Installation of an automatic control system for heating, heat supply in Perm and the region. Choosing a heat consumption control system with maximum efficiency
The problem of the efficiency of the heating system in most cases is the choice of the optimal correspondence between the temperature outside and the current heat consumption of the building. Very often, boiler houses (this is due to the specifics of the operation of power equipment) do not have time to respond to rapid changes weather conditions. And then we can see the following picture: it's warm outside, and the radiators are burning like crazy. At this time, the heat meter winds up round sums for heat that no one needs.
Solve the problem of rapid response an automatic weather-based heat consumption control system will help to detect changes in weather conditions in a single building. The essence of this system is as follows: an electric thermometer is installed on the street, measuring the air temperature in this moment. Every second, its signal is compared with a signal about the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the building (that is, in fact, with the temperature of the coldest radiator in the building) and / or with a signal about the temperature in one of the premises of the building. Based on this comparison, the control unit automatically commands the electric control valve, which sets optimal value coolant consumption.
In addition, such a system is equipped with a timer for switching the operating mode of the heating system. This means that when a certain hour of the day and (or) day of the week comes, it automatically switches the heating from normal to economical mode and vice versa. The specifics of some organizations do not require comfortable heating at night and the system at a given hour of the day will automatically reduce the heat load on the building by a given value, and therefore save heat and money. In the morning, before the start of the working day, the system will automatically switch to normal operation and warm up the building. The experience of installing such systems shows that the amount of heat savings obtained from the operation of such a system is about 15% in winter and 60-70% in autumn and spring due to constant periodic warming.
Today one of the most effective ways energy saving is the saving of thermal energy at the objects of its final consumption: in heated buildings. The main condition that ensures the possibility of such savings is, first of all, the obligatory equipping of heat points with heat meters, the so-called. heat meters. The presence of such a device allows you to quickly recoup investments in equipping heating systems with energy-saving equipment and in the future to get significant savings in financial costs, usually going to pay the bills of energy companies.
Heat meters. The simplest heat meter today is a device that measures the temperature and flow rate of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the heat supply facility (see Fig.).
Graph 3. Heat calculator operation
According to the information from the sensors, the microprocessor heat calculator determines the heat consumption for the building every moment and integrates it over time.
Technically, heat meters differ from each other in the method of measuring the flow rate of the coolant. To date, commercially available heat meters use the following types of flow meters:
- · Heat meters with variable pressure drop meters. Currently this method very outdated and rarely used.
- · Heat meters with vane (turbine) flow meters. They are the cheapest devices for measuring heat consumption, but have a number of characteristic disadvantages.
- · Heat meters with ultrasonic flowmeters. One of the most progressive, accurate and reliable heat meters today.
- · Heat meters with electromagnetic flowmeters. In terms of quality, they are approximately on the same level as ultrasonic ones. All heat meters use standard resistance thermometers as temperature sensors.
Chart 4. One of standard options single-circuit installation automatic system regulation of heat consumption by the building with correction for weather conditions
The actual standard of any building heating system "in the west" today is the mandatory presence in it of the so-called. automatic heat load control system with weather correction. The most typical scheme of its layout is shown in fig. 3.
Signals about temperatures in the control room and the heating medium supply pipeline are corrective. Another control option is also possible, when the controller will maintain the temperature set according to the schedule in the control room. Such a device is usually equipped with a real-time timer (clock) that takes into account the time of day and switches the building's energy consumption mode from “comfortable” to “economical” and back to “comfortable”. This is especially true, for example, for organizations in which there is no need to maintain a comfortable heating regime in the premises at night or on weekends. The system also has the functions of limiting the value of the maintained temperature according to the upper or lower limit and frost protection.
Graph 5. Scheme of circulation of flows inside the building in conventional systems heat supply
Strange as it may seem, but for some reason at the time Soviet Union in the projects of almost all newly built high-rise buildings, one of the most non-optimal schemes of piping of heating systems was laid in terms of heat distribution, namely, vertical. The presence of such a wiring diagram in itself implies a temperature imbalance on the floors of the building.
Graph 6. Scheme of circulation of flows inside the building in closed loop flows
An example of such a skew ( vertical wiring) is shown in the figure. The direct coolant from the boiler room rises through the supply pipeline to the top floor of the building and from there slowly descends down the risers through the radiators of the heating system, collecting at the bottom into the return pipeline collector. Due to the low flow rate of the coolant through the risers, a temperature imbalance occurs - all the heat is transferred to upper floors and hot water simply does not have time to reach the lower floors, cooling down along the way.
As a result, it is very hot on the upper floors, and people who are there are forced to open the windows through which the very heat that is lacking on the lower floors comes out.
The presence in the building of such a temperature imbalance implies:
Lack of comfort in the premises of the building;
Constant loss of 10-15% of heat (through the windows);
Impossibility of saving heat: any attempt to reduce the heat load will further aggravate the situation with temperature imbalance (because the coolant flow rate through the radiators will become even lower).
To solve a similar problem today, you can only use:
- Complete redesign of the entire heating system of the building, which, by the way, is a very time-consuming and expensive pleasure;
- installation of a circulation pump in the elevator, which will increase the rate of circulation of the coolant through the building.
Similar systems are widespread in the "west". The results of experiments carried out by Western colleagues exceeded all expectations: in the autumn and spring periods, due to frequent temporary warming, the heat consumption at the facilities equipped with these systems amounted to only 40-50%. That is, heat savings at that time amounted to about 50-60%. In winter, the decrease in load was much less: it reached 7-15% and was obtained mainly due to the automatic “night” decrease in temperature in the return pipeline by 3-5 °C by the device. In general, the total average heat savings for the entire heating period, at each of the objects, amounted to about 30-35% compared to last year's consumption. Payback period installed equipment amounted (depending, of course, on the thermal load of the building) from 1 to 5 months.
Scheme 7. circulation pump
The most impressive results from the introduction were achieved in the city of Ilyichevsk, where in 1998 24 central heating centers of OAO Ilyichevskteplokommunenergo (ITKE) were equipped with similar systems. Only thanks to this, ITKE was able to reduce gas consumption in its boiler houses by 30% compared to the previous one. heating period and at the same time significantly reduce the operating time of their network pumps, since the regulators contributed significantly to equalizing hydraulic mode heating networks over time.
The hardware implementation of such a system may be different. Both domestic and imported equipment can be used.
An important element in this scheme is circulation pump. The noiseless, foundationless circulation pump performs the following function: increasing the speed of the coolant flowing through the radiators of the building. To do this, a jumper is installed between the supply and return pipelines, through which a part of the return heat carrier is mixed into the direct one. The same coolant passes quickly and several times along the inner contour of the building. Due to this, the temperature in the supply pipeline drops, and due to the increase in the speed of the coolant flow through the internal contour of the building several times, the temperature in the return pipeline rises. There is an even distribution of heat throughout the building.
The pump is equipped with all necessary safety devices and operates fully automatically.
Its presence is necessary for the following reasons: firstly, it increases the circulation rate of the coolant several times along the internal contour of the heating system, which increases comfort in the building. And secondly, it is necessary because the regulation of the heat load is carried out by reducing the flow rate of the coolant. In the case of a single-pipe wiring of the heating system in the building (and this is the standard of domestic systems), this will automatically increase the temperature imbalance in the rooms: due to a decrease in the flow rate of the coolant, almost all heat will be given off in the first radiators along its course, which will significantly worsen the situation with heat distribution in the building and reduce the efficiency of regulation.
It is difficult to overestimate the prospect of introducing such equipment. This is effective remedy solving the problem of energy saving at the facilities of the end consumer of heat, which is capable of giving such a high economic effect at such relatively low costs.
In addition, there are various methods optimization and the choice of one or another is determined by a specialist based on the specifics of the object.
In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation and Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving ..." should become the norm, both for new construction facilities and for existing buildings, as it is the main tool for managing heat supply. Today, such systems, contrary to popular belief, are quite affordable for most consumers. They are functional, high reliability and allow you to optimize the process of consumption of thermal energy. The payback period for the installation of equipment is within one year.
System automatic regulation heat consumption () allows you to reduce the consumption of thermal energy due to the following factors:
- Elimination of excess thermal energy (overheating) entering the building;
- Decrease in air temperature at night;
- Decrease in air temperature during the holidays.
Aggregated indicators of thermal energy savings from the use of ATS installed in an individual heating point() buildings are shown in fig. No. 1.
Fig.1 Total savings reach 27% or more*
*according to LLC NPP Elekom
The main elements of classical SART in general view shown in fig. No. 2.
Fig.2 Main elements of SART in ITP*
*auxiliary elements are conditionally not shown
Purpose of the weather controller:
- Temperature measurement of outdoor air and coolant;
- KZR valve control, depending on the established control programs (schedules);
- Data exchange with the server.
Purpose of the mixing pump:
- Ensuring a constant flow of coolant in the heating system;
- Providing a variable admixture of the coolant.
Purpose of the KZR valve: control of the flow of coolant from the heating network.
Appointment of temperature sensors: measurement of temperatures of the heat carrier and external air.
Additional options:
- Differential pressure regulator. The regulator is designed to maintain a constant pressure drop of the coolant and eliminates the negative impact of the unstable pressure drop of the heating network on the operation of the ACS. The absence of a differential pressure regulator can lead to unstable system operation, reduced economic effect and reduced equipment life.
- Room temperature sensor. The sensor is designed to control the indoor air temperature.
- Data collection and management server. The server is designed for remote monitoring of equipment performance and correction of heating schedules according to indoor air temperature sensors.
Principle of operation classical scheme SART consists of qualitative regulation supplemented by quantitative regulation. Quality regulation- this is the change in the temperature of the coolant entering the heating system of the building, and quantitative regulation is the change in the amount of coolant coming from the heating network. This process occurs in such a way that the amount of coolant supplied from the heating network changes, and the amount of coolant circulating in the heating system remains constant. Thus, the hydraulic mode of the heating system of the building is preserved and the temperature of the coolant entering the heating devices changes. Keeping the hydraulic regime constant is necessary condition for uniform heating of the building and effective work heating systems.
Physically, the regulation process takes place as follows: the weather controller, in accordance with the individual control programs embedded in it and depending on the current temperatures of the outdoor air and coolant, supplies control actions to the KZR valve. When set in motion, the shut-off body of the KZR valve reduces or increases the flow of network water from the heating network through the supply pipeline to the mixing unit. At the same time, due to the pump in the mixing unit, a proportional selection of the coolant from the return pipeline and mixing it into the supply pipeline is carried out, which, while maintaining the hydraulics of the heating system (the amount of coolant in the heating system), leads to the required changes in the temperature of the coolant entering the heating radiators. The process of lowering the temperature of the incoming coolant reduces the amount of thermal energy that is taken per unit time from heating radiators, which leads to savings.
SART schemes in ITP buildings from different manufacturers may differ slightly, but in all schemes the main elements are: weather controller, pump, KZR valve, temperature sensors.
It should be noted that in the context of the economic crisis, all large quantity potential customers become price sensitive. Consumers start looking alternative options with the lowest equipment composition and cost. Sometimes along this path there is an erroneous desire to save on the installation of a mixing pump. This approach is not justified for SART, installed in ITP buildings.
What happens if the pump is not installed? And the following will happen: as a result of the operation of the KZR valve, the hydraulic pressure drop and, accordingly, the amount of coolant in the heating system will constantly change, which will inevitably lead to uneven heating of the building, inefficient operation of heaters and the risk of stopping the coolant circulation. In addition, at negative outdoor temperatures, “defrosting” of the heating system may occur.
Saving on the quality of the weather controller is also not worth it, because. modern controllers allow you to choose a valve control schedule that, while maintaining comfortable conditions inside the facility, allows you to get significant amounts of savings in thermal energy. This includes such effective programs heat consumption management as: elimination of overheating; reduced consumption at night and non-working days; elimination of overtemperature return water; protection against “defrosting” of the heating system; correction of heating curves according to the air temperature in the room.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to note the importance professional approach to the choice of equipment for the system of weather automatic control of heat consumption in the IHS of the building and emphasize once again that the minimum sufficient basic elements of such a system are: a pump, a valve, a weather controller and temperature sensors.
23 years of work experience, ISO 9001 quality system, licenses and certificates for the production and repair of measuring instruments, SRO approvals (design, installation, energy audit), accreditation certificate in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements and recommendations from customers, including government bodies, municipal administrations, large industrial enterprises, allow the ELECOM enterprise to implement high-tech solutions for energy saving and energy efficiency with an optimal price / quality ratio.
The automatic heat consumption control system SART is a special solution that was developed to automate and optimize the heating processes of an object. The relevance of the issues of saving and reasonable use of energy resources has made SART a popular solution for residents of multi-storey buildings.
The company "MIKS" is engaged in the supply, assembly and installation of systems weather regulation for any objects, offering a simple and effective scheme for connecting equipment.
Why SART is needed
In a nutshell, in order for the house to always have comfortable temperature, at any time of the day, at any time of the year. You do not have to alternately open the windows, then wrap yourself in a blanket because of the vagaries of the weather or the sluggishness of the operators of the heat points or the inflexibility of your autonomous boiler house.
In the daytime and at night, in winter, spring and autumn, on sunny and cloudy days, there will be a different temperature regime on the street. In the Urals, the daily temperature difference can reach 30 degrees or more. Soheating, which in most cases operates in one mode, does not respond to temperature fluctuations in any way environment. And in 24 hours your home can be both hot and cold.
It is also worth considering the different needs for temperature regime at home depending on the time of day and day of the week. During the day, when everyone is at home, the temperature should be higher, at night, when everyone is sleeping, it should be lower. If there is no one at home on weekdays during the day, then the daytime temperature can be reduced, and the evening temperature, by the time everyone comes home, can be increased.
All this can be provided by SART.
How the weather control system works
SART is a set of equipment that controls weather changes, outdoor and indoor temperatures, takes into account the wishes of households and, based on the data obtained, increases or decreases the heating intensity of the coolant, reduces or increases its circulation rate in the system.
SART has several basic elements without which its work would not be possible. The main components include:
Temperature sensor, which is installed on the shady side of the object;
Temperature sensor that controls the heating of the air in the room;
Control valve, which is responsible for the intensity of the circulation of the coolant;
Pumps pumping coolant;
A controller that processes all data, is programmable and performs all operations;
Remote communication unit, optional.
The controller constantly requests information from temperature sensors that are installed indoors and outdoors. Analyzes the received data and, based on the result, makes a decision to increase or decrease the heating of the coolant or the intensity of its circulation. At the same time, SART can work both simply within the limits established norms, guided by a simple pattern, and be guided in their work by certain algorithms.
SART can be programmed not only to respond to weather whims, but also to maintain the appropriate air temperature in the room according to the schedule. The schedule and conditions are set individually by each client.
Strengths and Benefits of CARTS
The automatic weather control system is effective in private houses and cottages, as well as in apartment buildings where installed individual appliances accounting for thermal energy. Savings on heat supply and heating after the introduction of ATS reaches 50%. These indicators can be achieved through integrated use features:
regulate the temperature of the coolant depending on weather conditions;
use the heating intensity according to the programmable schedule.
The effect is most noticeable on objects that have good insulation contour of the heated building. When installing SART in apartment buildings, savings can be noticeable after the first month of using the software and hardware complex.
SART installation by MIX
By contacting us, you will receive a full range of services, starting with consultation and initial inspection of the facility, ending with warranty and service maintenance of equipment. We are engaged in the development and coordination of project documentation, the selection of equipment and the completion of the facility. We carry out all installation work, if necessary, independently attract responsible specialists from service companies. We carry out a cycle of commissioning, set up equipment and conduct training presentations.
Our company provides a guarantee for all equipment and work performed. And at the end warranty period, offer service maintenance to their clients. The payback period for ATS is on average 1 to 1.5 heating seasons. And the average savings is from 20 to 50% depending on the object.
Currently, the share of payment for HEATING, the largest line in the receipt for communal payments. In this regard, many owners are interested in the possibility of reducing these costs.
One way to do this is to equip the home heating system with an automatic ITP (weather regulator).
The system of weather regulation of heating justifies itself only if a heat meter (heat energy metering unit) is already installed in the house.
It is difficult for the energy industry to comply temperature chart(temperatures on the heating supply and return pipelines depending on the outdoor air temperature). Their goal is to give as much as possible more heat for consumers, in order to have enough temperature for all houses located in the area around the central heating station (nearest, and remote). Also, at the central heating station, the parameters of the coolant do not change in reciprocity with the time of day (sunny day, night, day of the week, etc.)
Automatic heat control system
After equipping with automatic ITP, each house will be able to individually regulate the parameters of the coolant of the internal heating circuit (battery temperature), according to the specified parameters, depending on the external temperature. It is also constantly at a sufficient level to maintain the circulation of the coolant inside the house, during a low pressure drop provided by power engineers. (Example: Autumn 2013, complaints about cold batteries due to a difference of less than 1 m between supply and return at ITP elevators).
Automatic ITP allows you to save up to 35% (or more) Gcal, and hence money. Considering that apartment house pay for heating heating season several million rubles, then saving even 25% pays for the entire system from one season! And with an increase in the tariff (price per Gcal), the payback time decreases.
The principle of operation of automation
Automatic ITP (Weather Control Unit) consists of a control valve with an electric drive, a circulation pump, check valve, temperature sensors, electrical cabinet controls (with a software controller), shut-off and control valves, filters, etc. The characteristics of the components for the weather regulator are selected by an experienced designer based on a specific object. Here are taken into account thermal loads, flow rate, hydraulic resistance, differential and much more.
Our company has extensive experience in the design, installation and commissioning of these devices.
The weather control system works in the following way. Outside air sensor (output to shady side street) measures the outside temperature. Two sensors on the supply and return pipes measure the temperature of the heating system. The programmable logic controller calculates the required delta and controls the flow rate of the coolant by controlling the valve. If the heating network does not have the required differential, then the problem is eliminated by installing an automatic balancing valve.