Water supply of a private house: sources, equipment, materials. Sale and installation of equipment for water supply of a country house, cottage or apartment

The water supply of a private house is most often made from a well and a well. Pumps are used for automatic feeding. Their type and performance are selected depending on the flow of water and the height to which it needs to be raised. There are two types of private water supply systems:

• with storage tank;
• with hydraulic accumulator.

For uninterrupted water supply to a private house with a stable pressure and water supply, you can put both a storage tank and a hydraulic accumulator. This is an option for those who value comfort.

Storage tank system

The basis of such a system is a water tank, which is installed at a considerable height. If there is space, the tank is placed in the attic, if not, you can build a special tower or install it on the roof of a neighboring building. From the tank, pipes diverge throughout the house, distributing water to points of consumption.

The water supply system of a private house with a storage tank (from a well or a well - it doesn’t matter)

This system works like this:

• Water from a well or well is pumped into the tank, its level is controlled by a float mechanism. When the threshold value is reached, the pump is switched off.
• Due to the fact that the storage tank is located above all points of water distribution, some pressure is created in the system. When a faucet is opened, this pressure causes water to flow to the point of distribution.
• When the water level in the tank drops below a certain level, the pump turns on, adding water.

The water supply system of a private house or cottage with a storage tank is simple and inexpensive. But there are a number of serious drawbacks:

• With such an organization of water supply, the pressure in the system is low, and even variable - it depends on the water level in the tank and the number of open taps. Because of this, no Appliances will not work (automatic washing machine, electric water heater(boiler), dishwasher, autonomous heating system, etc.).
• If the automation fails, there is a real threat to flood the house with water overflowing. The danger can be reduced by making an emergency water drain system. To do this, a pipe is welded into the storage tank just above the required water level, through which, if the level rises, the excess flows out. The pipe can be discharged into the sewer or drainage system, and you can - in the garden. But some indication is needed that there is too much water in the tank (the sound of pouring water is also one of the signals).
• The container has a solid size, and finding a place for it is not always easy. As an option - build a tower next to the house, on which to place a water tank.

If no equipment is foreseen at the dacha, you can use such a water supply scheme. But in the house, few people will be satisfied with this option. The next option will need to be considered.

Scheme with a hydraulic accumulator and a pumping station

This water supply system of a private house from a well and a well provides stable pressure, so you can connect any equipment. It is also based on a pump, but it supplies water to the accumulator, and is controlled by an automation system. If all these components are combined into one device, it is called a pumping station.

A hydraulic accumulator for water supply is an iron tank divided by an elastic membrane (rubber) into two parts. In one part, gas is pumped under a certain pressure, and water enters the second. Filling the tank with water, stretches the membrane, compressing the gas even more, which is why pressure is created in the system.

The principle of operation of the water supply system with a hydraulic accumulator is as follows:

• The pump turns on, pumps water, creating a given pressure in the system. It is controlled by sensors. There are two of them: upper and lower pressure thresholds. When the upper threshold is reached, the sensor turns off the pump.
• When a faucet is opened or water is consumed by a technique, the pressure in the system gradually decreases. When the lower threshold is reached, the second sensor gives a command to turn on the pump. Water is supplied again, leveling it.

Such an autonomous water supply system gives more high level comfort. But its organization requires more funds: a pumping station and a hydraulic accumulator are quite expensive devices. In addition, this equipment is more demanding on water quality (minimum impurities), which requires a good filter. There are requirements for both the pipeline (smooth inner walls) and the performance of the pump: water must be supplied constantly, without interruption. When using a well as a source of water, it must have a good debit (water must flow quickly), which is not always possible. Therefore, such schemes are more often implemented with wells.

For how to assemble a borehole pump, watch the video.

Water supply of a private house from a well and a well: pipe laying

Any of the described water supply schemes for a private house is implemented using a pump that supplies water to the house. In this case, a pipeline must be built connecting the well or well with a pumping station or storage tank. There are two options for laying pipes - only for summer use or for all-weather (winter).

On device summer plumbing(for giving) pipes can be laid on top or in shallow ditches. At the same time, you must not forget to make a tap at the lowest point - drain the water before winter so that frozen water does not break the system in frost. Or make the system collapsible - from pipes that can be rolled up on threaded fittings - and these are HDPE pipes. Then in the fall everything can be disassembled, twisted and put into storage. Return everything in the spring.

Laying water pipes in the area for winter use requires high costs time, effort and money. Even in the most severe frosts, they should not freeze. And there are two solutions:

• lay them below the freezing depth of the soil;
• bury shallowly, but be sure to heat or insulate (or you can do both).

deep laying

It makes sense to bury water pipes deeply if it freezes no more than 1.8 m. almost a two-meter layer of soil. Previously, asbestos pipes were used as a protective shell. Today there is also a plastic corrugated sleeve. It is cheaper and lighter, it is easier to lay pipes in it and give it the desired shape.

When laying the pipeline below the freezing depth, it is necessary to dig a deep trench that is long for the entire route. But the water supply of a private house from a well and a well will not freeze in winter

Although this method requires a lot of labor, it is used because it is reliable. In any case, they try to lay the section of the water supply between the well or well and the house exactly below the freezing depth. The pipe is brought out through the wall of the well below the depth of freezing of the soil and in the trench is led under the house, there it is raised higher. The most problematic place is the exit from the ground to the house, you can additionally heat it with an electric heating cable. It works in automatic mode maintaining the set heating temperature - it works only if the temperature is below the set one.

When used as a source of water wells and pumping station, install the caisson. It is buried below the freezing depth of the soil, and equipment is placed in it - a pumping station. The casing pipe is cut so that it is above the bottom of the caisson, and the pipeline is led out through the wall of the caisson, also below the freezing depth.

A water pipe buried in the ground is difficult to repair: you have to dig in. Therefore, try to lay a solid pipe without joints and welds: they are the ones that give the most problems.

close to the surface

With a shallow foundation, earthworks are less, but in this case it makes sense to make a full-fledged route: lay out a trench with bricks, thin concrete slabs etc. At the construction stage, the costs are significant, but the operation is convenient, repair and modernization are no problems.

In this case, the water supply pipes of a private house from the well and well rise to the level of the trench and are brought out there. They are placed in thermal insulation to prevent them from freezing. For insurance, they can also be heated - use heating cables.

One practical tip: if there is a power cable from a submersible or borehole pump to the house, it can be hidden in a protective sheath made of PVC or other material, and then attached to the pipe. Fasten every meter with a piece of adhesive tape. So you will be sure that the electrical part is safe for you, the cable will not fray or break: when the ground moves, the load will be on the pipe, and not on the cable.

Sealing the entrance to the well

When organizing the water supply of a private house from a well with your own hands, pay attention to the termination of the exit point of the water pipe from the mine. It is from here that most often the dirty top water gets inside.

If the hole in the wall of the shaft is not much larger than the diameter of the pipe, the gap can be sealed with sealant. If the gap is large, it is smeared with a solution, and after drying it is smeared waterproofing compound(bituminous impregnation, for example, or cement-based composition). Lubricate preferably both outside and inside.

What does it consist of

The source of water and bringing it into the house is far from the whole water supply system. More filters are needed. The first, coarse filtration occurs at the suction point. In this form, it can be used for technical purposes, for example, to bring it to the toilet. But even for irrigation, untreated water can not be supplied in every case, and even more so in the shower or in the kitchen. Therefore, the water supply of a private house from a well and a well also includes a filter system.

Water supply plan for a private house from a well

Please note that there are three stages of filtering in the figure:

• on the suction pipe - mesh filter;
• before entering the pump - filter coarse cleaning;
• before entering the house - a fine filter.

At each stage, the filter (or filters) is selected depending on the water. Its quality is determined in the laboratory. Based chemical composition and cleaning equipment is selected.

Autonomous water supply

Systems with pumping stations are good for everyone, except for the fact that electricity is required for their operation. There is a supply of water, but it is equal to the volume of the accumulator, and it is not more than 100 liters. This amount won't last long. If you need a reserve supply for at least a day or more, it is best to pump water first into the storage tank, and from it to supply it to the inlet of the pumping station. The same system works well if your house is connected to centralized water supply, but the pressure in it is very low or water is supplied by the clock.

In the diagram shown in the photo, there is only an emergency overflow. This is the pipeline coming out of the storage tank just above maximum level water. It goes down the drain. Excess water flows down it in case of malfunctions with the float mechanism. If you do not install it, you can flood the house.

If you need a backup water supply for a private house in case of a power outage, the storage tank must be installed at the top, above all water points. Then, when the electrics are turned off, water will be supplied to the pipes by gravity. You won't be able to take a shower, but it will be in the taps. This will be uninterrupted water supply to a private house in any conditions.

In cases of unsatisfactory performance central water supply or in its absence, the company "VODAVOD" organizes autonomous water supply of a private house. We have accumulated vast experience in design, installation, commissioning, which is enough to implement standard and non-standard projects.

Our specialists in as soon as possible autonomous water supply of your private house can be established - from small house up to two-, three- and more storey cottages. We always take into account the real needs of a particular client, his wishes, financial possibilities, we design plumbing in a private house on an individual basis. This allows you to achieve maximum efficiency, cost-effectiveness and rationality of each water supply system developed by us.

The price of installing a turnkey water supply for a private house in Moscow

What do you get for this price

Turnkey system:

• Hot and cold water supply;
• Water heater for 80 liters;
• Hydraulic accumulator for 100 liters;
• Heating cable;
• The ability to "mothball" the entire system;
• Time-tested materials from the best manufacturers (Italy, Serbia, Denmark, Spain, Turkey);
• The cost also includes consumables and shipping.

Total turnkey cost: 89,880 rubles.

The cost of work

Total cost of work: 28,300 rubles.

Cost of materials

Total cost of materials: 61,580 rubles.

Turnkey private house water supply system

Competent autonomous water supply of a private house begins with careful design and design work, a study of the composition and characteristics of the soil, soils, analysis of a number of external and internal factors. It is also important to know for what purposes the water will be used, in what volume, the seasonality of residence at the facility, the average number of people staying in the house. Depth of aquifers, presence / absence of nearby industrial facilities, landfills, groundwater.

High-quality and uninterrupted water supply is a whole complex of schemes for connecting various components, pipelines, components and assemblies complex system independent water supply. Therefore, the development, laying, arrangement of water supply, sewerage must be trusted to highly qualified specialists. The VODAVOD company will undertake not only the installation of autonomous water supply in a private house, but also the whole range of related works:

• Drilling a well or well. Depending on the purpose and volume of water consumption, we offer two options for water supply of the object - borehole and well. The latter option is ideal for small volumes of consumption, seasonal living or home garden irrigation. A well water supply project for a private house is much cheaper than a borehole one, since it involves a minimum of time and labor costs. The well water supply of the object is practically unlimited volumes of crystal clean water, which can be consumed year-round without any risks to pumping and filtering equipment.
• Plumbing in a private house. If there was no water supply at the facility before, we will perform a full range of works on laying pipes, installing fittings, plumbing equipment. If the house already has a laid pipeline, our specialists will assess its actual condition, if necessary, replace damaged or worn out elements. We will also insulate water supply pipes in a private house if you plan to live in it even during the cold season.
• Commissioning works. Mandatory stage, involving the phased testing of each element of the water supply and sewerage, identifying possible problems or system defects.

Entrust us with organizing water supply in a private house, and you will receive high-quality, economical and reliable water supply for your home.

Private house water supply scheme

The scheme and layout of pipes for autonomous water supply in a private house depends on a number of factors:

• Floors and architectural features of the object;
• Number and schematic placement of water supply and drainage points;
• Remoteness of the source of water intake;
• Depth of water intake;
• Ways to raise water;
• Assignment of the consumed resource.

Our specialists will develop the most profitable and practical scheme for laying water supply and sewerage, taking into account the above and a number of other nuances, and select the diameter of pipes and valves that are most suitable for a particular object.

Water supply pipe layout

The layout of water supply pipes in a private house can be performed in one of the following options:

• Collector. Assumes the connection of each individual consumer separately. In this case, the control valves are located in a single manifold. Of the advantages - ease of use, aesthetics and practicality. Among the disadvantages is the higher cost of distributing water supply of this type.
• Trunk. It involves connecting each consumer through tees to the main shut-off valves. Of the advantages - saving space, more low cost, compared to the collector type. Of the minuses - more complex management. The main water supply scheme can be open and closed.

Our experts will help you choose the most advantageous options for laying water pipes, taking into account the architecture of the house, the geometry of the premises, personal wishes and preferences of the client.

The device for autonomous water supply of a private house

If you need a truly reliable, highly efficient, practical and durable water supply system for a private house, contact real professionals. The company "VODAVOD" provides the most profitable and comfortable conditions interactions:

• Objective and transparent pricing;
• Convenient payment methods;
• Individual approach;
• Maximum efficiency of work execution, regardless of their complexity and volume;
• Warranty for work, used materials, equipment;
• Consulting and service support.

With us you will save your own time and money.

Call, write to us right now - managers will tell you in detail about the advantages and guarantees of the VODAVOD company, calculate the cost and terms of work. Remember that only with us the price for autonomous water supply of a turnkey private house in Moscow is one of the most affordable in the metropolitan region.

accommodation in countryside or a remote village may be accompanied by a number of problems. Carrying water into the house from a well or common column, the use of basins for hygiene procedures is an everyday routine duty.

Many flee to the cities to enjoy the benefits of civilization - hot water, bathroom, shower. Those who remain solve the problem on their own. Provide autonomous water supply to your home.

Despite a number of difficulties, the improvement of your home is an important matter. And it must be approached with full responsibility.

Water supply systems for private houses

Water supply can be arranged in two ways:

• Connect to the central highway;
• Collect water from a well or well.

If there is a water main, it is easiest to connect to the central water supply by submitting an application to the authorized bodies and paying for installation work.

It will take some time to complete paperwork and resolve organizational issues. But - there will be certain amenities and comfort. You do not have to run outside for water and use a basin for hygiene procedures.

The consequence turns out that such a water supply system has its own significant shortcomings, the correction of which is beyond the competence and capabilities of the owner of a private house:

• Uneven low water pressure, insufficient for normal showering or washing machine operation;
• All sorts of additives used to disinfect and purify water make it unsuitable for cooking;
• Line breaks and other accidents;
• Monthly service fee.

Making water supply to a private house from a well or a well is the best solution.

In doing so, the following points must be taken into account:

• Soil properties;
• The depth of the location and occurrence of water veins;
• their quality and performance.

When the water is suitable for drinking and is at a depth of up to 15 m, it is better to dig a well. It has a huge advantage over a well: in the event of a power outage, you can use a bucket suspended on a rope. And its arrangement, installation will be cheaper if part of the work is done independently.

Before you start "digging something", it will not be superfluous to walk around the area, see if the local residents have no autonomous water supply, chat with private traders. View photos of water supply, familiarize yourself with its schemes. If everyone is drilling artesian wells or digging them "under the sand", then it is better to take an example from them.

The autonomous water supply scheme of a private house provides for the use of a pump to draw water from a well or well. Despite its enormous advantages and advantages over central system water supply, in the absence of electricity, it will not work.

The only way out is to use batteries to power the pumping station. Or sit without water until the power outages are fixed.

Mounting Features

Paying attention to the vast experience of our predecessors, we organize a system of autonomous hot and cold water supply. For this we need:

• The presence of a source (well or well);
• Centrifugal pump;
• Cleaning system;
• Hydraulic accumulator or other equipment for controlling pump performance;
• Water pipes, valves, valves;
• Measuring instruments;
• Installation equipment double-circuit boiler(for heating and water heating) or a boiler.

The best time to do this kind of work is when it's warm. Less chance of making a mistake with the location of the aquifer. And digging wells, wells, trenches is much easier.

The pump is located in a separate room or in the basement. The water supply begins with a pipe fixed in a well at a height of up to 400 mm from its bottom. When connecting the pump, in the circuit in front of it, a coarse filter and a check valve are installed. After it, a pressure gauge and a means for fine water purification are installed.

To draw water from a well, a pump can be installed above the well both in a caisson and in a warm room.

Hot water supply

Heating water will not cause any problems when all installation work is completed and the pump is working properly.

Let's use one of the mounting options:

• We install a gas boiler with two circuits - for heating water and a heating system;
• We mount a gas or electric boiler with an installed boiler;
• We use a water heater that works from a household network with accumulative principle work;
• We use flow heaters.

It is important to carefully consider the sewerage system, make a drain from the sink, shower, toilet, bathtub, shower stall. Make sure that everything works properly, regardless of the time of year.

We dig trenches to such a depth that plumbing and sewer pipes did not freeze after laying (up to 1000 mm). External communications in contact with the street are insulated. We make sure that all connections are tight, there are no leaks anywhere.

Creating a plumbing system is not a difficult task. You can go the easy way - connect to the central highway, or create a full-fledged autonomous system and not endure everyday inconveniences.

Photo of water supply of a private house

In order for the water supply system to be able to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering nodes. It is highly desirable to start development at the stage of an architectural project.

Bringing ideas to life and equipping the water supply of a private house with your own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has delved into all the subtleties.

We will help you understand the principles of work autonomous system, we will designate the device of various sources of water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. Step-by-step instructions for arranging water supply are supplemented with visual images and video clips.

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.

An autonomous network independent of the central water supply must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.

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For normal operation, the water supply system is equipped with devices and technical devices providing automatic or partially automatic operation.

Used to automate the process. It is applied as buffer capacity for water supply and as a device to maintain a stable pressure.

The membrane tank has two compartments - for air and water, separated by a rubber membrane. When the container is filled with water, the air chamber is compressed more and more, which increases the pressure.

Autonomous water supply systems consist of internal and outer parts. Includes pipeline branches of the same name, laid from the water intake source to the points of water intake, fittings, plumbing, pump, storage tank or hydraulic accumulator

Reacting to the increase in pressure, the electric switch turns off the pump. As soon as one of the owners opens the tap, the pressure in the system begins to drop. The relay again reacts to a decrease in pressure and turns on the pump unit to replenish the used water.

The use of a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply organization scheme allows not only to automate the process of water intake and ensure its supply. Significantly extends the life of pumping equipment due to the reduction of on / off cycles.

Water supply is the life support of the house. It depends on him how comfortable a person will live in his home.

To choose the right system parameters, you must:

• Formulate requirements for the intensity and regularity of water supply. It is possible that in a small country house you can get by with a system with a conventional storage tank and a minimum of plumbing fixtures.
• Identify possible sources, the feasibility and cost of their construction, water quality.
• Select equipment and calculate options for laying engineering networks.

A well-designed system requires professional installation and the use of quality components.

Selection of sources and water intake device

For the organization of the water supply system at home, groundwater is most often used, giving preference to aquifers protected by impermeable rocks.

The points of their intake and the location on the suburban area do not have to be coordinated with the SES authorities if a non-artesian well is operated. Special justifications are needed to use surface sources.

Water intake structures should be built on an elevated site. Wells and wells with drinking water must be at least 50 m away from places of potential contamination (latrines, compost heaps, landfills, etc.) (+)

The choice of the type of water intake structure mainly depends on the characteristics of the geological situation of the area, the depth of the aquifers, the amount of water consumed.

Using a well for organizing water supply

The choice in favor of a well is most often carried out if the water lies at a depth of twenty meters.

Wells are of two types:

• Artesian. They can be 100 meters deep or more. Occasionally they are gushing if they are arranged in a ravine. The disadvantage is high price works. In addition, the water may be highly mineralized, which will adversely affect the operation of the pump and plumbing fixtures.
• Shallow wells (including Abyssinian). They cost significantly less to install, but the downside is that they can silt up over time, especially if not used consistently. Lifting water requires the installation of special pumping equipment.

Wells are the most common water intake structures.

Drilling wells requires space for access and manipulation large equipment. Often the lack of such space makes mechanized mining of the water source very difficult.

Their design may differ, but the general remains the same.

They consist of the following parts:

• Mouth and aerial part. According to the rules, the mouth is arranged in an underground chamber - a caisson. If the caisson is not used to prevent rainwater from seeping into the well, a sealed head is constructed.
• trunk, the walls of which are reinforced with casing pipes made of steel alloy, plastic. Occasionally for furnishing artesian wells at great depths, asbestos-cement pipes are used.
• receiving part which has a sump and filter. AT rocks you can not use devices for filtering.

If the place cannot be organized, it will be necessary to rent a sewage truck to remove the water from the flush.

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The use of wells as a source of water

The well is constructed mainly from concrete rings, masonry, sometimes their walls are made of wood. It consists of an above-ground part with a withdrawn ventilation pipe, trunk, water intake and water-containing parts.

Water can enter the well through the bottom or walls, or both. If the flow goes through the bottom, buried in the sand, then it is supplied with a gravel bottom filter.

When water enters through the wall, special "windows" of porous concrete are arranged, which are covered with gravel as an additional filter.

Building a well is no big deal. Therefore, if there is a need to save money, then you can dig it out and then maintain it yourself.

Detailed information on the organization of water supply from a well is presented in.

Arrangement of capturing chambers when using a spring

The device of a protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also flow through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, filtration is not required.

If suspended particles are present in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment is used for settling and cleaning from sediment, the other for water intake.

If you do not organize a drain from the spring, then, under the condition of poor water consumption, the source may stagnate and the water in it deteriorates (+)

To exit excess water at the highest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.

Equipment for automatic water supply

The choice of the method of arrangement and installation of the water supply system country house begins with an assessment of the type of intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.

The automated system includes:

• pump or finished pumping station;
• filtration system for water purification;
• storage and control capacity;
• external and internal pipeline;
• devices for automatic control.

When installing tanks and pumps, the requirements of the equipment manufacturers must be strictly observed.

Regulating and storage tanks for water

Water storage tanks are distinguished according to the principle of operation:

• Non-pressure leaky tank. Made mainly from polymer materials. Helps create pressure by placing it at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the container for each meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
• hydropneumatic tank. Inside it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. Creates pressure thanks to compressed air in one compartment, which, through a rubber membrane, exerts pressure on the water in the adjacent compartment.

A non-pressure tank is installed in a lighted ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Trays are installed under the tank to protect against small leaks. The tank is provided with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.

One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of switching on the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. For submersible pumps, the allowable interval between switching on is longer than for surface pumps. They are supposed to turn on less often, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.

To work in tandem with surface pumps, they most often buy membrane tanks capacity from 12 to 24 liters. If there are power outages in the settlement, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump in and store a reserve supply of water for some time.

Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.

In a system with a non-pressure storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor

Purification of tap water from impurities

Types of pumping equipment and features of choice

When choosing water-lifting equipment, consider:

• Source flow rate. It should exceed the water consumption in the house.
• Type of intake structure and depth of the aquifer. For pumping out from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Pumping water from great depths is carried out by means of powerful submersible pumps.
• Required pressure in the system. The head of the pumping unit is determined by summing up the values ​​​​(in meters): the height of the rise from the (dynamic) water level in the well to the highest located plumbing fixture, pressure loss when reaching the highest point, the required pressure at this point.
• Estimated water consumption. Calculated based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator influences the choice of equipment performance.

Designed for installation in both deep and shallow wells and boreholes. They come in different capacities and diameters. Surface pumps are characterized by lower pressure, so they are used for shallow sources - wells and springs.

The manufacturer often completes such devices with pressure tanks and automation, then sells them as ready-made pumping stations.

Devices for wells are produced in the form of a long, narrow cylinder, which can be freely lowered into it. Well units are larger

It is desirable that any pump equipment was equipped with protection against operation without water - this will prevent its overheating and breakage in the event of a decrease in the level in the source or damage to the pipeline.

Separately, it should be said about - a device that facilitates the operation of the pump when taking water from a great depth and / or increases the pressure. It is installed inside or outside the pump, allowing you to increase its power and spend less energy pumping water.

The choice of a pumping unit is mainly focused on the level of the water surface in the source and the type of water intake structure. Surface pumps are used to pump water from wells, submersible pumps are used to draw water from a well.

Devices for control and regulation

A manometer is used to control water pressure. It must be accurate, because even a slight discrepancy in indicators will lead to incorrect equipment settings. You can use devices designed for installation in a car.

Responsible for shutting down and starting the device. In addition, it effectively protects the system from the formation of excess pressure, regulates the frequency of operation of the pump and increases its service life.

When connecting the relay for the first time, most likely it will not have to be adjusted, it is already set to factory settings. But at the slightest deviation in the operation of the equipment, the relay must be checked and adjusted one of the first.

Without measuring and regulating devices, such as a pressure switch and a pressure gauge, it is impossible to control the operation of an autonomous water supply system

The sequence and scheme of installation of the water supply network

Like all work with engineering systems, the water supply device of a private house must be performed in a certain sequence.

Having equipped first of all a source of water, carry out installation:

• external and internal pipeline;
• pumping and additional equipment;
• water purification filters;
• distribution manifold;
• water heating device.

The final step is to connect plumbing fixtures.

Step 1. Installation of pumping equipment

The method of installation of water supply systems with a submersible and surface pump is slightly different. Surface centrifugal pumps (pumping stations) are placed in an insulated external branch or in basement at home, pit, etc.

The submersible pump is connected to a hose and a power cable, lowered into the water and hung on a nylon cable, usually included with the unit.

Installation submersible pump are performed in the following order:

1. Before lowering the pump, measure the hose and cable. They are interconnected with plastic clamps every 4 m and connected to the pump.
2. Holding the cable (you can not hold the pump on the hose or cable), lower the pump to a predetermined depth, securely fix it. The permissible distance to the bottom is indicated by the manufacturer of the model.
3. A head is attached over the casing pipe. The hose and electric cable are led out through the central hole, the cable is tied. In conclusion, the bolts are tightened, sealing the structure.

The next step is the laying and installation of the supply pipe.

If the well is not very deep, then the nylon cable that holds the pump is tied to a rubber band attached to the head. It will dampen pump vibrations

Step 2. Installation of outdoor piping

For outdoor laying water supply network most often used polyethylene - PE (or HDPE), metal-plastic pipes. The latter is stronger, but bends worse. Much less commonly used steel without zinc coating or galvanized, with anti-corrosion treatment.

A high-quality HDPE pipe must be marked, it does not have foreign spots and stripes, an unpleasant chemical smell

The pipeline must be laid half a meter lower than the freezing level. With less deep laying, a heater is used. Connect pipes with collet fittings without fum-tape and other seals.

Pipe installation is carried out as follows:

1. They dig not a wide trench to a freezing depth and plus half a meter;
2. At the bottom, a pillow is made of compacted quarry or river sand;
3. Level the bottom with a slope of 2-3 cm per meter;
4. They insulate the section of the water pipe laid above the depth of seasonal freezing to the entrance to the foundation of the house;
5. The pipe is laid and covered with clean sand without clay inclusions.

When laying pipes, it is better to avoid connections and not use fittings, otherwise the maintainability of the entire pipeline will deteriorate. If you still need to make a branch underground, then it is better to use fittings for welding. The result is a soldered monolithic connection without thread.

It is better to insert the pipe into the foundation of the house through a pipe of a larger diameter, the so-called sleeve. This will make it easier to repair the line if necessary, and sometimes, if the pipe is not very long, it will allow you to remove it without digging a trench.

A device for irrigation, provision of premises intended for summer use is also allowed. Such a pipeline is sometimes laid on top of the ground.

If the summer water supply system is buried, then it is possible to drain for conservation at cold period of the year. To do this, a standard slope is arranged towards the source of water intake.

Some types of pipes must be hidden from sunlight and exposure to freezing temperatures. Therefore, even for temporary summer operation of water pipes made of them, it is better to lay underground.

When laying HDPE pipes, the minimum permitted bending radii are taken into account. They depend on the SDR (pipe diameter to wall thickness ratio). Otherwise, at the bend point, the radius of the pipe will greatly decrease, which will increase the pressure in this area and the load on the pump (+)

Step 3. Installing the internal section of the water supply

The scheme and installation of the internal water supply network for different dwellings can vary greatly. Based on the individual layout and zoning of the house, its number of storeys and the number of plumbing, it is compiled individual scheme for water supply of a private house.

Image gallery

The layout of the internal water supply is carried out in two ways: tee and collector. When assembled using tees, the system is located around the perimeter of the room

In collector circuits, the flow is divided into several parts by a collector, from which it is fed to each device. Such a device allows you to equalize the pressure at all points

In general, the sequence of actions can be described as follows:

1. Brackets for fixing pipes are fixed according to pre-applied markings. If it is supposed concealed installation, then the walls are pre-chambered, and then the fasteners are already installed.
2. A ball valve is installed at the pipe inlet to the building.
3. A collector is mounted, pipes are connected to it, dividing them into several circuits.
4. Metal-plastic pipes are connected by press fittings, polyethylene and polypropylene - by welding.

Before closing the strobes, the system is checked for functionality. They inspect the quality of the pipe connection, evaluate the operation of the pump and control automation.

Dividing into several circuits optimizes the pressure, so when using one plumbing fixture, the pressure in other areas will not drop

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Important nuances for the device of water supply in the house. Expert Tips:

Phased technology for laying an external pipeline in the segment from the foundation of the house to the well:

Overview of the elements of the autonomous water supply system, types of pumps and connection diagrams:

When designing a water supply system, you need to consider that the more complex it is, the more comfortable it is to use. But simple system more reliable, less likely to fail, available for self-repair.

Therefore, when drawing up a diagram, it is important not to overestimate your strengths and determine the most important functions that a water supply system should perform.

Do you have practical skills in organizing water supply for your home? Please share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic of the publication in the comments. The contact form is located below.

How can individual water supply be organized in a private house? Today we will get acquainted with the possible sources of water, the applied schemes for its supply, we will study the equipment and materials for autonomous and centralized water supply. Let's hit the road!

Sources

Here is a list of possible sources of water for the cottage:

• Main water supply;
• The so-called country water supply with water supply for irrigation according to the schedule(usually 2-3 times a week). In warm regions, country water pipes are operated year-round. In this case, the problem is reduced to creating a reserve of water for its continuous supply;

• well or using the upper aquifer. The advantage of this solution is its low cost, the disadvantage is the low quality of water, which is polluted by rain and melt water coming from the surface, as well as the contents of adjacent cesspools and leaky septic tanks filtering through the soil;

Please note: the minimum allowable distance from a well with drinking water to a septic tank or cesspool is 50 meters.

• exploiting an aquifer surrounded by water-resistant layers. Quality artesian water significantly higher, but higher and the cost of drilling a well: its depth can reach 70-100 meters;

• Finally, if there is no running water on your site, and there is rocky soil under your feet, the water supply of the house can be provided by imported water from the tank.

In addition: non-potable water can be supplied to toilets and urinals, the source of which can be any open reservoir or a barrel installed under the drain.

Regulatory requirements

Now it's time to explore regulations. Do they have any recommendations on what is needed for the water supply of a private house?

The source of information for us will be the set of rules numbered 30.13330.2012, which regulates the construction of internal water supply and sewage systems. For the convenience of the reader, we highlight the points of the joint venture that are relevant for our case.

• Temperature hot water at the outlet of the tap or mixer should lie in the range of 60-75 degrees;
• With a significant distance from the water heater to distant points of water intake, continuous circulation of water should be provided in the hot water supply system;

• in places where it is disassembled, it should not be higher than 4.5 kgf / cm2 and lower than the value recommended by the manufacturers of plumbing equipment and equipment connected to the water supply;

Hint: all household and sanitary equipment, which the author came across in one way or another, remained operational at a pressure of more than 0.3 kgf / cm2. It is this value that can be considered the minimum allowable.

• If the pressure at the water supply input is higher than the standard, input;

• When laying water supply and sewerage together, water supply pipes are mounted from above. When laying hot and cold water pipes together, the DHW wiring is carried out above the cold water wiring;

• Long sections of DHW filling and connections made of polymeric materials (primarily polypropylene) must be equipped with expansion joints when heated;

• On cold water supply, it is allowed to use materials with a design service life at a nominal pressure of at least 50 years, on hot water supply - 25 years. At the same time, the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline should not increase during its operation;

• With an average daily water consumption of less than 10 cubic meters (that is, in almost any private house), the diameter of the water meter at the inlet should be 15 millimeters;

• Shutoff valves and a coarse filter are installed in front of the meter.

Circuits and equipment

How and with the use of what equipment can you provide water supply in a private house with your own hands? The implementation quite predictably depends on the water source.

Centralized water supply

The tie-in to the main water supply is carried out in the water meter well. As a rule, each cottage has its own well; its construction is carried out at the expense of the owner of the house.

Immediately after the tie-in, a water meter is mounted, including:

The water supply to the house is laid below the freezing level of the soil. It is better to mount it with a polymer pipe without reinforcement (polyethylene or polypropylene): these materials, due to their elasticity, endure soil movements without destruction and even defrosting followed by thawing.

Country water supply

How to conduct water supply in a private house if water is supplied according to the schedule?

In order to ensure its round-the-clock supply, we need a storage tank. As a rule, food-grade polyethylene tanks are used to store water. The volume of the tank is equal to the product of the average daily consumption by the maximum interval between switching on the country water supply.

For automatic filling storage capacity when water is supplied, the inlet float valve responds.

Water supply from the tank can be organized in two fundamentally different ways:

1. By gravity;
2. With a pumping station.

In the first case, the tank is installed in the attic of the house or under its ceiling. top floor. The water supply is connected to its lower tie-in through a tap that allows you to drain the water supply system without draining the water from the tank.

Such a scheme is simple, non-volatile, trouble-free, but has several rather unpleasant shortcomings:

• In winter, a tank installed in a cold attic will require insulation and cable heating;
• A water pressure of 3-4 meters will not seem comfortable to everyone;
• in the house with wooden floors the water supply will be limited by their bearing capacity.

All these problems are successfully solved by purchasing a pumping station. This is the name of the installation for the water supply of a private house, consisting of centrifugal pump, hydraulic accumulator and automatic pressure switch.

The pump creates pressure, the relay controls its operation depending on the current pressure in the water supply, and the membrane tank acts as a receiver, stabilizing the pressure and increasing the life of the pump by reducing the number of starts.

Here is an estimate for the water supply of a private house:

What you should pay attention to when installing such a circuit:

• The float valve is connected directly to the water inlet to the house or to country water supply, to other points of water intake;
• After the tie-in to connect the filling valve, a check valve or ball valve is installed at the inlet. The check valve will automatically switch from the water supply to the container and vice versa, but a closed tap will force the water into storage tank be continuously updated even with stable inlet pressure;

• Another check valve should be between the pumping station and the tank. Without it, the water under pressure in the accumulator will return to the tank immediately after the pump is turned off;

• The section of pipeline between the tank and the pumping station must have the same internal diameter as the suction pipe of the pump. An underestimation of the pipe section will lead to a drop in the productivity of the station.

Captain Obviousness suggests: water supply with imported water from the tank is also implemented in one of the ways described above - by gravity or using a pumping station.

Well

Now let's look at the procedure for water supply in a private house from a well or a shallow (up to 20-25 meters) well.

The equipment responsible for lifting water and creating pressure is already familiar to us - this is a pumping station. Here it is worth making a small digression.

Most pumping stations have a suction depth of 8 meters. The limitation is not related to the parameters of the pumps, but to the magnitude of atmospheric pressure: it is this that ensures the rise of water in the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it.

Reference: excess pressure in the atmosphere (that is, with absolute vacuum in the suction pipe) can raise water to a height of 10 meters.

However, this limitation is successfully circumvented by manufacturers of pumping stations with an external ejector. They use the Bernoulli effect to lift water from a depth of up to 25 meters (falling hydrostatic pressure in a jet of liquid or gas as the flow velocity increases).

water with overpressure is pumped to the ejector and, when flowing into the suction pipe, carries water from the well or well.

Important: the suction pipe of the pumping station is equipped with a check valve and a sand filter. Without a check valve, water from the accumulator will drain back immediately after the pump is turned off.

Well

With a significant depth of the well, a submersible pump is used to lift the water.

The head created by the pump is calculated as the sum of several values:

• Distances from the ground surface to the water surface;
• Heights above the ground top point drawdown;
• Excess pressure (10-15 meters);
• A margin of 10-20 meters (depending on the distance between the house and the well), compensating for hydraulic losses at the input.

In addition to the pump, the following are responsible for the water supply of a private household:

• Check valve at the pump outlet;

• Membrane tank-receiver;
• Pressure switch.

In addition: pump life can be significantly increased a frequency converter for water supply of a private house. It provides a smooth start of the electric motor and control of its speed depending on the current water flow.

Water purification

As already mentioned, water from wells and shallow wells often does not meet the requirements of the current SanPiN for drinking water and needs to be further purified. The filter for the water supply of a private house can be installed at the inlet or directly at the drinking water tapping point (usually in the kitchen).

The second scheme significantly increases the resource of replaceable filter cartridges: water for economic needs does not need cleaning.

Hot water supply

Responsible for heating water:

materials

What materials are used for water distribution in the cottage?

Let's remember what parameters the autonomous water supply system works with.

• The pressure does not exceed 4.5 kgf/cm2. If necessary (for example, when connecting a cottage to a main water supply in a multi-storey building), it is limited by a pressure reducer;

• The hot water temperature is set by the owner and does not exceed 75 degrees;
• Water hammer in a small closed loop excluded.

If so, the water supply system does not need a significant margin of safety. During its installation, you can use inexpensive polymer and composite materials, with a solid service life at a minimum cost:

• Polypropylene pipes with butt weld fittings;

• Metal-plastic pipes with compression and press fittings;
• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) on compression fittings and fittings using the effect of molecular memory;
• heat resistant polyethylene PERT with socket welded fittings.

Useful: the last two materials are usually used for hidden water collector wiring.

Conclusion

We hope that we were able to answer the questions accumulated by the esteemed reader. The video in this article will allow you to learn more about how water supply and sanitation of a private house can be implemented. Good luck!