Magnificent pansies: sowing seeds, transplanting into open ground, care and pests. Pansies

Such cute and delicate flowers as pansies always attract attention. It is impossible to get past them. With their charming shades of bright petals, they evoke a surge of romance and tender feelings. These flowers are found in almost every flower bed, as they are very popular among gardeners. What is a pansy plant, what is the care for these flowers?

Violas (pansies) are annual, biennial and perennials. These flowers are native to China and Japan. With the onset of spring heat, they appear on flower beds. Violas open their petals in early spring. There are varieties of spring, as well as summer flowering. Gardeners can choose any variety they like for their garden.

Violas have a thin stem with rounded leaves and single flowers. The height of the stem is from 10 to 30 cm. Inside the stem is hollow, branched, trihedral or erect. The buds of the plant are solitary with five petals and are located on trihedral peduncles with two bracts close to the flower.

Pansy flowers have petals of rather large size and differ in size. The largest are two out of five, the rest are smaller. By color they are the most different color. Their color range starts from white and goes almost to black. There are definitely spots in the center of the bud, which gives the flower a special charm. In diameter, the flowers can be from 5 to 10 cm. They rise from the sinuses, exuding a light and delicate aroma. On the stems are oval-shaped leaves of light green color. They have jagged edges or crenate.

Gallery: pansy flower (25 photos)

Varieties and classification

Violets delight the eye with variety color palette. The height of the bushes varies in size. They are:

• undersized;
• high;
• medium.

The plant is also divided depending on the size of the flowers. There are species that have flowers:

• large;
• gigantic;
• small.

Flowers also differ in the edges of the petals. There are varieties in which the edges are even or wavy. Flower petals can have different shades:

• double;
• monotonous;
• contrast stripes and spots.

Today there are about 250 types of pansies. Depending on the variety, they can be annual or perennial. There are several distinguishing features between them:

Breeders managed to develop varieties with a diameter of inflorescences of more than 10 cm. There is also a variety intended for cultivation in hanging pots. It is characterized by long and abundant flowering. There are also varieties solid colors used for flowerbed contrast.

Landing features

Much in caring for a plant will depend on the choice of a place for planting. Viola refers to shade-tolerant species plants. However, a heavy shadow will cause the colors to fade. Signs of degeneration are manifested in the following symptoms:

• color saturation disappears;
• flowers shrink;
• the stems begin to stretch and then fade;
• the flowering period is shortened.

A very important condition for flowering is right choice soil. Most optimal choice- fertile soil. It always has enough moisture and nutrients. In such soil, pansies will not need intensive care. If necessary, complex mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil in spring.

Flowers can be planted from seeds open ground without burying them deep into the ground. Before planting, it is necessary to loosen the soil well. Crops should be well watered with a watering can with a fine strainer. This will allow the seeds to stay in the ground in their place. After a week, you can see the first shoots.

If there is a desire to speed up the process of flower growth, then seedlings are grown from seeds. This agricultural technique allows you to get more lush and early bushes. Seeds are sown in a greenhouse or greenhouse in advance. It is desirable to start growing seedlings in the month of February.

Seed containers are first kept in a dark place for at least 7 days. With the advent of the first shoots, the boxes are rearranged in a well-lit place. Further care consists in regular watering and hardening of seeds. Ready seedlings planted in May. After 1 month, the first flowers begin to bloom.

Depending on the timing of flowering, sowing seeds is performed at different times. To get early flowers, sowing is performed in the summer. This will allow you to get profusely flowering bushes in spring or early summer. The earliest varieties bloom in April.

The plant belongs to winter-hardy species, however, in middle lane Russia and in the north-west of the country, they rot and freeze out during the winter. Weakened flowers also do not tolerate wintering well. Bushes that have grown well and have not outgrown winter best. The seeds must not be sown too late, otherwise the plants will not be able to survive the winter, as they will be weakened.

Growing Features

For successful cultivation Violets should be given preference to open sunny areas. If you sow seeds in the ground, then flowering in the same year will not work. Beautiful greenery will appear, and the buds will bloom only next year. Seeds are then harvested from them.

The area where the pansy flower will grow should be warmed up and lit by the sun for at least 6 hours a day. Fresh manure as a fertilizer violam is contraindicated. During the growing process, it is recommended to fertilize every week to get lush buds and abundant flowering. The composition of the fertilizer should be:

• phosphorus;
• potassium;
• nitrogen.

It is recommended to water the flowers 1-2 times a week, focusing on weather. After watering, the soil should be loosened, which will help the plants tolerate even the abnormal heat in summer. The lack of moisture will negatively affect the appearance of pansies. They will look sprawled on the ground.

Diseases and pests

There are some diseases and pests that pose a great danger to viols. They are often attacked by them. Most often, flowers are attacked by:

Pests of pansies include aphids and spider mite. If these pests infect a flower, then the plant begins to fade, stops blooming, and after a while may even die. To save it, it is necessary to carry out processing with special means.

Reproduction methods

The most simple and effective way reproduction is considered vegetative for hybrid varieties. They are separated by green cuttings in the open field, which allows you to get a large number of planting material for 1 season. Cuttings are taken in 2-3 doses from May to July. All green shoots with 2-3 nodes are considered suitable. For reproduction, shaded and damp places are chosen. They make low rows. After that, they are well tamped and be sure to water.

Cuttings are planted to a depth of 0.5 cm, so that the leaves of each cutting are in contact. After planting, they are abundantly sprayed with water. Cuttings need a good level of humidity, daily watering, weeding and spraying to keep them alive. Such conditions will facilitate rapid rooting.

Some gardeners propagate these flowers from seeds. They are selected after flowering bushes. Seed pods are formed almost immediately after flowering. They begin to turn brown, after which they open and scatter their seeds around.

Ivan da Marya, pansies, violet Dictionary of Russian synonyms. pansies n., number of synonyms: 11 pansies (1) b ... Synonym dictionary

See Anna. Dictionary Dahl. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

PANIES, see Anna. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

PANSIES. see peephole. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Herbaceous 1 2 year old plant of the violet family. Mainly in Eurasia. Varieties with large flowers different shapes and colorings are used in ornamental gardening ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Herbaceous 1 2 year old plant of the violet family. Mainly in Eurasia. Varieties with large flowers of different shapes and colors are used in ornamental gardening. * * * PANSY PANSY, herbaceous 1 2 summer plant of the family ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Pansies- A cultural variety of the tricolor violet, distinguished by the size of the flowers and the variegation of their color. On her head in black hair ... there was a small garland of pansies (L. N. Tolstoy. Anna Karenina). In the morning, washing with dew, How they bloomed! ... ... Phrasebook Russian literary language

PANSIES- a flower symbolizing reflection and meditation. The symbolism is due to the phonetic similarity between the English name of the plant pansy and the old French word panse thought. Commonly called a stepmother. Like a stepmother, the plant has ... ... Symbols, signs, emblems. Encyclopedia

pansies- trispalvė našlaitė statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Našlaitinių šeimos daržovinis, dekoratyvinis, maistinis, vaistinis augalas (Viola tricolor), paplitęs Europoje ir vakarų Azijoje. atitikmenys: lot. Viola tricolor English. European wild pansy; …

pansies- darželinė našlaitė statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Našlaitinių šeimos dekoratyvinis kultūrinis augalas (Viola ×wittrockiana). atitikmenys: lot. Viola × wittrockiana English. garden pansy; pansy wok. Garten Stiefmütterchen rus. pansies; ... ... Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

Books

• Pansies. Notebook , . We bring to your attention an original notepad for notes " Pansies" . With a stylish, minimalist cover and unlined pages, this notepad is perfect for jotting down your…
• Pansies, Lyudmila Vasilievna Nechaeva. You have a son who was fraudulently taken away from you for a lot of money. You will find it yourself. Great grief will make you look for it. And you will find. For joy and salvation. God will reward you for...

or Violet tricolorand I

Violet family - Violaceae

Folk names - pansies, brothers, funny eyes, earthflower, three-flower, ivan-da-marya.

Parts used are stems, leaves, flowers.

The pharmacy name is tricolor violet herb - Violae tricoloris herba (formerly: Herba Violae tricoloris).

Botanical description

Violet tricolor (Pansy) - annual or biennial, and field violet - annual herbaceous plants with thin taproot. Stem simple or branched, erect or ascending, 10-40cm in height. The leaves are alternate with two pinnate stipules. The lower ones are broadly ovate, petiolate, the upper ones are lanceolate, with short petioles, almost sessile. The color of the leaves and stems is green or dark green, the fruit is light brown. The smell is weak, peculiar, the taste is sweetish, with a feeling of sliminess.

Flowers solitary on long pedicels emerging from leaf axils, with double perianth, irregular. There are five sepals, the corolla consists of five uneven petals. The upper ones are blue-violet or yellow, the lateral ones are lighter, the lower petal is larger than the others, yellow at the base, with dark stripes, purple along the edge with a curved bag-shaped spur. Stamens five, with very short filaments. Pistil one with upper one-celled ovary.

The fruit is an oblong-ovoid capsule that opens with three valves, which then deviate horizontally. They bloom from April to autumn, the fruits ripen from June.

Pansies (Violet tricolor) grow among shrubs, in light pine and small-leaved forests, especially on sandy and sandy loamy soils, are found in upland meadows and are especially common in forest clearings and edges, as weeds in fields and vegetable gardens. Violet tricolor has found wide application in landscapes. Distributed in the forest, forest-steppe, less often in steppe zones European part of the USSR, found in Western Siberia, in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. Field violet has a slightly larger range. It is also found in the Caucasus, more widely distributed in Western Siberia. The main areas of procurement of raw materials are in Belarus, Ukraine.

Active ingredients

The tricolor violet herb contains flavonoids (violantin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, vicetin, peonidin 3-glycoside, rutin), in the flowers - anthocyanin glycosides (viola-nin, which, upon hydrolysis, breaks down into delphinidin, glucose, rhamnose and hydroxycinnamic acid) ; delphinidin 3-glycoside and said peonidin 3-glycoside; there are carotenoids ((3-carotene, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, auroxanthin and flavoxanthin), traces of an essential oil containing salicylic acid methyl ester, saponins, vitamin C, mucus, up to 6.2% ursolic acid, tannins.

Collection and drying

The aerial part is collected during flowering in May-June, cutting off the stems with a knife or sickle, and folded loosely, without compaction, into baskets or bags. Dry in a well-ventilated room, in attics, laying out a layer 5-7 cm thick and stirring occasionally. Drying is considered complete when the stems become brittle. In order to avoid increased grinding, the dried raw materials are left in a heap for 2-3 days, and then they are already packaged.

Healing action and application

Used for medicinal purposes medicinal herb(stems, leaves, flowers), which is collected during the flowering period and used as a decoction and tea. It has an expectorant, antispasmodic, choleretic and diuretic, blood-purifying and enveloping, diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory effect, disinfects the urinary tract, improves skin metabolism, reduces vascular permeability.

Tea from the herb of the tricolor violet is drunk for kidney diseases, lung diseases, gout and arthrosis, articular rheumatism, cold cough and as an expectorant. And also for gastritis, diathesis, various skin diseases, metabolic disorders and catarrh of the bladder, for all skin diseases in children, it is also recommended for blood purification. The course of tea treatment is several weeks. In case of skin diseases, simultaneous washing with the same tea is advised.

Recipes

1. Violet tricolor tea. 2h spoons of pharmaceutical raw materials pour 1/4l hot water and let it brew for 10 minutes. Take 3 glasses a day. You can also mix tricolor violet in equal parts with linden leaves and drink tea from this mixture to prevent hypothermia.

1. Pour 10 g of raw materials with 200 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 1 hour, strain and take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day after meals for catarrh of the respiratory tract, cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatism, gout, atherosclerosis, cystitis.
2. Pour 20 g of herbs with 200 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 1 hour, strain and make lotions for skin rashes, abscesses on the skin, skin itching, except for oral administration. A decoction of herbs in the form of baths is prescribed for exudative diathesis in children.
3. Napar (water infusion) - pour 1 tablespoon of crushed raw materials with 1 cup of boiling water and let it brew for 1 hour. Strain and take 0.5 cup or 1 cup 3 times a day. As a blood purifier for various skin diseases(eczema, boils, rashes).
4. Pour 1 part of chopped grass with 10 parts of boiling water, insist, strain and take chilled 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. With diseases of the bladder, urolithiasis.

1. Blood purifying tea. Grind and mix - 15g dandelion root, 10g tricolor violet and buckthorn bark, 5g each - elder flowers, fennel fruits and horsetail. Pour 1 liter of boiling water over the mixture and let it brew for 1 hour. Strain and take 0.4 cups 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Pansies, tricolor violet, Vitrocca violet is the same flower, belonging to a large and multicolored family of violets. They are often referred to as viola, but the plant's scientific name is violet. Admiring the beauty and tenderness of the spring grace of these flowers, you feel the approaching summer warmth. The genus includes four hundred species, numerous varieties, which are found everywhere and hundreds of varieties. Most of the wild violets are not of interest for floriculture, as their flowers are nondescript and quickly fade. And species with brightly colored and fragrant flowers, and with long flowering are used in culture: Altai violet, fragrant (photo1), graceful, moth, horned (photo2), dog, tricolor. Pansies were known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who have legends about the origin of this flower. And now they are well known and loved by flower growers. In the Middle Ages, the plant was one of the symbols Christian faith, they were called the flower of the Holy Trinity. Three petals were identified with the three faces of saints, and a speck in the center was compared with the all-seeing eye of God the Father. Lovers violet served as a symbol of fidelity. And in English pansies are called Jump up and kiss me which means jump up and kiss me.

Russian, gentle name of the flower " pansies"also hides one of the sad love stories of a young girl who did not wait for the return of her beloved. By biological features pansies are a perennial, but grown mainly as a biennial. In the first year it forms leaves, and blooms in the second year. The plant is low 10-20 cm, with tetrahedral erect or ascending stems. The lower leaves are rounded or oval with crenate-toothed edges, the upper ones are oblong. Flowers solitary on long pedicels, located in the axils of the leaves, large, 5-12 cm in diameter, asymmetrical, five-lobed, beautifully colored. The fruit is a trihedral cracking capsule. Seeds are light and dark brown, shiny, 800 pieces in 1 g. Germination is maintained for 2-4 years. Boxes crack after ripening. It is necessary to collect them when the top of the box turns yellow or white, and the box itself rises up on the peduncle. Picked in this state, they ripen well during drying.

It's hard not to admire the charm of these flowers, so cute and cheerful. They can be either plain or multi-colored with stripes, eyes, spots or bordered. Rest your soul, enjoying the abundance of colors of these violets. Colors - white, yellow, blue, orange, purple, brown-red. Flowering begins with early spring and lasts until autumn.

Modern varieties are hybrids resulting from crossing tricolor, yellow and Altai violets. Among the many varieties of pansies, there are more than 15 varietal groups and series. Which differ in terms and abundance of flowering, winter hardiness, size and shape of flowers. Early varieties include Himalis and Roggli groups - with medium-sized, but numerous flowers. These groups are also called winter, because the plants are frost-resistant. Other early varieties of the Worbote and Erfurt groups have large flowers, but the silhouette of the flower is almost round. The color of the flowers is white, yellow, blue. Especially common late Swiss varieties with large and showy flowers, often with a beautiful eye.

TO late varieties belong to the old Trimordo group. Varieties of this group are characterized by abundant flowering. flowers medium size. They are red-brown, blue, yellow, two middle and lower petal with dark spots. In England, even a completely black variety has been bred.

On packages of seeds of Western firms, it is indicated to which group this variety belongs. We have all varieties of violets divided into three groups. The first group - winter varieties which bloom very early. Mainly plain flowers, sometimes with eyes of a different color in the center. The diameter of the flowers is from 5 to 7 cm. Varieties: Dr. Faust - flowers are almost black, velvety, Aureapura - yellow, Beaconsfield - light blue, Bargavisht - violet-blue (Photo 3), Apbipura - white (Photo 4). Second group- large-flowered plants with flowers up to 10 cm. In their color there are large spots, a border along the edge or stripes on the leaves of other tones: Adonis - blue flowers, Cardinal and Abendglut (photo 5) - red. This group blooms two weeks later than the winter group. Third group– especially large-colored strongly wavy forms the latest varieties gigantic Swiss viols. The Bergwasht group or Swiss giants mainly consists of white-colored and light lilac varieties (photo 6-7). Varieties of orchid viols of pale lilac and yellowish tones have been bred. And because of the strong waviness of the outer edge of the petals of the varieties of the Sailboat group, they are very similar to a cluster of fluttering moths.

IN last years heterotic varieties of gigantic violets appeared on sale: Alpine fire, Bolero purple and yellow, Brunig, Carnival, Laura, Montmartre, Morozko, Orange sun, Romeo and Juliet, Halloween, Chocolate frost. Among the heterozygous varieties of viola ampelnaya (Bengal fire, golden yellow, etc.).

Vitroka violet culture is photophilous, but tolerates slight shading. In a shady place, flowering is not interrupted during the hot months and continues until late autumn. It is only necessary to remove faded flower stalks in a timely manner. The plant is winter-hardy, moisture-loving. Prefers fertile loamy soils, with a neutral reaction, well seasoned with phosphorus and potassium. In lower areas, they suffer from wetting. However, plants should not lack water, otherwise the flowers become smaller, growth slows down, flowering stops. During the hot period, flower buds are not formed. When flowering ends or almost ends, it is advisable to cut the stems at a height of 10-12 cm from the ground, water and feed abundantly. Soon new shoots will grow and the plants will bloom again.

Pansies require root top dressing full mineral fertilizer as well as micronutrients. The first dressing is carried out before budding. For 10 liters of water add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitrophoska. The second top dressing is carried out during flowering - for 10 liters of water 1 tbsp. a spoonful of fertilizer Agricola-7. Watered under the root. Well propagated by seeds. In addition to sowing seeds of pansies, especially valuable varieties, propagate vegetatively, that is, by green cuttings in the open field. Cuttings are taken from May to July in 2-3 doses. All terminal shoots with 2-3 nodes are suitable. Cut shoots are planted on a bed located in a shaded place and covered with a film. They are planted shallow by 0.5 cm and tightly so that they are in contact with each other. After planting, they are sprayed. After 3-4 weeks, the cuttings develop roots. May cuttings may bloom in summer or early next year. With a later - abundant flowering occurs in the spring of next year. Rooted cuttings are transplanted in September to permanent place and cover them for the winter. You can also use layering. To do this, the plant is shaded, as a result it is stretched. At the beginning of autumn, the shoots bend down to the ground and spud fertile soil. Layers take root and in the spring of the next year you can plant a new plant of the desired variety. From the date of sowing the seeds depends on the first or second year the violet will bloom. When sowing seeds in March, the plants bloom in late summer in the same season. When sowing seeds in August-September, the buds will bloom next spring. To obtain early spring flowering, violet seeds are sown in open ground in June-July. Sowing is carried out sparsely, in rows. Seeds are buried in the soil shallowly, no more than 1 cm. Required: watering, top dressing, weeding and loosening of row spacing. When the seedlings grow up a little, they are thinned out to a distance of 7-10 cm. Or the seedlings dive in 3-4 weeks to the ridges where they should winter. After picking, at first they protect from the sun.

Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in August or early May according to a 15 × 20 cm pattern. With such a planting, by spring, highly developed and profusely flowering bushes are obtained. One of the features of violets is the good tolerance of transplants in any phenological state. Pansies reproduce well by self-seeding. With a prolonged warm autumn, it is better late sowing, because they survive better in winter period not overgrown plants with 5-6 leaves. With sufficient snow cover, violets do not need shelter. It is undesirable for violet plantings to be flooded with spring floods.
For pests and diseases Vitrocca violet stable.

Pansies are grown as ground cover plants in gardens under bushes and in trunk circles fruit trees, spots on the lawn. The sly faces of the Vitrocca violet spread a good and joyful mood around them. Some varieties look like light-winged butterflies that have sat down for a minute on green grass and are ready to fly away again. Since the choice of colors of pansies is large, you can arrange a flower show by making a flower bed of plants of solid or contrasting colors. Good for contrast, plant blue pansies with yellow cores next to yellow daffodils. Spring flowers, as a rule, they are not afraid of crowding, and such a neighborhood is not harmful to them. Or plant them between tulips, and this option will bring a lot of joy.

Violas look good on rocky hills. Yellow pansies, planted on a rocky hill, look like chicks. And if the stone lying nearby is wrapped with hay (straw), giving the shape of a chicken, you get the composition “A mother hen with chickens”. From afar it seems that fluffy lumps just about ready to run away somewhere, because under the influence of the wind the flower heads sway. Pansies are good in now popular baskets and baskets. You can put pots with plants in the basket. Or line the walls and bottom of the basket with foil, make drainage from sand or pebbles, fill in the soil and plant plants. Violas can be planted anywhere, they will decorate any corner not only garden plot but also a balcony. Our featureless and lifeless balconies are not very conducive to relaxation. A few pots of flowering pansies will enliven the balcony space and create a pole of calm with their curious look. The flowers are long-lasting cut in small bunches.

Among witches and healers, tricolor violet is also popular. Juice was used for love spells. During sleep, the person to be bewitched was sprinkled with pansy juice on the eyelids and waited for him to wake up. Whomever he sees first after sleep, he will love him.
The ground part of pansies contains about 1.5% salicylic acid. Tea from dried stems and flowers (lotions and baths with violet herb) in folk medicine used against eczema, rashes. Recommend to children with diathesis. Decoctions are also used as a blood purifier. Alcohol tincture is used as a sedative, diuretic, diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory agent. But you do not need to use violet for treatment for those who have kidney problems and jaundice (hepatitis).

Being one of the leaders in early flowering, pansies or viola have gained great popularity among flower growers due to their charm and unpretentiousness in care. This article with a photo is devoted to the features of planting in a greenhouse, growing seeds for seedlings and daily care for these delicate flowers.

More about pansies

The official name of pansies is a characteristic feature of the flower, from which they got their name - a small contrasting spot in the center of the bud. In modern horticulture, viola is cultivated as:

• annual
• biennial
• perennial culture

Viola flowers can be dyed in one or more shades. Among the popular and spectacular varieties, the most prominent are:

1. "Blue Boy" - a small-flowered variety of a blue-blue hue, size flower buds 3-4 cm.
2. "Little Red Riding Hood" with bright red buds.
3. "Snow Maiden" - a small-flowered variety with snow-white buds.
4. "Winter Sun" is a mid-flowered variety, the upper petals of the buds are colored yellow, the lower petals are a deep velvety brown.
5. "White" - large-flowered variety with slightly wavy white petals. The size of the buds is up to 7 cm.

In addition, the following varieties are very famous: Weiss, Fire King, Ice King, Evening Heat, March Magic, Ice King, Jupiter, Heavenly Queen.

The average duration of flowering viola is several months. Average Height flowering bushes is 15-30 cm, the diameter of flower buds is up to 4 cm for simple and 7 cm for breeding species. Regular removal of faded buds prolongs the flowering period, gives the viola a neat appearance.

Attention! Pansies tolerate transplanting well, easily taking root even during the flowering period. After the spring violas have faded, they can be dug up and replaced with summer ones, thereby maintaining the constant flowering of flower beds.

Pansies are cross-pollinated plants, therefore, in order to preserve varietal characteristics, violas of different varieties should be planted at some distance.

How to propagate pansies

Viola breeding is done in 2 ways:

1. Seed method. Biennial varieties of viola are famous for their lush bloom, they are planted in the summer - in June or July, sowing directly into open ground, having previously treated the seeds with a growth accelerator. The seeding depth is ½ cm, the crops are carefully moistened and covered with mulch material that protects the soil from moisture loss. It is recommended to shade the shoots that have appeared within 2 weeks with a dark film. In August, the grown seedlings of a two-year-old viola are planted in flower beds.

In the middle lane and northern regions, spring planting of viola in greenhouses is practiced. To obtain flowering seedlings, they are sown in February, using a peat substrate with a pH of 5.5 - 5.8 for this purpose, sprinkled with vermiculite on top. Seeds before planting should be treated with "Zircon", "EM-1", "Epin" or other stimulant.

To speed up the germination of seeds, crops are additionally covered with a film or glass, placed from heating devices. After germination, the temperature in the greenhouse is lowered to +12-15°C for several days to prevent seedlings from stretching. After 15-20 days, the grown seedlings dive into separate cups, later - in May, they are planted in flower beds.

When growing seedlings from the very beginning in separate peat cups or tablets, seeds are sown 3-4 pieces in each container, as seedlings develop, leaving only the strongest shoot.

Attention! With the spring growing technology, it is important to provide the seedlings with the correct light regime, by carrying out additional illumination with the help of phytolamps or fluorescent lamps. The required daylight hours are 14-16 hours.

To obtain flowering bushes in early autumn, viola seeds for seedlings should be sown in April and May.

2. Cutting method. With this method of propagation of the viola, in May-June, shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut from pansies. Harvested cuttings are planted tightly in a shaded area in nutrient soil, maintaining its constant moisture for up to 4 weeks, and periodically spraying them. Planting density - up to 400 pcs. per 1 m². Within a month, the cuttings form a full-fledged root system, the percentage of survival, when creating the appropriate conditions, is almost 100%.

Rooted plants are able to bloom in the same year. When cuttings are carried out in July and later, rooted cuttings will bloom the next year.

Attention! The method of grafting has proven to be effective in breeding hybrids, allowing you to rejuvenate mother plants. In adult bushes, from 3 to 10 cuttings can be obtained at one time.

Features and key points for flower care

Viola - hardy and unpretentious plant, flowering profusely, if planted in well-lit areas, can easily propagate by self-sowing. Pansies grow best in fertile, but not greasy soils. When growing viola in shady areas, its flowers become smaller. Viola care features include following the main steps:

• in moderate watering, without waterlogging the soil;
• double feeding complex fertilizers- during the formation of flower buds and at the initial stage of flowering;
• in loosening the soil and weeding.

Advice! It is not recommended to use fresh manure for feeding pansies. Its application as a fertilizer can provoke damage to flowers by a black leg. Pansies prefer top dressing ammonium nitrate and superphosphate.

To obtain good flowering, the resulting buds in the first year are better to cut off

In the first year life cycle viola, it is necessary to prevent its flowering by picking off the emerging buds. This will allow you to get plants with a strong root system.
Biennial varieties that remain to winter in open ground should be covered with spruce branches or straw to prevent it from freezing.

The main threat to plants is insect larvae, which can destroy several bushes of a given flower in a month or two. In addition, the viola is susceptible to aphids, the use of special preparations will help to cope with pests. Among fungal diseases in pansies there are:

• root rot;
• stem rot;
• blackleg;
• powdery mildew;
• spotting.

Compliance with the conditions of agricultural technology is the main preventive measure to prevent the spread of fungal diseases.

Attractive appearance and early flowering make pansies favorite flowers when creating alpine slides, flower beds, landscaping balconies. Compliance with optimal growing conditions is the key to their long flowering.

Growing pansies from seeds - video

Growing pansies - photo