Disease of tomatoes in a greenhouse on the leaves. How to recognize tomato diseases in a greenhouse - descriptions and photos of all types of diseases

Unfortunately, due to tomato diseases, you can lose a significant part of your crop. To prevent this, we will describe the most common diseases of tomatoes, show a photo, and tell you how to deal with them, and what methods of prevention to apply. Unfortunately, there are a lot of pathogens, it can be both viruses and fungi, bacteria. Adverse weather conditions, also contributing, can cause serious disruptions in the functioning of the bush. As you can see, there are a lot of problems, let's solve them armed with knowledge.

Late blight.

Phytophthora appears unexpectedly on tomatoes, but it is very difficult to get rid of it. If it is not eliminated in a timely manner, almost the entire crop will be at risk. Are amazed above-ground part bush, black areas first appear, which eventually begin to rot.

A harmful fungus is collected on the soil and plant remains. Therefore, in the fall, destroy all fallen leaves from the garden, and in the spring it is necessary to disinfect the soil in the greenhouse.

Prevention: It is necessary to observe crop rotation, and in regions where outbreaks of late blight often occur, it is recommended to grow hybrids and varieties resistant to this fungus: Semko 99, Moscow Lights, The little Prince”, “Academician Sakharov”, “Orange Giant”, ““, “Celsus”.

Folk methods against phytophthora:

The choice of a variety cannot be a panacea, therefore, even before planting seeds for seedlings, they must be soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate, holding them in it for about half an hour. During the growing season, carry out preventive spraying with a garlic solution (1 tsp of the substance per bucket of water), you can replace it with iodine (40 drops of iodine per bucket of water). Yeast version (100 grams of confectionery yeast per bucket of water).

Chemical :

Spray the bushes with preparations: Agat-25, Quadris, Strobi.

Alternariosis (dry spotting).

Tomatoes are no less harmful to tomatoes than phytophthora - Alternariosis, or dry spotting. The causative agent is a common fungus. Dry spotting manifests itself earlier than late blight, already after picking the seedlings into open ground, the first symptoms can be noticed, although the growth of seedlings in the greenhouse also cannot guarantee that this disease will not affect the bushes there.

Everyone is amazed elevated organs, dry spots appear on the leaves of the tomato, their shape is rounded, the borders are strongly pronounced. On the fruits, the spots are brown, dark in color, they look pressed inward, a black coating appears. Long, dry spots appear on the stem. Further, the leaves of tomatoes begin to turn yellow, which is not typical for late blight. So you can distinguish between these two pathogenic conditions.

Prevention:plant remains, tops, leaves, must be collected in the fall and burned, away from the garden. Do not plant bushes after: potatoes, peppers, eggplant and cabbage, observe crop rotation. The best predecessors are: perennial herbs, onions, legumes and cucumbers. Contribute mineral fertilizers under the bushes, potassium should serve as their basis.

Chemical agents: At the first symptoms, use fungicides: Gold MC 68WG (60 grams per 10 liters of liquid), Acrobat MC, Quadris, Thanos, Tattu. You need to start work at the first symptoms, after which you systematically repeat spraying, up to 4 such procedures are carried out per season.

Anthracnose of tomatoes.

Subject to this disease, only ripe and overripe fruits. It is capable of causing irreparable harm to the crop, which they did not have time to remove in time. The causative agent is the fungus Colletotrichum. Most often, anthracnose is found in regions with high humidity, it is also terrible for other vegetable crops, such as: potatoes, peppers and eggplants.

The fungus is found both in the soil and in other plants, weeds, biological residues, waking up after wintering, it is transferred with moisture, whether it be watering, or ordinary rain. A suitable temperature for anthracnose activity is +22..+24C, and on very humid days, especially when moisture remains on the leaves for a long time.

Signs: Unfortunately, they only show up on ripe fruits, although the infection can live on the tomato and you won't be able to detect it until the fruit is ripe and you remove it from the bush. First, small depressions appear on the tomato, round shape, further as the progression, rings appear. On the damaged areas cracks appear, the infection re-penetrates there, and the process of decay is aggravated.

Prevention: Buy seeds from trusted manufacturers, if you are not sure of their quality, or if you have collected homemade seeds, carry out a disinfection procedure in potassium permanganate. Observe crop rotation. Weed control. Do not flood the bushes with water, especially the leaves. Tie the plant to a support. Spraying with fungicides throughout the season, intermittently, will minimize the risk of anthracnose.

Septoria or white spot.

Septoria is dangerous, they should not be neglected, because it can take up to 50% of the crop with it. Basically, the fungus affects leaves, old ones that grow closer to the ground. Brown spots appear on them, then their shape changes, and subsequently the leaf dries and falls off.

Good conditions for the prosperity of white spotting are considered high humidity, as well as temperatures in the range of + 15C to + 27C. The pathogen lives in the remains of last year's harvest.

Prevention: Many tomato varieties are resistant to septoria, but you should still follow all standard procedures, harvesting all plant residues in the fall, crop rotation, and disinfecting seeds. Unfortunately, there are no chemical or folk remedies that could cope with white spot in the active phase.

Gray rot of tomatoes.

One of the most dangerous diseases of the tomato, sometimes destroys the crop on entire farms. The peak of fungal activity occurs during the fruiting season, especially in conditions of high humidity. If you do not take immediate action, it will spread very quickly throughout the greenhouse, putting others at risk of infection. vegetable crops growing in the neighborhood.

Symptoms of gray rot of tomatoes: first, the petiole breaks, fungi get into it, spots form in the lesions, gray color with brown tint. As a rule, they appear in areas located close to the separation of the leaf from the stem. The spot grows rapidly in diameter, and after a few days reaches a size of 5 centimeters. Then it starts to become paler than the spot, until it becomes completely white with a slight, yellow tint. Colonies developing inside the stem for a week block access to the flow of water to the fruits and leaves of tomatoes, they turn yellow, then the plant begins to fade.

Protection methods: in fact, there are a lot of means, but unfortunately, they are often ineffective due to the late detection of the problem. There are several varieties and hybrids that are resistant to gray rot: "Pilgrim f1" and "Vasilievna f1".

In greenhouses, it is necessary to maintain low humidity. Harvest the stem very carefully to avoid damaging it. The formation of the bush and the removal of leaves is done with a sharp knife, and not during wet weather.

How to process:

Treatment with growth regulators during the growing season reduces the risk of disease by 50%.

Biological agents: in order to prevent the appearance of gray rot on tomatoes, the leaves can be treated with a suspension of trichodermin, but first the infected foliage must be cut off. Suspension can also be used to treat lesions, cut points, and damage to the bush.

Chemical: they process the planting after harvesting, it is necessary to fumigate both the planting substrate, and the soil and elements of the greenhouse.

Prevention of gray rot in the greenhouse:

1. Treat all affected plants in May.
2. Repeat the procedure after 2 weeks.
3. In June-July, coat the stems of diseased plants a couple of times.
4. Late summer, if the disease has spread too much, treat the plant completely with a fungicide.
5. In early autumn, repeat the August procedure.

White rot.

white rot penetrates into the fetus from small cracks and damage

The main danger of the harmful organism is during the storage of fruits, in another period it is practically not dangerous. As a rule, fungal colonies get inside the plant in places of mechanical damage. Wet spots form on the fruits, in which decay processes occur.

The source of contamination is soil and compost. In order to prevent them, they can be steamed. This is the main way to protect your crops from this disease. Therefore, never neglect the disinfection of the soil and substrate before planting seedlings in it. Timely harvest from the bush, or from the ground if it has fallen.

Powdery mildew.

White coating is a sure sign of powdery mildew.

This disease of tomatoes is the worst for the inhabitants of greenhouses with glass surfaces. Fortunately, from year to year, powdery mildew is becoming less of a common problem for gardeners. There are several pathogens of powdery mildew, which is why there are different manifestations of tomato disease.

1. The appearance of a white coating on the leaves is observed, and there are practically no changes in the water on the stems and roots.
2. Yellow spots appear on the leaf, then a powdery coating appears on the entire leaf, such a variant of powdery mildew occurs with insufficient watering and low temperature.

There is only 1 hybrid that does not suffer from this disease - Milano f1.

Control and prevention: To reduce the risk of powdery mildew, it is necessary to constantly fight weeds, carry out disinfection measures in the greenhouse, and disinfect the soil or substrate in which seedlings are grown. When the first symptoms of the second type appear, it is necessary to increase the irrigation rates, to carry it out by sprinkling. Eliminate the risk of drafts in the room. Before planting, the seeds are soaked in a solution of Epin or Immunocytophyte.

Biological:

For spraying bushes, a solution of "Bactofit" 1% concentration is used, this is a good prophylactic. It is started to be applied after the first signs of powdery mildew, the treatment should be repeated every two weeks, the consumption is about 10 kilograms per hectare.

Chemical:

At the first sign of illness, treat the bushes with such preparations as: "quadris", "topaz", "strobi" (0.02%), "thiovit", "cumulus", "jet" (0.03%). If you often spray these drugs, then the fungus may develop immunity to them. Therefore, only spraying is carried out as a prophylaxis, or one-time, after the first symptoms.

Verticillium wilt of tomatoes.

Pretty without harmful disease, it does not cause significant damage to crops. It manifests itself in the form of chlorosis and necrosis on old leaves, then the roots die off. The peak of pathogen activity falls on the period of fruit set. At first, the plant begins to wither during the hottest hours of the day, the leaves may fall off if no action is taken for a long time. Further, the symptoms appear on the shoots, the leaves remain only at the top, because of this, the fruits can burn in the sun, they develop poorly, the plant itself stops growing.

Verticillium is often confused with fusarium, but this can be checked by looking at the vascular bundles, on sections of the stem, they change their color, but not with fusarium.

The development of pathology occurs at relatively low temperatures from + 20C to + 24C. At the same time, there is practically no distribution on acidic soils; a fungus occurs, as a rule, on alkaline and neutral soils.

Prevention: Compliance with the rules of crop rotation, sufficient watering, as well as good drainage of the site practically negate all risks. Varieties and hybrids resistant to this fungus can also be cultivated.

Cladosporiosis (brown spot).

This fungus most often affects the leaves of tomatoes that grow in greenhouses or greenhouses, in open ground practically never occurs. In the soil, the colony can live up to 10 months, while transferring minus temperature. To show the activity of cladosporiosis in the phase of vegetation and flowering of tomatoes, in the form of spots of light green color, in the lower part of the leaf. The most active phase occurs at the moment of harvest ripening, under the main risk, the most ripe fruits.

If you identify brown spot in your greenhouse in time, you will be able to save the crop, otherwise many healthy bushes may suffer, the fungus spreads quickly. Ideal conditions for the development of cladosporiosis are wet and warm air+22..+25C, at 80% humidity. With large fluctuations, the infection process starts.

Ways to fight:

• Humidity in the greenhouse should not exceed 70%.
• Constantly ventilate the room, stop sprinkling watering immediately after the first symptoms of the disease are detected.
• In winter, it is necessary to steam and freeze the soil, before planting seeds for seedlings, it is also necessary to disinfect the soil and c.
• All biological residues after harvesting must be collected and burned.
• Observe crop rotation.
• Do not thicken the landings.
• To reduce soil moisture indoors, a black film is applied to it, this is also effective method getting rid of weeds.
• Watering should not be carried out in the afternoon, also know that it is better to water the bushes less often than little and often. After watering, be sure to ventilate the room.

After picking, when the seedlings take root in a new place, they are sprayed with copper oxychloride, or a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. Also, experienced gardeners recommend that, in order to prevent the appearance of brown spot, the bushes are sprayed with biological preparations: “pseudobacterin-2”, “phytosporin-m”, “integral”.

Upon detection of a disease on tomatoes, they should be treated with fungicides with a wide spectrum of action: "HOM", "polyram", "abiga-peak".

When the crop is harvested, the soil in the greenhouse is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (1 cup per 10 liters of liquid). They also coat all the structures and the frame of the greenhouse.

Root rot.

Root rot is also often referred to as blackleg. and not in vain.

Root rot usually affects tomatoes in greenhouse conditions, in open ground it is quite rare, only in overly waterlogged areas. The development of the disease occurs in parallel with the development of the plant. At the same time, yield losses are quite insignificant.

How it manifests itself: the bush has blackening in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe root neck and near the rhizome, this condition is often called a black leg. Then the process of wilting begins, or the manifestation of other concomitant diseases.

Most often, the cause of the black leg is excessive watering, and the failure to carry out disinfecting measures. The fungus lives in the soil, or substrate, sometimes on seeds.

AT advanced cases bushes are sprayed with a preparation called "rodomir gold" 0.25%.

Stem cancer or ascochitosis.

Ascochitosis in the photo

Interestingly, stem cancer manifests itself differently depending on the shelter material. For example, in film greenhouses, it is able to destroy almost the entire crop, but in glass greenhouses, ascochitosis almost does not spread, and practically does not occur in open ground conditions.

As a rule, stems suffer from cancer, leaves only in rare cases. Neoplasms appear at the base of the stem, their color is brown, and liquid oozes from them. Peduncles stop developing, when the disease spreads to the fetus, the same spots form on it, the process of mummification begins.

The disease develops in cool weather with high humidity. The pathogen lives in biological residues, as well as in seeds.

Prevention: for this it is necessary to disinfect the soil, then it is treated with trichodermin. The bushes themselves are treated with the help of the growth regulator "agat 25", or "immunocyphite". The specks or growths themselves are lubricated with a paste in the composition of chalk and rovral.

Fusarium wilt (fusarium).

A very difficult disease to diagnose at an early stage. It would seem that all the norms are met, the soil is quite moist, but not waterlogged, all top dressing was carried out on time, and the tomato leaves wither, what to do in this case? Fight the fungus that causes fusarium, how to do it?

Signs:

The first is, of course, you need to be 100% sure of the diagnosis. Unfortunately, the fungus affects the plant at any stage of development, up to planting seeds for seedlings. But symptoms appear only during the growing season, when flowering or even fruiting occurs. What to look for:

• The lower leaves of the tomato begin to turn yellow and wither.
• Further, the process of yellowing of the leaves passes to the upper leaves.
• Vessels of the stem when cut will have brown flowers.
• Place the cut stem in a room with high humidity, and after a couple of days, a white mycelium will form at the cut site.

Causes of occurrence:

1. Through chur frequent landings in a small area.
2. Little light.
3. Short daylight hours.
4. Under the landing of a deposit of water.
5. You didn't follow the crop rotation.
6. Not proper watering.
7. An excess of chloride and nitrogen fertilizers.

Fusarium control:

1. Prevention: disinfection of the soil, as well as seeds before planting. Implementation of a whole range of measures, excluding adverse factors, that is, timely and proper watering, providing high-quality lighting, etc.
2. Treatment when the disease has already manifested itself includes spraying with both biological and chemical preparations.

Resistant varieties: Hybrids fj - "Raisa", "Monica", "Raspodia", "Partner Semko", "Sorrento". Hybrids f1: "charisma", "Spartak", "Ural", "Vologda". Variety - Blitz.

How to treat seeds when planting seedlings.

• Via strong solution potassium permanganate in hot water(+60С).
• Treat the seeds with a fungicide called strekar.
• You can use the drug "benazol", "fundazol".

It is also important to observe a 3-year crop rotation.

Crop rotation scheme

Treatment:

In the later stages, the mycelium clogs all the vessels, as a result of which the tomato dies from a fungal disease, and in this case it can no longer be cured. The effectiveness of the funds is retained only at the initial stages.

Biologicals:

• Trichodermin in the substrate for growing seedlings, approximately 2 grams of the drug per 1 seedling;
• Trichodermin in the soil 1 kilogram per 10 square meters.
• Water the tomatoes with “pseudo-bacterin” - 2, or “planriz”, prepare the solution following the instructions on the pack.

Chemicals:

Chemical agents are much more effective than biological agents in dealing with fusarium on tomatoes, however, from the moment of spraying, it is strictly forbidden to eat fruits for the next 3 weeks. What is better to apply:

1. "Strekar".
2. "Benazol".
3. Fundazol.

When lime is added to the soil and dolomite flour significantly reduces the risk of Fusarium wilt.

Southern late blight.

A very rare form, while it manifests itself only with improper care of plantings. First of all, the root neck suffers, it begins to blacken and deform, then the process of decay starts. Further, the disease rises, leaving behind a white coating of mycelium.

The second option is a manifestation on the fruits, dark spots appear on them, gradually the tomatoes fall off the bushes.

Prevention: sterilize the soil, and also cut off the affected part of the bush. It can also be treated with the chemical preparation “pseudobacterin-2” during planting, and with a 0.01% solution of “sodium humate” after.

Bacterial diseases of tomato:

Bacterial mottle, why tomato leaves curl.

A rather rare and slightly harmful disease, it is noteworthy that it occurs almost exclusively in open ground conditions. The visual manifestations of the disease are quite easy to guess almost immediately. They appear on the leaves, in the form of small spots of an oily structure, later they turn brown. Farther tomato leaves begin to curl and die.

The bacterial state develops best in humid environment at low temperatures. The pathogen lives in seeds, as well as in plant debris, and in the roots of weeds.

Treatment: treatment with fungicides containing copper, as well as the preparation "Fitolavin-300".

bacterial cancer.

This disease rarely manifests itself in seedlings, so its activity has to wait until the beginning of fruiting. This is a rather formidable condition in which the summer resident may lose a third of the crop. If the humidity and temperature start to rise, the situation will worsen even more.

Symptoms: The most frequent and indicative symptom will be the withering of the bush, as a result of clogging of the vessels with bacteria, the vessels themselves begin to turn black, on this basis you can unambiguously make a diagnosis. At the initial stage, wilting is one-sided, the unilateral leaf slices are the first to suffer, the tomato leaf begins to curl up. Further, in almost any part of the bush, small brown or red ulcers may appear. The stems dry up on them, cracks appear from which the infected liquid oozes. The process of wilting, as a rule, occurs from the bottom up.

Often the question of why tomato leaves curl can be answered - due to bacterial cancer. This is one of the first manifestations of this disease.

Protection and prevention:

• Disinfection of the soil is necessary before planting both seeds and seedlings in it.
• The greenhouse should always have Fresh air, so constant airing is a must. Also, when the first manifestations of bacteriosis occur, sprinkler irrigation should be stopped.
• To contain the development of the pathogenic process, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of the nutrient solution, as well as increase the acidity of the substrate.
• Crop rotation.
• Remove damaged plants, do not allow them to come into contact with healthy ones.
• If you are working in a greenhouse where there are infected bushes, treat the healthy ones first, then go for the infected ones.
• Before planting, warm the seeds according to Vovk.
• During the growing season, the bushes are treated with fungicides that contain copper.

Bacterial wilt.

One of the most dangerous diseases of the tomato. It is able to destroy almost all the bushes planted on the site. Most often it develops in the southern regions with a subtropical climate. It is very rare in the temperate and northern zone. Often bacterial wilt switches to potatoes as well.

Symptoms:

1. Sharp form. It flows almost at lightning speed, the bushes begin to wither and die. Unfortunately, this process is not accompanied by any signs.
2. Chronic. In this case, faint brown stripes can be seen on the leaves. Voids form in the stems, aerial roots appear. There is a process of stopping growth. If the stem is cut into yellowish rings, these are damaged vessels, if they are pressed, liquid (bacterial) will ooze. The fruits are affected.

Photo of bacterial wilt of tomatoes.

The leaves turn yellow or become light green, often a unilateral process.

Fighting methods:

Most often, the causative agent of the disease is stored on potatoes, and most often it is from the storage where the tubers are laid that the pathogens move to greenhouses. To avoid this, you must adhere to safety precautions. Do not work with the same inventory in the storage and greenhouse, as well as wash shoes when moving from one room to another.

When the disease is already rampant, the infected bushes are removed at the root, and under neighboring plants (up to 10 meters) it is necessary to pour the Fitolavin-300 solution (0.6% -1%) into the soil, 200 milliliters of liquid per well. By adding to this solution liquid glass 0.15%, you will get a spray liquid that will create a film on the bush, which in turn will protect it from the spread of infection for 2 weeks.

Wet fruit rot.

Basically, wet rot occurs in open ground conditions, in greenhouse conditions it is practically harmless. The infection enters the fruit through small lesions.

Manifestation: the fruits begin to turn brown and become soft. A few days, and only the peel will remain from the fetus. The bacterium develops in conditions of sharp fluctuations in temperature, high humidity, as well as hot weather + 30C and above.

The carriers of the infection are insects, so the fight against them is considered the most effective means. Also cultivation of varieties resistant to wet rot.

Stem necrosis.

If you make mistakes in the process of growing tomatoes, then with a high probability they may develop stem necrosis. The most developed bushes suffer first. Brown spots form on the stem, after a while they begin to crack, and the fruit begins to wither. The ideal temperature indicators for the development of the disease is a temperature of + 27C plus, minus one, two degrees. But temperatures above + 40C are detrimental to bacteria.

The most common source of infection is untreated seeds.

The method of prevention will be seed treatment before planting, as well as proper care, as well as the cultivation of resistant hybrids and varieties: "Red Arrow", "Resento f1", "Maeva f1".

Black bacterial spot.

A rather dangerous disease, as a result of the spread of which you can lose the entire crop. The causative agent of this disease of tomatoes, when black spots appear on them, is the rod-shaped bacterium Xanthomonas vesicatoria.

Symptoms: The first signs are small dark olive spots of an oily texture. Over time, they become darker and spread throughout the plant. The difference from phytophthora will not be the merging of spots into one big one, but their crushing, which is more like a rash. Further, the leaves begin to dry and fall off, the fruits stop developing, and gradually it begins to rot.

Most often, the pathogen is found in seeds, so it is imperative to carry out a disinfection procedure before planting seedlings. The usual soaking of seeds in hot water (+60C) for 20 minutes will be enough. The bacterium is able to penetrate the plant through mechanical damage, small cracks.

Suitable conditions for the development of black bacterial spot:

1. Air temperature from +25С to +30С.
2. High humidity, 75% and above. Moisture on the leaves is the main source of infection.

Methods of control and prevention:

Unfortunately, there are no resistant varieties and hybrids to this disease of tomatoes yet. Therefore, special attention must be paid to prevent bacteria from entering the bushes. It is best to treat the seeds before planting with trisodium phosphate.

1. To do this, rinse the seeds, then put on gloves, and pour a small amount of the drug granules onto the seeds. Use this method when processing fresh seeds.
2. Processing of purchased seeds, dry. It is necessary to dissolve the drug in water at the rate of 12 grams per 100 milliliters of water. The soaking process will take about an hour. Then wash them thoroughly running water, you can leave them under an open tap for 20 minutes.

Spraying with biological preparations at the height of the disease will not bring results. Of the chemical ones, copper-containing bactericides are used - 1% Bordeaux liquid, "HOM", "Oxyhom".

On an industrial scale, on large farms, fields are sprayed: "acrobat", "mancozeb".

For a summer resident:

1. Remove the lower leaves on the bush after all the fruits have already set, and already in August, you can remove almost all the leaves, leaving up to 5 top ones.
2. Do not allow thickening of landings.
3. Affected leaves should be cut off immediately.
4. Crop rotation.

Viral diseases of tomato:

Aspermia (seedlessness).

In many ways, the harmfulness of the virus depends on its type, as well as on the strength of the infected plant, and environmental conditions. The main manifestations of aspermia will be increased bushiness, a frail stem, and an underdeveloped generative organ. The flowers begin to grow together, and change color, become small.

The carriers of the virus are insects and other pests. The method of struggle will be the destruction of all pests in the greenhouse.

Bronze tomato.

Enough dangerous virus, which has become increasingly harmful over the years. It is dangerous both for film shelters and for open ground. Sometimes, with serious atrocities of the virus, summer residents and farmers could lose their entire crops.

Symptoms:

Young fruits are affected, rings appear on their upper part, over time they become brown. After a while, the same pattern appears on the leaves. After a week and a half, the spots increase in size, and areas of chlorotic tissue form near them. Tissue dies off around the rings.

Bronzing of a tomato on a leaf, photo

Thrips are often carriers of the virus. Sometimes the infection penetrates through mechanical damage.

1. Destruction of weeds, at a distance of 15 meters from vegetable plantings.
2. Elimination of vectors, you can treat the area with insecticides.
3. Glue traps will help reduce the number of thrips in the area.
4. Resistant varieties and hybrids: Romatos, Senzafin f1.

Yellow leaf curl.

Not a very terrible disease that can only harm the presentation of the fruit. The main manifestations are considered: falling of flowers, while the fruits will be small, and ribbed, not attractive appearance. The leaves are very curly, turn yellow, shrink. The virus is not transmitted through seeds or juice. Whiteflies are the only source of infection. Actually, the whole fight against yellow curl will be in the fight against whiteflies.

A resistant hybrid to yellow curl is "Senzafin f1".

Whitefly photo.

Fighting whitefly and other flying insects in the greenhouse.

Frequent sources of infection in greenhouses are small, flying insects. Fighting them is an important stage in the formation of a rich harvest.

Effectively hang traps throughout the greenhouse, they effectively cope with the destruction of the whitefly population. You can either buy them or make them yourself at home. To do this, just take the cardboard, cut it into pieces, repaint it in bright yellow. And cover the surface of the workpiece with a mixture of: honey, rosin, and Castor oil. And fasten on a thread to the frame.

Top bushiness.

Quite a new and dangerous disease of viral pathology. It appears even in winter on seedlings. White dots form on the lower leaves near the veins. Further, they gradually grow, and become brown. The central vein begins to coarsen. Farther tomato leaves begin to curl. The sickness rises up, the most upper leaves begin to rotate around the axis.

The virus spreads through seeds, as well as through mechanical damage, transmitted by pests, such as peach aphids.

Effective methods have not yet been developed, so it is necessary to immediately discard diseased seedlings and disinfect planting material before planting in pots.

Mosaic.

Mosaic is caused by Tobacco mosaic virus. The disease is common both in greenhouse conditions and in the open field. Signs are different, depending on the stage of development, the external environment, and the strain of the virus.

But the most characteristic symptom is light and dark areas in a chaotic manner found on the fruit or leaf plate, there are also areas with a normal color. The deformation of the sheet is also noticeable to the eye. Tomatoes may develop internal necrosis.

It is transmitted by mechanical contact, spreads with the juice of an infected plant. If he gets into wounds on a healthy bush during picking or other work in the garden or greenhouse. The infection persists in seeds, soil, biological residues of plants. Insects can also be carriers.

Resistant varieties and hybrids: "Semko-99 or 98". "Partner Semko", "Zhenaros", "Kunero", "Belle", "Madison", "Sors", "Anyuta".

Proper and timely care of the plant, the destruction of weeds and insects, can significantly reduce the risk of mosaic infection.

Filiformity of leaves.

A very dangerous disease that can completely destroy the crop. With it, the leaves are deformed, stretched, become thin, filiform. Flower ovaries do not appear on the bush. Sometimes the top of the plant dies. In the greenhouse, the disease spreads aphids. It carries the infection from foci located nearby, the host plants of the virus can be: ornamental and weeds, as well as others cultivated plants and vegetable crops.

Top rot.

A rather rare disease occurs in a combination of genetic and agrotechnical factors. It is manifested by the appearance of brown and white spots on green fruits. If a third of the fetus is damaged by necrosis, the summer resident will observe black spots on them. The most commonly affected varieties are those with large tomatoes on the ties. There are many factors that trigger the mechanism of tip rot, among them are the following:

• Lack of calcium ions.
• Incorrectly prepared soil mixture.
• The acidity of the soil ph is less than 6 units.
• Elevated temperature.

Resistant varieties "f1 bolero".

Fetal void.

The seeds are cooled in the fruit. However, she does not carry any other harm in her emptiness. It arises as a result of a number of factors, mainly the culprit is a sharp temperature drop, or improper care during the setting of tomatoes, or the absence of pollinators.

There are a number of resistant varieties.

Stolbur or phytoplasmos.

It is found most often in open ground, it is very difficult to meet it under the conditions of film and glass shelters.

Symptoms: a plant mutation occurs, manifested in the compaction of the root bark, and its color changes to brown, the fruits become dense, the leaves decrease. If the infection occurred in the early stages of growth, such a bush will be far behind in size from its neighbors. The fruits, if they have time to ripen, will be hard and tasteless, sometimes it is possible to save up to 70% of the crop, but the next generation will be completely infected, so it is impossible to use the seeds for the next year, when there was an epidemic of stolobur in the greenhouse.

Leafhoppers spread the disease, especially often outbreaks of the disease are recorded in dry and hot weather.

Methods of struggle: elimination of cicadas.

How to deal with cicadas.

Carry out the destruction of weeds, where she often hides. Spray plantings with tobacco dust, garlic tincture. The pennies are very sensitive to chemicals, for example: foliar spraying with a 30% solution of karbofos. After processing, the plants must be sprinkled with wood ash, 30 grams per bush.

How to protect tomatoes from diseases.

Agricultural technology:

1. Do a crop rotation.
2. Steam and disinfect the soil.
3. Remove all biological debris after harvest.
4. Choose resistant varieties and hybrids to plant.
5. Weed and pest control.

Biological Substances:

1. Trichodermin. From powdery mildew 8 liters per hectare. If it is necessary to overcome late blight, Alternaria, add Gaupsin 5 liters per hectare, and 5 liters per hectare of tank mix.
2. Pseudobacterin-2. Against: root rot, blackleg, late blight, and brown spot. Spraying before planting events, and twice during the growing season. 100 milliliters for each bush.
3. Phytocid-R. Against fungi and bacteria, as well as to strengthen the immune system. Treatment before sowing per 100 grams of seeds 5 ml per half liter of liquid. For soaking seedlings - 10 milliliters per 3 liters of liquid. Processing during the growing season - 7 milliliters per 10 liters of liquid, once every one and a half weeks, only four times.

Chemical substances:

1. Quadris s.k. (a.i. azaxystrobin, 250 g/l). Against late blight, Alternaria, and powdery mildew, use the instructions for use.
2. Ridomil Gold MC, v.d.g. (a.i. mancozeb + mefenoxam, 640 + 40 g/kg). The targets of the defeat are phytophthora, alternariosis. Processing four times per season.
3. Rincozeb. Targets - late blight, alternariosis, three times per season.
4. Strobe. The goal is late blight and powdery mildew.

That's all, we have described to you all the tomato diseases that you can encounter when working in the garden or in film shelters. As you can see, there are methods of dealing with them, and they are very effective. Only in some cases the battle for the harvest can be lost without a chance of winning. Use all available methods, and you will not be afraid of any diseases, we wish you success in this difficult struggle.

Spots on tomato leaves are a good indicator of plant health. If you regularly monitor the condition of tomato leaves, you can diagnose the cause of the disease or malnutrition of the bush. Early identification of the problem will help to quickly identify the causes and promptly take measures to eliminate them.

There can be several reasons for the appearance of spots in plants. As a rule, their appearance signals about, to which tomatoes are very susceptible. Usually, various spots on the leaves of tomatoes begin to appear in the second half of summer, closer to the end of fruiting and harvesting. This is quite understandable, since during this period there is still summer heat during the day, but the night temperature is already significantly lower. In addition, in the mornings there are fogs and cold dews, which contributes to the occurrence of fungal diseases. Also, spots may indicate a lack or excess, or gross errors in agricultural technology when growing tomato bushes.

So, consider the causes of spots on tomato leaves, which are most common.

High humidity in the greenhouse and sudden changes in temperature contribute to the appearance of diseases in tomatoes. As a rule, the development of the disease begins with the lower leaves, and if it is a fungus, then its spores spread very quickly to other parts of the plant and neighboring bushes.

In conditions of high humidity, there is a high risk of infection with brown spot, late blight, septoria, bacterial mottle and etc.

Spots on tomatoes - diagnostics

For your convenience, we have compiled the color of the leaves. You can immediately go to this table with a photo of the most common spots on the leaves of tomatoes, so that it would be more convenient for you to determine the cause of the problem and determine countermeasures.
For a more detailed description of possible diseases of tomatoes or other problems associated with a violation of the supply of nutrients to a tomato bush, read on.

Light spots on tomato leaves

If the plant has just been planted in a greenhouse or in open ground in the heat, then this is a sunburn. Seedlings before planting need to without fail. A landing is best done in the evening or in cloudy weather. You can try to help the leaves. To do this, after sunset, you need to treat the leaves with anti-stress drugs: etc. Repeat the procedure three times with an interval of a week. The spots usually go away soon. But if the spots have not gone away, you need to look for other reasons.

White coating on the leaves of tomatoes - powdery mildew

White coating on the leaves of tomatoes, similar to scattered flour. This is powdery mildew. With powdery mildew disease, white spots appear on both sides of the leaf. In the future, all leaves fall from the affected plant, which leads to crop loss. Low light and high humidity lead to the development of the disease. To prevent the disease, it is impossible to allow thickening of plantings and carry out timely.

powdery mildew- it's very aggressive fungal disease, which affects not only tomatoes, but also many other vegetables growing nearby. It spreads rapidly and can destroy all plantings of tomatoes in a day.
Diseased tomatoes must be treated with a contact-systemic fungicide. In case of severe damage, diseased plants are best removed, otherwise you can lose all the plants.

Diseased plants are best removed to avoid the spread of the disease. Treat with fungicide: Quadris, Oxyhom, Ordan, Strobe.
Biologicals: Fitosporin M, Baktofit, Alirin B, Gamair.

White spots with dark edges in tomatoes - septoria

If cloudy white spots with dark edges start on the lower leaves and then spread further if they leave an impression gray plaque, then, most likely, this is a very dangerous fungal disease. If no action is taken, then black dots will appear in the middle of the white spots, the leaves will darken and fall off. The disease can cover other leaves, stems, fruits. The plant could become infected if the soil was poorly prepared, spores of the fungus could remain in it. Seed material could be infected, which is why seeds are needed before sowing. Septoria usually develops in July, because it is provoked by high humidity during intense heat.

Infected plants must be removed and destroyed. The disease is difficult to treat. In the initial stages of the disease, plants are treated fungicides: Bordeaux mixture, Oxyhom, Hom, Revus.
Effective biologics: Fitosporin M, Alirin.

Silver spots on tomato leaves

Some gardeners are frightened by the appearance of such silver spots on the leaves, mainly in greenhouses. This is not a disease, but a physiological disturbance in the development of the plant (anomaly). This occurs due to sharp changes in night and day temperatures, as well as due to genetic changes, when seeds of poorly processed hybrids go on sale. Such physiological manifestations are not dangerous, so do not worry if you find these symptoms. You can use anti-stress drugs: etc., timely ventilation and closing of the greenhouse.

Spots of green and yellow color in a tomato - a mosaic of tomatoes

In tomatoes affected by this disease, a characteristic mosaic pattern appears on the tops in the form of alternating spots of green and yellow. In young leaves, the mosaic pattern is more clearly visible than in older ones. The disease spreads very quickly to nearby tomato bushes. In the future, yellowish spots may appear on the fruits. This is a viral disease. The virus is carried by insect pests, with the soil, but first of all, infection occurs with seeds. Therefore, for the prevention of mosaic, it is necessary to choose seeds of hybrids that have immunity to this virus. If there is no data on the resistance of the variety to the mosaic virus, then the planting material must be pickled in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes.

Mosaic diseased plants do not treat, and removed from the site and then destroyed.

Yellow spots on tomato leaves - cladosporiosis

Small yellow spots first on the lower, then on the upper leaves of tomatoes. These are the initial signs of a fungal disease. (brown spot, leaf mold).

Later on, on the reverse side of the leaves, the space under the spots is covered with a light gray coating (later it turns brown). The leaves curl up and dry up.

When an infection occurs, it is necessary to spray the plants with preparations: Quadris, Abiga Peak, Polyhom, Tsineb. Of the biological products are effective: Alirin, Fitosporin M, Pseudobacterin

Tomato cladosporiosis causes great harm in greenhouses. The shortage of fruit yield reaches 30 - 40%.
Brown spotting can be stored in greenhouses for up to ten years, therefore, when a disease appears, it is important to disinfect the greenhouse and soil.

Brown spots on tomato leaves - cladosporiosis

Brown spots on the leaves of tomatoes, appear first in the lower part of the bush, then spread to the upper leaves. After some time, a dark velvety coating forms on these spots. Less commonly, flowers and fruits are infected, which, in case of infection, turn brown and fall off.

These are clear signs of the spread of a dangerous fungal disease ( brown spot, leaf mold.

Black spots on tomato leaves - late blight

This is a clear sign of phytophthora damage to tomatoes. This is the most dangerous and common fungal disease that occurs in both ground and greenhouse tomatoes. It develops from dampness against the background of a sharp temperature drop. appear black and brown spots on all parts of plants: first the leaves turn black and dry, and then black spots and necrosis appear on the fruits. The earlier the disease is detected, the more likely it is to save the plant and avoid the spread of the disease. At obvious signs plant diseases cannot be cured. The main thing is to contain the spread of infection, otherwise you can lose the entire crop.

Diseased leaves must be removed as soon as they are found. This must be done with extreme caution, as spores of the fungus can get on healthy plants. Plants need to be treated with chemical fungicides: Hom, Ordan, Oksihom, Profit Gold, Revus, etc. Processing should be done 1 time in 7 days, the frequency of treatments is indicated in the instructions for the drug.

Of the biological products used: Alirin B, Gamair, Fitosporin M, Trichodermin

Brown (brown) spots of tomatoes - late blight

On the lower leaves of the tomato, then on the whole plant appear brown spots. Unripe fruits turn brown. In cold weather, a whitish-gray coating appears on the edge of the spots on the leaves.
At high humidity, the damaged tissue of the leaves softens.
These signs also signal an infection. tomato bush late blight.

Dark (brown) spots on a tomato - black bacterial spot

The spots do not merge into large and dark ones, as with late blight, but rather look like a black rash. Symptoms black bacterial spot of tomatoes.

Initially, small olive-colored spots appear on the leaves, oily in appearance, only about 1-2 mm in diameter. Pretty quickly they darken and spread, covering all large parts of the leaf and stems.

All aerial parts of the plant are affected: leaf petioles, sepals, stalks, tomatoes and peppers. As the fruits grow, spots also appear on them, their number grows, by this time the stems and leaves seem to be covered with a scab. Due to malnutrition, the fruits do not ripen, and the leaves gradually dry out and fall off. Yield losses can be 90-100% - rotting of the tissues of the fetus occurs under the spots. Leaf mass loss from 50 to 100%.

Treatment chemicals be removed with copper-containing fungicides - spraying with a 1% solution Bordeaux mixture, preparations Hom, Oksikhom, Ordan, etc.

Of the biological preparations, the drug Fitolavin is very effective on tomatoes - it helps to treat not only bacterial black spot, but also bacterial cancer, top rot of tomatoes and other nightshade diseases

Dark sunken spots on tomatoes - Alternariosis

On the leaves, stems, fruits, rounded dark depressed spots. This disease manifests itself in hot weather - alternariosis(macrosporiosis). The size of the spots can reach several centimeters and in any weather they will be dry. The disease causes yellowing of the leaves of the plant. hallmark its appearance - spots of black plaque on the leaves and fruits.

What to do? Fungicide treatment: Quadris, Hom, Ordan, Profit gold, Oksihom, Bordeaux mixture.
Treatment with biofungicides: Alirin, Fitolavin, Fitosporin M, Trichodermin

Small spots with a dark brown color - Phomosis

Numerous small dark brown to black spots appear on the leaves, which, as they increase in size, may form concentric rings. This is phomosis (phoma rot). When sick
both unripe and mature fruits are affected. Phomosis can be determined by the characteristic brown spot that appears near the stem. Then it increases in diameter, but not much. Usually the spot reaches a size of about 3 centimeters. The main spread of rot occurs inside the fetus.

The pathogenic fungus can survive in the soil, in infected plant debris, and on pepper plants and closely related weeds. The spread of the disease is facilitated by high humidity and fertilizing rich in nitrogen.

As a preventive measure, soil disinfection is carried out, and it will not be superfluous to carry out processing internal parts greenhouses with a disinfectant solution.

Treatment is carried out with drugs: Bordeaux mixture, Hom, Oksikhom. Diseased fruits must be collected and destroyed.

Nutrient Deficiency in Tomatoes

Details about the deficiency of nutrients can be found in the article on our website.
You can determine which ones are not enough for a plant by the appearance of tomato leaves. Their coloring, and general. The deterioration of the condition of tomatoes is most often caused by a deficiency (less often - an excess) of a micronutrient. What kind of top dressing do tomatoes need can be determined by the change in color and the condition of the leaves of the tomato bush. Now we will consider the diagnosis of a deficiency or excess of nutrients only by the presence of spots on tomato leaves.

Light yellow-green spots on tomato leaves - nitrogen deficiency

Tomatoes burn around the edges, turn yellow and old leaves fall off. The plants are elongated, look stunted, the leaves become smaller, acquire a light green color with a yellowish tint, the stem becomes soft. The veins on the underside of the leaf are reddish-bluish in color.

What to do? Feed the tomatoes nitrogen fertilizer, for example, urea (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Yellow-brown spots - potassium deficiency

Young leaves of tomatoes are wrapped inside with a tube - they curl, and the old leaves turn yellow, dry out at the edges. First, the leaves darken, then yellow-brown spots appear along the edges, which gradually grow, forming a border.

What to do? Top dressing with potassium nitrate (1 tablespoon of fertilizer per 10 liters of water), half a liter of solution under a bush, spraying the leaves with a solution of potassium chloride (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water).

Yellow with necrotic spots - Excess potassium

With an excess of potassium, the lower leaves of tomatoes turn yellow, dark necrotic spots appear on them).
Excess potassium is dangerous for plant roots. The increased content of potassium can cause burns of the root system.
In addition, an excess of potassium leads to difficulty in the absorption of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, etc.

What to do? Stop feeding potash fertilizers and ash.

Leaves curl up and turn yellow - magnesium deficiency

The leaves of tomatoes are bent up and begin to turn yellow between the veins.

What to do? Helps well foliar top dressing(spraying on the leaves) with a solution of magnesium nitrate (1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water) or Epsom salt diluted in the same proportion.

Pale green spots on young leaves - sulfur deficiency

Signs of sulfur deficiency are similar to nitrogen deficiency: pale green leaves with a transition to yellow, red-blue streaks. But sulfur deficiency manifests itself first on young leaves (with nitrogen, the opposite is true). The stem of the plant also becomes thinner, it becomes fragile, brittle, stiff.

What to do? Foliar top dressing with magnesium sulfate (1 gram per 1 liter of water) helps.

Purple spots - phosphorus deficiency

The leaves and stems of tomatoes darken to dark green with a blue tint, Bottom part acquires old leaves purple hue. The leaves curl inward, the stem becomes hard and brittle, the roots wither. Tomato leaves and stem may turn purple. At the same time, the leaves rise up and are pressed against the stem.

What to do? Feed the tomatoes with a phosphorus-containing fertilizer. To prepare top dressing, pour 1 cup of superphosphate with 1 liter of boiling water and leave to infuse for 8-12 hours. Dilute the resulting infusion in 10 liters of water and pour half a liter of top dressing under each bush

Spots on the leaves of tomatoes - what to do?

By determining the cause of the spots on the leaves, you can take steps to eliminate them. If the spots are caused by a lack or excess of nutrients, then you will need to adjust the mode of feeding the tomato.

Nevertheless, most often spots on the leaves appear due to infection of tomatoes with fungal diseases. It is urgent to cut and burn (or carry away) infected leaves. And plants must be treated with chemicals. Folk remedies used to prevent diseases will no longer be effective.

All drugs against plant diseases and pests are distributed according to the principle of exposure:

• contact- they cover all the bushes, acting as a protective role.
• systemic- after treatment, they enter the plant tissues and act on the pathogen more effectively. If infection has occurred, then it is better to choose drugs that have a systemic effect.
• mixed- there are drugs that have both systemic and contact action.

Very often, gardeners understand that the plant is sick. In this case, it is important to determine the type of disease - fungal or bacterial. And then choose drugs.

Most fungal diseases (they most often affect tomatoes) are treated with preparations containing copper.

Diseases of tomatoes in a greenhouse occur no less than in bushes growing in open ground. Despite the sparing growth regime and the protection of culture from negative impact environment in the soil over time, various bacteria are still formed that contribute to the development of the disease.

In addition to all sorts of diseases greenhouse tomatoes can be attacked by various insect pests.

Most often, plants in greenhouses attack:

1. Medvedka is a pest reaching 8 cm in length. Most often you can find it near water bodies or in soils well fertilized with manure. At one time, she can lay about 300 eggs. In addition to tomatoes, the pest can cause significant damage to cucumbers, cabbage, carrots, and potatoes.
2. Caterpillars of moths also cause great damage to the tomato crop. They have another name - scoops. They can be 3.5 cm long or more and are black or gray in color. Scoops eat plant stems mainly at night.
3. Click beetle lays wireworm larvae, from which yellow caterpillars up to 2 cm long hatch over time. They eat the stem and negatively affect root system.
4. In areas with a warm climate, it can also harm outdoor tomatoes. The size of the whitefly averages 1.5 mm, its body yellow shade, there are 4 wings. With a large number of insects, tomato leaves become covered with a black bloom, after which the plant begins to dry out. If timely processing is not carried out, the death of the bushes is inevitable.

What diseases do tomatoes in a greenhouse suffer from?

The proper growth of bushes and a rich harvest of tomatoes can be prevented by the appearance of any disease. If it was not possible to prevent its occurrence, then it is important to process the greens in a timely manner so as not to lose a significant crop of fruits. Diseases of tomatoes in greenhouses make themselves felt when fungi, bacteria and viruses form in the soil.

The most common ones are:

• late blight;
• blossom end rot of tomatoes;
• cracking tomatoes;
• gray rot;
• root rot;
• phomosis;
• leaf mold;
• dry spotting;
• brown spotting;
• mosaic.

The most common disease of tomatoes growing in a greenhouse is late blight. This disease is of fungal origin and affects almost the entire plant. Infection manifests itself in the form of brown spots that spread along the leaves, stem and under the skin of the fruit. There may be a white coating on reverse side sheet. With such a disease of tomatoes in a greenhouse, not only leaves, but also flowers are affected. The fight against late blight consists in spraying tomato bushes with a special tool 20 days after planting. For the first treatment, experienced gardeners recommend using the Zaslon preparation. When diluting the solution, you should adhere to the dosage indicated by the manufacturer on the package.

After 3 weeks, re-treatment is carried out, you can use the Barrier solution. When laying buds, it is recommended to treat all the bushes with a garlic solution (0.5 kg of garlic per 10 liters of water). To avoid the formation of this unpleasant disease, many gardeners plant high-yielding varieties that are resistant to diseases.

With a deficiency of moisture, calcium, or with an excess of nitrogen, top rot of tomatoes makes itself felt. It appears on already formed fruits. Green tomatoes develop black, watery or dry spots that smell rotten. As a result, the fruits do not turn red, but begin to rot. To get rid of blossom end rot, the affected tomatoes should be cut off, and the bushes should be moistened regularly and abundantly. In addition, all bushes should be treated with a solution of saltpeter (according to the manufacturer's instructions). Top rot of tomatoes is considered one of the most common diseases, so it is better to foresee all the conditions for keeping this crop in advance than to treat the disease later.

For tomatoes, not only a lack of moisture is fatal, but also its excess. If the bushes are watered abundantly in dry weather, fruit cracking is possible. This is not a disease, it is rather a feature of fruit growth. When the weather is too dry and hot, the intake a large number moisture leads to a sharp increase in the size of the tomato, as a result, the skin cracks. To prevent this, watering should be carried out in moderation, and in hot weather, the fruits should be sprayed with a solution of lime.

Gray rot and phomosis on tomatoes: control measures

With the onset of cold weather, the formation of gray rot is possible. It manifests itself in the form of small spots, increasing in size over time. In addition, mold can appear on stems and tomatoes. If a disease is detected, it is necessary to remove the affected fruits and parts of the bush, increase the temperature in the greenhouse and treat the tomatoes with special solutions "Barrier" or "Barrier".

A disease that affects not only tomatoes, but also cucumbers is root rot. Because of it, rapid wilting is possible. In this case, disinfection of the soil will help. blue vitriol(2-3 g per 10 liters of water). Another disinfection option is to replace the affected soil layer with a new one. Additionally, the bushes are treated with the Barrier special tool.

Another fungal disease is phomosis. It affects only the fruits, brown spots form on them. Only the formed fruits begin to fall off immediately. To get rid of this disease, it is necessary to remove and burn all damaged parts of the tomatoes, disinfect the soil, moderately moisten the plants, do not fertilize with fresh manure, and avoid excess nitrogen in the soil.

Mold and yellow leaves

Leaf mold is characteristic mainly only of greenhouse tomatoes. It manifests itself in the form of the formation of white bloom and brown spots on the back of the sheet. Over time, the leaves of the plant dry out and curl up, which often leads to its death.

In the fight against mold, changing the climatic conditions in the greenhouse to drier and warmer ones will help.

To do this, the temperature in it increases, the abundance of irrigation decreases, due to which the humidity decreases. In order not to have to fight mold on tomato leaves for a long time, several preventive measures can be taken in advance. This should be done by timely treatment of the bushes with copper chloride, Oxyhom or special solutions (according to the manufacturer's instructions). It is not recommended to plant tomatoes in the same greenhouse 2 years in a row. If this is not possible, then after harvesting, the soil should be disinfected. There are special varieties of tomatoes that are more resistant to leaf mold.

Yellow tomato leaves in a greenhouse may indicate dry spotting. Infected leaves dry up and fall off. Possible education dark spots and black plaque on fruits. The fight against such an ailment is carried out similarly to the treatment of late blight.

Brown spotting is characteristic of tomato bushes that grow only in film greenhouses. You can detect it by brown spots and plaque on the back of the leaves. Such an infection spreads quite quickly. During watering from the leaves, it enters the soil, infecting it. To get rid of this infection, it is necessary to adjust the temperature and humidity conditions in the greenhouse. To this end, the number and abundance of watering is reduced, and the temperature is increased. Can handle shrubs and soil by special means. It is not recommended to plant tomatoes in this greenhouse for the next season.

Leaf mosaic on tomatoes: how to fight

The viral disease affecting greenhouse tomatoes is a mosaic. Plants affected by it may have twisted or wrinkled leaves that have changed shape and color. To treat such a disease, you must first remove and burn the affected bushes, water the surviving plants with a solution of potassium permanganate. Treatment with a dark solution of potassium permanganate is carried out several times a day for 2 weeks, and before planting new plants, their seeds must be kept in the same solution.

high humidity and low temperature can become a factor in the appearance of not only any infections, but also the banal causes of wilting. For example, leaves fall during flowering, including due to too humid atmosphere.

Diseases of tomatoes and methods of struggle (video)

Gallery: diseases of tomatoes in a greenhouse (15 photos)

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Versatile in use, rich in vitamins and tasty tomatoes are grown by many gardeners on their plots. To protect plants from cold and get a good harvest, tomatoes are most often grown in greenhouses. Despite the fact that vegetables grow indoors, they susceptible to various diseases. If they are not prevented and not treated, the harvest can not wait. Therefore, every gardener should know in person those diseases and pests that can affect plants in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

Causes of diseases in the greenhouse

High temperature indoors and air humidity contribute to the emergence and reproduction of various pathogens. It is possible to get rid of pathogens only by applying a set of special protective measures.

Under favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases, tomatoes can be affected:

• fungi;
• viruses;
• bacteria;
• pests.

It is possible to cope with the treatment of plants only having studied possible diseases and methods of dealing with them.

The most common tomato diseases in the greenhouse

late blight

The most common tomato disease in greenhouse and open field. The plant is affected by a fungus that multiplies rapidly throughout the bush.

To the signs of phytophthora relate:

• brown spots under the skin of the fruit;
• light white bloom on the underside of the leaf plate;
• to brown spots on the leaves and stems of the plant.

The occurrence of the disease is facilitated by sudden changes in air temperature and dampness. Spores remain in the soil for a long time, so it is not recommended to plant tomatoes after potatoes and nightshade.

In order to prevent polycarbonate greenhouses, it is necessary to regularly ventilate and spray with whey once a week. After planting the seedlings in the ground, the bushes after three weeks can be treated with the "Barrier" preparation, and after about a month - with a solution of the "Barrier" preparation.

Late blight is treated with Oxychoma, which is pre-diluted in water (2 tablets per 10 liters).

Anthracosis

The pathogen persists for a long time and is able to overwinter in the weeds remaining on the bed and in the soil. Seeds may also be infected. The fungus begins to spread and infect plants at an air temperature of +20 degrees and a humidity of 70%.

Signs of anthracosis:

• on ripened fruits, light, depressed, rounded small spots appear;
• over time, the spots turn into dark rings;
• the fruit cracks, and the fungus penetrates the pulp.

The causative agent of the disease settles on wet fruits and wet leaves, which fall off after a while. In a short time, the fungus is able to spread and destroy the entire crop.

Prevention measures:

• seeds should be bought only certified;
• planting material is disinfected before sowing;
• watering should be regular, but waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed;
• tie the bushes and make sure that the fruits and leaves do not come into contact with the ground;
• do not leave weeds in the soil.

When infected, plants are sprayed with special solutions that can be bought in specialized stores.

Cladospariosis

In greenhouses, brown olive leaf spot is often found, which affects plants at high humidity and short daylight hours. The fungus settles first on the lower leaves and appears as rounded yellow spots. Spores of the fungus in the form of a velvety white bloom can be seen on the underside of the leaf.

Infection with cladospariosis most often occurs during flowering. The affected leaves curl and dry out, and if no action is taken, then after a while the fruits become brown and soft.

Prevention and treatment measures:

• regular ventilation of greenhouses;
• plants should not be watered too much cold water;
• the affected leaves break off;
• plants are treated with Bordeaux mixture or preparations "Barrier", "Barrier".

A disease of tomatoes in a greenhouse, in which the root collar first rots, and then the whole plant withers and dies. Cucumbers can also suffer from root rot, since the pathogen lives in the ground and affects all plants. Signs of the disease:

• the appearance of a whitish coating and thinning of the root neck;
• brown vascular rings on the stem;
• refined, as if soaked black root;
• the bush is easily pulled out of the soil.

The disease should be treated at the first sign of its appearance. First of all, you should stop watering for a while and dry the soil with sand or any other material. Then the soil and plants are treated with fungicidal preparations. If the disease is already progressing, then diseased plants are destroyed, and the topsoil is completely replaced.

Phomosis or brown rot

The fungus that affects only the fruits begins to develop near the stalk. As a result, the pulp of the tomato is completely affected, although there can only be a small speck on the outside. If green fruits begin to fall on their own, you should check them for brown rot.

Prevention and control measures:

• it is not recommended to feed the plants with a large amount of nitrogen, which is contained in manure;
• polycarbonate greenhouses should be regularly ventilated;
• before planting seedlings, the soil must be disinfected;
• affected fruits are collected and destroyed.

Tomato disease in greenhouses, characterized by the defeat of all terrestrial parts of the plant. Its features include:

• ash-gray bloom, which covers the bush about ten hours after the appearance of weeping spots on the flowers and leaves;
• dry gray or brown spots appear on the stems at first, which eventually become wet and slimy.

The disease affects tomatoes after the onset of a cold snap at the end of summer. The fungus appears at the branching of the stems or in places where stepchildren break off. The reasons for its appearance are:

• violation temperature regime in a polycarbonate greenhouse;
• poor air ventilation.

The spores of the fungus can live in the soil for one to two years. When they appear, the affected parts of the plant must be immediately removed and destroyed. Preventive measures include:

• removal of stepsons and leaves in dry weather;
• it is recommended to water the plant some time after removing parts of the plant;
• spraying the bush with an infusion of garlic (30 grams per 10 liters of water), which should be infused for two days.

Sick tomatoes are sprayed with drugs - "Barrier", "Barrier", "Fundazol".

The disease caused by the fungus is called septoria. First, light round spots with dark edges appear on the lower leaves, and then on all the others. After a while, a black dot forms in their center. From the leaves, the fungus passes to the stems and petioles. Over time, the leaves turn brown and fall off. The fungus develops in the second half of summer with warm weather and high humidity.

Treatment of septoria:

• removal of all diseased leaves, even if only the tip remains on the bush;
• treatment of plants with preparations - copper chloride, "Horus", "Tsineb".

Tomato stem necrosis

Virus-infected soil or seeds can cause tomato necrosis. The greatest losses are observed if the seeds were infected. Symptoms of the disease:

• on well-developed stems during the formation of the first racemes, brown-brown, slightly depressed, elongated spots appear;
• after some time, cracks appear at the site of the spots, from which a white-cream liquid flows;
• the stems look healthy, and aerial roots form above the basal part;
• upper leaves darken and wither;
• a mesh consisting of light veins is formed on the fruits;
• tomatoes do not hold well and easily fall off when the bush is shaken.

Since the source of this tomato disease in the greenhouse is the seeds and remains of infected plants, planting material should be disinfected before sowing, and the garden bed should be cleaned and processed before planting seedlings.

For treatment, the drug "Baktofit" is used, after which the primary signs of the disease disappear. If the plants are wilted, it is removed, and the soil is treated with Fitolovina-300 solution.

Affecting tomatoes and bacteria that persist in the soil for a long time penetrate into the plant through damage. Pests can also infect crops. The affected bush can fade literally overnight. The inside of the stem becomes brown, empty and filled with liquid.

The development of the disease contributes to high humidity and temperatures above +30 degrees. Prevention measures include:

• weed control;
• cultivation of disease-resistant varieties;
• compliance with crop rotation;
• soil treatment with fumigators.

For prophylactic purposes, you can use drugs - "Fitolavin" and "Gamair". Still uninfected bushes are treated with these preparations, and diseased plants are removed and destroyed.

Mosaic

Tomato disease in the greenhouse and open field. It is manifested by the appearance of variegated colors on the leaves, and yellow spots form on the fruits. After some time, the leaves are deformed and wrinkled, and the fruits become smaller.

The tobacco mosaic virus is very resistant to the external environment, and it is almost impossible to cure the plant. Will only help correct agricultural technology and seed treatment before sowing:

• planting material is soaked for thirty minutes in saturated solution potassium permanganate;
• soil for seedlings is steamed at a temperature of 100 degrees for two hours;
• during growth, seedlings are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
• two-week-old seedlings are sprayed every two weeks with biostimulants and adaptogens;
• before planting tomatoes in the ground, all plant residues are removed from the garden;
• crop rotation is observed;
• since the virus is carried by pests, calendula and marigolds can be planted between plants to scare them away;
• all seedling boxes, tools and inventory are disinfected.

Diseased plants must be removed and burned. In this way, an epidemic can be avoided and the rest of the bushes can be saved.

A disease that affects only the fruits can be caused by a lack of calcium or irregular watering. Growing at high temperatures in a greenhouse, tomatoes may simply not absorb calcium, while there is enough of it in the ground. Therefore, plants should be regularly ventilated and watered in a timely manner. Top rot can also occur from an excess of nitrogen, which is abundant in manure.

Prevention and control measures:

• adding dolomite flour, ash or crushed egg shells to the soil;
• regular irrigation of the soil;
• for the purpose of prevention in the spring, a handful of chopped shells and onion peels can be added to the wells;
• in order for calcium to be absorbed, plant leaves are sprayed with a 1% solution of calcium nitrate;
• affected fruits are plucked and burned;
• bushes are treated with nitrate solution (for 10 liters of water - a tablespoon of calcium nitrate).

One of the most dangerous diseases of the tomato, the causative agent of which are rod-shaped bacteria. They breed in wet and warm conditions and die only at a temperature of +50 degrees.

There are several forms of this disease:

1. Leaves, stems and fruits are covered with spots and sores. In infected leaves, the vascular system darkens.
2. In seedlings planted in the ground, after about two weeks, the vascular system is affected, and the bushes begin to wither.

Non-motile bacteria can move to other bushes with the help of rain, wind or watering. A plant can become infected from seeds or soil in which bacteria live for several years. Therefore, planting material and soil must be disinfected. Diseased plants are uprooted and burned.

Fruits can crack when watering too dry soil at once with a large volume of water. Water quickly entering the tomatoes contributes to the rupture of their walls. To prevent this from happening, you must:

• moderately but regularly water the plants;
• spray tomatoes grown in a greenhouse in hot weather with a solution of lime.

Small cracks in the form of a "cat's face" may appear on the fruits. This means that pollination stimulants were used incorrectly or a lot of nitrogen was introduced into the soil.

Violation of the irrigation regime can lead to a condition of tomatoes, which is called oedema. There is swelling of the leaves at a time when the soil temperature is higher than the air temperature, and the humidity in the greenhouse is increased. On the stems and leaves appear similar to white mold raised spots. In some cases, the leaves begin to curl.

For preventive purposes, greenhouses should be regularly ventilated and, if possible, increase the air temperature.

Tomato pests

Insect pests to plants cause no less harm than various diseases. Therefore, you need to know them and study the measures to combat them.

The most common tomato pests:

1. Garden scoops are black or gray caterpillars, the activity of which is manifested at night. They damage plants, especially seedlings. To preserve the harvest, they are harvested by hand, they dig the soil deep before planting, and destroy weeds. If pests have already appeared, the bushes are treated with Strela.
2. Whiteflies are butterflies that lay their eggs on leaves. The larvae that emerge from them feed on the juice of the plant, which is why the tomatoes lose their strength and eventually die. Bushes are treated with a solution that is prepared from Bitoxibaccelin, Kondifor, Citcor or Phosbecid.
3. Wireworms - yellow caterpillars live in the ground and gnaw on the stems and roots of plants, which quickly die. Pests are destroyed by digging the soil. Their number will decrease if mineral fertilizers and lime are applied to the soil.
4. Aphids - green or black insects settle on the leaves of tomatoes, multiply rapidly and feed on the sap of the plant. To scare away aphids, you can plant coriander, lemon balm or garlic around the bushes. To destroy pests, use a tincture of pepper, cinnamon, tobacco or onion peel. In case of severe damage, tomatoes are treated with insecticidal agents.

Treatment of seeds, soil, crop rotation, preventive measures and proper care for tomatoes grown in a greenhouse will not allow them to appear on plants various diseases and pests. Seedlings and already adult plants must be monitored and, at the first sign of disease, the necessary measures should be taken. In this case, the tomatoes will be healthy and will please you with a good harvest.

By growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, vegetable growers can protect them from adverse climatic environmental factors. However, a limited space imposes its own characteristics and creates its own environment in it, which may well suit.

Whether your tomatoes will hurt or not depends on care.

By maintaining optimal conditions for the growth and development of a tomato plant, it is possible to achieve parameters that will make it impossible for the reproduction of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses.

However, in unregulated greenhouse structures, where there are no air conditioners and heating, it is difficult to lower or increase humidity and control these indicators, conditions for pathogens are sometimes created. In this case, the development of the disease is inevitable.

Diseases of tomatoes can be divided into:

• seedling period;
• flowering and fruiting period.

Why is the tomato sick?

Nature is so arranged that most pathogens are always found in the soil.

Since pathogens are constantly in the ground, the more limited space, then their manifestation on the plant depends on:

• plant immunity;
• virulence of the microorganism.

As soon as a stressful situation is created for the plant (high humidity, excessive dryness, drafts, air stagnation, excessive illumination, or vice versa), immunity drops and at this time microorganisms already freely penetrate into the cellular space of the tomato.

Maintenance optimal conditions growth and development in the greenhouse is main task agrarians.

If it is not possible to take control of the situation, then you should carefully examine the plants in order to respond in a timely manner to the introduction of the pathogen and prevent the loss of plants and crops.

What is sick seedlings

The seedling period is very important for a tomato. It depends on him whether the plant will show its genetic potential and whether it will produce a crop in a timely manner.

White spot on tomato seedlings.

During this period, the tomato can be affected by such diseases:

• Blackleg . This disease is known to many vegetable growers. The stem of the plant in a place just above the ground is covered with a black coating. Further, it becomes thin and the plant leans. It is very difficult to save such seedlings, and the one that survived develops slowly. To help the seedlings, you need to lower the humidity, remove all affected plants (this will improve ventilation) and treat what is left with a solution of potassium permanganate, preparing it at the rate of 1 g per 1 liter of non-cold water.

Black leg on tomato seedlings.

If the signs of the disease are noticed on time, then it is not difficult to eliminate the pathogen. For treatment, the preparations "Thanos 50" and "Revus 250 SC" are applicable. K.S.

Diseases of an adult tomato

Successfully grown and planted seedlings in a greenhouse do not guarantee a good harvest. On the way to ripening, tomato bushes lie in wait for:

• microscopic fungi;
• bacteria;
• viruses.

Each of these pathogens is ready to capture a tomato plant and “put it down” in a matter of days.

Only timely identification and diagnosis, as well as the measures taken, can make it possible to interrupt the chain of infection and stop the disease.

fungal diseases

These diseases are the most harmful and bring the greatest waste of commercial tomato to plants.

Among the most contagious are the following:

• Alternariosis . Alternaria fungus infects both seedlings and mature plant. In the open field, this disease is rare, but the greenhouse is the best place for the development of the pathogen. The leaf plate is covered with round spots. With increasing humidity, their number increases. The spores of the fungus also migrate to the fruits, but do not germinate until the fruits begin to ripen. Of the biological preparations, Trichodermin is applicable. For prophylactic purposes, starting from the end of May, it can be treated with “ Quadris», « Acrobat MC» The spraying interval should be kept within 14–16 days.

  

  The fungus first affects the leaves, then passes to the fruits.

• Cladosporiosis (olive blotch). The fungus infects the plant with the formation of brown, olive spots. Over time, they darken and merge, the foliage falls off, and the fruits enter the ripening stage without gaining the desired weight. The pathogen is very tenacious in the external environment and retains its virulence for up to 10 years. Applying effective means « Pseudobacterin-2», « Polyram», « Fitosprin-M», « HOM» « Abiga Peak”, you can quickly eliminate the pathogen.

  

  The main source of the disease are the remains of last year's plants.

• Ascochitosis(didimela). The fungus settles with pleasure both in film and glass greenhouses. It affects the stem, brown depressed spots appear on it with the release of "gum". The same spots affect the fruits, which stop growing and become mummified. To prevent further development of the disease, plants can be treated " Trichodermin" or " Polyram».

  

  The pathogen infects the stems, sometimes the leaf blade.

• Anthracnose. This fungus appears directly on the fruits and this is evidenced by dented spots. The fruits shrink and mummify. The disease is quite easy to stop by applying " Agate», « Novosil», « Quadris», « strobi».

  

  Usually the disease is activated at the end of the season.

• Tomato vertcilosis . Until recently, the disease affected a significant part of greenhouse tomatoes, but with the introduction of resistant varieties and hybrids, it has receded. and gradually dries up after the appearance of spots on it. The disease begins with the lower leaves, gradually moving to the upper ones. Control methods have not been developed, but the bred varieties allow you to completely get rid of the disease in the greenhouse.

  

  Verticillium wilt of tomatoes.

• . Several pathogenic fungi lead to the fact that the leaves are covered with a white coating. Initially, this is fraught with yellowing of the foliage, and then they turn brown, and the plant stops growing.

Preparations "Bactofit", "Bayleton", "Kvadris", "Topaz" are quite effective when processed in the early stages.

Bacterial diseases

Bacteria, developing on tomato vegetative organs, can cause no less harm than fungi.

Among the most dangerous diseases, the following can be considered:

In order to prevent bacteriosis when growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, it is recommended to carry out a three-time treatment with a 0.5% solution of the Abiga-Peak preparation.

Viral diseases

Typical signs of tobacco mosaic.

Viral diseases in the greenhouse also occur. They are more dangerous because there are no drugs with which you can prevent the death of plants and crop loss. Among the most dangerous for tomatoes are:

• Tobacco mosaic virus . The defeat of the pathogen reaches 50%. Plants lag behind in growth, and fruits may not form. The first symptoms appear on the leaves in the form of a multi-colored mosaic, and wrinkling.
• If this virus joins tomato aspermia virus , the disease is called streak. At the same time, the leaves of the sinuses do not develop, those that are are deformed, the plant becomes "hairy".

Symptoms of this disease may vary somewhat depending on external conditions and composition of the virus.

To solve the problem of viral diseases is possible only by the selection of resistant varieties.

Whatever the disease, you cannot fight it at home, folk methods. Decoctions and infusions of herbs cannot in any way affect the causative agent of the disease.

Varieties and hybrids resistant to diseases

Breeders are constantly working not only on the yield of a tomato plant, its shape, taste, but also on the resistance of varieties to various diseases.

Having built a greenhouse structure, one cannot surrender to chance and sow varieties and hybrids of the selection of the last century. The varietal tomato market is replenished annually with high-yielding, tasty, and most importantly sustainable new products.

Before prescribing resistance, a registration commission works on a variety, which checks varieties in all regions of the country. Only if the plant has resistance to certain diseases, this indicator is prescribed in the characteristics of the variety.

As an example, consider the following:

• « Partner Semko», « Khersones F1», « Ordynka» - extremely resistant to verticillium, fusarium, cladosporiosis and tobacco mosaic virus.
• « Semko 2010» Resistant to Fusarium, TMV, bacterial leaf spot.
• « Voyage F1» TMV, Alternaria, Bacteriosis, Fusarium.
• « Tick ​​F1» to tobacco mosaic virus and late blight damage.
• « Giolis F1» to blossom end rot and TMV.
• « Magnet F1» to top rot, as well as root, TMV and Fusarium wilt.

When choosing varieties and hybrids, you must carefully read the characteristics. If there are no indications of resistance, it is better to give preference to another tomato.

It should be noted that among tomatoes the most resistant are hybrids, and there is not a single variety that could stand in the same line in terms of disease resistance.