Chemical (hydrochemical) cleaning of pipelines of hydraulic systems for various purposes. Saving technology for housing and communal services - hydrochemical flushing

Gradual corrosion of metal inner surface pipes and radiators in the heating circuit, crystallization of salts in the coolant, lead to clogging of the heating system and reduce its overall efficiency.

Regular flushing of the heating system with the removal of foreign particles from the heating circuit will help prevent this.

For normal functionality, nothing should interfere with the movement of the coolant through the channels built for it.

There are several symptoms that a large amount of debris has accumulated inside the heating circuit, and scale has settled on the walls of the pipes. There are no obvious visual signs of clogging of the heating system.

You can diagnose it by carefully monitoring the operation of the entire system and the appearance of a number of indirect signs:

• warming up the system takes longer than before (for autonomous heating systems);
• the operation of the boiler is accompanied by sounds uncharacteristic for it;
• increased consumption of gas or electricity;
  temperature in different parts radiators varies significantly;
• radiators are noticeably cooler than supply pipes.

However, weak or uneven heating of the batteries is not always a sign of clogging. Perhaps they were airing. In such a situation, it is enough to reset the air lock through.

Without regular flushing of heating systems, pipes become overgrown, their flow area decreases, resulting in an increase in hydraulic resistance

In houses with a centralized heating system, flushing must be carried out by employees of the heating company. In a private house, this procedure is carried out by the owners or invited specialists.

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So, for example, in systems district heating the coolant must go through a water treatment cycle, which reduces the degree of pollution. True, this rule is not always followed. And the system itself is often in operation for the third or fourth decade, and the amount of garbage circulating inside increases every year.

But how for centralized networks, and for , it is recommended to flush annually. Which, by the way, is confirmed by the requirements building codes. It is this period that is considered critical for the accumulation of the amount of debris inside the circuit, which significantly reduces the efficiency of work.

If the system is not flushed before the start of the heating season, the pipeline becomes clogged, appliances and heating equipment fail prematurely

Options for flushing heating systems

Depending on the degree of clogging of the heating system, the volume and length of the circuits, several options for flushing heating systems can be implemented:

• mechanical;
• hydrochemical;
• hydrodynamic;
• hydropneumatic;
• electrohydropulse.

The first two methods do not require sophisticated equipment and can be carried out without problems. on their own. The rest of the methods assumes the appropriate level of technical equipment of the performers. Therefore, for their implementation, you will either have to rent equipment, or invite specialists who perform such work.

Batteries accumulate solid particles that precipitate, which can be removed by mechanical cleaning and further flushing. clean water from the tap

But in any case, there are certain rules for flushing autonomous or central heating systems, failure to comply with which will make the procedure ineffective. Next, let's talk in detail about each of the cleaning options, so that the effect of the procedure is maximum.

Method # 1 - mechanical flushing

It should be noted right away that such flushing is focused, first of all, on cleaning radiators from accumulated dirt, and to a lesser extent from scale on the inner surface of the circuit. Shut-off valves, expansion tank and, if it is built into the system, it will have to be cleaned separately.

Before starting flushing, care should be taken to ensure that the spent, during the cleaning process, goes out in a minimum amount. It is necessary to start the procedure by closing the valves that limit the flow of coolant into the circuit.

If the procedure is carried out in a high-rise building, then the valves are usually located in the basement of the house. In a private house, the valves are closed before and after the boiler.

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The next step is to drain the coolant from the circuit. This can be done either through the drain valve, which was originally installed during the installation of the system. If there is no such tap, then draining is done by unscrewing the plug on the radiator located below or farthest from all the others.

It is most convenient to discharge the coolant through a hose connected to drain cock and brought to the toilet or other plumbing fixture connected to the sewer. Mechanical cleaning will be more effective if you first dismantle the batteries and clean the pipes separately.

When dismantling the system for flushing and cleaning mechanically more convenient to use universal tool- pipe wrench

The procedure for dismantling radiators from different materials essentially no different. But in any case, you should prepare a container for draining the remaining coolant. To carry out the procedure itself, you will need keys of the appropriate size. To unify the process, it will be useful to have a pipe wrench in the arsenal - the “butt”.

Depending on which one, the dismantling procedure is also different. In any case, the radiator has an inlet and outlet for the coolant. In the process of dismantling, we release the union nuts connecting the radiators with pipes. On the first one or two turns of the nut, you must be prepared for the fact that the remaining water will begin to ooze from the connection. We collect it with a rag.

After the looseness of the untwisted joint " pipe-radiator» increases, we collect the flowing coolant into a container - a basin, a trough or something similar. At the same time, we carefully monitor that the coolant does not leak to the lower floor.

Flushing of heating devices can be carried out without dismantling the system. Cleaning is carried out with a hydraulic or pneumatic ram, exposure to chemical solvents or electrical impulses

After dismantling the radiator, we take it out either into the yard or into the bathroom. At the same time, we cover the plumbing from damage enamel coating thick fabric, which is then not a pity to throw away. or baths must be covered with a mesh to prevent clogging of the siphon and sewerage.

Mechanical cleaning of the radiator can be done with a cable, similar to the one used to clean the sewer. We carry out the same procedure with pipelines. However, for a network with big amount turns mechanical flushing will be difficult.

After the cleaning of the batteries and pipelines is completed, we proceed to flush them with water. We wash the radiators in the same place in the bath or in the yard, directing a jet of water from a hose inward.

For flushing pipes, it is more convenient to use hoses with adapters. They allow hermetically docking hoses for supplying water to the heating circuit and for draining it into the sewer. Flushing the heating system with water is carried out until it becomes clean at the outlet.

Draining fluid from heavy cast iron radiator better done together

After flushing the radiators and pipes, you can repeat the mechanical cleaning procedure. To make the procedure more efficient, it is better to insert the cable in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the coolant.

This is done so that the “flakes” that have settled in the direction of movement are torn off as a result of mechanical contact. If there is less dirt in the outflowing water than during the first round of cleaning, then the procedure is effective.

Method # 2 - hydrodynamic cleaning

When choosing this method of cleaning systems, the procedure will require special equipment. Water in this case is not supplied from a tap using a conventional hose, but from a high-pressure pump.

Sometimes, during hydrodynamic flushing, the pump is connected to the gap in the heating circuit as far as possible from the discharge point dirty water. But more often a special hose with a trailer is used for these purposes.

The design of the end nozzle has holes of small diameter. Through them the water under the high pressure is coming out.

It is the accentuated effect of water jets supplied under pressure that makes it possible to effectively deal with mud and salt deposits. The supply hose can be deliberately stopped at potentially problem areas for more efficient cleaning.

For the production of flushing the heating circuit in a hydrodynamic way, equipment is required that can create required pressure water. The disadvantage of the method is that it helps to free the system only from water-soluble substances.

When selecting a hose for hydrodynamic flushing, it must be taken into account that with sufficient rigidity it is possible to apply pressure further from the inlet. True, at the bends of the pipes of the heating system, such a hose is problematic to move further.

Therefore, when carrying out hydrodynamic flushing using a hose, it will be necessary to sequentially open the heating circuit in several places to supply water to all points.

Method # 3 - chemical flushing of the system

Flushing can also be performed without mechanical intervention. For these purposes, there are either ready-made chemical compounds, or solutions that are easy to prepare handicraft. Dismantling of heating radiators is not required.

The figure shows sections of the pipeline before (left) and after (right) the application of a chemical solution to clean the heating system. The hydrochemical method of cleaning consists in the action of aqueous solutions of various solvents on the inner surface of the pipeline, instruments, fittings

The disadvantage of chemical washing is the prohibition of the use for washing aluminum radiators and in in large numbers caustic solutions that require disposal in specially designated areas.

If the heating circuit is not very clogged, then for its preventive flushing it is quite possible to use:

• caustic soda;
• vinegar;
• available acids (phosphoric, orthophosphoric and others);
• whey and others.

But it is better to use specially designed formulations for these purposes. Their packaging will not only indicate the recommended use case (, nature of pollution, etc.), but also detailed instructions by application.

Orientation to the instruction will allow not only to use the composition as efficiently as possible, but also with least cost clean the heating system.

Before starting a chemical flush, carefully read the instructions on the reagent package. All instructions of the manufacturer of the cleaning agent must be followed exactly.

It is recommended to maintain the time intervals of the reagents as accurately as possible. At the same time, in autonomous systems don't forget to include circulation pump to ensure even distribution of the "activated" coolant.

To carry out this type of flushing, it is useful to have at its disposal a pump with a capacity - a booster. In order to connect it to the system, it is necessary to organize a gap in the circuit. This can be done, for example, by disconnecting the direct flow from the boiler to the heating circuit. Also, a tap must be provided in the circuit to dump the used reagent.

With the help of a booster, you can flush not only the entire heating system, but also its individual components

In order for the destruction of scale on pipes and radiators to be uniform, after pumping the reagent, we leave it in the system for a period of several hours to several days. The main disadvantage of this cleaning method is the possible negative effect of the active substance on the surface of the pipes. Therefore, after processing the system, we rinse it with clean water.

A more gentle, but similar in action, method of cleaning the pipes of the heating system from overgrowth is dispersed cleaning.

In this case, a reagent is introduced into the system, which acts exclusively on the settled particles. In this case, the metal remains without negative impact. And the procedure itself is similar to chemical cleaning.

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Method #4 - hydropneumatic cleaning

One of the most effective and harmless to equipment cleaning options for accumulated dirt is flushing the heating system. hydropneumatic method. Its essence lies in the supply of air under high pressure into the heating circuit.

Air is supplied to the circuit by a compressor. In this case, turbulent flows are created inside the pipelines with a large kinetic energy. Due to this, there is a breakdown of growths from the inner surface and the washing out of accumulated dirt from the radiators.

Turbulent flows do not pass through the heating circuit constantly, but from time to time in the form of short-term impulses. These impulses are generated by air gun. The connection of the compressor to the circuit is carried out through check valve. This will prevent water from entering the compressor.

Pressurized air can be supplied through the inlet (outlet) of one of the radiators or a hose can be connected instead of a plug

For flushing, we block the flow of coolant into the circuit. Then turn on the compressor air gun. If flushing is performed without dismantling the radiators, then on the farthest radiator we unscrew the plug and connect the garbage disposal hose through the adapter and bring it into the toilet.

The first air supply to the system should be done in the direction opposite to the direction of circulation of the coolant. A repeat procedure can be performed by changing direction (reversing the hoses for supplying pressure and dumping debris).

Can hydropneumatic Flushing should be carried out with the dismantling of radiators. It will be more troublesome, but also more efficient. Then it is better to take the batteries outside and rinse there.

After the end of the flushing procedure, we connect the circuit to the boiler and let it into the coolant pipeline. Those debris that is in the system will be washed out with water.

Then briefly block the flow of coolant, undock drain hose and put the plug back in place. Now you can start the system to work.

A coaxial cable as a full-fledged generator of electrical impulses can be fed into a heat exchanger of any type and into a system of almost any diameter and configuration

Method #5 - electrohydropulse technique

The operation of this flushing method is based on the use of electrical impulse energy, which is aimed at destroying salts that have settled on the walls of pipelines. It is effective precisely for such a fight against such clogging of heating systems. The pipes themselves are not affected.

Which option for flushing the system to choose and how exactly to perform the procedure - with the involvement of specialists or on your own - it all depends on the characteristics of the dwelling and the capabilities of its owner, as well as the option chosen and the availability, if necessary, of special equipment

A special apparatus is used to generate an electrical impulse. A coaxial cable is connected to it, at the opposite end of which a discharge is formed, the shock wave from which destroys scale on the inner surface.

After that, the system is washed with clean water to remove foreign particles separated from the surfaces.

Carrying out the cleaning of the system by the electric pulse method of cleaning requires the presence of special equipment. But its efficiency is quite high and there is no need to disassemble the system for flushing. At the same time, unlike chemical cleaning, all slag can be poured into the sewer without hesitation.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 Application efficiency hydropneumatic flushing radiators can be estimated by the amount of dirt thrown out:

Video #2 Subtleties of execution chemical type flushing heating system are set out in the following plot provided by the owner of a private household:

Any of the considered options for flushing heating systems is not an overly complicated procedure. With some experience in plumbing work and, in some cases, special equipment that can be rented, this operation can be done by hand.

Nothing affects the quality of water transported through pipelines like the condition of the pipes themselves. Dirty and rusty pipes water supply is a global problem. Replacement steel pipes on pipes made of alternative materials helps only partly. But not only dirty pipes can be a source of contamination of tap water. Owners of private houses, cottages, as well as boarding houses, holiday homes, shopping and office centers, etc., who receive water from their own wells, very often complain about tap water, although its quality immediately after the filters is confirmed by additional tests.

The reasons for this unpleasant phenomenon are quite diverse, but most often it is:

• small water intake (stagnation of water in pipes), or too large intake, when the water treatment equipment cannot cope with filtration and insufficiently purified water enters the taps,
• proliferation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide,
• contamination of the hot water boiler with deposits washed off during circulation from the internal surfaces of the pipeline and heated towel rails, decomposition of the magnesium anode. Deposits accumulate on the bottom and walls of the boiler, which quickly leads to intensive reproduction of thermotolerant bacteria, and, as a result, intensive the smell of hydrogen sulfide,
• if the water treatment equipment is installed on a piping system including a domestic hot water tank that has already been in operation (even a short time) with untreated water.

Dirty, rusty pipes, heat exchangers and boilers clogged with scale are not only a source of water pollution, but also a cause of violation of hydraulic and thermal regimes, since internal fouling of pipes and heat exchange surfaces leads to a decrease in the flow area up to its complete blockage and interruption of the water supply to the points of water intake or heat dissipation. In the latter case, there is only one way out - the replacement of pipes or heat exchangers, which is often associated with partial destruction and subsequent restoration. building structures and high financial costs.

Deposits in pipes and heat exchangers due to calcium and magnesium salts contained in water, iron oxide deposits, bacterial growth are the most common problems encountered in everyday life and in industry. Scale creates a large thermal resistance heat flow, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the coolant and a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the heating system, a decrease DHW temperature. This means that the heat transfer and the throughput of the pipes are reduced. The temperature both in the premises and in the hot water pipes drops, and to increase it, it is necessary to increase fuel costs at boiler plants, and in private houses, gas consumption for heating water increases.

The method of hydrochemical flushing with the help of special means.

Flushing of heat and water heating equipment and pipelines for drinking and household purposes is carried out only by those permitted for specific use reagents certified by the SanEpidnadzor of the Russian Federation are absolutely safe for the integrity of equipment (gaskets, taps, etc.), do not affect the material of pipelines (steel, galvanized steel, metal-plastic, plastic), because wash out only deposits inside the pipes.

The undoubted advantages of the method of hydrochemical flushing include the speed with which a positive result is obtained with minimal inconvenience for the owners of private houses and cottages, because. in one cycle, the circuits of the hot, cold water supply and water heating equipment (boilers and hot water boilers).

Works on flushing pipelines and water heating equipment are carried out without draining the system (which is especially important for heating), and regardless of the season.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW:

Heating systems in which some kind of antifreeze is poured as a coolant - when replacing antifreeze with water, the heating system and the boiler in without fail must be washed with the use of special means.

If not done high-quality washing, you may encounter such a phenomenon as “noise” in the boiler and heating system - these are antifreeze residues that foam and cause these phenomena. In some cases it happens emergency shutdown boiler (as a rule, at the most “inopportune moment”).

To reduce the effects of oxygen corrosion and hardness deposits on heat transfer surfaces in the heating system, we recommend using corrosion and hardness inhibitors.

The use of softened water as a coolant does not eliminate such a problem as oxygen corrosion, therefore, in such heating systems, it is also necessary to add corrosion inhibitors as a corrosion prevention. The amount of inhibitor depends on the volume of the system, but on average 5% is enough for the entire volume of the system, about 1-2% of the agent is added once a year (this depends on the volume of the heating system replenishment during the year).

Important! Before installation or immediately after installation of new water treatment equipment, it is recommended to flush the DHW, cold water piping system and the boiler to eliminate the appearance of unpleasant odors in the water

To solve the problems faced by users of water heating equipment during its operation, we offer:

1. Water analysis (including express on-site analysis)
2. Comprehensive survey of hot and cold water supply systems,
heating and existing water treatment system
3. Selection of the necessary reagents for flushing (depending on the nature of deposits and pipe material)
4. Flushing the system, with a guarantee effective removal deposits
5. Development of recommendations for increasing the efficiency of water treatment
6. Subscriber service (constant monitoring of the state of systems
and timely troubleshooting).
7. Protection of pipelines and water heating equipment of the system drinking water supply from corrosion and scale preparation " Sikvest".
8. Protection of pipelines and water-heating equipment of heating, cooling and air conditioning systems against corrosion and scale with the SPV preparation.
9. Disinfection of pipelines with the preparation "Dezavid".
10. Consultations on the selection of equipment and reagents for water treatment.

Chemical (hydrochemical) cleaning of pipelines hydraulic systems for various purposes

The main cause of failures in the operation of hydraulic systems is a variety of mechanical impurities in the oil (and other working fluids), which disable the spools (jamming or gradual abrasion of the working surfaces). Therefore, during the operation of the hydraulic system, the purity of the oil is the main condition for trouble-free operation. Although the operation of the hydraulic system involves its periodic shutdowns and openings, their number depends on the cleanliness of the pipes at the commissioning stage.

A still existing and fairly common method of cleaning the internal surfaces of pipes is the so-called “etching” of pipes in an acid bath.

However, this method of pipe cleaning does not give a 100% guarantee of the cleanliness of the internal surfaces after the installation of the system, because. during the installation process, inevitable contamination with both mechanical impurities and secondary corrosion occurs (especially for ferrous steels).

The degree of cleanliness of pipes will be much more effective if you carry out pre-start cleaning of an already installed system, highlighting closed loops to create circulation of the washing agent.

Chemical (hydrochemical) cleaning of hydraulic systems by the method of circulation along dedicated circuits allows:

• remove corrosive and mechanical deposits;
• degrease the inner surfaces of the pipes;
• remove the layer of oxygen corrosion inhibitor (if necessary);
• passivate the inner surfaces of the pipes.

Duration of work on hydrochemical treatment, selection and procedure for the use of reagents, quantity Supplies, labor intensity depend on the degree of corrosion damage to pipes, the total volume of the hydraulic system, the number and configuration of circulation circuits.

A group of companies site conducts hydrochemical purification of a variety of industrial equipment and pipelines for various purposes:

• thermal power equipment (storage boilers, heat exchangers, hot water boilers);
• hydraulic systems for various purposes;
• technological equipment(cooling circuits for injection molding machines, blow molding machines, etc.)

Nothing affects the quality of water transported through pipelines like the condition of the pipes themselves. Dirty and rusty water pipes are a nationwide problem. Replacing steel pipes with pipes made from alternative materials helps only partly. But not only dirty pipes can be a source of contamination of tap water. Owners of private houses, cottages, as well as boarding houses, holiday homes, shopping and office centers, etc., who receive water from their own wells, very often complain about tap water, although its quality immediately after the filters is confirmed by additional tests.

The reasons for this unpleasant phenomenon are quite diverse, but most often it is:

• small water intake (stagnation of water in pipes), or too large intake, when the water treatment equipment cannot cope with filtration and insufficiently purified water enters the taps,
• proliferation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide,
• contamination of the hot water boiler with deposits washed off during circulation from the internal surfaces of the pipeline and heated towel rails, decomposition of the magnesium anode. Deposits accumulate on the bottom and walls of the boiler, which quickly leads to intensive reproduction of thermotolerant bacteria, and, as a result, an intense smell of hydrogen sulfide,
• if the water treatment equipment is installed on a pipeline system including a domestic hot water tank, which has already been operated (even for a short time) with untreated water.

Dirty, rusty pipes, heat exchangers and boilers clogged with scale are not only a source of water pollution, but also a cause of violation of hydraulic and thermal regimes, since internal fouling of pipes and heat exchange surfaces leads to a decrease in the flow area up to its complete blockage and stopping the water supply to the points of water intake or heat dissipation. In the latter case, there is only one way out - the replacement of pipes or heat exchangers, which is often associated with partial destruction and subsequent restoration of building structures and high financial costs.

Deposits in pipes and heat exchangers due to calcium and magnesium salts contained in water, iron oxide deposits, bacterial growth are the most common problems encountered in everyday life and in industry. Scale creates a large thermal resistance to heat flow, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the coolant and a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the heating system, and a decrease in the temperature of the hot water supply. This means that the heat transfer and the throughput of the pipes are reduced. The temperature both in the premises and in the hot water pipes drops, and to increase it, it is necessary to increase fuel costs at boiler plants, and in private houses, gas consumption for heating water increases.

Effectively remove various contaminants of internal surfaces and restore the throughput of pipelines and heat transfer without violating the integrity of the pipeline system and water heating equipment allows the method of hydrochemical washing with the help of special tools.

Flushing of heat and water heating equipment and pipelines for drinking and domestic purposes is carried out only with reagents approved for specific use, certified by the SanEpidnadzor of the Russian Federation, absolutely safe for the integrity of the equipment (gaskets, taps, etc.), do not affect the material of pipelines (steel, galvanizing, metal-plastic , plastic), because wash out only deposits inside the pipes.

The undoubted advantages of the method of hydrochemical flushing include the speed with which a positive result is obtained with minimal inconvenience for the owners of private houses and cottages, because. in one cycle, hot and cold water supply circuits and water heating equipment (hot water boilers and boilers) are flushed.

Works on flushing pipelines and water heating equipment are carried out without draining the system (which is especially important for heating), and regardless of the season.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW:

Heating systems in which some kind of antifreeze is poured as a coolant - when replacing antifreeze with water, the heating system and the boiler must be flushed using special means.

If you do not do a high-quality flush, you may encounter such a phenomenon as “noise” in the boiler and heating system - these are antifreeze residues that foam and cause these phenomena. In some cases, an emergency shutdown of the boiler occurs (as a rule, at the most “inopportune moment”).

To reduce the effects of oxygen corrosion and hardness deposits on heat transfer surfaces in the heating system, we recommend using corrosion and hardness inhibitors.

The use of softened water as a coolant does not eliminate such a problem as oxygen corrosion, therefore, in such heating systems, it is also necessary to add corrosion inhibitors as a corrosion prevention. The amount of inhibitor depends on the volume of the system, but on average 5% is enough for the entire volume of the system, about 1-2% of the agent is added once a year (this depends on the volume of the heating system replenishment during the year).

Important! Before installation or immediately after installation of new water treatment equipment, it is recommended to flush the DHW, cold water piping system and the boiler to eliminate the appearance of unpleasant odors in the water

To solve the problems faced by users of water heating equipment during its operation, we offer:

1. Water analysis (including express on-site analysis)

2. Comprehensive survey of hot and cold water supply systems,
heating and existing water treatment system
3. Selection of the necessary reagents for flushing (depending on the nature of deposits and pipe material)
4. Flushing the system, with the guarantee of effective removal of deposits
5. Development of recommendations for increasing the efficiency of water treatment
6. Subscriber service (constant monitoring of the state of systems
and timely troubleshooting).
7. Protection of pipelines and water heating equipment of the drinking water supply system from corrosion and scale.
8. Protection of pipelines and water heating equipment of heating, cooling and air conditioning systems from corrosion and scale.
9. Disinfection of pipelines.
10. Consultations on the selection of equipment and reagents for water treatment.

Chemical (hydrochemical) cleaning of pipelines of hydraulic systems for various purposes

The main cause of failures in the operation of hydraulic systems is a variety of mechanical impurities in the oil (and other working fluids), which disable the spools (jamming or gradual abrasion of the working surfaces). Therefore, during the operation of the hydraulic system, the purity of the oil is the main condition for trouble-free operation. Although the operation of the hydraulic system involves its periodic shutdowns and openings, their number depends on the cleanliness of the pipes at the commissioning stage.

The method of cleaning the inner surfaces of pipes that exists to this day and is quite common is the so-called “etching” of pipes in an acid bath.

However, this method of pipe cleaning does not give a 100% guarantee of the cleanliness of the internal surfaces after the installation of the system, because. during the installation process, inevitable contamination with both mechanical impurities and secondary corrosion occurs (especially for ferrous steels).

The degree of cleanliness of the pipes will be much more effective if you carry out pre-start cleaning of an already installed system, highlighting closed circuits to create the circulation of a washing agent.

Chemical (hydrochemical) cleaning of hydraulic systems by the method of circulation along dedicated circuits allows:

• remove corrosive and mechanical deposits;
• degrease the inner surfaces of the pipes;
• remove the layer of oxygen corrosion inhibitor (if necessary);
• passivate the inner surfaces of the pipes.

The duration of hydrochemical cleaning, the selection and procedure for using reagents, the amount of consumables, labor intensity depend on the degree of corrosion damage to pipes, the total volume of the hydraulic system, the number and configuration of circulation circuits.

The WATER.RU group of companies carries out hydrochemical cleaning of a variety of industrial equipment and pipelines for various purposes:

• heat power equipment (accumulative boilers, heat exchangers, hot water boilers);
• hydraulic systems for various purposes;
• technological equipment (cooling circuits for injection molding machines, blow molding machines, etc.)

1. General Provisions

In preparation for heating season the most time-consuming and technically complex is the process of cleaning the heat transfer surfaces of heat power equipment of steam and hot water boilers, deaerators, heat exchangers, pipelines from deposits formed as a result of their operation for various reasons (non-compliance with the water-chemical regime, lack of constant and representative chemical control). Dirty, rusty pipes, heat exchangers and boilers clogged with scale are not only a source of water pollution, but also a cause of violation of hydraulic and thermal regimes, since internal fouling of pipes and heat exchange surfaces leads to a decrease in the flow area up to its complete blockage and interruption of the water supply to the points of water intake or heat dissipation. In the latter case, there is only one way out - the replacement of pipes or heat exchangers, which is often associated with partial destruction and subsequent restoration of building structures and high financial costs.

Deposits in pipes, heat exchangers and boilers due to calcium and magnesium salts contained in water, iron oxide deposits, bacterial growth are the most common problems encountered in everyday life and in industry. Scale creates a large thermal resistance to heat flow, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the coolant and a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the heating system, and a decrease in the temperature of the hot water supply. This means that the heat transfer and the throughput of the pipes are reduced. The temperature both in the premises and in the hot water pipes drops, and to increase it, it is necessary to increase fuel costs at boiler plants, and in private houses, gas consumption for heating water increases.

Effectively remove various contaminants of internal surfaces and restore the throughput of pipelines and heat transfer without violating the integrity of the pipeline system and water heating equipment allows the method of hydrochemical washing with the help of special tools. Hydrochemical washing heating systems of residential buildings is an alternative to the overhaul of heating systems and allows you to almost completely restore the throughput of pipes.

Flushing of heat and water heating equipment and pipelines for drinking and domestic purposes is carried out only with reagents approved for specific use, certified by the SanEpidnadzor of the Russian Federation, absolutely safe for the integrity of the equipment (gaskets, taps, etc.), do not affect the material of pipelines (steel, galvanizing, metal-plastic , plastic), because wash out only deposits inside the pipes.

The undoubted advantages of the method of hydrochemical flushing include the speed with which a positive result is obtained with minimal inconvenience for the owners of private houses and cottages, because. in one cycle, hot and cold water supply circuits and water heating equipment (hot water boilers and boilers) are flushed.

Works on flushing pipelines and water heating equipment are carried out without draining the system (which is especially important for heating), and regardless of the season.

Technology of application of hydrochemical washing:

• Inspection of the system (degree of clogging of the system with deposits, the nature of these deposits - chemical analysis);
• Selection of washing technology, composition chemical reagents and concentration of the solution;
• Insertion of pumping and capacitive equipment into the operating system and addition of the solution to the coolant;
• Forced circulation in the solution system during the standard time;
• Neutralization - removal of excess chemically active substance from the solution and passivation - prevention of further corrosion on the internal surfaces of the system;
• Purging with air and flushing the system from solution and deposits;
• Dismantling of pumping and capacitive equipment;
• Quality control of flushing by cutting pipeline sections;
• Pressurization with prepared water.

A typical scheme for flushing an in-house heating system:

Application period:

Once every two to four years (depending on compliance with the rules of operating conditions).

Efficiency and results of application:

• Full recovery bandwidth pipelines;
• Increased service life of pipelines and equipment without overhaul up to 10-15 years;
• Reducing the cost of heat loss up to 15%;
• Temperature rise hot water to the required values ​​without increasing fuel consumption;
• Reduction of reference fuel consumption for heat generation up to 15%;
• Reduction of energy consumption during water transportation.

2. Hydrochemical flushing of hot water boilers

The decision to provide for flushing the boiler is made on the basis of an inspection report, which includes the following activities:

1. visual inspection internal heating surfaces;

2. Measurement of the thickness of the sediment layer;

3. Determination of the specific amount of deposits (g/m2);

4. Chemical analysis sediment composition;

5. Measurement of hydraulic resistance in operating mode;

6. Measurement the following parameters in operating mode: flue gas temperature, boiler efficiency, calculated specific consumption gas to generate 1 Gcal of heat and compare them with the nominal data.

Consequences of the appearance of deposits on the heating surfaces of boilers

A layer of deposits with a thickness of 0.1 mm covering the metal heating surface creates a thermal resistance equivalent to 2 mm of metal. Deposits have a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W/m*S, the metal surface has a thermal conductivity of 58 W/m*S. Thus, the thermal conductivity of deposits is 25 times less than the thermal conductivity metal surface and, accordingly, the thermal resistance of deposits is 25 times higher than the thermal resistance of the metal surface. As a result, the layer of deposits covering the metal heating surface reduces the heat transfer between water and thermal energy, which leads to the following consequences:

1. Excessive fuel consumption, that is, more gas consumption is required to generate 1 Gcal of heat;

Rice. 1. Dependence of excessive fuel consumption on the thickness of the scale layer.

2. An increase in the temperature of the metal surface leads to overheating of the metal. As a result, oxidation and destruction of the metal, its swelling, rupture and formation of fistulas occur. The increase in wall temperature will be the greater, the thicker the scale layer and the lower its thermal conductivity coefficient (λnac);

Rice. 2. Influence of scale layer thickness and its thermal conductivity
on the temperature of the pipe wall.

3. Change in the operating parameters of the equipment, that is, an increase in the temperature of the flue gases, a decrease in efficiency compared to the nominal data.

Rusty dirty pipes can not only cause a violation of thermal and hydraulic modes but also a source of pollution drinking water. Internal fouling of pipes helps to reduce the "live" (flow) section and can lead to complete blockage and stop the flow of water to the points of water intake. Flushing the water supply system is an event that will prevent these problems and significantly increase the life of the entire system. If preventive work is ignored, in the end this will lead to the need to replace pipes, which in some cases is accompanied by the dismantling of the structure and its subsequent restoration.

The sure signs that the water supply and sewerage of a private house are clogged are the appearance bad smell. About blockage water pipes evidenced by the appearance of rust flakes, a metallic taste, a change in the color of the water. If flushing a hot water system using metal pipes, was not carried out in a timely manner, this will not only lead to a decrease in their throughput, but will also negatively affect the circulation of the resource. The result will be an increase in energy consumption for providing optimum temperature, as well as increased consumption.

Flushing water pipes - main types

The most common cause of fouling on the inner surface of pipes is corrosion processes, as well as pollution caused by unfiltered water. Flushing the water supply system can be of the following types:

• hydrodynamic. It consists in removing scale and blockages from pipes by cleaning the system with thin jets of water, which are supplied under high pressure through special nozzles. This type cleaning allows you to achieve high results at a relatively low cost. Hydrodynamic flushing of the system will cost half as much as replacing water supply pipes. Thanks to the operation of hydrodynamic cleaning devices, magnesium, sodium, calcium salts, fats, rust, scale are completely removed from the pipes.

Video instruction - Hydrodynamic flushing of pipes

• hydrochemical flushing is one of the most common non-separable flushing methods water supply and heating systems, which allows you to transfer deposits and scale into a dissolved state and wash them out of the system. Chemical flush the water supply system uses products that are approved for use by sanitary and epidemiological supervision. This guarantees their complete safety in relation to pipelines and water heating equipment. Such reagents act only on scale and rust. For flushing the heating system, alkaline and acidic solutions of reagents are used. For example, composite inorganic and organic acids (compositions based on caustic soda, phosphoric acid, solutions with various additives, etc.). The exact composition of a particular flushing agent is kept secret by manufacturers.

Chemical flushing of the water supply system is a reliable and economical method that allows you to clean the system of dirt and scale. With its help, a positive result is quickly achieved. In one cycle, you can wash not only DHW system(hot water supply), but cold water supply, sewerage, heating system, clean heating equipment (DHW boilers and boilers).

• Pneumohydropulse flushing water pipes. This method cleaning allows you to flush the system by multiple pulses that are transmitted using a special apparatus. Under the action of a kinetic impulse wave, cavitation bubbles are created in the liquid filling the pipes, which have a high intensity during the discharge period. Receipt bubbles, moving with the flow of water towards the area of ​​high pressure, as well as in the period of compression, burst, creating a shock wave. Under its action, deposits come off the walls of the pipes and the subsequent wave carries them away.

The hot water and heating system is much easier to flush than the rest. This is due to the design of the circuit, which is closed or closed. Therefore, all types of washing pass here easily and painlessly. It is better to flush the sewer system by chemical means, since it is considered free-flowing, and, therefore, the presence high pressure can damage pipelines and their connections. The cold water supply system can be flushed with any of the options listed. But at the same time, it is necessary to completely cut off the network from external influence (source, equipment or central backbone). It is also recommended to leave one of the water points open so that all plaque and rust can freely exit the pipelines.