In the rhythm of the moon phases: seedlings in March. The greenhouse operates from April to November - three crops of vegetables per season

In late March-early April, you can already start using the greenhouse in your summer cottage with might and main.

The greenhouse in April heats up so much that it stands among large snowdrifts warm island. Of course, it all depends on the weather. For example, last year on these dates there was almost no snow on the site, in any case: there were huge thawed patches on all the beds, and the snow remained only in the aisles. Accordingly, radishes, lettuces, onions for greens were sown not only in the greenhouse, but also in the open field (in mid-April).

This year, as you can see, there is still a lot of snow and it is melting very slowly. It seems that the garden beds will be freed from it only by the end of April.

But in the greenhouse during the day, a positive temperature is already stable: in sunny weather: 15-25 degrees, and in cloudy weather: 14-15. At night the temperature drops. But the soil temperature is low, although last year it was already +8 degrees in the same numbers.

It is a sin not to use the greenhouse in April for garden needs:

• place those seedlings in snails or containers (boxes, containers, bowls), which can easily tolerate low temperatures at night
• sow early greenery on the ridges, which grows well in conditions when there is still snow behind the walls of the greenhouse
• use the soil in the greenhouse for picking tomato seedlings

Seedlings in a greenhouse in April

In early April, it is already possible to place seedlings of cold-resistant crops and flowers in containers, snails and other containers in the greenhouse to unload the window sills in the house

Since last week we additionally threw snow on the beds, for now it remains only to take advantage of the positive air temperature in order to put seedlings of cold-resistant crops and flowers in the greenhouse.

What seedlings in a greenhouse in April can feel great and even develop better than in room conditions, where it is too warm for it and it stretches out:

• broccoli
• cauliflower
• early white cabbage
• black onion
• leek
• strawberry
• annual flowers: marigolds, phlox, cineraria, carnation, viola, etc.

To compensate for low temperatures a little at night, you need to use:

• heat accumulators (stones, plastic water bottles), which heat up during the day, and at night give off heat to the surrounding space
• covering woven material to protect seedlings from drying out and hypothermia
• film to protect against cold weather with minus indicators and to keep warm in the soil on the ridges (the unoccupied part of the ridges should be covered with a film)

What to plant in a greenhouse in April

What to plant in a greenhouse in April for early greens from cold-resistant crops, the seeds of which germinate at low soil temperatures?!

Even if the soil temperature is zero, you can still sow some greens for food in boxes in the greenhouse (if there is still snow on the ridges) and put them on improvised racks, home-made coasters, or simply on plastic or metal barrels that are in the greenhouse they heat up very well under the sun and become a source of radiating heat at night, which allows seedlings and greenery to calmly endure the night temperature drop.

To free the soil in the greenhouse from snow, you need to sprinkle it with something dark: ash or sand. Then the snow will melt into as soon as possible and it will be possible to start using greenhouse beds.

In order for the soil to warm up faster and life processes begin in it, you just need to put a film on it for one or two weeks and it’s better to do it early: at the end of March-beginning of April, in order to then sow radishes, which love to grow and bear fruit well in greenhouse conditions: warm upstairs, but not hot, downstairs cool...

If there is no snow in your greenhouse anymore, and the earth is loose, it asks for something to be planted in it, then you still need to put a film on it first, if the thermometer stuck into the ground shows 0-2 degrees. Because, such temperature is not enough for the development of plants. It is advisable to heat with a film to + 6-8 degrees and then start sowing. Although at +2 degrees such seeds normally germinate, such as:

• radish
• leaf salad
• arugula
• spinach
• dill
• green onions

It is clear that we are talking about the first days of April, because at the end of April in any region of the country, the temperature in the air and soil greenhouse will already be such that you can sow any seeds for plant seedlings that you need for planting in open ground during May.

And in early April, a nice thing to plant radishes. It is better to use the edges of the ridges for planting, because radishes and other greens can still grow when you start planting seedlings of peppers or tomatoes in the greenhouse in early May. Again, the timing of planting peppers and tomatoes in the greenhouse depends on weather conditions and your fear of frost, but just in case, the middle of the ridges in the greenhouse should be free and ready for you to start sowing seedlings of other crops or early planting seedlings of the crop for which the greenhouse is intended.

Tomatoes in the greenhouse in April

Tomatoes in a greenhouse in April can also be grown. For example, for picking. This is true for urban residents who do not have the opportunity to grow tomato seedlings on the windowsill, so you can practice the combined method of growing tomato seedlings:

• sow tomato seeds very thickly in a plastic cake box at the end of March
• in the first decade of April, bring tomato seedlings directly in this box to the dacha (at the age of two to four true leaves)
• dive in a greenhouse in the garden, even if the ground is not yet warm enough for them
• if the ground is still cold for tomatoes, then they will still take root, but they will turn slightly blue. It's okay
• you can cover it with thin lutrasil even without arcs, placing sticks next to it, because the covering material is light and there will be nothing for plants, even if it is placed directly on them
• in a couple of weeks, the seedlings will not be recognized, and by the beginning of May it (each tomato) will turn into a beauty: strong (with a thick trunk) and stocky, so powerful that it makes no sense to even compare with her brothers grown on the windowsill

This technique has been practiced by me for many years, when I constantly lived in the city, so I am guaranteed to be responsible for its viability and practicality. Try it if there is such a need. You can make various additions or changes according to the circumstances and at your discretion. For example, my neighbor edited the methodology for himself in this way:

• in early April, he sowed tomato seeds in boxes, which he placed in a greenhouse on polystyrene foam sheets laid on the ground to isolate them from the cold coming from the ground
• he set the arches and stretched the film. It turned out that the boxes with seedlings were under double protection: glass of the greenhouse + film on the arches
• in the same greenhouse, he dived tomatoes into other, larger boxes
• grew seedlings in boxes until mid-May, and then planted in another (tomato) greenhouse already in a permanent place

He grew all the tomato seedlings from A to Z in the greenhouse in April, because there was no space and light on the windowsill of the apartment. And he planted a lot. Compared to that elongated (very high) and dead (thin stem and light color leaves) from the seedlings that he had before (grown on the windowsills of the apartment), the seedlings from the greenhouse were very different: stocky, plump and with rich green leaves.

In this technique, a huge plus is not only the fact that the window sills in the house are free, but also the fact that you don’t need to toil with the transportation of large seedlings from the city to the site. Usually, such transportation of tomato seedlings becomes a laborious undertaking:

• pack numerous cups in large boxes
• take the boxes to the car
• put them in the trunk or on the seats of the car so as not to break
• bring and unload everything in the reverse order: bring the boxes into the greenhouse, unpack the boxes and arrange the cups with seedlings ...

The greenhouse in April becomes a real helper for everyone preparatory work in the upcoming season, if used to its fullest.

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Polycarbonate greenhouses can have different sizes and forms. But regardless of these factors, every gardener should know about the timing of sowing each plant. In this regard, one must rely on individual characteristics crop growth and auspicious time according to the lunar calendar.

Growing seedlings in polycarbonate greenhouse requires special knowledge. It is not only a matter of proper construction, but also of caring for crops. The first thing that interests every gardener is when to start planting seedlings in a greenhouse.

Features of planting:

1. It is necessary to take into account the date of planting seedlings in open ground. Oriented norm - by May 20.
2. The appearance of the first shoots depends on the type of plant. On average, it ranges from a couple of days to two weeks.
3. It is important to focus on the age limit of plants.
4. It is necessary to remember about the adaptation of the seed after picking or transplanting.

Plant culture directly affects the time of planting. Each species has its own growth characteristics, determined by nature. They also include temperature, humidity, and many other factors.

Deadlines that differ from the landing rate:

1. Hybrid and early varieties tomatoes are planted before June 1.
2. Eggplants, peppers and common varieties of tomatoes can be planted in late February and early March. This is possible under the condition of a heated polycarbonate greenhouse. It is important to monitor the seedlings so that they do not outgrow. Only pepper or celery can withstand this. To prevent overgrowth, resort to different methods and can put seedlings in completely dark places without light. But all these methods are ineffective.
3. Sweet peppers are planted no later than June 5th.
4. Cucumbers are planted at the end of May.
5. Each type of cabbage has an individual planting time.

When growing plants in a greenhouse, it is important to heat the greenhouse, which makes it possible to grow plants in winter time. If there is none, then you can safely plant only cold-resistant vegetable crops. These include greens (parsley, lettuce, dill). As well as radishes, Beijing cabbage, cocabu, mustard.

If on the street extreme cold, then cultures need to be covered with non-woven material.

Any temperature changes affect the condition of vegetables. For comfortable cultivation, it is necessary to adapt crops to low temperatures. Every week you need to lower the temperature to 16-18 degrees for 2-3 days.

Basic rules: when to plant seedlings for a polycarbonate greenhouse

Many greenhouse owners choose the same growing conditions different cultures. So for cucumbers and tomatoes determine the same temperature and humidity. At the same time, cucumbers are considered not very whimsical. More care for tomatoes, peppers and eggplants.

Rules for growing tomatoes and cucumbers:

1. Cucumbers need a temperature of 27-29 degrees on sunny days and 22-24 degrees on rainy days. At night, the temperature fluctuates around 20-21 degrees. Humidity is measured in the range of 87-88%.
2. Tomatoes are kept at a temperature of 21-24 degrees during the day and 20 at night. Humidity within 68%.

Tomatoes and cucumbers differ significantly in care. For good yields, crops are grown in two different greenhouses. The first contains peppers, tomatoes, eggplant and greens. Cucumbers, watermelons, melons, pumpkins should be grown in the second film greenhouse.

To achieve the desired humidity for cucumbers, you need to water the ground between the rows, and the plants themselves only need to be sprayed with water.

Planting tomatoes and cucumbers in the same greenhouse is possible only if the heating is divided. At the same time, the dimensions of the greenhouse should allow this. You can put some seedlings of cucumbers in a greenhouse with tomatoes, but not vice versa. You also need to take care of the normal conditions for keeping vegetables. They shouldn't be tight. This minimizes the risk of pest damage. Special attention is required different types cabbage.

Features of growing cabbage different varieties :

1. White cabbage seeds are sown in early February. If this is seedlings, then it is better to plant in early April. It is necessary to grow a white variety when the plants have strengthened, and three leaves have appeared.
2. The Beijing variety loves humidity and temperature in the range of 14 degrees. In the absence of regular watering, the cabbage withers. That is why it is desirable to install automatic watering. The growing period is 20 days. Ripeness is determined when a dense head of cabbage has formed.
3. Cauliflower needs to be fertilized regularly. To do this, it is enough to make 2 dressings. There are no special temperature requirements. The main thing is to avoid sudden changes.

To receive good harvest cabbage soil should be dense, clay and moist. It needs to be regularly loosened and fertilized. Manure is used for feeding.

What crops to plant in a greenhouse in August

The last month of summer is quite busy among gardeners. This is the time of harvesting many crops and preparing the greenhouse soil for the new planting season. But some types of plants can be planted at this time.

Plants to plant in August:

• Fast-ripening types of cucumbers;
• Chinese cabbage;
• Broccoli;
• Greens (dill, lettuce, onion);
• Spinach;
• Early ripe radish.

At this time, you can start planting some flowers: premula and cyclamen. It all depends on the personal preferences of the grower. But do not neglect the advice of experts.

Plants to plant in a greenhouse in April

Spring is time mass landing seedlings. Usually the optimal period begins from the end of winter - the beginning of spring. But some varieties need to be planted later, in April.

Crops for planting in April:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• eggplant;
• Cauliflower;
• Flowers: primrose, physalis.

At this time, you can plant heat-loving flowers. These include petunias, asters, dahlias. You can also sow carrots, peas, greens. Grafted roses are often planted at this time. But you need to start at the end of April. In the middle of spring, you can plant all the vegetables.

Lunar calendar for the greenhouse in 2017

It is not necessary to spend the whole day in the greenhouse. When studying the lunar calendar, just a couple of hours at work can be more prolific than an entire working day. Applying knowledge about space in practice has been accepted for a long time. The influence of the moon on our life has been proven, so there is no need to be skeptical about this knowledge.

New Moon - time of rebirth new moon. During this period, any work with the soil is prohibited.

The lunar calendar has many aspects. But there are 2 basic prescriptions that are the basics of this science. During the growth of the moon, you need to plant plants for which the characteristic ground growth. And with a decrease in the moon, it is worth doing vegetables with underground growth.

When growing crops, Special attention turn to not auspicious days planting plants. It is important to compare the work with the soil with lunar calendar every year. During the planting period, specific days are allocated that have a bad effect on the growth of crops.

bad days:

• In April - from 6 to 8;
• In May - 3 days from 5 to 7;
• In June - from 4 to 6;
• In July - from 3 to 5;
• In August - from 2 to 4 and 31.

At the same time, each single plant has its own favorable days for planting in each month. In 2016, pepper should be planted in the spring: March 13, April 8-9, and also in May - 11, 17 and 25. Tomatoes are optimally planted on March 13 and 16; 8-9, 14 in April; 11, 17 and 25 in May. For cucumbers good days- March 16, April 8 and 9, May 11 and 25. Greens can be planted on March 25 and 27; April 8, 9, 11, 12, 21; May 2, 11, 12, 18.

How and when to plant seedlings in a polycarbonate greenhouse (video)

Each plant has individual terms landing. At the same time, it is important to take into account all the factors on how to properly maintain vegetables in a polycarbonate greenhouse. It is impossible to say exactly which cultivation should be used. But you should pay attention to humidity, temperature, top dressing, watering.

In anticipation of the new season, the question arises of what and when to plant in an unheated greenhouse in order to get an early harvest, preferably in March or early April.

early harvest in an unheated greenhouse can only be obtained on warm beds. How to make them correctly, we have already written. One has only to add that it is better to use fresh manure as a biofuel.

During construction warm beds spring horse dung can be deposited immediately. Sheep and rabbit - you must first moisten, and grass, straw, leaves should be added to the cow in a volume ratio of 1: 2. If there is nowhere to take manure, then straw, sawdust, hay, last year's leaves and others can be used. plant remains.

Manure warms up well from shoveling and loosening. And plant debris must be shed hot water, at least in several places, and then cover with a dark film. When the biofuel warms up (several days), it must be laid in at least a 30-cm layer, and poured on top fertile soil. Approximately in a week it is possible to sow cold-resistant crops: radish, spinach, lettuce.

Radish seedlings that need thinning

We will tell you how to plant radishes in April. When choosing radish varieties, preference should be given early maturing varieties: Quarta, Heat, Carmen, 20 days, Gusar, Variant, Rhodes, etc. It should be noted that for radish varieties that form rounded roots, a soil layer of at least 14 cm is required and at least 22 cm for varieties with oblong roots.

Radishes with rounded roots

The seeding depth is approximately 1 cm, and the row spacing is 6 cm. It is advisable to sow the seeds in 4 cm increments so as not to thin out the seedlings. It is impossible to grow excellent quality radishes without regular watering. Soil moisture is most important during the formation of root crops. Should be watered warm water(about 23 0 C) with water, especially on early dates.

Radishes with oblong roots

On the initial stage the formation of root crops, top dressing is desirable. Suitable slurry, diluted 5 times with water, with the addition potash fertilizers(20 g / bucket) and superphosphate (30 g / bucket). Less than 25 days after germination, radishes can be selectively harvested.

Spinach ready to be harvested

You can sow spinach and lettuce at the same time as radishes. The planting depth of spinach seeds is just over 1 cm, and for lettuce seeds - 0.5 cm. Leave at least 10 cm between rows, and about 6 cm between plants.

Different types of lettuce

Caring for both crops is common: watering, loosening row spacings, thinning thickened seedlings, weeding. Top dressing after the formation of the second true leaf with nitrogen-containing fertilizers (10 g per sq.m.) will allow you to get more delicate greens.

If night frosts are expected, then the seedlings should be sprayed with water (up to 18 hours) and covered with a film. The condensate formed on the film will retain heat and the seedlings will not suffer.

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Artem Levsha 17.02.2014 | 2971

March is one of the main months for gardeners, because right now the foundation is being laid for summer work. And the main task of gardeners now is to prepare the greenhouse for the upcoming season.

Inspection and repair of the greenhouse

Preparation of the greenhouse for operation begins with its visual inspection and identification of damage that occurred during the winter. It is possible that under the influence low temperatures and due to the severity of the snow that has fallen, the covering material must be either partially or completely replaced. If your greenhouse is covered plastic wrap, it is 100% replaceable. To change the film on the frame, you need to choose a day with warm, calm weather and a positive temperature. In this case, the film will lie on the greenhouse without defects. Film hauling must start from the roof and then move down.

If your greenhouse is covered with cellular polycarbonate, then visual inspection must be combined with the verification of all fasteners of the structure. If polycarbonate sheets sagged under the weight of snow, then it is better to replace them completely.

Often the basis of the frame of the greenhouse are wooden frames. Therefore, the task of the gardener in March is to conduct a cycle painting work to reduce the impact of putrefactive bacteria on wooden base greenhouses. best material for such work will remain Oil paint which creates a reliable protective layer.

It is also necessary to clean the surface of polycarbonate or glass from dust. For this you can use soap solution and a foam brush, with which the surface of the greenhouse is wiped both from the inside and outside.

Soil disinfection in the greenhouse

For a long frosty period greenhouse soil at a depth of up to 15-20 cm lost about 80% of moisture. Despite this, it was the dehydration of the soil that helped to survive in it. a large number microorganisms, which can later cause a lot of problems when growing vegetables. The first thing a gardener should start with is to disinfect the soil. The easiest way to secure your future harvest is to remove upper layer soil and take it to compost heap, and pour rotted manure or peat prepared in the fall into the vacant place. Otherwise, you need to remove the layer to a depth of 5 cm, fold it into piles inside the greenhouse, and pour plenty of warm water on the ground under this layer.

Then, using sulfur checkers, process everything inner space greenhouse smoke. Sulfuric anhydrite, interacting with water in the soil, forms a weak solution of sulfurous acid, which is detrimental to the unfavorable microflora of the greenhouse. The period of complete decomposition of unstable chemical compounds is 3-4 days. During this time, all microorganisms will die. After that, you can start fertilizing the soil before the first planting. If you are using a greenhouse made of cellular polycarbonate with iron bearing elements, then this operation cannot be carried out. The fact is that in droplets of water on the metal a weak solution of sulfurous acid is formed, which leads to corrosion of the structure. This procedure can be replaced by abundant watering of the soil with a 5% solution. blue vitriol or Bordeaux liquid. And only then proceed to fertilize the soil.

soil improvement

The easiest way is to apply rotted manure or peat. If this is impossible to do in March, then complex mineral fertilizers(nitroammophoska, azophoska) at the rate of 50 g per 1 sq.m. ( Matchbox) and carefully dig the soil. Of course, the greenhouse in March is not ready to accept the seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes or peppers, but it is quite possible to start growing greens, radishes and other early vegetables in it.

After the soil is moistened and warmed up, your task is to start biological processes in the soil. However, after winter anhydrous freezing and disinfection of the greenhouse, almost all useful microorganisms in the soil died. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the soil. For this, ready-made biologically active substances such as Baikal and Tamir are suitable. We make a solution of the desired concentration, according to the instructions on the package and spill the entire cultivated area of ​​​​the greenhouse. It is very important to maintain a positive temperature in the greenhouse for a week after the introduction of microorganisms into the soil. This will increase the speed of germination and ripening several times.

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The season in the greenhouse is opened by cold-resistant early crops: radish, dill, watercress, Chinese lettuce, leaf lettuces and salad mustard.
Radish

The first harvest of radishes in an unheated greenhouse can be harvested by May 9th. To do this, the seeds begin to be sown in March, randomly, over the snow thrown over the greenhouse beds.

Radish is a light-loving crop, so the sunniest place in the greenhouse is selected for it. It develops best on nutritious, humus-rich and loose soils. The most important nutrient for radishes is potassium. It can be provided by adding potassium sulfate or by dusting the soil with wood ash.

Experienced gardeners advise sowing only large radish seeds in a greenhouse, since small ones shoot quickly. Unused small seeds can later be sown somewhere in the garden under the trees for greens for salad.

Don't plant radishes large area right away: the harvest may turn out to be so good that you "can't overpower" it. Better spend repeated crops with an interval of two to three weeks, so that the radish comes to the table with a continuous vitamin conveyor.

Varieties of radish are divided into early-ripening spring and summer-autumn. When buying seeds, carefully read the description of the variety so that the result does not disappoint you. In the first year, you can sow many different varieties and see which ones bear the best fruit in your conditions. The next year, sow those that have proven themselves well, leaving a small area for testing new varieties for you.
Dill

Dill will grow well in the garden without any shelters. But lovers of its greens sow dill in greenhouses already in early April, and then repeat the sowing every 15-20 days, gradually moving to open beds to have tender fresh greens all the time. Dill is harvested as needed, pulling out the bushes with the root, every 3-4 weeks.
Beijing lettuce

Beijing lettuce is often confused with Chinese cabbage and collard greens. Its advantages include cold resistance, shade tolerance, early maturity, productivity and the fact that, unlike salads, it does not taste bitter even during flowering.

Beijing cabbage has leafy, semi-headed and headed varieties. In greenhouses, leafy is usually grown, since it is the earliest of all: its growing season is 45-50 days. If leafy Beijing cabbage is planted not in a greenhouse, not with seeds, but with seedlings, the harvest can be obtained even faster.

Seeds germinate at a temperature of 3-4°C, plants withstand frosts down to -4°C. The most favorable temperature for growth and development is 15-20°C. Chinese cabbage shade-tolerant, moreover, it shoots less in the shade. It is removed selectively, as needed, thereby providing additional thinning.
Salad

There are many varieties of lettuce: leafy, semi-headed, headed, romaine, asparagus. The most precocious of them are leafy. They form a powerful rosette of 5-10 leaves already 20-30 days after germination.

Lettuce seeds germinate at a temperature of 4-5°C, the most favorable temperature for growth is 15-20°C.

Lettuce is photophilous, with insufficient lighting, the plant is drawn out. Lettuce is harvested selectively, if necessary, individual leaves can be plucked first. When the rosettes have grown enough, cut off the entire plant with a knife. After harvesting, the lettuce is not washed, otherwise it will rot.

Watercress deserves special mention among leafy lettuces. This is a very tasty early ripening cold-resistant spicy greens, ready for use already 2-3 weeks after sowing. After two weeks, you can begin to cut off individual leaves, and before flowering (25-30 days after emergence), the entire plant is pulled out. Crops can be repeated all summer, until late autumn, and also sown before winter. Late autumn crops can self-sow.
Leaf lettuce mustard

Leaf lettuce mustard is very unpretentious. This is a cold-resistant crop, the seedlings of which are able to tolerate short-term frosts. Mustard is characterized by precocity, you can start harvesting 25-35 days after sowing. Mustard is not very demanding on the soil, moreover, it is an excellent green manure.

Mustard seeds are sown in the greenhouse as much as possible earlier in the spring until it is occupied by heat-loving crops. Sowing depth 1-1.5 cm, rows every 25 cm, row spacing 18-20 cm. Optimum temperature for mustard, in which the releases appear on the 3rd-4th day - 18-20°C. Mustard can be sown not in rows, but randomly, thinning then after 5 cm, and then after 10 cm.

The root system of mustard is superficial, it is moisture-loving, so it may need regular watering. With a lack of moisture, mustard may bloom prematurely, and the leaves will become small and rough.

For a family of four, a mustard bed of 0.5 - 1 sq. m. It can also be sown as a compactor for most major greenhouse and horticultural crops.