Heating in houses without a meter. We consider independently payment for heating in conditions with and without individual meters

Heat / Heating, heat supply - payment

At the start of each heating season residents apartment buildings again and again the question arises: on what basis do we pay "for heat?", "isn't it too much?" and “how to check the correctness of charges for heating?”.

And yet, the payment for heating is the most incomprehensible part of the payments for the "communal" for citizens. In the receipts that we receive, there is a line "Heating". It has a meaningless unit of measure - " gigacalories". And even less for us anything explaining figure in the column "volume of services rendered."

What services? How are they counted? And what about calories? And where does the number of them come from, which for some reason is attributed to your apartment? Let's figure it out.

But let's say right away - the calculation of the amount that you have to pay for heat occurs according to rather complicated rules. They include many formulas and take some time to figure out.

Therefore, we propose to act as follows: first, consider the logic of calculations as a whole, you can understand which of the options applies to your home. And then we will go through the formulas by which the payment for heating is calculated in each specific variant.

How is the heating bill calculated? General logic

So, let's start with " calories", or rather Gigacalories (Gcal). These are units of measure for thermal energy. She, thermal energy, is supplied to your apartments by means of a heat carrier - i.e. water heated to the desired temperature.

Passing through the heating system of the house, the coolant gives up part of its energy and makes the batteries and risers in your apartment hot. Therefore, it is natural that the amount of heat that enters our house is measured in Gcal.

If you have a heat meter in your apartment, then answering this question is relatively simple. How much the counter counted, so much was consumed. Plus, you need to add that part of the heat that goes to heating. landings, elevator halls, etc. This is called heat for common house needs. How its volume is calculated, we will indicate below.

In general, we can say that it is, of course, easier to calculate the volume of your consumption using an apartment heat meter. The problem, however, is that heat meters in apartments of high-rise buildings began to be installed quite recently and few people have them installed now. However, there are such people, and the current legislation clearly describes how they calculate their payment. We will consider this in detail.

A much more common case is when the heat meter is at the "entrance" to an apartment building. Such a counter is called a common house or collective. His testimony makes it possible to understand how much heat entered the house. Then you can calculate how much of this energy falls on each apartment.

Distribution in this case occurs in proportion to the area of ​​apartments. This calculation looks quite logical. All necessary formulas we present below.

Well, what happens if there is no common house heat meter? We answer: the calculation is carried out according to the heating standards. The standard in this case is the calculated amount of thermal energy that is necessary to heat one square meter of housing for a month. They are measured in Gcal per sq. meter.

Insofar as temperature regime we have in winter different parts country is very different, then the standards for heating are determined by regional authorities and differ in different subjects of the federation. In addition, for different types Housing can be set and different standards. Which is quite logical - the heat loss in the old barracks and the relatively modern 11-story building built in the 80s, of course, is different.

The algorithm for calculating the payment for heating according to the standards is quite simple. The area of ​​​​your apartment is multiplied by the current standard, the result is the amount of thermal energy that is (theoretically) needed to keep you warm. Naturally, all these calculations are somewhat speculative and often do not correspond to the actual consumption of thermal energy.

Our government has been stubbornly fighting with payment for heating according to the standards for some time now. The installation of general building heat meters is recognized as mandatory. And if there is no common house meter (although technical possibility for its installation is available), then the payment for heating is charged with “penalty” coefficients. From January 1, 2017, it is 1.5. The details of the calculation according to the standard are also given below.

In the meantime, let's sum up the intermediate result. The figure that describes the amount of heat consumed in your bill can appear in one of three ways:

• based on your testimony apartment meter heat (plus your share of the heat consumption for general house needs)
• based on the total volume of heat consumption attributable to your share (calculated according to the general building meter)
• based on heating standards, if you do not have a common house meter in your house.

Another important clarification: according to the current legislation, the payment for heating can be calculated:

• during the heating season
• throughout the year

Which of these options to follow is decided by the regional authorities. If a decision is made to charge heating fees throughout the year, then special correction factors are applied in the formulas for calculating heating fees. We will talk about them below, in the section where formulas are analyzed.

Here we note one important thing concerning payments for heat throughout the year: if you pay for heat in the summer months, and your house has a common house heat meter, then you must make an annual adjustment payment for heating.

Just mark it for yourself, we'll get to that in more detail below.

Now that we have generally figured out how the payment for heat is calculated, let's move on to the formulas that describe what kind of payment you should have.

How is the payment for heating calculated if payments are received only during the heating season?

Currently, the cost of heating services is calculated on the basis of the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011. The current version of this document.

In order not to be confused in the future, we will call this document easier - " Rules».

Let us clarify once again, if your payment for heat is charged only for the period October - May, then everything written in this section applies specifically to you. If, in your case, payments for heat come monthly, including in summer, then.

Let's proceed directly to the calculation of payment for heat. Their algorithm, as we wrote above, depends on the following factors:

• the presence of a common house meter in the house
• availability of apartment (individual) heat meters in all apartments and non-residential premises of the house
• and also (we did not write about this above, but now we will bring you up to date) from the presence in at least 50% of residential (and non-residential) premises apartment building so-called "distributors»

Let's deal with each of these points.

Option 1. A common house heat meter is not installed in your house.

In this case, the heating fee is calculated based on three parameters:

• the standard for heating approved in your region, how many gigacalories (Gcal) are needed to heat one square meter for a month
• approved heating tariff for your heat supplier, i.e. how much is one Gcal
• the area of ​​​​your apartment (we recall that the heated area does not include the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe loggia or balcony).

The formula that describes the calculation of the payment for heating in the absence of an individual (apartment) and a common house meter looks like this:

Si- total area i of residential or non-residential premises.

N t- the standard for the consumption of utility services for heating.

T t- tariff for thermal energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation

In other words, the area of ​​​​your apartment is taken, multiplied by the heating standard (how many gigacalories are considered necessary to heat one square meter of area) and multiplied by the heat tariff in force in your region (the cost of one gigacalorie).

It is also worth considering that if you apartment building a common house heating meter is not worth it, although there is a technical possibility for its installation, then a multiplying factor is applied when calculating the heating fee. Thus, the government encourages the managing organizations of houses and residents to install common house meters.

The value of this multiplying factor for 2016 is assumed to be 1.4. And from January 1, 2017 - 1.5.

Option 2. There is a common house heat meter, heating meters are not installed in the apartments

It is worth noting that the formula below is valid only if none of the apartments in the house is equipped with an individual heat meter. If so, then the calculation is in the following way:

V d- volume (quantity) consumed for billing period thermal energy determined according to the readings of the collective (common house) thermal energy meter, which is equipped with an apartment building.

Si- total area of ​​the i-th residential or non-residential premises

S about b - the total area of ​​​​all residential and non-residential premises apartment building

T t- tariffs for thermal energy, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

To simplify, the total amount of heat consumed in an apartment building is taken.

It determines the share attributable to your apartment (based on the ratio of the total area of ​​​​the house and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment).

The resulting amount of heat in gigacalories is multiplied by the tariff in force in your area.

Option 3. The common house meter is standing, individual counters all apartments (non-residential premises) are equipped with heat

"all

Vi n- volume (quantity) consumed during the billing period in i-th residential or non-residential premises of a communal resource, determined by the readings of an individual or common (apartment) metering device in the i-th residential or non-residential premises.

Vi one

V i one = Vd - ∑ i V i n

Si

S about

T T

The bottom line is that the amount of heat consumed in the apartment is taken (based on the readings of the apartment meter), and the part of the general house heat consumption passing to this apartment is added to it.

Option 4. A common house meter is installed, at least one, but not all apartments are equipped with individual heat meters

In this case, the payment for heating is carried out in the following form:

Si- the area of ​​the apartment,

V D- the volume of consumption in the house, calculated according to the common house heat meter,

S about- the total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building,

T T- heat tariff,

Vi- heat consumption in the apartment in question. If a heat meter is installed in it, then the volume of consumption by the meter is meant.

If we are talking about an apartment that is not equipped with a heat meter, then the consumption for it is calculated by a separate formula:

Vi= S i x ∑V IPU /∑S iIPU,

In other words, to calculate the volume of heat, the average volume of heat consumption per square meter in apartments equipped with heat meters and this average reading is multiplied by the area of ​​the apartment in question. Those. for apartments without meters, the average heat consumption is extrapolated, which is calculated for apartments with meters.

In general, Option 4 assumes that the share of heat consumption for general house needs attributable to this room is added to the heat consumption in the apartment. This volume is proportional to the ratio of the area of ​​this apartment and the sum of the areas of all residential and non-residential premises.

As you can see, the principle is the same as when calculating the payment for heating in houses where all apartments are equipped with individual heat meters.

Option 5. Payment for heat in an apartment building, where more than 50% of the apartments are equipped with distributors

The distributor is a sensor that is installed on the radiator (outside) and takes into account the amount of heat that the battery gives off to environment. In other words, this is an analogue of a heat meter, operating on other principles.

The rules require public utilities to take the readings of distributors to calculate heating fees. It is only necessary that two conditions are met:

• a high-rise building must be equipped with a common house (collective) heat meter
• distributors should be installed in apartments that collectively occupy more than 50% of all residential and non-residential premises of the house

If these conditions are met, then once a year (and more often by the decision of the meeting of residents) the payment for heating apartments with distributors is adjusted based on the readings of these devices.

The formula in this case is:

Pi- the amount of payment for the provided utility service for heating in the i-th residential premises equipped with distributors (apartment) or non-residential premises in an apartment building for the period for which the adjustment is made,

k- the number of residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises equipped with distributors in an apartment building,

p- the number of distributors installed in the i-th residential premises (apartment) or non-residential premises in an apartment building;

m qi— the share of the volume of consumption of public heating services attributable to q-th distributor, installed in the i-th residential premises (apartment) or non-residential premises in an apartment building, in the volume of consumption of the heating utility in all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises equipped with distributors in an apartment building.

The meaning of this formula is:

• the entire payment for heating is taken, which (based on the standards, according to the formula of Option 2) was paid by the apartments where the distributors are installed
• the share of each of your distributors in the amount of heat that was taken into account by the distributors in all apartments is calculated
• then these shares are summed up and thus your share in heat consumption among all apartments equipped with distributors is calculated
• we multiply the total amount of payment for heat by all apartments with distributors by your share in this consumption (judging by the readings of the distributors).
• the resulting figure will be your payment for heat for the adjusted period.

If it turns out to be more than you have already paid, the future heat payment will be credited to your account. If less, an additional corrective payment will be made.

How is the heating fee calculated if payments are received throughout the year?

In this case, the heating fee is charged throughout the year in equal installments. The payment calculation algorithm here will also depend on

presence / absence of a common house heat meter

presence/absence of individual heat meters in apartments.

At the same time, if there is a common house metering device in the house, then the residents should annually adjust the payment for heating.

So let's consider possible options heating charges.

Option 1. The house has neither common house nor individual heat meters

The payment for heating in the i-th room (apartment) in this case is calculated according to the standards. The calculation formula is:

Si

N T— standard for consumption of thermal energy for heating (Gcal / sq. m);

To- coefficient of frequency of payment by consumers for utility services for heating, determined by dividing the number of full months of the heating period in a year by the number calendar months in years.

T T - the tariff for thermal energy, established in accordance with the legislation Russian Federation(rub ./Gcal);

At the same time, if you do not have a common house heating meter in an apartment building, but there is a technical possibility for installing it, then a multiplying factor will be applied when calculating the heating fee.

The coefficient is not applied if there is an act of inspection of the house, during which it was recognized that it was not technically possible to install a collective (common house) heat energy meter.

Option 2. A house-wide heat meter is installed in the house, apartment heat meters are not installed in all apartments and non-residential premises

In this case, the calculation of the heating fee is carried out according to the following formula:

Si- the total area of ​​​​the i-th premise (apartment) in an apartment building or the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ba residential building (sq. M);

V T- the average monthly consumption of thermal energy for heating for the previous year (Gcal / sq. m) based on the readings of the collective heat meter;

T T— tariff for heat energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (RUB/Gcal).

In the absence of information on the volumes of consumption of thermal energy for the past year, the amount of payment for heating is determined by the formula for calculating the payment for heat according to the standard.

Once a year, the amount of payment for heating in the i-th residential premises of an apartment building should be adjusted according to the formula:

P k.pr- the amount of payment for thermal energy, determined based on the readings of collective (common house) metering devices installed in an apartment building (rub.)

Si- the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe i-th room (apartment, non-residential premises) in an apartment building or the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ba residential building (sq. M);

S about- the total area of ​​​​all premises in an apartment building or residential building (sq. M);

P fn.i — overall size payment for heating in the i-th residential building of an apartment building for the past year (rub.).

In other words, charging for heat is coming based on the average monthly volume of consumption recorded by the general house meter for the past year.

When data on the average heat consumption in the current year appears, a recalculation (adjustment) is made based on these data.

Option 3. The house has a common house heat meter, all (100%) apartments and non-residential premises are equipped with individual heat meters

The key here is the clarification that heat metering devices are equipped precisely "all » (100%) apartments and non-residential premises.

In this case, the following formula applies:

Vi n- volume ( quantity) of thermal energy, determined on the basis of the average monthly volume of consumption of thermal energy for heating according to the readings of an individual (apartment) meter for the previous year

Si- total area of ​​the i-th room of an apartment building

S about- the total area of ​​​​all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in an apartment building

T T- tariff (price) for a communal resource (in this case, for thermal energy), established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Vi one- the volume ( quantity) of thermal energy provided for the billing period for general house needs in an apartment building equipped with a collective ( common house) heat energy meter.

This volume of heat for general house needs is calculated, in turn, according to the following formula:

V D- the amount of heat energy consumed in an apartment building for the billing period, determined on the basis of the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for heating according to the readings of the collective (common house) metering device for the previous year.

The bottom line is that the amount of heat that was consumed by the apartment on average per month last year (according to the readings of the apartment meter) is taken and the part of last year's general house heat consumption passing to this apartment is added to it.

The resulting figure is multiplied by the current heating tariff.

At the same time, the size of the payment for heating in the i-th residential or non-residential premises of an apartment building is adjusted once a year according to the formula:

P k.p- the amount of payment for thermal energy consumed over the past year in all premises, determined based on the readings of the collective (common house) metering device and the tariff for thermal energy, approved in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rub.);

Pn.n- the amount of payment for thermal energy consumed during the billing period in premises not equipped with metering devices, determined on the basis of the standard for consumption of thermal energy and the tariff for thermal energy approved in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

S about- the total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building (sq. M);

Si- the total area of ​​​​the i-th room (apartment, non-residential premises) in an apartment building (sq. M);

Pnp- the amount of payment for heat energy consumed over the past year in an apartment building equipped with a collective (common house) heat meter, with the exception of the volume (amount) of heat energy consumed over the past year in all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building. This indicator is determined, in turn, by the formula:

V i one \u003d V D - ∑ i V i n

V D- the volume of thermal energy consumed in an apartment building for the billing period, determined on the basis of the average monthly volume of thermal energy consumption for heating according to the readings of the collective (common house) metering device for the previous year.

V i - the volume of consumption of thermal energy in the i-th residential or non-residential premises, based on the average monthly volume of consumption of thermal energy for heating according to the meter for the previous year.

Instead of a conclusion

After reading everything written above, we believe you could not help but ask the question - and what's next? Okay, the formulas are more or less clear. But how to find out if we have a collective meter in the house, how to get acquainted with its testimony? What is the standard for heating, heat tariffs in our region? Where can I get all this?!

These questions are legitimate and we hope that in the foreseeable future we will try to following material give them (and a number of other, no less relevant) answers.

But, we hope that this article, which you have already read, will give you the opportunity, although in in general terms start looking into the issue. And this is already a big deal. After all, we pay the most for heat from utilities. And it would be nice to understand, at least as a first approximation, where the numbers come from in the line "heating" of our receipts.

The cost of housing heating is one of the most significant components of the bills that we pay for housing and communal services. It is not surprising, therefore, that among FAQ arising from consumers of public services, important place occupies the procedure for calculating payment for the supply of heat to our homes. We decided to raise this topic again due to the loss of force of the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307, and the adoption of a new document of June 29, 2016 No. 603 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of providing public services. Starting from July 1, 2016, the procedure for calculating the payment for heating has been changed, so on the pages of the MG we will analyze where the specific figures in the “heating” column will come from in 2017.

Today, calculations for thermal energy can be carried out in one of two ways:

• only during the heating period
• evenly throughout the calendar year

A specific method is chosen by the Moscow Government no more than once a year by October 1 of the current year and is implemented decision only in the next year: from July 1, when switching to equal payment throughout the year, or from the first day of the heating season, when switching to payment, respectively, in heating season.

For 2017, the City Government has maintained a uniform method of paying for heating in Moscow, excluding the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky districts. However, the same settlement procedure applies to TiNAO.

In 2017, residents of houses that are still not equipped with a common house heat energy meter will pay 1.5 times more than residents of those houses where such a meter is installed.

Let's consider four typical cases, according to which payment for heat supply to our houses is charged.

Case 1 The house is not equipped with a common house metering device (OPU), while there is no technical possibility of its installation. This mainly concerns the old housing stock. Here the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

Case 2. The house is not equipped with a control room, but at the same time it is technically possible to install it (housing stock, where, for various reasons, a common house heat energy meter has not yet been installed). In this case, the calculation is carried out as follows:

As can be seen from the above formula, residents of houses that are still not equipped with a common house heat energy meter will pay 1.5 times in 2017 more houses where such a counter is installed. In accordance with federal law 261-FZ "On Energy Supply and Improving Energy Efficiency", general meters must be installed in all apartment buildings before July 1, 2012, then this period was extended, however, today, even in Moscow, not all houses are equipped with them. A special multiplier should encourage homeowners to take steps to have such meters in their homes. However, for example, in the settlement of Sosenskoye, the PMU are placed in the old housing stock as part of a long-term target program at the expense of the local budget.

Case 3 The house has an operating room, but not all rooms are equipped individual devices heat metering (IPU). This case includes the vast majority of houses built after the enactment of the law "On Energy Saving", when the installation of common house meters became the responsibility of developers. In this example, the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

Once a year, the payment for heating is adjusted based on actual consumption, according to the formula:

In this case, the management company during the year evenly calculates payment according to the standard or average actual consumption for the previous year, and after a year it recalculates based on the readings of the common house meter. At the same time, the recalculation can be either up or down, depending on how cold and long the heating season was, as well as on the economy of heat consumption by the owners, including in places common use.

Case 4 The house is equipped with an operating control room and all the premises of the house are also equipped with an operating control room. This case mainly applies to new buildings with a horizontal distribution of the heating system, which allows you to install a heat meter separately for each apartment. The calculation will be carried out according to the following formula:

Heating payment adjustment based on actual consumption (once a year):

Separately, it should be noted that in order to apply the calculation scheme No. 4, all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building must be equipped with meters. At the same time, all meters must be in good condition, undergo verification within the established time limits (1 time in 4 years), and must also be put into operation with the involvement of management company. This situation makes it virtually impossible to pay for individual heat meters, since one non-working or non-verified device is enough for the calculation to be made according to scheme No. 3.

The government has decided to maintain a uniform payment for heat consumption in apartment buildings for 2017.

So, we have considered 4 typical cases of payment for thermal energy, which are faced by the owners of multi-apartment residential buildings (multi-apartment buildings stand apart, where common property includes its own boiler house and where the owners pay not for thermal energy, but, as a rule, for gas, which is used to heat water). As you can see, according to the amendments to federal legislation, now the Moscow Government determines how Muscovites will pay for heating: evenly throughout the year or only during the heating period. So far, the decision has been made to keep the payment evenly over 12 months. It can be assumed that this is due to the desire to evenly distribute the load on family budgets(primarily low-income citizens). If, say, the annual payment for heating is 12,000 rubles and this amount is distributed evenly throughout the year, then the monthly burden on the budget will be 1,000 rubles. If payment is made only during the heating period, which in our region is 5-6 months, then heating costs during this period increase by 2 times, although they disappear completely in the rest of the year.

Regulations:

1. In accordance with paragraph 42.1 of the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings).

2. Clause 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the Provision of Public Services”.

3. Decree of the Government of Moscow of September 29, 2016 N 629-PP “On maintaining a uniform procedure for making payments for utility services for heating in the city of Moscow and amending the Decree of the Government of Moscow of January 11, 1994 N 41”.

4. Clause 3 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the Provision of Public Services”.

5. Clause 2(1), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).

6. Clause 2(2), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).

7. Clause 3(2), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).

8. Clause 3(3), Appendix 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”).

Heating bills make up the lion's share of total utility bills. Learn from this article how the heating fee is calculated under the new rules of 2016 and how the tariff is determined when meters are not installed. Knowing how to "read" the receipt, you will be aware of how much and for what you pay. This will allow timely detection of intentional or accidental errors in the calculations indicated in the receipts.

The formula for calculating the heating fee

The rules for the provision of public services are regulated by Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 and No. 344. They indicate that the calculation of payments for heating is made in two ways:

• Based on meter readings.
• According to consumption standards (if meters are not installed).

Without appliances

The total area of ​​the apartment x the norm of heat energy consumption x the heating tariff established in the region.

According to the current legislation, in all houses where there is a technical possibility, common house meters should be installed. In their absence, when calculating the heating fee, a multiplying factor is applied. In 2016 it was 1.4, and since the beginning of 2017 it has been raised to 1.6.

With common meter

Another calculation method is applied when only one is installed in the house general appliance accounting, but there are no meters in the apartments. In this case, the formula is applied:

The total amount of heat consumed in the house x area of ​​the apartment / total area of all rooms in the building x tariff set in the region.

The total amount of heat consumed in the house is determined on the basis of the readings of the common house meter taken over a certain period of time. Usually it is 1 month.

With individual meter

Now let's see how heating is calculated in an apartment in which an individual heat meter is installed. The formula is pretty simple:

The amount of heat consumed (readings of the apartment meter) x the heating tariff established in the region.

Calculation of payment for heating in this way is carried out only if two conditions are met:

1. Metering devices are installed in 100% of apartments.
2. The building has a communal meter.

Let's look at a specific example of how the heating fee is calculated:

How is the tariff determined if there are no meters

Although the state encourages owners to install metering devices, not everyone still has them. In such cases, the tariff is calculated in one of two ways:

• If even a common house metering device is not installed, the tariff set by the local administration is taken.
• If there is a common house meter, the tariff is calculated for a particular house.

The tariff is reviewed once a year. Its size is affected different options, the main ones are:

• energy prices;
• payroll costs;
• average temperature for the last 5 heating seasons.

When the heating season ends, the tariff is revised and the costs for the past season are recalculated. If the actual costs are lower, the resulting overpayment remains on the personal account of the owner. It will go towards paying for heating next year. If it is revealed that the tariff has been underestimated, additional amounts appear in the receipts.
Please note - if you yourself found a discrepancy between the amount accrued and paid, you have the right to write an application for recalculation. Sample application for recalculation utility bills can be downloaded from this article

Heating costs are growing every year, and many consumers are interested in what they pay for and why the numbers in the bill are getting bigger. The cost of heating is calculated according to the norm of heat consumption, and in apartment buildings it depends on the heated area and on general house expenses.

Each consumer must know how the calculation of heating fees is carried out according to the standard in order to be able to control the fairness of charges in the management company.

The amount of the heating fee depends on various factors.

In Russia, there are two main documents that are used to calculate heating fees. The first of these is the Government Decree No. 354 dated 06.05.11. It regulates the rules for the provision of public services to residents of apartment buildings. This document became an alternative to government decree No. 307 of May 23, 2006, but in practice the old decree is still in effect.

The decision on which rules are used to calculate payments is made at the local level, the region chooses for itself best option. There is a very important difference between them: according to the Rules established in Decree No. 354, heating fees are charged only during the heating season, and are not distributed throughout the year. On the one hand, this simplified the calculation method, on the other hand, it led to an increase in the financial burden on the consumer.

According to the new rules, from October to May, it rises sharply, as it begins to include the cost of heating. Many consumers find it difficult to pay increased bills, which leads to increased debt. According to the traditional method established in the rules. Decree No. 307, consumers throughout the year pay approximately the same amount for an apartment, and it is adjusted taking into account the general increase in tariffs.

The amount of payment for heat depends on the installed common house meter, the presence of heat meters in apartments, as well as the presence of distribution sensors in residential and non-residential premises.

Calculation of the fee with an uninstalled common house meter

A common house meter saves

If the apartment building is not equipped with a common building, the heating fee is calculated based on three main factors:

• heating standard. This is the number of gigacalories that is required to heat one square meter to the required temperatures. meters of area. Each region sets its own standard depending on climatic conditions.
• heating tariff. This is the cost of one gigacalorie of heat, set for a given region.
• The size of the heated area. In an apartment building, it does not include the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe loggia or balcony.

Thus, the calculation of the heating fee in this case is carried out according to a relatively simple formula:
The amount of the fee = standard * tariff *, the standard and the tariff are set by the regional authorities.

The total cost of heat does not depend on the number of calories of heat energy actually consumed, so this method of calculation is used less and less. Now all over Russia is coming campaign to improve the energy efficiency of heat supply, therefore heat meters are being actively installed.

Calculation of the fee with the installed common house meter

A more common situation today is that a common house has been installed in an apartment building, while there are no individual heat consumption meters in the apartments, engineering communications in many houses are such that it is simply impossible to include individual meters in the heating system, and each consumer does not have the opportunity to independently increase or decrease heating. In this case, the calculation is based on four main parameters:

• The total amount of heat energy consumed by the house is determined by the readings of the common house meter. Its installation allows you not to pay for the heat lost along the road due to uninsulated heating mains and other problems of heating networks.
• The heated area of ​​the consumer's apartment or non-residential premises.
• The total heated area of ​​the building. All residential premises are taken into account, as well as entrances, attached shops connected to a common heating system, etc.
• The statutory tariff for thermal energy. Tariffs are determined by local authorities.

The calculation formula is as follows: Payment for heat = total volume * area of ​​the apartment / area of ​​the house * established tariff. Thus, the distribution of fees becomes more equitable, since each house actually pays only for itself.

However, even in this case, the calculation system is not ideal: since consumers do not have the ability to control heat consumption, it is often necessary to simply “heat the street”, releasing heat outside due to its excess. However, you still have to pay for it in full. Because of this, more and more popular is becoming more modern version calculation with individual counters.

Calculation of fees with installed individual meters

An individual meter allows you to pay for the actual heat consumed

If individual heat consumption meters are installed in all apartments, the calculation becomes more complicated, but in the end the consumer pays for the energy actually used, and this option turns out to be the most profitable. The following parameters are taken into account in the calculation:

• The amount of heat consumed by one residential or non-residential premises is determined by the readings of an individual meter. At least 95% of the premises in the building must be equipped with metering devices.
• The amount of heat consumed by the whole house is taken into account on the basis of the indications of the general house meter.
• The area of ​​the apartment for which the heating charge is calculated.
• The total heated area of ​​the house. Includes residential and non-residential premises.
• Government-established tariff for thermal energy.

All these parameters are taken into account when calculating according to the following formula: Fee = ( individual warmth+ total heat * apartment area/total area) * tariff.

From the readings of the common house meter, the sum of the readings of individual meters is subtracted, and the remainder is divided among all consumers. Thus, the residents of the house pay for the heating of the entrance and other premises on their own. general purpose, however, the main calculation is carried out precisely on the basis of individual counters.

This allows you to significantly reduce on heating, as you do not have to pay for worn-out networks and endless utility breakdowns. And yet, the option with individual meters is not always possible to implement: most often a common house meter is installed in the house, and as a result, residents still have to partially pay for each other. This also causes difficulties in the fight against debtors: they cannot be disconnected from a single heating system, and as a result, they continue to use the heat paid for by other people.

The procedure for calculating payment for heat according to the rules of 2006

According to the rules, every year a recalculation must be carried out.

If payment for heat is charged according to the old rules, and a common house meter is installed in the house, then the final figures in consumer receipts will depend on how much heat the apartment building consumed during the past year.

This value is divided by the total area of ​​the building, and is taken into account as residential apartments and non-residential premises such as offices and shops. The result is the amount of heat per 1 sq. square meter, it is divided into 12 months.

After that, the resulting average monthly energy consumption is multiplied by the tariff approved by the local government. The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment. Calculation example based on 2011 tariffs for Izhevsk. According to the general house meter, the total amount of thermal energy consumed in one year amounted to 990 gigacalories.

The total area of ​​all apartments in the house and common areas is 5500 meters. After the calculation, it turns out that during the year per 1 sq. meter spent 0.015 gigacalories per month. The resulting average monthly volume is multiplied by the cost of 1 gigacalorie of heat at the established rate. 943.60 (tariff) * 0.015 * 1.18 (VAT) = 16.70 rubles per 1 sq. meter of heated area.

The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach particular apartment. If, for example, it is 45 sq. meters, then the total monthly cost of heating will be 751.5 rubles per month. It is this figure that residents will see in their bills throughout the year, since it is not the amount of heat spent per month that is taken into account, but the average monthly consumption received at the end of the last year.

How is the payment for heating calculated according to these rules if a common house meter is not installed in the house? In this case, the standard is used - the amount of thermal energy required for heating. For each house, it is determined separately, this information should be in the public domain. When contacting the management company, a tenant of an apartment building must receive all the information on how the payment for heat is calculated.

According to the rules of Decree No. 307, a recalculation must be carried out in the house every year. It takes into account the amount of heat consumed in the past year, and a new payment is calculated based on it.

If the figures in the payment raise doubts and seem overpriced, he has the right to demand that the recalculation be recalculated. To do this, an application is written and sent to the management company, it must indicate the time for which it is necessary to recalculate. Public utilities do not have the right to refuse to apply, the answer is provided within 4 days. If, after re-calculation, an overpayment is detected, it must be deducted from the amount of the debt for the next month.

Knowing the laws allows you to fight for your rights and seek justice. Regular increase in tariffs creates a serious burden on, so you need to achieve fair accounting for heat losses.

You can find out how the payment for heating is calculated from the video:

Utility bills received this month in mailboxes residents of Volgograd, caused a real shock among the townspeople. Monthly "communal" two-room apartments passed for five thousand rubles, one-room - for four. Most of all questions were caused by the sums for heating.

The Heat Supply Concessions helped to deal with the calculation of payment for heating in apartment buildings.

“Although the resource supplying organization is not engaged in settlement services, we are ready to deal with payments for heat together with consumers,” they say in Concessions.

So, how to check the calculations: have you calculated the heating fee correctly?

If there is a common house heat meter

If a common house metering device is installed in an apartment building, then the fee is calculated based on the readings of the metering device (PU).

Looking for in payment document table "Information on common house PU for calculation in the current period." In the table we find the line "Heating". The column "ODPU" contains numbers, in our example it is 171.925. This is the amount of heat in gigacalories (Gcal) consumed by the whole house in the past month.

In the information block to the left of this table are indicated general information about the house, including "Total area of ​​residential premises" and "Total area of ​​non-residential premises". If we add these two figures, we find out the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises of the whole house, in our example it is 8091.9 square meters (8051.5 sq. m + 40.4 sq. m = 8091.9 sq. m).

Then we divide the total amount of heat by the total area of ​​​​the premises in the house - we get the heat consumption per square meter, in our case - 0.02125 Gcal (171.925 Gcal / 8091.9 \u003d 0.02125). To calculate how much heat was spent on heating a particular apartment, you need to multiply the consumption per square meter by the total area of ​​​​the apartment: 0.02125 x 64.8 = 1.377 Gcal. This figure is indicated in the "Volume" column of the "Heating" line.

According to the tariffs set by the tariff regulation committee, one gigacalorie for the population in Volgograd costs 1,643.5 rubles (column "Tariff, rubles").

Now we can calculate the heating fee: 1643.5 x 1.377 = 2263.1 rubles. If the owner of the apartment does not have recalculations, installments of debt, fines of the management company in his favor, the accruals will coincide with the total amount for heating. However, there are other methods for calculating payment for heat, for example, not all managing organizations include the area of ​​non-residential premises in the calculation.

Managing organizations take the readings of common house metering devices once a month and transfer them to the settlement center. Representatives of the owners have the right to be present at the taking of testimony (as a rule, this is done by the Council of the apartment building).

If there is no counter

If the house is not equipped with a meter, the heating fee is calculated based on the standards. In our example of a payment order, the standard is indicated for reference, for this house it is 0.023 Gcal per square meter.

If there is no heat meter, to calculate the amount of payment, the standard is multiplied by the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment and by the value of the tariff.

The standards are set by the Tariff Regulation Committee of the Volgograd Region for various types houses depending on the year of construction of the building, material, degree of improvement and other factors.

From these calculations it can be seen that the total amount of payment for heating does not depend on heat losses in the networks, or on the quality of insulation, or on the length of the heating main supplying heat to the house, or on the floor on which the apartment is located, or even on the number of registered in her residents.

Homeowners pay only for the heat that has entered their house - according to the standard or according to the meter, which is installed at the entrance to the house. In this case, the total amount of heat consumed is divided among all residents - in proportion to the area of ​​the apartments. Therefore, if the neighbors' batteries are very hot, and in your apartment they are barely warm, this is a reason to seek from the management company to debug the in-house heating system so that it is warm in all apartments.

Elena Ivanova

Photo by Maria Chasovitina