Let's try to understand the numerous varieties of hinges for doors. Door hinges and crossbars

1. Overhead (external) loops.

Most ancient view door hinges.Such loops have been made ever since man comprehended the mystery of metal forging. Previously, forged hinges could be very large, this was done so that it was possible to build a door from one layer of boards and the door would not be deformed. Thus, forged hinges served not only to fasten the door to door frame, but at the same time were part of the door structure. Now overhead loops can be of any size and a wide variety of shapes:

Picture 1. Modern overlay hinges for wooden doors

The hinges shown in figure 1 are the most cheap look external hinges, they are used mainly in countryside for hanging doors of outbuildings, sometimes for a gate. Such loops used to be stupidly nailed, but now they are increasingly screwed on with screws. Hinged loops are arranged as follows:

Figure 2. Overhead loop device.

1 - Central pin (rotary axis). The door rotates around this axis when opening and closing. So that during operation the pin does not fall out of the loops under the action of gravity, it is riveted to one of the plates. This can be seen in Figure 1.

3 - Vertical board of the door leaf.

5 - Nails or screws.

6 - Hinge plate (card), which is attached to the vertical board of the door leaf.

7 - Tightening horizontal board or bar of the door leaf. If the width of the plate that is attached to the door leaf is significantly less than the width of the door, then such a board or bar is required. Usually the hinges are attached in those places where the vertical boards of the door leaf are attached horizontal boards or bars.

It may seem that it was not worth paying so much attention to cheap overhead hinges, but the fact is that in Lately forged overhead hinges, working on the same principle, are again in demand. Forged overhead loops are a separate chapter in the development of mankind. The number of forms of forged overhead loops is confidently approaching infinity thanks to the efforts of modern blacksmiths. In ancient times, there were also quite a few forms of overhead loops, however, they all strictly obeyed certain patterns, for example:

Figure 3. Characteristic forms of forged loops.

In Figure 3, one can see how the shape of the canopy transformed from a strict phallic image into an increasingly complex image of a woman in labor, and then began to resemble the landscape of an island with palm trees reflected in the water, however, this may be an image of a certain deity with long arms, crooked legs and a hatched banana. However, I'm not an expert, this is my personal opinion. Wrought iron hinges can decorate wooden front doors country houses and residences, but there is also quite a place for such hinges in antique-styled city apartments.

The main advantage of overhead hinges is that their installation does not require any preliminary preparation of the door frame or door leaf. Usually, the hinge is first screwed or nailed to the door leaf, then door leaf is set to the design position using wedges or any other improvised means, and then the hinge is attached to the door frame. Main disadvantage overhead hinges is that if during installation the door leaf was warped or deformed during operation, then in order to rearrange or remove the door leaf for repair, you need to unscrew the screws or pull out the nails that fasten the hinges to the door frame.

2. Mortise (internal) canopies.

The device of mortise canopies is almost the same as that of overhead hinges, only the plates (cards) of the canopy with closed door are not visible, but only parts of the plates covering the pivot pin are visible. Often such canopies are called card. It is not particularly necessary to introduce such awnings, they were already well presented in the Soviet era, some people living in old houses still have doors and even windows with such awnings. The main difference between mortise awnings and overhead hinges is that awnings allow you to easily remove the door (door leaf) without unscrewing the awnings. Mortise canopies look like this:

Figure 4. Mortise canopies in expanded form (a), disassembled (b) and in working condition (c).

When choosing mortise canopies, you need to pay attention to the fact that the doors are right and left, respectively, and mortise canopies are right and left. It is not difficult to determine which awnings are needed - if the door opens on itself, then from which side the awnings are, such is the door. Figure 4c shows a door with left awnings or a left door. Determining which canopy is also not very difficult, usually one of the cards has a “P” or “L” brand, and if there is no such brand, then you need to turn the canopy with a rotary pin towards you and remove one card. Figure 4b shows the left canopy on the left and the right canopy on the right. Figure 4 shows:

1 - Central pin (rotary axis). The door rotates around this axis when opening and closing. So that during operation the pin does not fall out under the influence of gravity, it is riveted to a card that is attached to the door frame.

2 - Vertical bar of the door frame (loot).

3 - Door leaf. Mortise canopies are used for hanging not only wooden doors, but also for panel, frame-honeycomb doors, MDF and HDF doors.

4 - Hinge plate (card), which is attached to the vertical bar of the door frame.

5 - Hinge plate (card), which is attached to the standing bar of the door leaf.

6 - Screws, sometimes nails. Despite the fact that the cards were attached to the door frame and to the door leaf mainly with screws, it is often quite difficult to unscrew such screws, since earlier the screws were not always twisted, but were often hammered like nails (it was necessary to give a plan). Therefore, sometimes, when you need to remove old canopies and change them to new ones, it is easier to drill out the screw heads with a metal drill.

7 - Casing. As already mentioned, mortise canopies make it relatively easy to remove the door leaf for repair or resizing, but only if the trim does not prevent the removal of the door. If the door leaf is fixed on mortise canopies, then the trim, especially the top bar, must be fastened so that the door leaf can then be removed without removing the trim. Sometimes for this you have to cut down the pivot pin a little so that its height does not exceed 2-2.5 centimeters.

8 - Decorative cap. The plug not only improves the aesthetic appearance of the canopy, but also prevents dust from entering the area between the pivot pin and the plates. Thus, if the pin is properly lubricated, the door will open and close without any difficulty for many years and even decades.

Canopies are now also being produced, in which a bearing is installed between the cards on the pivot pin, this further improves the opening and closing of the door. Yes, and such canopies look much prettier than Soviet-style canopies. In many ways, such canopies are similar to the mortise hinges discussed below.

The main disadvantage of card canopies is that recesses must be made under the cards in the door frame and in the door leaf. Notches must be done carefully and accurately, which means that without a proverb: measure seven times, cut one, you can’t do it. And besides the proverb, it is desirable to have an appropriate tool. However, the subtleties of installing doors on mortise canopies or hinges will be described separately.

3. Mortise (internal) hinges.

In fact, these are the same mortise canopies, but having a slightly different design, so it is more correct to call them mortise or card loops. Despite the fact that the design of mortise hinges is similar to the design of mortise canopies, there are a lot of models of mortise hinges. Variety is achieved mainly due to the shape of the decorative plug and the bottom of the pivot pin, as well as due to different ways protection of the plates, bearings can also be used in card hinges, which, with proper lubrication, makes opening and closing the door very easy and almost silent. Cheap mortise canopies were and are made mainly of rusting steel with all the ensuing disadvantages, mortise hinges are often made of non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metal alloys and are additionally chrome-plated, nickel-plated or coated with thin layer imitating gold - very popular models in our area. Also, mortise hinges can be made with antique imitation, most often under oxidized copper, however, mortise canopies, chrome-plated, nickel-plated, gold-plated and semi-antique, can now also be found on sale. Mortise loops look something like this:

Figure 5. Appearance and design of card loops.

1 - Central pin (rotary axis). In contrast to the previously considered types of hinges, in card hinges for doors, the pin is not riveted, since it starts from above and theoretically should not climb up during operation of the door. However, theory and practice are different things, sometimes the turning pin still begins to gradually rise and periodically has to be knocked out. If the pin is still riveted on the card loop, then this is most likely a loop not for doors, but for windows.

2 - Decorative cap. It is held by a tight fit to the cylindrical part of the card. If, when hanging the door, the hinges were turned upside down so that the pin was on the bottom, and the plug was on top (and this happens), then you can pull out the pin, knock out the plug and swap them.

3 - Bearings. Present only in modern card hinges for doors.

4 - Hinge plate (card), which is attached to the vertical bar of the door frame or to the door leaf.

The advantage of mortise hinges over mortise canopies is that mortise hinges are universal, i.e. no need to look for right or left loops. If you need to hang right door, then the card shown in Figure 5 at the bottom left is attached to the door frame. And if you need to hang the left door, then the card shown in Figure 5 on the bottom right is attached to the door frame. The disadvantage of card hinges is the same as card awnings - an exact fit is necessary to make the door look good.

For interior doors canopies or hinges with a plate height of 100-180 mm are commonly used, canopies and hinges with a lower height are usually used for window sashes, in rare cases - for furniture doors, however, options for fixing furniture doors will be considered separately.

4. Laid on internal loops.

Recently, overhead internal loops have appeared on sale. The principle of their device is almost the same as for mortise hinges, but there is one distinctive feature - the hinges do not need to be cut into the door leaf and into the door frame, the hinges are made so that when closed, the card attached to the door leaf enters the card attached to door frame, so a standard 3 mm gap between the door frame and the door leaf is enough to fix the hinges. Loops look like this:

Figure 6. Appearance of overhead internal loops.

The main advantage of such hinges is that there is no need to insert hinge cards anywhere, and therefore hanging the door on such hinges is done as quickly as possible and no special tools are needed for this. But such hinges also have a drawback - it is undesirable to use such hinges for heavy doors.

5. Double-sided hinges.

Used only for doors that open in both directions. As a rule, such doors are installed in bars, cafes, public institutions, there are few who want to have doors in the apartment that open in both directions. Double-sided loops look something like this:

Figure 7. Appearance of double-sided hinges

Figure 7 shows normal double-sided hinges on the left and spring-loaded double-sided hinges on the right. The springs in such hinges are used to automatically close the door, however, it is also harder to open such a door, since the spring is also cocked when the door is opened. The principle of operation of the double-sided loop, I hope, will be clear from the following figure:

Figure 8. Opening the door on two hinges.

As in most cases with the hinges and canopies discussed above, it is necessary to install double-sided hinges preliminary preparation door frame and door leaf, in addition, for doors that open in both directions, a special door frame is needed, similar to the one shown in Figure 8, the door leaf can be ordinary. Sometimes you have to install double-sided hinges on ordinary door frames. In these cases, the corresponding card is attached to the protruding quarter of the door frame, it does not look very pretty.

6. Screwed (screwed) canopies and hinges.

Such canopies and loops appeared relatively recently, but recently they are becoming more widespread. The main reason is the ease and speed of installing the door on such canopies or hinges. By screwing the fasteners into the door frame and into the door leaf to the desired depth, it is possible to change the position of the door leaf in two planes. In addition, there are models of screwed loops that have additional height adjustment (Fig. 8.2). This adjustment allows you to adjust the door leaf to the door frame with particular precision. There are many models of screw-in canopies and hinges, but they have the same principle. Screwed canopies and hinges look something like this:

Figure 9. Most characteristic species screwed canopies and hinges.

Figure 9.1a shows the simplest screw-in canopy in the assembled state, in figure 9.1b - with the top of the canopy removed, such canopies are used for the lightest doors. Figure 8.2 shows a height-adjustable screw-in canopy used for heavier doors. When attaching such canopies, additional holes are made for the guides, and the guides for the pivot pin are fastened with special screws through the guides. Figures 8.3 show a screw-in loop.

Like card loops, screw hinges and canopies - universal, i.e. no need to look for right or left screw-in hinges and this is another advantage of screw-in hinges. For all their merits, screw hinges and canopies have one enough significant disadvantage- they can only be used for quarter doors, i.e. the usual door leaf, which can be bought in a store, or ordered, cannot be fixed on such hinges:

Figure 10. Screw-in hinge fastening

Nevertheless, now there are a lot of doors that are produced for such hinges or canopies, often frame doors are made specifically for this type of canopy. However, I know one office that makes custom-made doors from precious woods, and it’s rare for them to have a door that costs less than $ 1-2 thousand, nevertheless, they are happy to use screw-in canopies and the entire door manufacturing technology has been sharpened for them. As for me, good wooden doors with panels, engraving, patination, carving and other bells and whistles look unnatural on such canopies, but they don’t argue about tastes.

7. Hidden loops.

For those who do not want to see any parts of the door hinges at all when the door is closed, and for the hinges described in paragraphs 2-7, the pivot axes of the hinges are visible even when closed, hidden or hidden hinges have been invented. Such loops have the most complex structure, since they have at least three rotary axes. Models hidden loops very much, look hidden hinges might go something like this:

Figure 11. Type of hidden (hidden) loops.

1 - Central rotary axis.

2 - Fixed rotary axes (not visible in the figure).

The advantages of such hinges are that with the doors closed, the hinges are practically invisible and, again, there is no need to rack your brains over the right and left hinges, all hinges are universal. The main disadvantages: both the frame and the door leaf are weakened when inserting the hinges and therefore must be of sufficient size to install the hinges; to make grooves for the loops neatly, a milling cutter is needed; hinges that have adjustment in three planes are quite expensive up to $ 50-70 for one hinge, but three hinges may be needed for a heavy door.

All other hinges or canopies and other ingenious door fastening systems are related to windows, furniture, plastic, aluminum or glass doors and therefore are not considered in this article.

Sections of the article:

Interior and entrance doors should not only reliably protect the house from the penetration of unwanted guests, but also please the eye with their appearance, have performance characteristics appropriate for their purpose.

When choosing and designing a house design huge role hinges for doors play, as their unsuccessful selection can ruin not only the door leaf, but the entire interior of the home.

Also, bad hinges can lead to sagging or warping of the canvas, loose fit of the doors to the door frame, and unpleasant squeaks.

Loop classification

The choice of hinges on the door is huge and is represented by products from hundreds of manufacturers, which are divided according to the following fundamental features:

• Place of installation;
• The principle of the connector device;
• Method of fastening on the box;
• material of manufacture;
• type and design features.

At the same time, it is necessary to clarify that the choice of loops is needed only for interior and entrance doors made from MDF or wood. Doors made of other materials, as a rule, are equipped with canopies and corresponding fittings by the manufacturer and are included in the delivery set.

Types of loops by installation method

Depending on where the doors will be installed and what their purpose is, the hinges are divided into two types:

• For interior doors;
• For entry doors.

Since entrance doors differ from interior doors by a significantly greater weight and massiveness, the hinges for them are somewhat larger than their interior counterparts. The main design feature of the door fittings is the complete set of hinges with a special anti-removable mechanism that prevents intruders from lifting and removing the front door.

It is for this purpose that cavities and protrusions are arranged on their wings, which are combined when the sash is closed and do not allow the door to rise even under the pressure of an improvised tool.

Universal and detachable hinges

Such types of simple door hinges as detachable allow you to lift and remove the sash without resorting to unscrewing the mount. Removable loops have been popularly called "canopies" for a long time, this name has become firmly established in everyday life.

The structure of the awnings consists of two parts, wittily called "dad" and "mother", a term used by many professionals and users in some countries.

Universal hinges for interior doors will have to be unscrewed if there is a need to remove the sash. They are suitable for door structures, opening both outward and inward, which can be considered a definite plus. However, the need to unscrew the fasteners causes certain inconvenience and loss of time, which should be attributed to fat minuses.

Separation of loops by type of construction

According to the design features, hinges for doors are divided into the following types:

• Mortise;
• screw;
• overhead;
• corner;
• Double-sided;
• Hidden.

Each type of construction has its own advantages and disadvantages and deserves separate consideration.

Overhead and mortise

Main structural elements mortise and overhead loops are completely identical.

Both types are card hinges, fixed both on the box and on the door leaf. The difference lies only in the way preparatory work: overhead hinges for interior doors do not require special surface preparation, while for mortise hinges in the box and at the end of the leaf, small recesses are arranged in which the card plate is sunk.

Overhead loops have been used since ancient times. They were made of steel - skillful blacksmiths received durable and beautiful product, albeit not distinguished by the symmetry of modern loops. The hinges were reliable and had a fairly large size.

Nowadays design solutions in the production of overhead loops, they again return to the unforgettable retro style. They are increasingly made "antique" and find a place for themselves as in private country houses as well as in apartments.

When choosing overhead hinges as a door fastening, first of all, attention is paid to the simplicity of their design and installation - the hinges are simply fixed to the screws, and the door is inserted into the box using improvised means without using any ingenious devices.

An interesting design idea for a traditional and conservative flat card is considered to be such a type of overhead loop as a butterfly loop. It folds down to the thickness of an ordinary card thanks to an intricate cutout shaped like butterfly wings. For such hinges, there is no need to carry out a sample either in the frame or in the sash body.

Mortise hinges in their design and method of fastening are completely identical to overhead ones. The only difference is that they cut into the end of the installed door and are fixed with screws. When the door is in the closed position, only parts of the plates covering the rotary axis are slightly visible.

In addition to the division into "with tie-in" and "without tie-in", overhead and mortise hinges on the door can also be universal and detachable.

According to the established tradition, mortise removable hinges are called mortise canopies, and universal ones are called mortise hinges.

The main difference between detachable overhead loops and universal ones is the increased rigidity of the structure. universal loop, which allows it, with significantly smaller dimensions, to withstand a large applied load, while the sagging of the sash in the opening is always minimal or absent altogether.

Another difference between such modifications of overhead hinges can be called the division of detachable canopies according to the method of opening into left- and right-handed ones. Universal hinges are not separated according to this principle - there is no difference in their installation for opening the door.

Screw-in (screw-in) hinges

The design of screw-in hinges consists of two symmetrically arranged parts, having the shape of cylinders, in which holes for screws are made. "Kegs", as they are commonly called by the people, are considered analogues of flat cards in terms of their functionality. One cylindrical wing is fixed with screws on the door leaf, and the other on the frame.

Loop screw mechanisms are universal, that is, select loops on the right or left side no need. A feature of such hinges can be called the fact that after installation it will be impossible to remove the door - this is both an advantage and a disadvantage of screw-in hinges. Screw-in hinges are allowed to be used only on doors with a quarter (European lock), the door leaf, made according to domestic standards, is not adapted for fixing to such canopies.

Angle hinges

chief external difference such loops from mortise or overhead is the fastening on the axial rod is not a simple pair of flat wings-plates, but a pair of profile corners. This form of cards is mounted mainly on doors with a vestibule.

Fastening at the end of the door is carried out mortise way through screws, and the hinges themselves, albeit conveniently placed in the opening, are easily visible against the background of the door structure.

Hidden hinges for interior doors deserve special mention largely due to their aesthetic characteristics - when the door is in the closed position, the canopies are not at all noticeable. They, as well as screwed hinges, are universal, which can be attributed to another advantage of this type of canopies.

The design feature of hidden hinges should be called the presence of at least three rotary axes. Hidden hinges are not easy to install, so it is better to use the services of specialists to install the door.

Double-sided hinges allow the door leaves to open freely both in one direction and in the other.

Such hinges are mainly used in office doors, they are very rarely installed in interior apartment doors - they are simply not needed there.

Classification of loops according to the material of manufacture

The materials for the manufacture of hinges on the door do not differ in a wide variety.

Recently forgotten steel products are gradually regaining their leading positions. For many years, blacksmiths have been improving the technology for making hinges from pure steel, but the development of aluminum-alloy production pushed this material back for some time. At times Soviet Union in our country, steel hinges were used mainly for the production of ordinary consumer goods without any special frills and aesthetic qualities, without any anti-corrosion or decorative coating.

Nowadays, the installation of simple steel canopies on interior doors is unpopular, they are used mainly for street and garden gates, installed on doors in non-residential premises. Forged door fittings, stylized "antique" or hinges from of stainless steel.

The main advantage of steel canopies should be called the highest mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. Canopies made of stainless steel are also highly resistant to moisture, temperature extremes, and therefore they are actively used for hanging entrance doors facing the street.

Thanks to the development of design ideas and the improvement of technology, enameled hinges or covered with special chemical compounds"under bronze" or "under gold", brass, chromeplated. As the main material, alloys of copper, steel, aluminum or zinc are used, which are subsequently coated with special compositions for decorative or anti-corrosion purposes.

The world's leading manufacturers of door fittings prefer to make hinges entirely from brass, rather than spray coating them. This is especially true of elite and expensive models. Such canopies are able to retain their decorative and aesthetic properties for a long time, and in terms of wear resistance and strength, brass products are in no way inferior to steel ones.

Hinges for folding doors

Folding interior doors entered the interior of our apartments relatively recently. Normal operation of doors of this design, consisting of separate sections, is ensured by special fittings included in the kit.

Hinges for folding interior doors are mainly used mortise, of a special design. Their goal is to connect the sashes, which can be several, from above and below.

Each type of door uses its own type of fittings, the quality of which depends not only appearance, but also the duration of operation of the door.

The weight and size of door leaves can vary greatly depending on the purpose of the door and the material from which they are made. If there are no problems with the choice of canopies for furniture and interior doors, then you can’t say the same about door hinges for heavy doors or gates.

They need to pick up reinforced fittings, as it must withstand very serious loads.

The reliability and efficiency of door accessories depend on performance characteristics doors themselves: service life, noiselessness, ease and smoothness of opening. And if we are talking about products that are at the entrance to the house or to the site, then additional requirements are imposed on the loops.

This:

• Resistance to intensive wear;
• Resistance to moisture and dust;
• High level of resistance to opening attempts.

For reference. At steel entrance doors, the hinges are considered the most vulnerable point, which are often cut off to enter the house.

Therefore, when choosing canopies, they try to take into account all factors that may affect the safety, convenience and duration of their use.

Namely:

• The location of the door block;
• Conditions and intensity of its operation;
• Dimensions and weight of the sash;
• The direction of opening the door leaf;
• The appearance of the hardware.

If the door is very heavy, then in addition to the special design of the canopies, they are also selected optimal amount for each sash. Quite often, instead of two, three or even four loops are used in order to more evenly distribute the mass of the web between them and eliminate possible deformations.

Types of canopies for massive doors

Special fittings are selected only for really heavy doors. The instruction requires installing it on canvases weighing from 80-100 kg. With a smaller mass, you can get by with ordinary loops, increasing their number if necessary.

Door hinges classified according to such criteria as type of construction, method of installation, material of manufacture.

By type of construction

By design, the loops are divided into one-piece and detachable.

The first ones consist of two cards fixed on the axis of rotation with holes for fasteners. Standard loops are 10-12 cm long and are used primarily when installing lungs.

1. Frame card with three hinges;
2. Sleeve;
3. Door card with two hinges;
4. Self-tapping screws for fasteners.

Reinforced door hinges are available for heavy canvases large sizes with more attachment points. The thickness of the cards is also made larger (minimum 3 mm versus 2 mm for conventional awnings).

Note. The use of one-piece hinges is inefficient due to the short service life and low reliability. Such loops quickly wear out inside, which leads to the appearance of a creak and sagging of the canvas. In addition, to remove the canvas from the box, the hinges must be unscrewed.

There are two types of detachable canopies: with a ball and with a bearing.

Structurally, they look like this:

1. door card;
2. Fist;
3. Steel finger;
4. Frame map.

Take off door leaf you can lift it up and remove the door card with the frame.

Note. To prevent the entry door from being hacked by removing it from its hinges, purchase door hardware with special depressions and protrusions, which, when the door is closed, are combined and limit the vertical movement of the leaf.

In order for such canopies to serve longer and more reliably, they are equipped with additional elements:

• Loops with balls. This is an improved version of the conventional detachable loop. In it, a steel ball is placed in the door card, which ensures easy sliding of the finger in the fist and smooth opening of the sash. Such canopies do not sag, but over time they may begin to creak. Lubrication with grease helps to remove it.

• Loops on the bearing. The most common type, which has a lot of advantages: strength, reliability, durability, undemanding maintenance, no creaking throughout the entire service life.

By installation method

Installation of hinges can be performed in different ways depending on their design and purpose:

• Overhead hinges- the most common and easy to install, which is easy to do with your own hands. It was they, forged by blacksmiths, that were used by our ancestors from time immemorial. Today, there are more modern and reliable options, but neither one nor the other is suitable for installation on front doors, as they are not protected from breaking. However, they can withstand a decent weight, so they are placed both on metal doors and on gates or heavy solid wood products.

• Mortise hinges much more reliable, since their cards are attached to the end of the door leaf and the inside of the box, and in the closed position they become invisible. Depending on the size and thickness of the plates, two hinges are able to withstand fairly decent loads - up to 100 kg. They are called mortise because grooves are selected under the cards in the body of the canvas and the box, allowing the plates to be “drowned” to the level of the main plane.

• , unlike overhead and mortise, are reliably protected from cutting, since when the door is closed, their rotary axis is absolutely not visible. Unsurpassed reliability, strength and ability to withstand fairly large loads allows you to install such canopies on the armored doors of cash and bank premises. They are universal: they can open the door both to the right and to the left. However, they also have a serious drawback - a small opening angle of the valves.

For reference. For steel doors other types of hidden loops are also used.

• Screw hinges consist of two "barrels"- cylindrical parts with holes for fasteners and with pins that are screwed into the slope of the box and the end of the door leaf. Inside the cylinders is the axis of rotation. In fact, this is an analogue of card loops, in which screw-in pins play the role of cards. Weight restrictions can be considered a design flaw: two standard hinges will not withstand a load of more than 100-120 kg, their number in the case of heavy doors will have to be increased to 3-4.

According to the material of manufacture

For the manufacture of canopies for heavy doors, different metals and alloys are used.

• Conventional uncoated steel hinges are practically not in demand today and are used only for doors to non-residential utility rooms or street fences.

• Stainless steel hinges are more popular, as they are highly resistant to temperature extremes and moisture, and retain their original appearance for a long time.

• Canopies made of alloys of steel, copper, zinc and aluminum, covered with enamel, brass, or bronze or gold compositions, are valued for their wear resistance and decorative effect, which allows you to choose fittings for doors of any color and design.

• Brass canopies are the most expensive, but they are superior in all operational and aesthetic indicators to hinges made of other materials. They are most often used when installing premium doors.

Conclusion

If you have purchased a door and are going to install it yourself, all necessary information according to the choice of awnings you have. The installation process itself is shown in the video in this article.

But in the case of massive canvases, it is better to purchase ready-made doors from well-known and reliable manufacturers who supply all the necessary fittings with them. It also includes door hinges for heavy doors, selected taking into account the design and weight of the product.

The size and weight of the valves can be very different. As a rule, furniture or interior doors are made of relatively light materials, but the entrance, and even more so the gate, can differ in a very large mass. Accordingly, even the simplest option is average in terms of reliability. steel structure, weighs at least 100 kg, which implies reinforced fittings.

Door hinges for doors

It should be noted right away that such fittings are required only with a really solid mass - from 70–100 kg. With less weight, it is quite possible to do ordinary species but from more durable materials- steel, and in larger quantities - not 2, but 3 or 4 canopies are simply attached to the sash. Typically for wood interior fabric this is more than enough.

However, the entrance sash needs more solid fixtures. It means not so much special kind fittings, although there are also such as their reinforced design and the inability to use lightweight options.

Overhead hinges for heavy wooden doors

Overhead awnings are among the simplest and most famous. Those options that are installed on interior doors, and occasionally on furniture doors, are not suitable for the front door, of course. It's about special metal products imitating antiquity and representing a massive robust design. The option is completely unsuitable for entering an apartment, since the overhead fittings do not have burglary protection, but such a solution is also possible for a private guarded house.

Furniture hinges for heavy doors also belong to the overhead category, however, they are not installed on the entrance doors: the weight that they can withstand is small.

Mortise fittings

The option is more reliable, since the plates that are attached to the door leaf and the slope of the frame remain inside, that is, the protection of such a sash is higher. Canopies of this kind crash into wooden product and welded to metal. Their "carrying capacity" is much higher - at least 100 kg.

Installed at high load large quantity canopies: heavy input structure put both 3 and 4.

Hidden awnings

Door hinges for heavy wooden or metal doors can be hidden. For the input model, this is the best way because they are burglar resistant. When the sash is closed, the swivel axis itself is inside the canvases, so that the hidden fittings are simply not visible and not accessible from the outside of the sash.

Hidden canopies has 3 rotary axes - movable and 2 fixed. This ensures the versatility of the product: it is possible to open both to the right and to the left. They can only be installed on a door leaf of sufficient thickness, since a rather deep niche must be formed to accommodate the canopy. A hidden structure cannot be installed on furniture doors.

Screw-in models

Another option for wooden or steel sashes is screw-in canopies. Here, only the rotary axis remains in sight, and pins are screwed into the slope of the frame and into the end of the web, or welded, if we are talking about iron structure. The advantage of the design is that it is adjustable: it is always possible to press the hinge if the sash has sagged.

The disadvantage of the solution is weight restrictions: the fittings cannot withstand more than 100–120 kg. Moreover, for heavy sashes, it is necessary to use screw-in canopies with at least 4 pins.

Reinforced door hinges for heavy doors

For the heaviest metal structures use special reinforced canopies. They also belong to the category of adjustable ones: pushing the canopy, repairs - everything is possible.

• Loops on bearings - rolling or sliding. The former are designed for relatively light weight. The latter successfully withstand the weight of garage or entrance gates. This option is considered the most reliable and durable. In the photo - canopies on bearings.

Hinges play an important role in the design of doors. They provide mobility, reliability. If the mass of the leaf exceeds 70-100 kg, then choose door hinges for heavy doors. They have certain distinctive features that can withstand heavy loads.

Used to make doors different materials. Their weight is different and can reach 100 kg. Then a reinforced door hinge is used. It is important to choose the right design so that the doors serve for a long time and reliably. The weight of the canvas also affects the number of fasteners. Usually put 2-4 loops.

Loop classification:

• According to the installation method;
• Depending on the material;
• Type of fastener;
• Place of installation;
• Mechanism connector.

You have to choose your own hinges for doors from wood materials. With metal sheets, the loops come in a set. Reinforced loops are found on plain and rolling bearings. The latter option is suitable for canvases with moderate weight. Sliding hinges are considered the most reliable and can withstand heavy loads.

Forged overhead products are considered reinforced hinges. The design has unusual view, but the principle of operation does not differ from standard fasteners. Forged hinges are handwork. Products can be found in private country houses.

For forged options do not require preliminary preparation of the canvas. It is enough to screw the loop and insert it into place with the help of wedges. The main disadvantage is that distortions and deformations are formed during operation. To fix the problem, you will have to remove the hinges along with the screws.

What hinges are used for heavy doors?

Doors from 70-100 kg are considered heavy. If the canvas is lighter, then standard loops are sufficient. For interior doors, steel fasteners will be enough. And for the input - you have to choose a reinforced design. You can take brass elements. They are quite durable, but expensive.

Varieties of hinges for heavy doors:

1. Overhead. This type fasteners are the simplest. The product is not suitable for the front door, but for the interior door it is a suitable option.
2. Mortise. When installing, the elements go deep into the canvas and the box. These are reliable products, capable of withstanding a load of 100 kg.
3. Hidden. Suitable hinges for the front door, because they are difficult to crack.
4. Screw-in. Only the swivel axle is visible. The fasteners can always be adjusted, but the hinges will not withstand more than 120 kg.

For wooden doors

Door hinges for heavy wooden doors are better to choose mortise removable ones. If the canvas is heavy, there is enough thickness and length to be able to withstand a mass of 70 kg or more. When choosing a material, it is advised to stop at brass, since such hinges are made by casting. Budget option is steel.

Wooden hinges work well. To check the quality of the loop, then, first of all, you need to shake it in different directions, checking the axis. The backlash should be small, but its presence is mandatory. The ball on the end of the axle should touch the cap on the other half of the fastener. It is necessary to fold the loop and check if the size of the halves matches. Differences are not allowed.

For heavy metal

Often included with metal doors there are suitable loops. There is no need to choose the product yourself.

But sometimes you still have to purchase hinges for entrance doors separately. When choosing them, you need to take into account several nuances.

The main purchase criteria are design features doors: in which direction they open, material of production, weight, availability of locks and additional elements. Be sure to take into account the intensity of operation of the canvas. Not the last role is played by the attractiveness of the design, stylish design.