Motion sensors in smart home systems. Types of sensors in the "smart home" and their purpose

Automation sensors are structurally autonomous independent device, which changes its signal according to the monitored parameter. Sensors are placed directly at the place of information selection and perform the function of a primary converter of a certain (measured) quantity into an electromagnetic or electrical one. Then the received values ​​are transmitted further, informing the equipment about the action.

The most convenient means for converting and transmitting a signal is electric current. In this regard, sensors for Smart Homes are created and operate based mainly on the principle of changing their own electrical resistance under the influence of external factors.

Today, you can buy automation sensors that monitor the value of various parameters. These are sensors for humidity and vibration, movement, illumination, smoke and solar radiation, gas pollution, temperature, etc. Exist a large number of manufacturers providing products with different feature sets and price ranges.

Benefits of creating an automated Smart Home system

The Smart Home automation system is an innovative approach to the arrangement of residential and commercial premises. With the combination of sensors and equipment, it is possible to create functional and comfortable rooms for Everyday life and work.

Customer benefits when installing sensors for smart home:

• comfort - with the help of the equipment, automated control of climate, lighting of premises, etc. is carried out;
• safety - the installation of sensors for smoke, gas leakage, window breaking, flooding and other parameters allows you to timely warn of a possible danger, since the equipment will turn on a sound (siren) and / or light signal when a threat occurs;
• saving time - automation sensors are able to send commands to the equipment not only to turn on / off the light, but also to open the blinds, water the garden, ventilate the premises and other actions;
• energy saving - automated system Smart Home is able to adjust the brightness of the lighting, turn on and off the street lights, the heating system in a timely manner when a certain temperature in the premises is reached, etc.

With the installation of automation sensors, many everyday activities, albeit simple, but distracting with their fuss, fade into the background, freeing up a significant amount of time. These systems allow you to avoid many risks, such as flooding, smoke, etc. It is possible to program the equipment in such a way that it will create a complete illusion that the owners of the house are at the time of their departure, which significantly reduces the risk of interference from outside.

The price of automation sensors for a smart home has a wide range depending on the manufacturer, functionality, class of devices. Thanks to significant benefits systems, they pay off quickly enough. Our online store provides you with a wide selection of equipment; sale of sensors for smart home is carried out with the possibility of self-delivery, as well as delivery in Moscow.

Xiaomi "Smart Home" is an automated system that allows you to easily manage household appliances, it will create comfort in the house, make life easier for the consumer in many aspects. The company's products have a number of advantages:

• Xiaomi Smart Home Kit has compact dimensions;
• Attractive design that will be a spectacular addition to any interior;
• Availability and ease of use;
• Easy setup - even an inexperienced user will cope with the task;
• Connection of several devices is available;
• For control, you need a mobile device based on Android or iOS operating systems.

Xiaomi Smart Home

Original Xiaomi " smart House» includes several sensors, through which the user has the ability to control the system remotely. The gadget is able to assess the degree of illumination, shows the current air temperature, notifies the consumer about the movements observed in the house at the time of his absence.

smart kit Home Xiaomi Smart Home is equipped with the following elements:

• A sensor whose job is to process information and transfer it to the network;
• Motion detection sensor. By setting the element, the user can use the room lighting at any convenient time;
• Sensor designed to be mounted on a door or window;
• Wireless doorbell.

The Xiaomi smart home sensor kit can work in combination with other system elements, such as lamps, sockets, and more. The kit is easy to use, and it does not require the involvement of a specialist to install it.

Popular Smart Home products

Buy"Smart House"from Xiaomi can be combined with other devices. A webcam that shoots video in HD resolution is popular. With its help, you can track everything that happens in the room.

A smart socket allows you to remotely turn off appliances from the network. The device has a safety certificate and an attractive design.

One of the brightest products from the Chinese manufacturer is a smart lamp capable of displaying 16 million colors and shades. The device will decorate any home, provide comfort and, if necessary, create a romantic atmosphere.

Benefits of Xiaomi Smart Home

The manufacturer offers a large assortment accessories to create comfortable life. The Xiaomi Smart Home Kit, combined with other products, will become effective tools to ensure safety and comfort. Also, the Xiaomi smart home has a number of other advantages:

• Save time and money on utility bills. Now Xiaomi is monitoring the lighting on and off - a set of sensors for a smart home;
• A fresh look for recreation and entertainment. Leisure together with the system will become pleasant and interesting;
• You can watch what is happening in the house at any time, wherever the user is;
• A reliable watchman who will promptly notify its owner of extraneous movements in the house or apartment.

The manufacturer regularly develops and creates new products that can surprise consumers. The online store offers an impressive range of products to create a complete "smart" system. Implementation"Smart home"from Xiaomi is carried out by affordable prices!

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Today, there are many elements of an electricity control system - various, temperature, motion and sound sensors. Together with the internal electrical wiring of a house or apartment, they are able to automate the processes of turning on / off the light, heating, control the operation of some household appliances, taking into account time regimes. But it will not centralized system control, that is, you will not be able to control the light and other consumers from a single device.

That’s why the smart home system is good, because with it you can control all consumers connected to the wiring using one device - mobile (tablet, smartphone, remote control) and / or stationary (computer / laptop, system graphical interface). At the same time, all sensors and relays are also present in the system and perform power management in automatic mode.

In addition to elementary household consumers, an intelligent (smart) house can monitor and control communication systems, fire extinguishing, security alarms, telephone lines and many others, including utilities.

However, for complete control of household appliances, for example, regulation of air conditioner or refrigerator modes, the appliances themselves must have a special connector, through which they are connected to the electronic logic controller of the control system. Next, we will consider the basics that will give you an idea about the smart home system, its principle of operation and its constituent elements.

Components of a smart home system

First of all, it is worth noting that today there are many modifications and configurations in which the smart home control system can be implemented. Many manufacturers provide system kits with built-in Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth transmitters (communication modules) sewn into the controller, through which you can control the system wirelessly via a mobile device within an apartment / house.

A variety of smart home system architecture

There are modifications in which control takes place via the Ethernet interface (by wire, via); additional switches need to be connected to them and WiFi routers for wireless control if they are not built into the controller. As for the manual switches, they can also be connected to the central controller wirelessly or via electrical wiring. In general, there is a variety of equipment for a smart home system, and the system consists of the following elements:

• smart home controller (main and discrete input-output modulators);
• expansion and communication modules (switches, routers, GPS/GPRS modules);
• switching elements electrical circuit(relays, dimmers, power supplies);
• measuring devices, sensors and sensors (movement, temperature, light, etc.);
• system controls (remotes, touch panels, PDAs, tablets);
• actuators (valves for water, ventilation, gas, shutters, etc.).

When choosing equipment, it is also important to consider which protocol (method) of data transmission of the Smart Home system is used. For example, the common EIB \ KNX protocol uses computer networks, radio channels, power Electricity of the net. There is also the X10 protocol, which uses a home network for data transfer alternating current 230 V: The devices exchange the signal applied at the time of the AC zero crossing. Such signals are radio frequency pulses of 120 kHz, 1 ms duration.

What is a smart home controller?

A smart home controller is a device that manages all consumers, appliances, and also sends a report to the owner about the state of these consumers. It is guided by temperature, air, light sensors to control lighting, heating, air conditioning systems. Can be programmed to do various activities over time, according to a time schedule. In addition to the offline mode, the controller can be contacted via a special interface (computer network, mobile operator or radio network), and control the devices manually.

Appliances controlled by the smart home system controller

It is necessary to select the controller depending on how you want to build the architecture of the control system. For example, there are two types of governance system: centralized and decentralized. At the heart of the centralized control system is a single high-performance central controller that manages all consumers (devices) and engineering networks in home.

In the case of decentralized control, the smart home intelligent system consists of several simpler controllers, each of which has the functions of controlling a specific area - a room and all devices in it, separately lighting groups throughout the house, for a specific purpose household appliances etc. (regional controllers).

Central controller for a modern smart home system, it is a computer enclosed in a small plastic case, which has its own OS (operating system), RAM and many electronic components for switching (controlling) signals: electronic relays, terristor switches, etc.

One of the configurations of the central home controller of the smart home system (on-board wireless transmission module, USB, COM, Ethernet ports)

Also, depending on the configuration, there may be a built-in GSM module for remote control via mobile phone, Wi-Fi transmitter to control the system from anywhere in the house and a graphical touch or pushbutton interface (LCD screen). In addition, connectors for connecting to a computer and/or network equipment: Ethernet, USB.

Such a controller is able to control intelligent equipment such as refrigerators, microwave ovens, utilities, etc. (if such a function is provided in the equipment itself), even reporting to the owner such data as the temperature in the refrigerator, input-output calls telephone line and much more.

Regional controller , a discrete input-output modulator is a low-power logical electronic control unit that implements smart home technology (for comparison, the frequency of the microprocessor CK is about 500 MHz, the RK is about 50 MHz), as a rule, it does not have an operating system and is system-configurable. It can be configured for any elementary scenarios by time or by signals from certain sensors.

Programmable controller of the smart home system with an interface (connector for connecting to the network) Ethernet

He manages elementary tasks and events. For example, a light sensor connected to it gives a signal (when it gets dark); the controller sends a signal to the executive relay or group to control the lighting. It also notifies the owner of each action. In other words, a discrete I/O modulator is a kind of intelligent programmable electronic relay.

Such a device also consists of electronic components for network switching and an intelligent part: a microprocessor with memory. It (depending on the manufacturer and configuration) may have USB, an Ethernet interface and other ports for control, programming and reporting to the owner.

What are expansion and communication modules for a smart home system.?

Expansion modules are devices connected to the controller and expanding its functionality. To some extent, adapters, doubler-triples and measuring devices are also expansion modules. Such devices can be built into the controller, connected separately through a specially designed connector or a common Ethernet, USB and other interfaces. Due to the fact that manufacturers of smart home systems use various systems encryption of data transmission, when choosing an expansion module, it is important to pay attention to its compatibility if the controller is purchased from another manufacturer.

On the right - smart home system controllers with built-in wireless data transmission modules

Communication expansion modules for a smart home system, they are devices for transmitting data wirelessly or wired. The first include well-known Wi-Fi routers that connect to the controller in the same way as to a computer, via Ethernet or USB (there are also specially “sharpened” branded modules with their own connection system). Less commonly used are separately connected GSM/GPRS modules (since they are usually built-in), with the help of which the smart home system can communicate with the owner via SMS alerts to his phone number. There are modules for wireless communication Bluetooth (radio signal) and IR (transmission by means of an infrared beam).

GSM and Wi-Fi wireless communication modules; wired ethernet switch

For the wired method of expanding communication, switches are used - devices that connect several clients (computers, controllers and other intelligent devices) to one local network. They are required for the device. decentralized system smart home when there are several regional controllers, as well as to create common network with computers and other smart devices using the appropriate interfaces. With a long signal transmission distance, special digital amplifiers - repeaters - are used to amplify it.

Functionality expansion modules smart home systems have the most diverse functionality, and, as a rule, are connected to a common or special interface connector. They expand the list of controller functions, for example, the voice message module makes it possible to control the system using sound (voice) commands. It is also possible to make the smart home control system play audio messages (greetings, warnings, congratulations, etc.) on the speakers.

Expansion modules for controlling complex mechanisms, stepper motors, etc.

It is also worth noting the expansion of functionality by means of adapter modules, which can be used to achieve compatibility of various device standards. Special control modules are designed to control various specific devices (motors, door opening/closing mechanisms, ventilation valves, and much more) and electrical circuit switching elements. So, the smart home controller does not have power over power circuit breakers (plugs, circuit breakers), and when the machine control module is connected and controlled machines are used, the function of turning them on / off by means of the controller becomes available. To connect lighting controllers (dimmers - see below) to the smart home system, special expansion modules are also required.

What are the switching elements of the smart home system circuit.?

The concept of switching an electrical circuit should be understood as closing / opening it, as well as regulating voltage and other parameters electric current. Voltage regulators (lighting), converters / transformers, power supplies, circuit breakers and relays - all these are switching elements, without which the installation of a smart home system (as well as any electrically conductive system) cannot be performed. They may have built-in overload protection and short circuit and work, opening the circuit, thus performing a protective function.

A simple diagram of a smart home system with a controller, switching (control) elements of an electrical circuit and elementary consumers (in this case, lighting lamps)

Circuit breakers designed to protect electrical wiring from overload or short circuit. They are selected according to the power for which the electrical wiring line controlled by them is designed. For the smart home system, there are both ordinary manual and controlled circuit breakers.

The image shows simple single-pole circuit breakers.

The first have in their design a mechanism that, when heated due to overload, opens the circuit, and can also be turned off manually. Controlled machines have a special interface output to the control module, through which the main controller and the owner can control them remotely without looking into the control room at all.

Relays and relay blocks - these are power circuit control elements using a signal from the controller. The signal may look like a low power current, usually 24 V (again, there is no single standard, there is different systems and manufacturers) or other signal.

In the image - electromagnetic relays for controlling one and several lines of the power circuit

Unlike circuit breakers, relays do not have protection and the circuit closing / opening mechanism looks the opposite: when a control voltage is applied to the electromagnetic part, the latter activates the armature and closes the contacts of the power supply circuit (220 V) by mechanical influence. The most elementary relay for controlling one phase power line has three inputs and one output: zero and phase control of an electromagnet (24 V which), power phase input (220 V) from a protective circuit breaker and its output to the consumer.

Voltage regulators (lighting) are mainly used to control the supplied power and voltage for lighting fixtures. The basis of such regulators is a circuit element - a rheostat, a device for controlling lighting. For an ordinary power circuit, it is a mechanism with a slider enclosed in a box with the dimensions of a switch and also has an on / off function.

Dimmer controlled manually (right) and remotely controlled (left)

A new type of smart home control system for lighting groups contains a device called a dimmer (it is also connected to the controller through a special control module). This device is designed to control one or more lighting power groups and is controlled by the controller in automatic mode or remotely by the owner, which is convenient. Another advantage of the dimmer is that through it the controller can control the brightness of the lighting, guided by the data on the level of illumination received from the light sensors.

Power supplies, transformers, converters - these are devices of complex architecture that are designed to change the parameters of the electric current, if necessary, in a particular section of the circuit or throughout the circuit.

Power supply from 220 V to 12 V

They are used due to the fact that some consumers are designed for other current characteristics than alternating 220 V / 50 Hz, supplied at home in the CIS and Europe. For example, take the same lighting: there are special fluorescent, neon and other highly decorative lighting that operate on 10/12/24 V DC. In order to achieve such characteristics, a 220-10V, 220-12V, 220-24V power supply is mounted on the corresponding section of the circuit. Such devices can operate in one mode, for example 220-24V, or in all three of the above.

What are measuring devices, sensors and sensors in a smart home system.?

These devices are like organs of smell and touch for a person: they give an idea of ​​what is happening in the environment. Thanks to modern measuring instruments, sensors and sensors (of which the variety is very large today), the controller of the smart home system receives data on temperature, humidity, degree of illumination and atmospheric pressure outside and inside the room.

In the figure, sensors with elementary functions

There are instrumentation to monitor the condition engineering communications: pressure and accounting for water consumption and gas leakage with an electronic interface that allows you to transfer this data to an intelligent smart home system that will build reports and send them to the owner.

Gauges and sensors analog The traditional model uses low-voltage current up to 24 V, as a rule, as a data transmission, and small-section electrical wiring as a transmission medium. For example, the most elementary light sensor contains a photocell with an input and an output through which a low-voltage current phase passes. This photocell changes resistance when light hits it, thus giving different current parameters in different time days.

The figure shows elementary analog sensors that respond to household and carbon dioxide gases.

The controller receives these values, processes them and, accordingly, sends a signal to turn on / off groups of lighting fixtures, as well as control the lighting level (if a dimmer is available). A roughly similar system, only with different working elements, is available in temperature control sensors (based on their data, the intelligent home system controls heating), movement and noise (light, alarm), gas and water leaks (control of valves that shut off gas and water) and much more.

Sensors and sensors digital new generation have advanced functionality and are smart devices. For example, modern multifunctional motion sensors are capable of not only outputting data to the controller in two parameters: 1 (“yes”, there is movement) or 0 (“no”, there is no movement).

The figure shows a digital air humidity control sensor.

They are able to measure the distance from the sensor to a moving target, detect delays in the movement of an object, and much more. All this is processed by the microprocessor built into the sensor and fed to the controller in the form of digital signals. It is worth distinguishing sensors from control and measuring devices: sensors and sensors detect events, and control and measuring devices detect the physical quantities of the measured body, object (speed, weight, volume, etc.).

Instrumentation - these are more complex, unlike simple analog sensors, devices that contain new smart home technologies and control a wide range of parameters, provide them physical units measurements. Digital barometers, water and gas meters, the same voltage - all these are control and measuring devices.

Hot water temperature and flow control instrument

Unlike analog devices and sensors, modern digital ones have their own calculation system based on a simple microprocessor; they process signals and feed the data to the smart home controller in finished form, thereby partially unloading its processor. Digital instrumentation and sensors use a dedicated interface as the communication medium.

What are the elements and methods of managing a smart home system?

The control of the intelligent (smart) home system can be done in three ways: wireless local, remote wireless, wired local, remote wired. Control devices are included with the system - these are graphic control panels with touch or push-button input, remotes with receivers tuned to a certain frequency. Devices not included in the package, such as mobile compact computers (smartphones, tablets) are configured using special software for remote control via worldwide information networks.

The smart home system can be controlled by remote control, control panel and mobile devices

Wireless local control method with a limited radius is made using control devices via a local (local) radio signal, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth wireless radio networks. In principle, in this way you can control the system from anywhere in the house and even while being on personal plot nearby. However, in big houses, you may need additional radio points, wireless signal amplifiers. Control is carried out by consoles, touch panels, mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, laptops) that have a built-in or externally connected transmitter of one or another WiFi networks, Bluetooth or proprietary RF signal.

On the tablet screen software for monitoring indicators and devices connected to the smart home system

Wireless remote way management available if the smart home system has been installed to global networks or communication expansion modules that provide access to them. These networks include GSM / GPRS (control by means of mobile communications), Mobile Internet, a special dedicated radio signal. The presence of access to the GSM / GPRS network allows the system to send SMS, MMS and voice messages to the phone number of the owner of the house. It is also theoretically possible to control via the voice menu. Tools for managing smart home systems via global networks are, as a rule, smartphones, as well as tablets and laptops with built-in transmitter modules for mobile Internet.

Wired local control method , depending on the data transfer protocols used for the smart home system, it may have data transfer media over a twisted pair (computer network cable), electrical wiring(system protocol X10) or some other cable. In each regional and central controller, the smart home control system provides an output for wired communication with control devices, as well as information exchange with other smart devices that are “subordinate” to it. If there are several devices, then the interface is expanded using a switch (see "communication expansion modules" above), creating several branches. For the wired local control method, the control panels and switches (button and touch) that come with the kit and separately are used, and it can also be controlled via a computer or laptop connected to the cable.

Touch control panel for the smart home system, combined with an intercom

Wired remote control method smart home systems - this is a network larger than the local one, that is, the house is controlled from the outside via a laid cable connected to the internal control network. As a rule, this method of control is used in the management of automated processes of buildings. In general, for home use of this (management of systems through regional conductor networks) you do not need to know.

What are the actuators of the smart home system.?

Unlike relays, which can partly be called executive elements (giving a command - the relay closes / opens the circuit), actuators controlled by smart equipment for the smart home system are complex electromechanical products, devices designed to test high mechanical loads.

On the image, you can observe objects that can have built-in actuators of the smart home system

The working body of more complex devices (drives for opening / closing gates, blinds, etc.) is an engine, for less complex devices (valves, locks) - a core driven by an electromagnet. Most are controlled from low-voltage current up to 24 V inclusive, but there are also high-power drives rated for 220 V.

Electromechanical opening/closing drives gates, gates, doors, windows, blinds and curtains; electromechanical parts built into the furniture, making it motorized. In the kit, they can have a connection interface and a remote control.

The girl controls the window mechanism of the smart home system using a wireless remote control

Advanced drive models have elementary systems automated control: built-in sensors and setting options for speeds and extreme opening/closing positions. Today, most often there are autonomous drives for curtains and blinds that are not controlled by an intelligent smart home system: controlled from an infrared transmitter remote control and having no connection with a smart home controller. However, such devices are also considered separate elements smart home.

Low, medium and high pressure is more simple mechanisms For driving water networks(including fire extinguishing), gas pipes and ventilation. Valves are used in control systems: gas - in gas control systems, water - control of water supply, flood prevention and fire extinguishing.

The image shows a water valve controlled by a smart home system.

Very good for health, and it is worth noting the system ventilation valves, which is triggered by sensors carbon dioxide(CO2). The system weathers the gas harmful to humans and creates a favorable microclimate. Such elementary mechanisms include electromagnetic locks and other elements of access control to the premises that are part of the smart home security system. Such devices basically do not have microprocessors, they have only two positions: open and closed.

If you decide to implement a "smart home" system, then you probably raised the issue of automating the microclimate control. Auto power on air conditioning when it gets hot, or turn it on when the air is too dry - sounds good, right? But the automation system needs to collect indicators current state air. For this, there is a special temperature and humidity sensor Xiaomi temperature sensor.

Of course the usual mercury thermometers will not soon sink into oblivion, and modern electronic sensors not so widespread, but, without a doubt, the future belongs to modern gadgets. What can a regular thermometer do? Show temperature. And what else can you want from a thermometer, it performs its function, and okay.

And what can the Xiaomi temperature sensor do?

First, it is a temperature and humidity sensor. Accordingly, it can show twice as much information as a conventional thermometer. But, of course, this is not its main advantage. First of all, the sensor can be connected to the "" system, monitor the readings remotely and use these readings in.

And knowing the temperature is sometimes very important. For example, at home, when a child is sleeping in a room, the temperature should be constant. Or in the server room, when the air conditioner is vital for the servers.

Xiaomi temperature and humidity sensor appearance

A round tablet made of matte white plastic, 3.5 centimeters in diameter and a centimeter high, with a thermometer icon in the center. At the bottom there is an air intake hole, and at the top there is a pairing button. There is a blue LED indication to help you when pairing the device.

The sensor is powered by a CR2032 battery. To replace the battery, turn the back cover 10 degrees counterclockwise.

Full specifications of the device:

Xiaomi temperature sensor specifications

Despite the fact that the temperature range is clearly designed for the street, the instructions indicate that the sensor can only be used indoors. This is due to the lack of protection against moisture, i.e. even light rain can render the sensor unusable.

Since the temperature sensor uses the protocol, it needs one of the . Without it, he will not be able to show you the temperature.

Connecting a temperature sensor in the MiHome application

We connect the device according to the standard scenario: go to and click on adding a new device manually. Following the instructions, hold down the temperature sensor button for 5 seconds, then release it. The indicator should blink 3 times in blue, and a female voice from the gateway will notify you of a successful connection.

Standard, for connecting sensors, setting the name and location:

After connecting, place the sensor in the desired location. You can either stick it on the wall or just put it anywhere. It is only necessary to take into account that the place is dry and inaccessible to moisture. Of course, we will want to place the sensor outdoors, and if you have private house, then we attach it to the porch under the roof and do not worry. And so who is much for that, someone cuts out the bottom plastic bottle and a sensor covers it, someone cut a tennis ball and put the sensor inside. Here you need to approach each case individually.

And now let's go to the sensor plugin, you can find it by going to the gateway, devices and there we find the temperature sensor. Depending on the state environment, the background in the temperature sensor plugin changes color:

In the plugin settings, you can configure the notification to be sent when the indicators go beyond the comfortable ones, for this you need to activate the corresponding setting:

The dynamics of temperature and humidity changes can be viewed on the graph. You can build a schedule for a day, week or month:

Scenarios for Xiaomi temperature and humidity sensor

Depending on the sensor readings, scripts can be run. There are 4 actions available in total:

1. If the temperature is higher than the set value;

2. If the temperature is below the set value;

3. If the humidity is higher than the set value;

4. If the humidity is below the set value.

The threshold value is set by you when setting up the scenario:

Almost any action can be attached to the script, from simply sending an alert to turning on the stove or air conditioner. Together with additional sensors, scenarios can be complicated. For example, turn on a humidifier at low humidity only if the window is closed.

With any automation, you can’t call a smart home if it doesn’t even know the temperature and humidity interior spaces, so if you do not already have a temperature and humidity sensor, then you should consider purchasing one.

Buy Xiaomi temperature sensor

Like all Xiaomi smart home devices, the temperature sensor is easiest to order with delivery at the FoxPox.ru store for 850 rubles (for Moscow). Or order with or .

Thanks to various sensors, the operation of smart home systems will become more convenient.

However, in order for the devices to function effectively, it is necessary to carefully approach their selection and configuration of operation parameters.

When selecting, installing and configuring motion (presence) sensors, potential users face a number of difficulties.

So, buyers not only confuse terms or types of sensors, but sometimes they have a poor idea of ​​what functions certain devices perform.

Motion sensor or presence sensor

Motion Sensor monitors movements in the controlled part of the house (sensitivity zone), while infrared detectors are most often used. At the same time, a built-in photosensitive element registers the level of illumination, and if the latter is insufficient, the device turns on the light.

Presence sensor equipped with more advanced optical system and is able to detect even the slightest movement (such as turning pages).

This more accurate and expensive device is equipped with a light level recorder.

In addition, there are hundreds of varieties of sensors (for example, one of the longest product lines of B.E.G. has more than two hundred models).

As practice shows, installing the “best” (that is, the most expensive in the series) device does not solve the problem.

What to do?

Sensor selection options

The last parameter is the load power, determined by the number of connected lamps or other devices.

Sensor type. Models are available for dry, wet and cold environments (e.g. garages) as well as for outdoor installation.

A separate type - devices of narrowly directed action for corridors, galleries and other elongated premises. Some occupancy detectors are equipped with multiple output circuits, one for lighting and the other for example for an exhaust fan.

Finally, there are presence sensors for bathrooms.

They are equipped with a sound sensor: by the sound of water, the device understands that the owners are in the bathroom. In this case, the light will not go out, even if the storms are retracted and there is no movement. There are also sensors.

Mounting options for sensors.

In addition to the standard ones, sensors for mounting in dropped ceilings(for example, B.E.G. has such models).

This installation option allows you to mount devices flush. Externally, such a sensor is difficult to distinguish from a halogen lamp. Installation. Can be ceiling and wall. The last way often used in rooms with too high ceilings (optimal height placement of most ceiling models - 2-3 m).

Before installation, the sensor must be configured. The body of the product has one or more regulators.

With their help, the illumination level (the threshold value at which the device is triggered), the sensitivity level, the response delay time and special operating modes are set, for example, when the light is only turned off by the sensor, and lights up when the key switch is pressed.

In the same way, you need to adjust the viewing angle of the device. For this purpose, overhead plastic curtains are provided in the kit - the so-called signal cutoff filter. The required viewing angle for the sensors is set by removing a part of the shutter, unnecessary plastic is manually broken out along the notches.

Consideration should be given to the maximum permissible load, that is, the number of devices switched on by the sensor command.

Modern LED and fluorescent lamps(unlike incandescent lamps) have an unpleasant feature - they create a very large starting load on the connecting device, due to which the presence sensor may simply burn out.

Optimum load on the connecting wiring accessories(sensors and dimmers) for LED lamps should be 2-3 times smaller rated power loads. In practice, this means that if the sensor is rated for 300 V. then general power LED lamps connected to it does not exceed 150 V.

On a note:

Motion and presence sensors must be installed in such a way that they are not triggered by cars driving along the street or other false signals.

Note: unusually smart doors

The simplest electronic access control system consists of two devices - locking (electromagnetic or electromechanical lock) and a reader. The reader receives the data from the plastic card and opens the lock.

Such doors are installed everywhere in offices, industrial buildings, hotel complexes and residential buildings. Programmatically, the question of the time of access to the premises, the number of visits can be resolved.

But the card code, although it is individual, can be considered fake, and the card can be stolen. Then door manufacturers went further, and biometric detectors were born that recognize a fingerprint, scan the retina, and identify a voice. Smart doors can be integrated with security and video surveillance systems.

It provides additional features- for example, forwarding to your email photos of people coming to the door, with a specific date and time of visit. The day is not far off when a door from afar will automatically recognize its owner and greetly swing open in front of him.

Important: great importance has a lock. If it is unreliable, then, having at least a hundred levels of protection, the design will not be able to provide the necessary security.

The "smart" door is equipped with a cylindrical locking system, protected from opening by any methods - unlocking, selection of keys, drilling, blasting. In case of illegal attempts to enter the protected area, the system will notify the intruder that the object is under protection. Often such a warning is enough to scare off the perpetrator. In addition, the owner will be notified of all attempts to penetrate the host via SMS. If the offender tries to turn off the radio signal, this will also become known thanks to the monitoring station, which continuous mode controls the environment.

Note: Smart windows and how they work

Modern windows can open according to a given program, close in the rain, adjust their light transmission, noise level and indoor temperature.

Currently, handles are gaining popularity among smart window devices that maintain the set temperature in the room by signaling the air conditioning system when the window is opened - as a result, the air conditioner is temporarily turned off. These window handles can be controlled remotely through a special application on a computer or mobile device. Smart handles can be installed on both new and existing windows.

Systems automatic ventilation- like MACO's Window-Matic, which is programmable for up to one month, allow you to open and close windows at a predetermined time. The functionality of such systems can be increased by installing additional touch sensors, thanks to which the sashes will automatically close in case of strong gusts of wind or rain.

Via modern windows You can adjust the lighting in the room. This has become a reality thanks to electro-chromic glasses (developed by NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, American National Renewable Energy Laboratory), the transparency of which changes depending on the voltage applied to them. The Dutch company Peeg+ has gone further and offers glass with a photovoltaic coating (Smart Energy Glass - SEG), which can not only change its transparency, but also accumulate solar energy. Scientist Sarbajit Banerjee of the University at Buffalo proposed coating glass with tungsten doped with vanadium oxide (V205).

Vanadium oxide can change its lattice structure depending on temperature, undergoing a so-called phase transition. At temperatures below +32°C, this compound is a semiconductor that does not transmit infrared radiation, but does not absorb it either. With more high temperatures the crystal lattice changes, the compound becomes a conductor and begins to absorb infrared radiation. Therefore, when strong heat glass with such a coating, it can work as a cooler, absorbing excess heat.

A few years ago, Samsung unveiled to the public its nano-designed Transparent Smart Window, which is a 46-inch LCD panel with a resolution of 1,366 x 768 pixels and a contrast ratio of 500: 1.

Conventional LCD panels have a transparency of 5%, a Transparent Smart Window - 15-20 %.

This makes it possible to use the panel as a window. By controlling the device using widgets, you can make the window transparent, “close the blinds”, use the Smart Window as a regular touchscreen for “computer” tasks, and watch videos.

During the day, an external light is used as a backlight; at night, the built-in LED backlight turns on.

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