Motion sensor to turn on the light. Why do you need a motion sensor for lighting

For the convenience and safety of a person, motion sensors have been invented that react to the appearance or presence of a person in their area of ​​​​action. When a person appears in the sensor coverage area, the automation is activated, and any electrical equipment connected to it is activated, for example, lighting is turned on, the system sound alert, alarm.

The photo shows a motion sensor, using the installation example of which, I will demonstrate how to properly connect it to the electrical wiring for automatic start lamp at the entrance to the room.

The appearance of the motion sensor is a plastic box of rectangular or round shape with a window covered with a matte plastic film, which is a Fresnel lens. Through this window, using infrared waves, the appearance of a person in the control zone is monitored. The material from which the Fresnel lens is made is delicate, and when installing and operating the motion sensor, care must be taken not to accidentally damage the lens.

Before installing a motion sensor, you need to choose the one suitable for solving the task, based on the size of the room and the conditions in which people and animals stay in it.

Choosing a motion sensor model for the home

According to the method of determining the appearance of a person in the control zone, motion sensors are active and passive.

Active ones work like a radar or echo sounder. The signal is emitted and its reflection is analyzed. If the distance that the signal passes from the sensor to the obstacle and back has changed, then it works. Passive sensors simply capture the heat radiated by a person. There are also combined ones, in which active and passive methods of control are combined.

Active sensors operate in the ultrasonic or high radio frequency range. The ultrasonic range lies within 20,000 Hz, a person does not hear such a sound, but dogs, cats and other animals hear and begin to behave restlessly. If there are living creatures in the house, then motion sensors operating in the ultrasonic range cannot be used.

Active motion sensors operating at high radio frequencies do not "notice" obstacles in the form of walls, furniture, and determine only the movement of objects. If installed incorrectly, they can even react to the swaying of trees outside the window or the movement of people in a neighboring apartment, causing false positives. In addition, they are the most expensive.

To control the inclusion of lighting in the apartment, passive infrared motion sensors that react to the heat radiated by the human body are best suited. Therefore, this type is the most common.

You should also pay attention to the horizontal and vertical angles motion sensor detection and range. Typically, the detection area for ceiling-mounted motion sensors is 360° in a circular pattern. Motion detectors designed for wall mounting typically have a horizontal detection angle of 180° and a vertical detection angle of about 20°.

In the drawing, the blue lines indicate the contour of the room, and the figure formed by the red lines is the detection zone of the motion sensor. As you can see, the detection zone does not cover the entire volume of the room, therefore, when choosing an installation location, the detection zone is the determining criterion.

The detection range of motion sensors is usually limited to 12 meters, which is quite enough for home use. If the room large sizes, has no rectangular shape or multi-storey, for example, as an entrance to a house, then in this case, several devices are installed to detect the presence of a person throughout the area.

By design, motion sensors are movable and fixed. The mobile device allows you to change the detection zone by moving the sensor relative to the base in horizontal and vertical directions.

As you can see, this motion sensor provides the ability to change the position of its head, due to which, after mounting it on the wall, you can change the control zone within a small range.

Selecting an installation location
light motion sensor

Before installing a motion sensor, for its reliable operation and elimination of false ones, it is required to take a responsible approach to choosing the installation location. It is necessary not only to provide the necessary detection zone, but also to protect the motion sensor from the influence of external factors that cause false alarms or block the sensor's operation and take into account the need to connect it to the electrical wiring.

It is not recommended to install motion sensors near radiators of electric and central heating and pipes leading hot water, in close proximity to air conditioners, near thermal and electrical appliances that emit electromagnetic interference.

Even if you take into account all the recommendations and understand technical specifications, theoretically correct to choose the best place to install without having practice is difficult. Therefore, it is advisable, before performing electrical work do some research.

Designation of motion sensor outputs

Motion sensor inside electronic circuit and in order for it to work, it must be connected to the supply voltage. Usually, motion sensors are designed to be connected directly to a 220 V household power supply, except for radio sensors, which are powered by a battery installed inside. The connection diagram is necessarily available on the case, usually next to the terminal block for connection. In this motion sensor model, the marking is made directly on its body by plastic embossing.

In order for the motion sensor to start working, it is enough to apply the supply voltage to the terminals of its terminal block L and N. To connect it to the mains, you need to take a segment double wire, on one side, install a plug on it, and the other end, not forgetting to remove the insulation, connect to terminals L and N of the terminal block. The phasing of the wire connection, in this case, does not matter. Moreover, if you make a mistake and connect the wires incorrectly, then nothing bad will happen, the motion sensor will simply not work. In this case, the blinking motion sensor enable indicator will not light.

In the photo, for clarity, a short piece of wire is connected. The length of the wire should ensure that the motion sensor is connected to the nearest outlet when choosing the installation location. If there is no piece of wire of sufficient length, then you can use an extension cord.

Typically, motion sensors have an LED that indicates what state it is in. If the sensor is connected to the power supply and is in standby mode, the LED flashes at a frequency of approximately once per second. When triggered, the blinking frequency of the LED increases, which allows you to know, without connecting the load, when choosing the installation location, whether the sensor has triggered or not. It should be noted that some types of motion sensors, after being connected to the mains, become ready for operation after some time, 15-30 seconds.

Assignment of parameter adjustment knobs

On the body of the motion sensor there are knobs for adjusting its parameters. Depending on the model and its purpose, there are from two to four handles. Next to the handles is usually applied letter designation the type of adjustment, the picture of the purpose of the adjustment, and the direction of rotation of the knob to change the setting. Therefore, before installing a motion sensor, you need to figure out which parameter and how each of the handles affects and in what position they need to be set for optimal performance in specific conditions.

Before you start looking for a place to install a motion sensor, it is advisable to adjust its parameters on the table and make marks with a marker to make it easier in real conditions. In low light, the factory markings are hard to see.

Dimmer LUX allows you to set the illumination threshold, above which the motion sensor will not respond to movement. Why turn on the light during daylight hours, if you can see it so well. Initially set to max..

Timer time controller TIME motion sensor. This is the time during which the light will be on after the motion sensor is triggered. Initially set to the minimum turn-on time. It should be noted that if, after the motion sensor is triggered, a person continues to move in the detection zone, then the timer is restarted, and the countdown until the motion sensor turns off will begin from the moment the person stops moving. For example, if you set the timer to 10 seconds, and a person moved or waved his arms in the detection zone for 10 minutes, then the light will be on all this time.

Sensitivity knob SENS rarely installed on motion sensors, as it is a practical necessity. It happens, it is needed if it is required not to control part of the room, and this can always be done by adjusting the position of the motion sensor during installation. Initially, you need to set it to maximum.

Microphone sensitivity control MIC is present very rarely, since it is not in demand in everyday life and has low noise immunity. The noise of a passing truck or a child screaming in the entrance of the house can trigger the motion sensor. But to perform the function of protection, if properly adjusted, it can serve as an excellent means of protection, since the detection zone will be practically unlimited. Initially, you need to set it to a minimum.

Now that the preparatory work has been done and all the controls are set to the desired positions, you can begin to determine the location of the motion sensor. To do this, you can temporarily fix the sensor on a stepladder or board, and by placing the motion sensor in the intended installation locations, by trial and error, find the best one. As I wrote above, a frequently blinking LED will indicate a trigger.

It is convenient to connect the motion sensor for lighting to the electrical wiring in two places, in the junction box or directly at the point where the chandelier is connected to the wires coming out of the ceiling or wall. Therefore, before looking for a place to install a motion sensor, you need to determine in which place it is easier to connect it. Dealing with the wires in the junction box, especially in long-built houses, is difficult even for a professional electrician, and the boxes are often covered with wallpaper or are under plaster. The easiest way to deal with the connection to a chandelier or wall lamp.

After determining the installation location of the motion sensor, you can begin to mount it on the wall and install the wiring.

Attention! Before connecting the motion sensor to the wiring, to avoid damage electric shock, you need to de-energize it. To do this, turn off the corresponding circuit breaker in switchboard and check the reliability of the disconnection using the phase indicator.

An example of installing a motion sensor in an apartment

The plaster on the brick wall was quite loose, and the distance between the centers of the holes had to be maintained to the nearest millimeter. I used a simple conductor and a certain sequence of drilling holes in the wall. For the manufacture of the conductor, a piece of plywood was taken, in which two holes were drilled, 4 and 6 mm. After drilling the first hole in the wall, a dowel was inserted into it and a conductor was screwed through a 4 mm hole with a self-tapping screw. A second hole in the wall was drilled through a 6 mm hole in the conductor.

With such a simple technique, with the help of plywood trimming, it was possible to drill holes exactly in the specified places.

All preparatory work done, and you can proceed with the installation of electrical wiring and installation of a motion sensor. But in order to do the work with skill, and not just mindlessly connect the wires to each other, you should familiarize yourself with the chandelier connection diagram.

Sensor Wiring Diagram

As can be seen from the diagram, the neutral wire, which is indicated by the letter N, connects directly to the chandelier light bulb, and phase, which is indicated L, connects to the second output of the chandelier bulb through a switch.

In practice, you may encounter the fact that the switch opens not the phase, but the neutral wire. From a safety point of view, this is wrong, but opening the neutral wire does not affect the performance of the chandelier. If there are a lot of light bulbs in the chandelier or it costs double switch, then the connection diagram of the chandelier is more complicated. For a meaningful connection of the motion sensor, it is enough to consider how to connect it to a chandelier from one light bulb.

From a functional point of view, the motion sensor is ordinary switch, only it turns off the light not by pressing the switch key with a human hand, but by movement in the zone of its detection. Since the motion sensor has an electronic circuit, for its operation it is necessary to apply a supply voltage to this circuit.

Produced motion sensors designed to be installed instead of a switch. But to connect it, one more additional wire is needed, and of course it is necessary that the detection zone with such an installation corresponds to the required one. Three wires sometimes go to the switch, for separately connecting two groups of chandelier bulbs. If such a use of a chandelier is not necessary and the detection zone is suitable, then it is possible to install a motion sensor instead of a switch without laying an additional wire, after switching in the junction box.

wiring diagram

The simplest case is when the motion sensor is connected to the terminal block of the chandelier. Since there was no such block in my lamp, I had to install it. I made the connection according to the wiring diagram below.

As you can see in the diagram, the phase wire is connected to the top terminal of the terminal block and from it goes directly to the terminal block terminal, indicated by the letter L. The neutral wire is connected to the middle terminal of the terminal block and then goes to the terminal block terminal, indicated by the letter N. To it so two wires are connected, going to the light bulb and an additional outlet.

Phase wire L, is connected to the normally open contacts of the relay, in the same way as to the contacts of an ordinary key switch. Further, from the relay contact, the wire goes to the lower contact of the terminal block and then connects to the lower contact of the chandelier terminal block. The second output of the light bulb and socket is also connected to the same contact. When the motion sensor is triggered, the relay closes the contacts and voltage is applied to the light bulb and socket.

As a light source, you can connect not only incandescent lamps to the motion sensor, but also energy-saving, LED bulbs and monochrome and RGB LED strips connected through adapters. You can also connect a radio or any other device.

Before connecting the wires, their lengths are prepared, sufficient for free connection to the terminal blocks. The insulation is removed from the ends of the wires and, according to the diagram, the wires are twisted with each other. After twisting, solder tinning is performed using electric soldering iron. If the passage of large currents is not planned, then it is not necessary to tin the wires.

When the ends of the wires are prepared, they are connected to the terminal block of the chandelier.

It remains to screw the base of the chandelier to the wall and screw the ceiling into it. As you can see, all wires and terminal block hid under the base of the chandelier and do not protrude anywhere.

I put the wires to the additional outlet in the cable channel, because I didn’t want to ditch the wall and spread dirt. At the next repair of the toilet, I will hide the wiring in the wall.

Now you need to make adjustments, set the timer time, the sensitivity of the motion sensor and the work can be considered finished.

Although the light now began to turn on and off automatically, but out of habit, when approaching the door, the hand reaches for the switch, and when leaving, constantly, without even noticing, everyone turns off the light. I had to short-circuit the conclusions of the switch on the wall so that it no longer affects the turning on of the light, since if the light is turned off by the switch and turned on again, the motion sensor only works after the time set by the timer has elapsed.

Features connection of the motion sensor turning on the light
at the entrance with an elevator

By e-mail I received a letter from Sergei from St. Petersburg. Sergey is a professional electrician and encountered difficulties installing motion sensors in the entrance of seven storey building equipped with an elevator and turned to me for advice. Decided with the consent of Sergei to publish our correspondence.

Sergey:
Yesterday, active motion sensors were installed to turn on the light in the entrance hall on seven floors, and it turned out that when the elevator goes, the light turns on on each floor, it’s beautiful, but the customer didn’t like it. The electromagnetic field acts on the sensors clearly. But in another house under the same conditions, everything works fine. Maybe the elevator is not grounded? Or maybe the elevator is old and gives such interference. How to protect yourself from this?

Answer:
As for the influence of the electromagnetic field, I doubt it, since the elevator is just a box with buttons and a lamp, and all power equipment is located on the roof of the house in a special room. When the elevator car moves, only the end position sensors on the floors switch, but there the currents flow in a few milliamps and cannot influence in any way.
The absence of elevator grounding is excluded, since this is one of the main points of safety requirements and is checked without fail by supervisory organizations.
The influence of interference on the network due to the operation of the power equipment of the elevator also does not take place in your case, since then the lamps on all floors would turn on at the same time.
One thing remains, the influence of the movement of the cabin itself on the sensors. With a high sensitivity of the motion sensor, even if the elevator car moves in a blind shaft, even a small gap at the junction of the elevator doors may well be enough, especially if the sensor is installed against the elevator door. You can check this by closing the slot on one of the floors, or by reducing the sensitivity of the sensor.
If, nevertheless, the culprit of the false alarm is network interference, then you can try to connect a capacitor with a capacity of 0.01-0.1 mF for a voltage of at least 300 V in parallel with the motion sensor to the network connection terminals.

Sergey:
Good afternoon Alexander, touched by the quick response to my question. Today we closed the elevator window with an aluminum shield, the sensitivity of the sensor is max, the elevator is moving and still turns on the light - this means that the sensor "sees" the elevator. They reduced the sensitivity - everything worked as it should, but the representative from the company - the manufacturer of elevators of this brand protested, since according to the standard, it is not permissible to close the window in the elevator door. As a result, an infrared sensor was installed, a passive option, and the problem disappeared.
P.S. I want to add from the bitter experience of installing active sensors, they are buggy, and the timer is buggy, the solution to the problem is simple: you need to turn off the power several times in a row, and everything starts working.

Why is the energy-saving and LED lamps flashing
included after the motion sensor?

I received an e-mail from Anatoly from Primorsko-Akhtarsk.

Anatoly:
I am also a bit of an electrician, I installed the motion sensor myself. As long as the bulb was on everything was fine. I put a saving lamp - when it is turned off, it blinks, the LED lamp will also enter itself. How to get rid of this?

Answer:
Energy saving and LED bulbs, unlike incandescent lamps, inside they have an electronic circuit with rectifying diodes and an electrolytic capacitor installed after them. For a weak glow of these lamps, a current of only a few microamperes is required. Therefore, if the switch opens a non-phase wire, then due to leaks through the air, a charge may well accumulate in the electrolytic capacitor and, when it accumulates to a certain level, the lamp may flash. This phenomenon is also observed when using illuminated switches.

When connecting a lamp through a motion sensor, there are two possible reasons for flashing. If a mechanical relay is used as a switch in the sensor (a click is heard when triggered), then when connected, the neutral and phase wires are interchanged.

When used in a motion detector as a switch semiconductor device, such as a triac, in the off state it has a leakage current. In this case, if, while observing the correct connection of the phase and zero, it will be possible to eliminate flashing only if, instead of a light bulb, connect an electromagnetic relay and power it through its contacts, breaking the phase wire of an energy-saving or led light bulb. You can do without a relay if you connect a 5-10 watt resistor with a nominal value of 5-10 kOhm in parallel with the light bulb. But then it goes down economic efficiency use of energy-saving lamps.

How to adjust motion sensor model TDL-2012-AC

I received an e-mail from Vyacheslav with a request to help me deal with the controls of the TDL-2012-AC motion sensor, due to the fact that the product is not equipped with instructions for connecting and adjusting.

Vyacheslav:
Please tell me about the Chinese motion sensor model TDL-2012-AC. What parameters are controlled by the first two switches? The first, sort of like the level of illumination at which the sensor is triggered. And second?

Answer:
Pictograms, letters and numbers indicate the following:
- switch 1 adjusts the sensitivity to light, that is, the level of light in the room at which the sensor will start working;
- the second serves to select the sensitivity to movement;
- the remaining switches numbered 3-8 are designed to set the time for which the motion sensor will turn on the lighting, 5, 40 seconds. and 1, 4, 8 or 16 min.

A motion sensor for turning on the light is a device capable of detecting the movements of a person or other living objects and, accordingly, control the lighting.

With the help of special sensors (thermal, sound, etc.), it captures changes in space and turns on, off or adjusts the degree of lighting. The presence sensor for turning on the light, which reacts to heat, may not even “notice” a person walking by in winter if the latter is very warmly dressed. Nevertheless, it will easily fix any living creature in the warm season.

How it works?

The principle of operation, which has a motion sensor to turn on the light, is to use a sensor (pyroelectric device). It functions very precisely by increasing the voltage at the output, subject to an increase in the level of IR radiation compared to the general background. The light is turned on by an internal sensor relay.

Regardless of the type of device, the output signals that the presence sensor receives to turn on the light, depending on the need, go directly to the controller, which issues control signals to the control point:

• alarm;
• relay for turning on the light;
• ventilation system;
• room air conditioning system.

This helps the "smart home" be extremely useful for the owners.

For example, while you open the door, the house has already begun to ventilate the room, filling it with fresh air. Or, on the contrary, it starts airing or cooling when there is no one in the room.

Types of motion sensors

On the modern market you can find many devices that somehow determine the presence of someone in the house or on the street. General concept"motion sensor to turn on the light" can be divided into 4 types, according to the main sensor element:

• IR sensor to turn on the light (infrared).
• Ultrasonic sensor (ultrasonic).
• Microwave sensors (microwave).
• Combined.

In addition, there is a sound sensor to turn on the light and a cotton sensor.

Each of them is installed in a certain place and performs its functions most well with the correct, rational installation.

IR sensor

The infrared light sensor for turning on the light detects changes in the thermal radiation of living beings or other objects (such as a car) using several lenses that are indicators.

Advantages:

• Improved accuracy.
• Wide temperature range of use.
• Harmless to pets.

Disadvantages:

• excessive sensitivity to household appliances(batteries, air conditioners).
• Reaction to sunlight.
• Lack of fixation of objects covered with non-transmitting radiation materials.

Purpose of the infrared motion sensor

The main tasks of infrared sensors are:

• Saving electricity. The light will only turn on when it is actually needed.
• Presence effect. When the sensor is installed on the street in front of the gate on the site, in the entrance, on the windows of the lower floors, during its operation, there is a feeling that someone is at home. This, on the one hand, causes a feeling of comfort, and on the other hand, it scares off robbers and bandits.

Despite all its usefulness, it happens that this light sensor for turning on the light gets on people's nerves. Not everyone likes his ability to soothe and take care of the lights on.

You can often hear: “What is he clicking there?”, “Do I now have to move all the time so that the light is on?”, “And if I don’t want it to be on?”

The answer to all these questions is one, and it is quite simple: when installing the sensor, you only need to use a few additional switches that will ideally suit the requirements of the residents and create the possibility of comfortable operation of the system.

The very scheme for connecting the sensor to turn on the light will be described a little later in this article.

ultrasonic sensors

Measurement of the surrounding space using sound waves is the prerogative of ultrasonic sensors. They generate sound waves that bounce off objects whenever they move. The frequency of these reflections is continuously measured, and a kind of echo sounder is obtained. The signal is sent to the sensor receiver and gives a command to turn the lighting on or off.

Such sensors are most often used in the automotive industry to create parking sensors.

Advantages:

• Possibility of installation on large areas.
• Insensitivity to weather conditions.
• Resistant to dirt and dust.
• Comparability with different materials corps.
• The widest possible temperature range for operation.

Disadvantages:

• Sensitivity of pets to ultrasound.
• Prolonged use may cause headache.

Microwave sensors

The microwave darkness sensor for turning on the light works by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which, when they hit the object, are reflected, and the quality of these reflections is fixed by the sensor. Any changes in the signal will start the program set by the owner.

Advantages:

• The ability to detect objects behind obstacles.
• Resistance to aggressive environment.

Disadvantages:

• Not safe for the human body.

It can be installed only where the passability of people is minimal.

Combined sensors

Combined light sensors for turning on the light imply a symbiosis of several object detection technologies at once.

Advantages:

• Possibility of the most precise work.
• Full control of the area required for monitoring.
• Wide range of customization options.

Disadvantages:

• Installation can only be carried out by a specialist.
• If one of the systems fails, a complete reconfiguration will be required.

Cotton gauges

Many have seen such a device in films, but not everyone was lucky enough to experience it in person. How great it is: you went to bed, but you forgot to turn off the light. Warm bed does not want to let go. The solution is cotton, and the light is extinguished. Do you need to turn on the light urgently? Clap - and the room lights up again.

Remote control of light, no doubt, is very convenient. But do not confuse the cotton switch and the acoustic switch (it will be discussed below).

Such a device works differently than a light sensor to turn on the light.

With it, you can adjust not only the lighting, but also:

• ventilation;
• transformers;
• any electrical equipment.

Important! Be sure to comply with load power limits.

Action algorithm:

• The first clap - turn on the voltage.
• The second clap is a shutdown.

Very simple, agree.

The cotton sensor is a kind of noise sensor for turning on the light. This means that its installation is advisable only in those rooms where the stationary noise level is not too high. And especially not where the holiday is planned. The applause of the guests can arrange a real disco light music.

Ideal room:

• utility room;
• basement;
• pantry;
• bedroom;
• children's room.

Where not to install a cotton sensor:

• crowded premises;
• offices;
• production rooms;
• workshops, etc.

It is highly recommended to install such equipment in the children's room. This is not only convenient, but also provides additional security for your child. Ordinary switches are high enough, and children have to either climb up or ask their parents for help. The frequency of falls from a chair in such a situation is impressive, and injuries are very high. Cotton is a good alternative.

It is also useful for people with disabilities.

Acoustic sensors

The difference between this type of switch and the previous one is insignificant, but there is. Acoustic sensor responds absolutely to any sound exceeding a predetermined threshold in decibels. Its installation is advisable in the entrances in order to save electricity.

As soon as the door slams, footsteps are heard, the light turns on, and it turns off a few seconds after everything is quiet. An important difference: cotton reacts only to claps!

Motion sensor parameters

Of course, each automatic light switch sensor has its own parameters, but in general there are certain performance standards:

• Voltage - 220-240 V and 50 Hz.
• Delay timer (on time) - 2-8 seconds.
• Voltage supply time - set using the regulator.
• Sensitivity to light - 2-1000 Lux. Installed on the switch. The minimum number of modes is 2 on the simplest models. To be clear: 100 Lux means that the sensor will only work in the dark. At maximum settings, the sensor's capabilities are not limited by the degree of illumination.
• The viewing distance is up to 15 meters. When combined different types sensors, this parameter can be increased.
• The response speed is 0.5-1.5 milliseconds. If the object moves slowly, and its temperature (clothing) merges with the general thermal background, the sensors do not work. Moving too fast also causes detection problems.
• Maximum current - may be different, depending on the area in which the sensor will be used, from necessary minimum up to 1500 W. The load power is determined by the electromagnetic relay.
• Viewing angle - 360 degrees for ceiling sensors. For wall - from 100 (for corner) to 180 (for a straight wall). Height becomes decisive factor in visibility: the higher, the more.

IR sensor circuits

The volume sensor for turning on the light is not as difficult to install as it might seem at first glance. A basic knowledge of electromechanics is sufficient.

For example, we use the Chinese sensor LX-01 and connect it to ordinary lamp incandescent.

Wiring diagram for the light switch sensor (algorithm of actions):

• Choose the sensor model you like.
• Determine the location for the installation.
• Consider the layout of the room (windows, doors, people movement patterns, tall furniture).

Important! If there are no windows in the room, then this is an advantage, because the sensor does not have to be additionally adjusted to the degree of illumination - the room is always dark. If the room has doors on each wall, the sensor of the selected type will have to be fixed in the corner, since it has a viewing angle of 120 degrees.

• Study the network connection diagram, which is always attached to the instructions.
• Do not connect the sensor differently, do not confuse the wires, otherwise you will hear a pop when you turn it on, and the device will be permanently damaged.
• If necessary, add a control switch to the circuit so that you can adjust the lighting manually.
• Ring all wires before connecting the device to the network using a tester.
• Connect the wire coming from the switch to the lamp to the red contact of the sensor.
• The wire on the other side of the switch is to the brown contact.
• To the blue contact - a wire suitable for lighting device not on the side of the bulb.

Important! Be sure to follow all safety precautions when working with electricity:

• Put on thick rubber gloves.
• Turn off the electricity in the apartment.
• After completing the work, insulate the bare wires.

It remains only to hang the sensor on the wall and check its performance! To do this, leave the room and close the doors behind you.

Enter the room. The first time the motion sensor to turn on the light sometimes works with a delay. It's not a big deal, you'll be able to adjust the settings later using the controller.

If you installed a cotton or acoustic sensor - make the appropriate sound. Happy using!

As a rule, the term "motion sensor" in everyday life is defined as an electronic infrared device that allows you to detect the presence and movement of a person and helps to switch the power of lighting devices and other electrical devices.

If you want to make your home safer, buy motion sensors that will not only be a convenient assistant for you, but will also help you save energy by turning it on or off when you enter or leave the premises, respectively.

The motion sensor has a simple principle of operation - when movement appears in the zone of its sensitivity, all devices connected to it are turned on. All devices are turned off when the circuit is automatically opened, and this happens when there is no movement.
In this article, we will take a closer look at motion sensor for lighting brand ultralight ask 1403 with a viewing angle of 180 degrees.

Usually a motion sensor is used to turn on the lights, but these devices can be used for more than just this purpose. I want to note that there are sensors with a viewing angle of 360 degrees.

That is, the sensor is able to detect any movement from any side. Therefore, if you have a store, office or any object that needs an alarm, then in this case a burglar alarm can be used.

Motion sensor wiring diagram to the lamp

Motion sensor connection - simple process, which has many analogies with connecting a conventional switch. After all, like a switch, the motion sensor closes (or opens) electrical circuit with a luminaire connected in series, what is the similarity of the schemes for connecting the sensor and the luminaire by means of a switch.

When purchasing a sensor, you must also receive standard instruction for its installation, configuration and connection. Another option for studying the circuit is to look at it on the case of the device itself.

Under the back cover is a terminal block, as well as three colored wires connected to it, which exit from the inside of the case. The wires are connected to the terminal clamps. If you are using a stranded wire to connect, then it is better to use special insulated NShVI lugs.

Power to the sensor from the network comes via two wires: phase L (brown wire) and zero N ( blue wire). After the phase exits the sensor, it comes to one end of the incandescent lamp. The other end of the lamp is connected to the neutral wire N.

In the event of movement in the control zone, the sensor is triggered, and then the relay contact closes, which leads to the phase coming to the lamp and, accordingly, to turning on the lamp.

Since the terminal block for connection has screw terminals, we connect the wires to the sensor using NShVI lugs.

It should be noted that the connection of the phase wire is best done in accordance with circuit diagram, which completes the instruction.

After the wires are connected, we put on the cover and proceed to the next step - connecting the wires in the junction box.

Seven wires enter the box, three from the sensor, two from the lamp and two supply phases and zero. In the supply cable, the phase is brown, zero is blue.

We deal with the wires ... For the cable that is connected to the sensor, the white wire is the phase, green is zero, red must be connected to the load.

The wires are connected in approximately the following way: we connect the phase wire of the supply cable together with the phase wire from the sensor (brown and white wire). Then we connect together the neutral wire from the supply cable, the neutral wire from the sensor (the one that is green) and the neutral wire from the lamp.

There are two unused wires (red from the sensor and brown from the lamp) - we connect them together. All connection is ready, as you can see, nothing complicated ...

I'll show you closer how to connect a motion sensor in a box. I think it will not be difficult to deal with the connection (if not, then write in the comments and we will analyze it). Now you can apply power.

The motion sensor is connected to the lamp. After that, we supply power, the sensor reacts to movement and closes the circuit, turns on the lamp.

Is it possible to connect a sensor with a switch

It often happens that the motion sensor must be connected to the lamp along with the switch. It would seem that two devices that are designed for almost the same task - turn on the lighting.

Indeed, the switch turns off the lamp (lamp) and the motion sensor under certain circumstances (motion detection) performs the same task - it supplies power to the lamp. Why these two devices are connected together, many do not understand. So let's take a look and why do it?

If you want your lights to be on for a period of time, regardless of light levels and movements, try applying connection diagram of the sensor with a switch by connecting conventional switch with one key in the circuit, parallel to the sensor.

Thanks to this connection, when you turn on the switch, you can keep the lighting on for the desired period of time. At other times, lighting control should be completely transferred to the sensor, for which the switch should be turned off.

Connecting a motion sensor with a switch - how to do it and why?

A switch that is connected in parallel to the sensor can be added to the circuit to permanent job luminaire in the room, regardless of whether there is movement in the room or not. In this case, the switch can duplicate the operation of the motion sensor, as a result of which it will be possible to forcibly control the lighting.

I'll tell you my situation for which I need. I live in a private house and often come home late at night at night, especially in winter when it gets dark early.

For this I installed motion sensor for lighting directed to the entrance gate in the yard. That is, when I go into the yard in the evening, the sensor should work and turn on the lighting. Moreover, I set up the sensor so that the lighting worked for such a period of time sufficient to walk from the gate gate to the door of the house.

And now let's imagine that in the evening or at night I need to go out of the house into the courtyard to the street, well, for example, to a store or, say, I hear some kind of rustle in the courtyard, but there is no lighting (by the way, the sensor does not cover the entire courtyard). To do this, do I need to go out in the dark and wave my hands until the sensor works?

That's why I needed connect a motion sensor switch. And when I leave the house to the yard, I just turn on the switch and the lamp is on regardless of the sensor. It is absolutely not difficult to connect a motion sensor with a switch.

Now a circuit in which a switch with a motion sensor are connected together, but the lamp works from the switch (regardless of the sensor).

Setting the motion sensor for lighting

Setting the motion sensor- this is another important nuance of the work this device. Almost every sensor with which you can control the lighting has additional settings that allow you to achieve its correct operation.

Such settings have the form of special potentiometers designed for adjustment - this is the setting of the turn-off delay "TIME", the adjustment of the illumination threshold "LUX" and the regulator for setting the sensitivity to infrared radiation "SENS".

1. Time setting - "TIME"

With the "TIME" setting, you can set the amount of time the light will stay on from the last time motion was detected. The value setting can range from 1 to 600 seconds (depending on the model).

The “TIME” regulator can be used to set the time delay setting for the activated motion sensor. The limits within which the trip setpoint is located are from 5 seconds to 8 minutes (480 seconds). The speed of movement of a person in the area of ​​sensitivity of the sensor plays the most important role here.

When a person passes through this space relatively quickly (for example, a corridor or staircase at the entrance) it is desirable to reduce the “TIME” setting. And, conversely, when staying for a certain time in a given space (for example, in a pantry, parking, utility room) it is better to increase the "TIME" setting.

2. Adjustment of operation from the level of illumination - "LUX"

The “LUX” adjustment is used for the correct operation of the sensor during the daytime. The sensor will trigger when motion is detected at a lower ambient light level than the threshold value. Accordingly, the sensor operation is not fixed for more than high level illumination compared to the set threshold.

The picture that shows how to set up motion sensor. To set up for reverse side There are three regulators on the sensor: the response sensitivity regulator, the time regulator and the brightness regulator. Experiment and you'll be fine.

The "LUX" regulator sets the operation threshold according to the level of illumination environment(from dusk to solar lighting). Dividing the scale on which you can set the "LUX" setting, if your room has a large number of windows and the predominance natural light, should be minimum or average.

It is recommended to set the “LUX” setting to the largest division of the scale if there is natural light or with a small amount.

3. Setting the sensitivity to the sensor operation - "SENS"

You can adjust the sensitivity to triggering, depending on the volume and distance of the object, using the "SENS" knob. The reaction of the sensor to movements directly depends on the level of sensitivity. At very in large numbers If the sensor is triggered, it is desirable to reduce the sensitivity, and adjust the brightness of the IR illumination, to which the motion sensor should respond.

You should increase the sensitivity if the sensor does not respond to you. If the lighting turns on spontaneously, you can reduce the sensitivity. If the sensor was configured in winter time year, then it is likely that it will need to be reconfigured to summer period, and vice versa, with summer tuning, it will be necessary to reconfigure in winter.

And lastly, only by setting up the controlled zone as much as possible, you can get a guarantee that he will “see” you. To do this, adjust the optimal head tilt position of this sensor. Here, it will be sufficient to check the reaction of the sensor to movement at some point located in the distance.

Just do not think anything bad! I'm not so lazy that I'm too lazy to reach out to turn on the light. It's just that "these valiant builders", as always, got everything mixed up. They set the switch so inconveniently that it’s easier to wash your hands in the dark than to stomp to the end of the corridor, turn on the light, then stomp back and so on every time. The household swore, and I myself, to confess, was not happy with such a situation. And then suddenly I thought: I'll buy myself a motion sensor, I’ll put it in the bathroom, let it turn on the light when someone enters, and then turn it off myself.” With this saving thought, I went to the electrical goods store and returned from there with a magic box. I’m ready to tell you what happened from my idea.

Any self-respecting electrical store will offer you several sensor options to choose from. There are separate devices, there are combined with a spotlight or a simple lamp. There are those who "take" only a short distance, others "reach from fence to fence."

My case is just one of the options for using motion sensors. For example, you can install them in a summer cottage and connect with. One has only to go out into the yard and it immediately becomes light. Can you imagine what a surprise awaits someone who climbs over the fence in the hope of "whistling" something valuable from you. Let's say dig out your pride - .

If you supplement the system of motion sensors and spotlights with a pair of good Rottweilers released into the garden at night, then you will only have to watch through the window how the unlucky gentleman of fortune flies away from ferocious dogs, who still overtake him at the moment of climbing over the fence and perform the classic act of tearing his pants .

But seriously speaking, motion sensors can noticeably reduce energy costs you just have to start using them wisely. I'm not talking about the fact that they - irreplaceable assistants in design security systems and other interesting engineering solutions.

Motion sensor IEK DD010

It cannot be said that I went to the store specifically for this sensor. It was just enough for my purposes. AT large room I would have to put something more serious or even use several sensors connected in a certain way.

Motion sensor DD010 seemed to me suitable choice and I bought it.

Inside the neat box, the sensor itself was found, the instruction in Russian and a pair of screws with dowels for attaching the device.

The device itself is small, not heavy at all. The ball-shaped sensor housing can be rotated slightly to the left and right. But the angle of rotation is relatively small. Turning 180 degrees or pointing down will not work. This must be taken into account during installation.

The instruction offers a description of several sensors at once. Therefore, we must always remember that we have a device marked DD010 in our hands, and look precisely at its parameters.

From the features and specifications.

The motion sensor is powered directly from electrical network; no adapters required. The device can be mounted on a wall or ceiling, according to the situation.

Working temperature range- from -20 to +40 degrees. You can put it outside, use it in winter. Protection class IP44, in principle, allows you to leave it outdoors without special measures against precipitation and dust. However, I would make some sort of rain cap.

Radius of action devices - up to 10 meters. This means that it is quite suitable for a room, kitchen, bathroom, entrance, porch. But for a hangar, a workshop, a large garden - no more. You need to buy something more powerful or use a whole network of the same low-power sensors. Sometimes they really have to put a few pieces. For example, if the room is L- or U-shaped.

Max power connected devices - 1100 watts. That is, light bulbs, small chandeliers, loudspeakers, tape recorders, and other household appliances can be connected. For example, you can connect a siren.

But an electric kettle, iron, heating radiator and other more powerful Appliances require another sensor.

Setting the motion sensor

How long does it take for the motion sensor to turn off the light?

One of the questions that people who know about motion sensors only from science fiction films asks is: "How many minutes will the light turn off after I leave the room." And it's true. Let's say we went into the bathroom. The light turned on automatically. Then they left. The light does not go out immediately. And after what time will this happen?

Inexpensive motion sensors do not have the ability to set this parameter. They are pre-programmed to switch off after, for example, three minutes. Perhaps in some cases this is quite a normal interval. But, say, if you ran into the bathroom, just rinsed your hands in 15 seconds, and the light will burn for another three minutes after that, then the energy savings that I mentioned earlier seem very doubtful. Perhaps you’ll still think about whether it’s worth washing your hands again :).

At DD010 you can set the time interval after which the device turns off after the sensor is triggered, in the range from 10 seconds to 12 minutes. This is very convenient and really saves energy.

For example, set the duration to 10 seconds. Come on in, the light is on. As long as you are indoors and even slightly moving, the light will stay on. And it will turn off 10 seconds after you leave and close the door.

However, if you remain still, the light will also turn off. Therefore, for different rooms it makes sense to set different time intervals. In addition, it is worth remembering that electrical appliances, such as light bulbs, are at the greatest risk of burnout just at the on-off moments. Therefore, it is worth setting such a delay before turning off in order to exclude situations with constant "blinking" of the light in the room. As a rule, the time interval is determined empirically. In our particular case, it was about half a minute.

Why turn on the lights indoors during the day?

This is another question that somehow does not come to mind when buying a motion sensor. Only after you bring a new thing home and install it, for example, in your kitchen, will you suddenly encounter this unexpected problem.

Imagine: it's evening, it's already dark outside, you enter the kitchen and the light turns on by itself, as it should be. You leave the kitchen - after a while the light goes out. This is the normal option.

Now such an example: it's daylight outside, it's already light in the kitchen. You enter the room and suddenly the light comes on. What for? After all, even without a lamp it is light! If you are the owner of an inexpensive motion sensor, decide this problem there is only one way - go to the hallway and turn off the light with a regular switch. In the evening, when it gets dark, turn it on again and then you can enjoy the work of automation with might and main. True, some unpleasant aftertaste will still remain.

In normal devices, in addition to the motion sensor, another sensor is installed - the light sensor. You can set it in such a way that when the light is bright enough, the motion sensor does not work, but starts working only after dark.

Look at these settings on my device:

Installation TIME is the time before shutdown, which we have already discussed. And here LUX- just allows you to set the threshold of illumination, after which the sensor starts to work and turn on the light. By moving it with a screwdriver in position " Darker" or " Lighter", you can set the value at which the light only starts to turn on at dusk.

It is clear that in enclosed spaces this is not true. But if there are windows in the room... And in general, the motion sensor can turn on not only light bulbs, but also other devices, for example, heaters.

If you want, for example, a heating radiator to turn on in your greenhouse at night, set the LUX parameter and sleep peacefully. Just first check if such a powerful device as a radiator can be connected through your particular sensor. Perhaps under this specific task you will have to buy another device designed for more power.

Wiring diagram and installation of the motion sensor

If you yourself are not very strong in electrical matters and are even afraid to pick up a battery so that it does not “pull current”, then the installation of the motion sensor should be entrusted to some familiar specialist. He will cope with this task easily and quickly.

If you want to try your luck yourself, then you need to proceed as follows:

Step-by-step instructions for installing a motion sensor

Step 1. De-energize the line on which the installation will take place. To do this, simply turn off the light with a switch. For greater certainty, you can turn out the plugs or even go and turn off the power to the whole house (just kidding).

The two wires coming from the light bulb must be connected to the red and blue wires of the sensor using the block provided in the kit:

Step 3. We join electric wires that stick out from the ceiling.

It is important that the connection goes exactly according to the scheme. It is available in the instructions and even applied to the motion sensor itself:

The letter "N" denotes the "zero" of the electrical network, while the "phase" is denoted by the letter "L". Wires protruding from the ceiling should be properly connected. In order to distinguish "phase" from "zero" you can use a conventional electrical voltage detector. It is not that expensive and is sold in any self-respecting electrical store. In general, the thing in the economy is very useful. I recommend to buy. It costs a penny (around 50 rubles), but it can easily save life when fussing with electricity.

In my particular case, the blue wire turned out to be "zero". That's what I connected to the middle terminal. One of the wires from the light bulb was attached to it. To the extreme terminals were connected brown wires. One from the light bulb, the other - the one that stuck out of the ceiling.

The confusion with the colors of the wires in my photographs is due to the fact that the first pictures I took with regular wires that were left by the builders. However, they turned out to be very thick and not flexible enough. Try as I might, I couldn't complete the installation. Therefore, at some point, the standard wires were replaced by more flexible ones - green ones.

So that you have a clear understanding of how to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb and wires from the ceiling, I give below wiring diagram connections:

Hope everything is in place now.

Step 5. Mounting the sensor in a regular place

The place for the sensor must be chosen so as to exclude false positives. For example, if a door is always open in a room and someone passes by it without going inside, an incorrectly located sensor will react and turn on the light.

Therefore, before attaching the device to a wall or ceiling, it is worth testing the entire system in action so that you do not have to drill new holes and cover up old holes later.

In my case ready system looked like this:

I know the position of the sensor looks a bit controversial. It looks like it's being covered by a canopy. However, the latter does not interfere with the operation of the system, since it is "empty" inside.

Result - the problem with the incorrectly installed switch is solved. A motion sensor costing 380 rubles allowed us to save a lot of time, nerves and, possibly, electricity.

Why "perhaps"? Probably because at home we do not often forget to turn off the light in the bathroom. But just imagine how useful this system will be in a public toilet!

Conclusion

Motion sensors- very useful devices in industrial systems. With their help, they mount alarm systems, save electricity and do a lot of other interesting and useful things. Alas, in everyday life these devices are still used rather as exotic. Usually people have a lot of other things and desires that require money investments.

However, I believe that over time, an ordinary weighted average person will appreciate the benefits of a motion sensor. This is one of the elements of building the so-called "Smart Home" system, which saves the owner from unnecessary movements and allows you to monitor your home from anywhere in the world.

Turning on the light in the bathroom is just one example of using a motion sensor. However, it’s worth turning on your imagination and you yourself, without anyone’s prompts, will easily find a few more examples where the device could take on some routine functions in your apartment, house or office. I wish there were such sensors that turn on fantasy :)

We make lighting in the apartment by motion sensor

• Smart House

Surely everyone has heard about the technology " smart House". One of the most popular applications of this technology in automatic lighting- for example, turning on and off the light when people enter or leave the room. In this article I would like to show that there is nothing supernatural in this, and anyone can realize this opportunity. So, let's try to connect to ordinary light bulb Ilyich in the corridor is a motion sensor, and we will make the lighting work depending on the presence of people in the room.

The LX-01 sensor, produced in China, was chosen as a motion sensor. The principle of its operation is quite simple - when motion is detected in a given area, the sensor closes the circuit, due to which the electrical appliances connected to the sensor turn on. As soon as movement in the monitored area stops, the sensor opens the circuit, turning off the connected devices. The sensor can be adjusted using 3 regulators that are located on its body. The first regulator is responsible for the sensitivity of the sensor. At maximum sensitivity, the sensor will be triggered at the slightest movement, at minimum - only with a very noticeable movement. The second knob sets the time during which the sensor "holds" the circuit after the last motion detection. That is, as soon as the movement in the room has stopped, the sensor will not immediately turn off the light, but will wait for the set time. The last regulator is responsible for the level of illumination at which the sensor will work. After all, it makes no sense to turn on the light by a motion sensor if the room is already light.

The described motion sensor is not the only one of its kind. Now there are many motion sensors, various as appearance, as well as the functions performed. When choosing a motion sensor, you need to clearly understand where and why it is planned to be installed. For example, I bought the specified motion sensor specifically for installation in the corridor, where all people only pass from one room to another, without lingering for a long time. But for example, such a motion sensor would not fit into the bathroom. Why? Yes, because it only reacts to movement. Therefore, if you lie in a bath with a bunch of foam, listening to music, then you will do this in the dark - after all, there is no movement. So, choose your room carefully.

After choosing the model of the motion sensor and the room for installation, you also need to choose a good location for the sensor. The sensor must respond to all movements in the room, and at the same time it must not work falsely. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the layout of the premises - doors, windows, ways of movement of people, large furniture- all this affects the choice of location for installation. My corridor has the following layout:

The plan shows that there are 4 doors in the corridor and not a single window. By the way, the absence of windows is more of a plus than a minus - after all, the motion sensor does not have to be adjusted to different levels of illumination in the room, since we know that the room is always dark. The presence of doors on each side of the corridor makes it difficult to choose an installation site. If you have a free wall, then the sensor must be mounted in one of its corners. Why does it have to be in the corner of the room? Because this sensor has a view of 120 degrees. If you put it in the middle of the wall, then its corners will fall into the dead zone, which is not good. Given all these parameters, we obtain the following sensor layout:

The scheme of connecting the sensor to the mains is presented in the instructions for the sensor. It looks like this:

My experiments showed that it is impossible to connect the wires differently than in the diagram - the sensor with a characteristic pop fails :)

When installing the sensor, it was decided to slightly complicate the circuit by adding a control switch to it, which, in the open state, would not interfere with the motion sensor, and in the closed state, turn on the lighting regardless of the sensor. You can think of several examples when lighting in a room is needed even when there is no one in it, but this is not the point. Therefore, it was decided to connect a conventional light switch to the motion sensor. In this case, the scheme will take the following form:

Now you need to ring all the wires and connect the motion sensor to the mains. We take a tester and call each contact. We connect the wire passing from the switch to the lamp to the red contact of the sensor. We connect the brown contact of the sensor to the wire located on the other side of the switch. Now we take the wire that is suitable for the lighting fixture not from the side of the lamp and connect it to the blue wire of the sensor.

Important! Observe all safety precautions when working with electrical wiring. Turn off the power supply to the apartment, arm yourself with rubber gloves. At the end of the work, carefully inspect the wires, insulate all bare areas.

When you finish connecting the sensor, all that remains is to attach it to the wall in the chosen place. You need to fix the sensor almost immediately under the ceiling so that the view is better. Then you need to check the operation of the sensor - enter the room, the light should turn on. Then leave the room, evaluate the interval before the sensor turns off. If the sensor did not work, then you may have made a mistake in the installation. If it does not always work, try changing its settings - for example, set the sensitivity to maximum. I recommend setting the time before shutdown to about 6-10 seconds.