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Rafter system 4 pitched roof. Hip roof rafter system

A hip roof, provided it is constructed correctly, is distinguished not only by its presentable appearance, but also by increased strength, which allows it to effectively withstand precipitation and strong winds. In this article we will talk about the structure of the rafter system of a hipped roof, consider the types of such frames, and also describe detailed plan works on their construction.

Comparative characteristics of frame types: tent and hip

The category of roof with four slopes includes 2 types of frame systems, which schematically look like square (hipped structure) and rectangular (hip roof) envelopes. In our country, the envelope roof is quite popular. The main feature of hipped roofs is the absence of gables. To construct the rafter system of a hipped roof, in both cases hanging and layered rafters are used. Their assembly methods are standard for roofs with any number of slopes.

Distinctive features of the four pitched roofs different designs:

In the case of a hip frame, the roof consists of four isosceles triangles whose vertices touch at one point. In this case, the functions of the ridge are assigned to the central support beam in layered structures, or to the top point of the hanging rafter truss.
A hip-type roof assumes the presence of two triangular and two trapezoid-shaped slopes. In this case, the trapezoidal slopes are adjacent to the ridge beam with their upper ribs, and the triangular slopes with their vertices. In this case, all four slopes touch each other with lateral ribs.

Studying the plan of the rafter system of a hipped roof, we can conclude that the choice of the configuration of a hipped roof depends on the shape of the building. That is, square houses are covered with hipped structures, and rectangular houses are covered with hip roofs. In this case, you can use any roofing materials, both hard and soft.

When drawing up drawings of the rafter system of a hipped roof, you should clearly indicate the geometric shape, as well as indicate the position individual elements and projections of slopes with exact dimensions.

As a rule, hip and hip-type rafter systems are combined with traditional ones - single-pitched, gable and sloping roofs within one object.

To support a hipped structure, you can use a mauerlat, which is the top frame on concrete or brick walls, as well as the top crown of a log frame. Layered technology is used in cases where it is possible to install upper and lower supports under each rafter leg.

The Mauerlat must be reinforced to withstand thrusting forces in the event of rigid fixation of the rafter legs with wooden plates or metal corners.
If the upper part of the leg is fixed rigidly, and the lower part is hinged, the Mauerlat can be fixed in the usual way. In this case, when the load on the frame increases, the rafters will be able to move slightly.
The bursting load and pressure on the Mauerlat will be leveled by using rigid fastenings on the lower part of the rafters and hinged fastenings on the upper heels.

Please note that the method of laying the Mauerlat and the entire rafter system should be provided for at the building design stage. In the absence of internal load-bearing walls and the impossibility of placing supporting elements for the central part of the roof, hanging rafter technology is used. However, most often they install an inclined type of stable frame, having provided for the presence of load-bearing structures in advance.

When constructing hip and hip frames, the following specific components of the rafter system of a hipped roof are used:

Diagonal legs from which the ridges of the slopes are made. In hip-type frames, such slanting legs combine the corners of the roof with its highest point. Hip frames involve joining the ridge beam consoles to the corners using diagonal rafters.
Cornices (half-legs) are elements mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the cornices. Since they connect to diagonal rafters and are parallel to each other, their length will vary. Roof slopes are created from such elements.

The same structural elements are used to create valleys, with the only difference being that the corners are made concave.

It is the installation of slanted rafters that poses the greatest difficulty. Moreover, these elements will bear an increased load, since they serve as a supporting element for fastening in the upper part of the ridges, that is, they act as a ridge. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to calculate the rafter system of a hipped roof.

In general, the process of erecting a roof with four slopes includes the following steps:

Laying mauerlat on walls made of brick or concrete. In log houses, this element is the upper crown.
Installation of a central support beam under a tent frame or assembly of support structures for hip roof.
Installation of layered rafter legs under one or another structure.
Attaching diagonal rafters that align the corners of the roof with the central peak or ends of the ridge.
Marking and installation of spigots.

If it is expected hanging type rafter system, then the first stage of creating a tent structure will be the placement of a central truss in the shape of a triangle. When creating a hip-type structure, several trusses are attached at the starting stage.

Construction of a hip roof

Since private construction mainly uses hip roofs with layered rafters, let us consider in more detail the process of installing a hipped rafter system of this design. The support for the structures will be the floors placed on the Mauerlat.

Fixation using the cutting method will be performed only at the junction of the ridge with the rafters, so the Mauerlat can be installed on conventional mounts. In the building under consideration, the box of the house has dimensions of 8.4 × 10.8 m. The roof on the plan will exceed the dimensions of the house by 40-50 cm on each side - this is the width of the eaves overhang.

Plan for laying supports on the Mauerlat

Depending on the material used to construct the walls of the building, the mauerlat can be laid in various ways.

In the upper part of the walls made of gas silicate or foam concrete blocks, you need to pour a reinforced concrete belt in which to place anchors for subsequent fixation of the Mauerlat.
When constructing brick walls, a side of 1-2 bricks is made in their upper part so that a recess is formed in the center of the wall for a wooden frame. As the bricks are laid, wooden plugs are placed between the bricks, to which the Mauerlat will be fixed with brackets.

For the Mauerlat you will need a beam with a cross section of 100×150 or 150×150 mm. When planning the use of space under the roof, thicker beams should be used. The frame elements are joined with oblique notches, followed by reinforcement with nails, screws or screws, and in the corners with staples.

Next, you need to place the ceiling elements on the Mauerlat. They are made from bars with a cross section of 100×200 mm. The central beam is laid first. If the length of the lumber is not enough, it is made from two pieces of timber. Moreover, the connection point should be on a supporting element, for example, a load-bearing wall.

In this case, the beams are laid in 60 cm increments. As a rule, the box has non-ideal dimensions, so the spacing between the beams can be slightly adjusted to smooth out imperfections. The distance from the walls of the house to the outer beams located on both sides should be 90 cm. This is required for the installation of outriggers.

Extensions are attached to the end parts of the floor beams. For convenience, they are first placed only in those places where the rafters will be installed later. They are fastened to the surface of the outrigger mauerlat with nails, and to the beams with dowels, large-section nails, and self-tapping screws, after which the fastening is reinforced with corners.

Assembling the ridge section of a hipped roof

The central section of the hip roof is nothing more than a traditional gable structure. Consequently, its assembly is carried out using technology for pitched roofs. Although such a design usually involves the presence of a beam on which supports for the ridge are placed, in this example the functions of such an element are assigned to the central floor beam.

The ridge section of the roof is done as follows:

First, a supporting structure is assembled for the rafters, which will rest against the ridge beam with their upper heels. The ridge itself will be supported by three support pillars, of which the middle one is mounted directly on the central beam of the floor. To correctly install the two outer pillars, transverse bars are placed under them on top of the ceiling, spanning at least 5 beams in length. The struts provide additional stability to the structure. The supporting elements of the frame are made of timber with a cross-section of 100×150 mm, and the struts are made of boards 50×150 mm.
To ensure that all rafters are the same, a template is made for cutting them. To do this, a board of the required length is tried on at the installation site, the cuts are marked, and then all the rafters are cut along it.
The finished rafters are supported on the ridge beam by the cutting point, and the lower part is secured to the outrigger.

Typically, floor beams are placed perpendicular to the frame so that the support of the rafter legs in the central part of the roof rests on them. Since in the example under consideration the rafters are connected to the extension, the installation of additional supports is necessary. They are placed in such a way as to redistribute the load from the rafters and supports to the walls.

In the end, you need to install three rows of stems on each side. After this, a cornice is attached strictly horizontally to the floor beams and extensions, making it easier further work with a roof.

Fastening the corner extensions of the rafter system

It is necessary to install corner extensions in the corners behind the cornice board.

They are attached like this:

From the corner to the place of the conventional intersection of the floor beam with the outer support of the frame, a string is pulled.
A block is placed along its contour in the right place. On the block you need to mark the places where it intersects the floor beam and the corner joint of the cornice. According to the markings, all excess is cut off.
Using corners, the finished element is attached to the ceiling and mauerlat.

The same actions are performed with all remaining offsets.

Installation of slanted rafters - drawings

The diameter of the diagonal rafters coincides with the dimensions of the ordinary elements. Since in our example the slope of the trapezoidal slopes and hips is different, one of the sloped legs is placed slightly higher than the other.

The process of creating and installing slopes is as follows:

Using laces, we outline additional lines for marking the cut, pulling it to the corners and the center of the slope from the top point of the ridge beam.
Determine the angle between the top of the corner stem and the lace. This will be the angle for the bottom cut (α). The upper cut (β) is calculated using the formula: β=90º-α.
We take a piece of board and cut one edge of it at an angle β. Having attached the workpiece to the place where the upper parts are joined, we combine its edge with the lace. We mark the excess and saw off.
In another blank for the lower heel, we saw off a section at an angle α.
Using the templates obtained, the first diagonal rafter is cut out. If there is no whole board of the required length, the element is assembled from two pieces. They are spliced using an inch board, 1 m long, placing it on the outside of the rafters. The finished element can be installed.
The second half of the diagonal rafters is made in the same way, not forgetting that it should be placed slightly lower than the first. The junction of the two halves of the slope should not coincide with the section where the boards are joined into one piece.
The boards are joined with nails at a distance of 40-50 cm.
Next, you need to draw a saw line along the lace on the rafter so that it can be joined to the adjacent diagonal element.

The manufacture of the remaining 3 parts is carried out in the same way. Supports are installed under each of these rafters in the places where the beams meet the corner extensions. Additional supports near the ridge are required if the span exceeds 7.5 m.

Assembly and installation of hip rafter legs

Using a stretched cord from the ridge to the center of the slope, we measure the lower angle γ and calculate the opposite angle δ=90º-γ. Just as with diagonal parts, templates are made for cuts on the upper and lower heels of the element so that it fits tightly between the diagonal rafters. Having made the central hip rafter, it must be installed in the appropriate place.

Structural rigidity and reliable fastening of the shortest extensions are ensured by installing short extensions between the cornice and corner extensions.

At the next stage, they make templates for the makers:

A piece of board is sawn off at an angle δ and tried on at the junction with the diagonal leg.
Excess areas are identified and then sawed off. This template will be needed to create all the flaps that will be installed on one side of the hip. For the other half, the cut on the blanks will need to be done on the opposite side.
The lower heel of the splices is cut according to a template sawed off at an angle γ. This blank is suitable for creating lower joints on all spigots.

The production of spigots is carried out taking into account the estimated length of the elements and according to the manufactured templates. They will fill the planes of the hips and main slopes. The installation of these parts is carried out so that the junction points of the slopes with the spouts on opposite sides do not converge in one place, that is, apart. The fastening elements for connecting the frames with the diagonal rafters are angles, and with the outriggers and floor beams - jagged plates or angles - whichever is more convenient.

The construction of a roof with a hip frame is carried out using the same technologies as with a hip frame. The only difference is the absence of a ridge in hip roofs. In this case, the installation of the hip roof rafter system begins with joining the diagonal rafters, and then the splices. If hanging rafters are used, the central truss is installed first.

Thus, a detailed study of the features of the construction of hipped roofs will allow you to begin creating frame structure with knowledge of affairs.

Construction of a frame for a roof with four slopes is a complex process with characteristic technological features. During construction, our own structural components are used, the sequence of work is different. But the result will amaze with its spectacular shape and durability when repelling atmospheric attacks. And the home master will be able to be proud of his personal achievements in the field of roofing. However, before deciding to install such a design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the algorithm according to which the rafter system of a hipped roof is constructed and with the specifics of its design.

The class of hipped roofs combines two types of structures that resemble a square and rectangular envelope in plan. The first variety is called tent, the second - hip. Compared to their pitched counterparts, they are distinguished by the absence of pediments, called gables in the roofing industry. In the construction of both variants of hipped structures, layered and hanging rafters are used, the installation of which is carried out in accordance with standard technologies for the construction of pitched rafter systems.

Characteristic differences within the four-slope class:

In a hip roof, all four slopes have the shape of isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one highest point. There is no ridge as such in a tent structure; its function is performed by the central support in layered systems or the top of a hanging truss.
For a hip roof, a pair of main slopes has a trapezoidal configuration, and the second pair has a triangular configuration. The hip structure differs from its tent-type counterpart in the obligatory presence of a ridge, to which the trapezoids are adjacent at the upper bases. Triangular slopes, also known as hips, are adjacent to the ridge at the top, and their sides are connected to the inclined sides of the trapezoids.

Based on the configuration of the roofs in plan, it is clear that hipped structures are usually erected over square buildings, and hip structures over rectangular houses. Both soft and hard roofing materials are suitable for covering. The characteristic square or rectangular shape is repeated in the drawings of the rafter system of a hipped roof with a clearly marked arrangement of elements in the plan and vertical projections of the slopes.

Often, hip and hip systems are used together in the construction of one building or effectively complement gable, lean-to, sloping and other roofs.

Structures with four slopes can rest directly on the upper crown wooden house or on a mauerlat, which serves as the top frame of brick or concrete walls. If upper and lower supports can be found for each rafter, the roof frame is constructed using layered technology.

Installation of layered rafter legs is simpler and more accessible for an inexperienced home roofer, who needs to take into account that:

When rigidly fastening the upper and lower heels of the rafters with metal corners or using a supporting wooden plate, reinforced fastening of the Mauerlat will be required, because the thrust will be transferred to it.
If the upper heel is rigidly fixed and the bottom of the rafter is hinged, there is no need to strengthen the fastening of the Mauerlate, because if the load on the roof is exceeded, a hinged fastening, for example on sliders, will allow the rafter to move slightly without creating pressure on the mauerlat.
When the top of the rafters is hinged and the bottom is rigidly fixed, expansion and pressure on the Mauerlat are also eliminated.

Issues of fastening the Mauerlat and the closely related method of installing rafter legs according to the rules are resolved at the stage of designing a house. If the building does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to build reliable supports for the central part of the roof, nothing will work other than a hanging rafter system assembly scheme. True, in most cases the layered construction method is used, for the implementation of which it is necessary to provide in advance a load-bearing support inside the structure.

In the construction of rafter systems for hipped and hipped roofs, specific structural elements are used, these are:

Diagonal rafter legs forming the spinal connections of the slopes. In hip structures, diagonals, also known as slanted rafters, connect the ridge girder consoles to the corners of the roof. In tent systems, sloping legs connect the top to the corners.
Spreaders, or rafter half-legs, installed perpendicular to the eaves. They rest on diagonal rafters and are located parallel to each other, therefore they differ in different lengths. Narozhniki form the planes of tent and hip slopes.

Diagonal rafters and flanges are also used for the construction of valleys, only then concave corners of the roof are arranged, and not convex ones like hip ones.

The whole difficulty of constructing frames for roofs with four slopes lies in the installation of diagonal rafters, which determine the result of the formation of the structure. In addition, the slopes must withstand a load one and a half times greater than ordinary rafters of pitched roofs. Because they also work as a hobbyhorse, i.e. support for the upper heel of the runners.

If we briefly describe the procedure for constructing a layered frame for a hipped roof, then it can be done in several stages:

Construction of a mauerlat on brick or concrete walls. The process of installing a mauerlat on walls made of logs or timber can be eliminated, because it can be successfully replaced by the upper crown.
Installation of the central support for the hip structure or the supporting frame of the main part of the hip roof.
Installation of conventional layered rafters: a pair for a hip roof and a row determined by the design solution for a hip structure.
Installation of diagonal rafter legs connecting the corners of the systems with the top of the support or the extreme points of the ridge.
Manufacturing to size and fastening of spigots.

In the case of using a hanging frame scheme, the start of the construction of the tent frame will be the installation of a triangular truss in the center. The installation of a four-slope hip rafter system will begin with the installation of a number of roof trusses.

Construction of a hip rafter system

Let's look at one of the common examples of a hip roof with layered rafter legs. They will have to rely on floor beams laid on top of the mauerlat. Rigid fastening with a notch will be used only to fix the top of the rafter legs on the ridge girder, so there is no need to strengthen the Mauerlat fasteners. The dimensions of the box of the house shown in the example are 8.4 × 10.8 m. The actual dimensions of the roof in plan will increase on each side by the amount of the eaves overhang, by 40-50 cm.

Installation of the base according to the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is a purely individual element; the method of its installation depends on the material of the walls and the architectural features of the building. The method of laying the Mauerlat is planned according to the rules during the design period, because for reliable fixation of the Mauerlat it is recommended:

Lightweight foam concrete, gas silicate and similar walls should be equipped with a reinforced reinforced concrete belt, poured around the perimeter, with anchors installed during the pouring period to secure the Mauerlat.
Edge the brick walls with a side of one or two bricks along the outer edge so that a ledge is formed along the inner edge for laying a wooden frame. During laying, wooden plugs are placed between the bricks to secure the Mauerlat with staples to the wall.

The mauerlat is made from timber measuring 150×150 or 100×150mm. If you intend to use the under-roof space, it is advisable to take thicker beams. The timber is connected into a single frame with oblique cuts. Then the connection areas are reinforced with self-tapping screws, ordinary nails or wood grouse, and the corners are reinforced with staples.

Floor beams are laid on top of the horizontally leveled mauerlat, constructed in the optimal way for a particular building. A beam with a cross section of 100×200mm is used. The first step is to lay a beam running exactly along the central axis of the building. In the example, the length of the timber is not enough to construct solid beams, so they are assembled from two beams. The connection point should be located above reliable support. In the example, the support is an internal load-bearing wall.

The pitch between the floor beams is 60 cm. If the box being equipped does not have ideal parameters, as is the case in most situations, the distance between the beams can be changed slightly. Such an adjustment allows you to slightly “smooth out” the flaws in construction. Between the outer beams on both sides and the walls of the house there should be a gap of 90 cm wide, necessary for installing the outriggers.

Because the floor beams can independently form only two eaves overhangs; short half-beams of the floor - extensions - are attached to their ends. They are first installed only in the area of the main part of the hip roof, exactly where the rafter legs are to be installed. The extension is nailed to the mauerlat, fastened to the beam with screws, large-caliber nails, dowels, and the fasteners are reinforced with corners.

Construction of the ridge part

The central part of the hip roof is an ordinary gable structure. The rafter system for it is arranged according to the rules dictated by the technology for constructing pitched roofs. In the example there are some deviations from the classical interpretation of the pitched principle: the bed on which supports for the ridge run are traditionally installed is not used. The work of the beam will have to be done by the central floor beam.

In order to build the ridge part of the hip roof rafter system you need to:

Build a support frame for the rafter legs, the top of which will rest on the ridge girder. The purlin will rest on three supports, the central one of which is installed directly on the central floor beam. To install the two outer supports, first two cross beams are laid, covering at least five floor beams. Stability is increased with the help of two struts. For the manufacture of horizontal and vertical parts of the supporting frame, a block with a cross-section of 100x150mm was used, the struts were made of boards 50x150mm.
Make rafter legs, for which you first need to make a template. A board of suitable size is applied to the installation site, and lines for future cuts are drawn on it. This will be the template for the continuous production of rafters.
Install the rafter legs, resting them with the notch on the ridge girder, and with the lower heel on the stem located opposite.

If the floor beams were laid across the frame, then the rafters of the main part of the roof would rest on the floor beams, which is much more reliable. However, in the example they rest on the stem, so it is necessary to arrange additional mini-supports for them. These supports should be positioned so that the load from them and the rafters located above is transferred to the walls.

Then three rows of outriggers are installed on each of the four sides. For the convenience of further actions, the roof contour is formed with a cornice board. It must be nailed to the floor beams and extensions strictly horizontally.

Installation of corner extensions

In the space limited by the eaves board, there were corner areas left unfilled with parts of the rafter system. Here you will need corner offsets, for installation of which is carried out as follows:

To indicate the direction of installation, pull the string. We stretch from the point of conditional intersection of the outer support of the frame with the floor beam to the corner.
On top of the lace we place the block in its place. Holding the block, we outline the cut lines from below where the block intersects the floor beam and corner connection cornice boards.
We attach the finished stem with sawn off excess to the mauerlat and to the floor beam with corners.

The remaining three corner extensions are manufactured and installed in the same way.

Installation of diagonal rafters

Diagonal, or also slanted, rafter legs are made from two boards sewn together with a cross-section equal to the size of ordinary rafters. In the example, one of the boards will be located slightly higher than the second due to the difference in the angles of inclination of the hips and trapezoidal slopes.

Sequence of work for the manufacture and installation of slopes:

From the highest point of the skate, we stretch the lace to the corners and to the central point of the slope. These are auxiliary lines along which we will mark upcoming cuts.
Using a carpenter's goniometer, we measure the angle between the lace and the upper side of the corner stem. This is how the angle of the bottom cut is determined. Let's assume it is equal to α. The angle of the upper cut is calculated using the formula β = 90º - α.
At an angle β we cut off one edge of a random piece of board. We apply it to the place of the upper fastening, aligning the edge of this workpiece with the lace. We outline the excesses that interfere with a tight installation. You need to cut again along the marked lines.
At an angle α we saw off the lower heel on another piece of board.
We make the first half of the diagonal rafter using templates for the upper and lower support. If a solid board is not long enough, you can join two pieces together. They can be spliced using a meter-long piece of inch mounted on self-tapping screws; it should be placed on the outside of the bevel leg being constructed. We install the finished first part.
We make the second part of the sloped rafter in the same way, but keep in mind that it should be slightly lower than its first half. The area where the boards are joined into one element should not coincide with the area where the boards are joined in the first half of the slope.
We sew two boards with nails at intervals of 40-50 cm.
Along the cord stretched to the center of the slope, we draw a line along which it will be necessary to adjust the cut to connect it with the adjacent rafter.

Following the described algorithm, you need to install three more diagonal legs. Supports should be installed under each of them at the point where the corner extensions are connected to the beams. If the span is more than 7.5 m, another support is installed diagonally closer to the ridge.

Manufacturing and installation of hip rafters

The lace between the top of the skate and the center of the slope is already stretched. It served as an axis for outlining cuts, and now you need to measure the angle γ using it and calculate the angle δ = 90º - γ. Without deviating from the proven path, we prepare templates for the upper and lower supports. We apply the top trim to the place intended for it and mark the cut lines on it for a tight fit between the diagonal rafters. Using the blanks, we make the central leg of the hip and fix it where it should be.

We install short extensions in the space between the corner extensions and the cornice board to add rigidity to the structure and to ensure strong fixation of the outermost, shortest extensions. Next, you should start making templates for the makers themselves:

We cut the piece of board at an angle δ and attach it to the place of attachment to the diagonal rafter.
We outline the excess that needs to be cut down again. The resulting template is used in the manufacture of all flaps, for example the right side of the hip. For the left part, the upper template will be filed from the opposite side.
As a template for the lower heel of the splices, we use a piece of board sawn off at an angle γ. If all previous steps were performed correctly, then this template is used to make the lower attachment points for all other springs.

In accordance with the actual length and “indications” of the templates, the splices are made, which are necessary for forming the planes of the hips and the parts of the main slopes that are not filled with ordinary rafter legs. They are installed so that the upper fastening points of the spigots to the diagonal rafters are spaced apart, i.e. top connecting nodes adjacent slopes should not converge in one place. The splices are attached to the slanted rafter leg with corners, to the floor beams and outriggers in the way that is more reasonable and convenient: with corners or metal toothed plates.

The technology for installing a hip roof is based on the already familiar hip principles. True, there is no ridge part of the rafter system in their design. The construction begins with the installation of a central support, to which the rafters are attached, and then the frames. If hanging technology is used in the construction of an envelope roof, then the finished truss is installed first.

We invite you to use our free online calculator to calculate building materials when installing a hip roof - go here and follow the instructions.

Useful video instructions

The video will briefly introduce the sequence and rules for installing the rafter system of a hipped roof of the hip and hip categories:

Having become familiar with the specifics of the device and having mastered the intricacies of installing roofs with four slopes, you can safely begin to implement plans for its construction.

The rafter system is a combination of all the supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing cake rests. The ability of the roof to withstand wind and snow loads and to protect interior spaces from water and cold. In order not to resort to expensive services of companies performing roofing professionally, we will tell you what the rafter system of a hipped roof consists of, what materials are required for its manufacture and how to assemble it.

Types of hipped roofs

The name “hippable” combines several types of roofs, consisting of four planes, slopes:

Despite the external differences, the rafter systems of a hipped roof are made up of the same elements, guided by the same rules.

Types of rafter systems

The hip roof truss system takes different kind, depending on the initial conditions: the area of the house to be covered and the internal layout. There are three types:

What type of rafter system is suitable for a particular house is determined during the design period, making calculations and drawing up drawings.

Calculation of the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge

The design of the rafter system for a hipped roof begins with calculations that determine the geometry of the future structure:

The process of designing a rafter system for a hipped roof can be facilitated by special computer calculator programs that only require entering the initial data: the size of the house, the number of slopes.

Load calculation

The next stage of design is determining the composition of the elements of the rafter system and their cross-section. To do this, calculate the loads to which the hipped structure is subjected. They are divided into three types:

By summing up the values of all loads, the total load is determined, which, depending on the roofing material used, can reach 180-250 kg per square meter. Based on this figure, the number of elements of the rafter system and their cross-section are determined by checking the reference table. It is more convenient to calculate more complex systems in special programs, the result of which is ready-made diagram hip roof truss system.

Essential elements

The rafter system of a hipped roof consists of many components, mandatory and auxiliary:

Mauerlat. A beam with a cross section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, which evenly distributes the load along the perimeter of the load-bearing walls. The difference between a hipped roof is that its installation requires four Mauerlats, and not two, as for a gable roof.
Sill. A beam that serves as a support for racks, which is used in a layered rafter system. It, like the Mauerlat, distributes the weight of the roof, but is located on the internal load-bearing wall.
Rafter legs. Elements made of boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm, which carry the roofing cake and set the geometry of the slopes. In the construction of hipped roofs, ordinary, layered and outer rafters are used. The rows are arranged in pairs along the ridge run, forming trapezoidal slopes. The slopes, diverging from the ridge to the two corners of the house, form triangular end slopes. And the outer rafters rest with their upper part on the layered ones and have different lengths.
Ridge run. A beam supported by vertical posts to which the rafters are attached. This is the highest point of the roof.
Racks. Vertical supports that are installed on a bench. They support the ridge purlin or the middle of the rafter leg.
Struts. Bars that are installed at an angle to the rafter legs to prevent them from bending.
Tightening and bolt. Horizontal lintels made of wood or metal connecting pairs of rafter legs, reducing the bursting load on the walls. The crossbar is installed at the top of the rafters, tightened at the bottom, often used as floor beams.
Sprengel farms. Sprengel is a vertical riser for sloped rafters. If there is nothing to rest it on, install a tie between two adjacent sides of the house and attach the truss using metal corners.
Lathing. Base for laying roofing material. If the boards are nailed without gaps, the sheathing structure is called continuous. And if the boards are alternated with a small gap - lattice. The sheathing pattern depends on the type of roofing material.
Eaves. The part of the rafters that protrudes 40-50 cm beyond the perimeter of the house, protecting it from moisture.

Assembling the rafter system

Having a drawing of the rafter system in hand, you can begin assembly work. Since the material is mainly used natural wood, it would not be superfluous to treat it with a deep penetration antiseptic to protect it from moisture and bacteria. Roofers pay attention to a number of features that should be taken into account when installing a hip roof truss system:

A well-designed and high-quality assembled rafter system is the basis for the long-term operation of a hipped roof, which will provide reliable protection from the weather, regardless of whether it is hip or hip!

Video instruction

Pitched roofs are quite popular in private suburban construction, and therefore many people are of great interest in the rafter system of a hipped roof, which has some design features.

This type of roof is the preferred option both for a country cottage and for a gazebo built on the adjacent territory.

It should be noted that the hipped roof gives the building a rather attractive appearance, and also allows for additional attic room large area.

The rafter system of a hipped roof has a complex structure and its installation should be carried out only according to a preliminary calculation, the result of which should be a diagram.

The calculation of such a roof, both for a house and for a gazebo, can be done with your own hands if you use a special program developed specifically for these purposes.

Its rafter system allows for several different options. Hip roofs include half-hip roofs and hip roofs, and each of them has its own specific features and differences.

Some types of these types of rafter systems, the installation of which you can do yourself, are presented in the photo below.

Features and types of hipped roofing

The structure and design of the rafter system for a hipped roof type primarily depends on the configuration.

Currently, the most common are hip, hip, and half-hip rafter system structures, which can be used both for a private house and for a gazebo.

Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages.

In any case, the rafter system of a hipped roof requires a calculation that is made depending on the type chosen.

The hip type of rafter system is quite popular in private construction. Its design is quite resistant to various external influences and involves the construction and installation of trapezoidal-type slopes.

As a rule, its installation is carried out using several separate rafters that extend from the two upper points. This type of rafter system can also be used to build a gazebo.

Hip roof options can be seen in the photo below.

Also quite common is a half-hip roof, the design of which vaguely resembles a gable roof.

The advantage of this type of rafter system is the ability to install a vertical window in the upper attic area.

Its design assumes the absence of a sharp protrusion, which allows it to withstand fairly strong wind loads.

In addition, in some cases, the half-hip rafter system makes it possible to equip full glazing of the upper space.

A hipped roof also belongs to the hipped roof, but for its arrangement it is necessary that the structure near the walls of the building be made in the shape of a square.

The construction of this type of roof implies, due to a certain design of the slopes, the formation of a triangle with equal sides. Very often, a hip roof is installed on gazebos.

Any type of this type of rafter system requires an exact calculation, on the basis of which the installation is carried out with your own hands.

Design Features

Hip roof, regardless of its type mandatory has a frame, the design of which assumes the presence of sufficient large quantity a variety of elements.

Each of them has a specific purpose and must meet its functional requirements.

In order for such a roof to withstand all possible loads during its operation, it is necessary to accurately calculate the capabilities of each of its constituent elements.

Such a calculation is quite complex calculations that cannot always be done by hand.

It is best to entrust the calculation of a hipped roof to qualified specialists who have professional training.

You can do the calculation yourself, but you will have to use a special program to do this.

It is easiest to make such a calculation for a gazebo, since its design has a simpler shape and involves the use of fewer elements.

When calculating the roof frame, it is important to avoid critical errors, as this can lead to serious consequences during its subsequent operation.

If mistakes are made, correcting them can lead to serious financial investments and an increase in the cost of the entire construction.

First of all, when calculating the roof frame, it is important to determine the angle of inclination of its slopes. Calculations show that the higher the angle of inclination, the more building materials will be required.

Also, when calculating the roof, you should definitely take into account the fact that the lower its angle of inclination, the more powerful the structure of the frame itself should be.

Correctly made calculations will make the rafter system better and more powerful.

A semi-hip, hip or hip roof of the hipped type is shown in the photo above.

Types and features of rafter systems

The design of any type of hip roof frame can differ not only in the bay window, but also in the presence of certain components.

Thus, its installation involves the arrangement of a mauerlat, purlin, and also a support board. In addition, the roof frame must include tie rods, extensions, and the rafters themselves.

Installation of a hipped roof requires the installation of sheathing, as well as some other required elements.

The roof frame of the gazebo is a little simpler and this is due, first of all, to its design features. The installation of a hipped roof is shown in the video below.

In any case, in order to install the roof frame of a house or gazebo, it is necessary to develop a plan for the rafter system and this should be done as accurately as possible.

Both a half-hip roof and any other hipped roof consists directly of a frame and the rafter system itself, on which the roofing pie will subsequently rest.

An important point when arranging this type of roof with your own hands is the uniform distribution of the expected load over the entire surface of its structure and then onto the walls and directly onto the foundation of the building.

This can be achieved not only by the correct design of the roof frame, but also by its installation. For this, rafter systems of various types can be used.

Their choice mainly depends on the size of the house being built. In addition, the availability of interior walls load-bearing type or additional supports.

In any case, the installation of the roof can be carried out using hanging or layered rafters, which is described in detail in the video below.

Structures of truss systems

Hanging type rafter systems are often used. This type of construction involves the arrangement of two independent supports, which do not imply any intermediate support.

Such rafter systems work in both bending and compression. Also, the hanging type of rafter system design creates a horizontal force, which is accordingly transmitted to all load-bearing walls.

Reduce this type loads are possible through the use of special puffs, which are jumpers made of wood or metal that connect all the wooden legs.

When constructing an attic or attic roof Such puffs are installed at the base of the legs. If such a tie is attached above the base of the rafters, then its main function is only securing.

It should be noted that the higher such a tightening is installed, the more durable all the constituent elements of the rafter structure should be.

In those buildings in which a load-bearing structure is provided middle wall, or special supports are additionally installed; as a rule, a rafter system is installed, which provides for the arrangement of layered rafters.

Such layered rafters with their lower parts rest directly on the mauerlat, which must be laid over the entire surface of the external walls of the house. In addition, in such a rafter system the middle part is additionally strengthened in the middle part of the house.

The design of the layered rafter system works in bending and has less weight than hanging rafters, which means that less building materials are used for its construction.

In addition, the rafter system, which is made using layered rafters, has higher strength and, accordingly, rigidity.

Some installation features

Any hipped roof, even if the device is designed for a gazebo, requires a complex structure, despite the fact that they can be equipped with a bay window of various shapes.

At the base of these types of roofs is a triangle, which determines their high rigidity and stability.

The main elements of such a roof, which bear the main load, are the rafters, the design and installation of which should be given special attention.

When installing such a roof with your own hands, it is recommended to follow the rules and construction technology with maximum precision.

In addition, you should use only high-quality Construction Materials, possessing the necessary strength and reliability.

When constructing a hipped roof, special attention should be paid to all its corner elements, which experience the maximum amount of loads.

If it is necessary to splice some frame elements, they should be additionally reinforced with appropriate racks and struts, which make it possible to reduce the overall load.

In general, a hipped roof is a structurally complex element of a house that must be made in accordance with all requirements.

A roof made of four slopes - what is it good for? The numerous operational advantages of this type certainly outweigh the disadvantages. Is the rafter system of a hipped roof as simple as many construction beginners think? You will definitely find out soon! We will describe important nuances and features of the stages of erecting a hip roof in this article.

What do you need to know about hip truss systems?

There are two options for hip roofs: hip and hip. The first type has the shape of a rectangular envelope, consisting of two main trapezoidal slopes and a ridge, and two pediment (side) slopes - triangles:

A hip roof is four identical isosceles triangles connected at one top point (reminiscent of a tent):

Both options provide for the installation of both layered and hanging rafters, which are installed using standard technologies.

How to choose the type of rafter system for a 4-pitched roof?

In the absence of a central roof support, the choice is made in favor of a hanging rafter system. If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, then you should choose a layered structure. This option is simpler and more accessible for non-professional craftsmen. You just need to remember two main conditions: when rigidly fastening the bottom and top of the stops, a reinforced Mauerlat is needed, since the thrust is transferred to it; with a hinged fastening or a semi-rigid connection (for example, the top is hinged and the bottom is rigid or vice versa), the Mauerlat does not need to be reinforced:

The choice of one type of hip roof should be determined by the shape of the house itself. For square houses, hip rafters are erected, for rectangular ones - hip rafters. Also, you can find complex multi-pitched roofs of a combined type, which contain both hip and hip elements.

Both hip and tent structures retain their basic functions gable roof(for example, the possibility of arranging an attic) and look very aesthetically pleasing:

Why is a hipped roof more popular than a gable roof?

“Why the extra headache and complexity?” you ask: “After all, you can build a simple gable roof much faster and cheaper.” Here the craftsmen emphasize some important points in favor of choosing exactly four slopes for the roof:

High wind resistance. The hipped roof has no gables; all its planes are inclined towards the ridge. This structure minimizes the impact of strong winds and reduces possible destructive consequences to “0”.
The most successful load distribution. A multi-pitched roof can withstand the maximum amount of precipitation, since the gentle slopes take part of the main load. Therefore, sagging, deformation and destruction of the rafter system, in this case, have a minimal probability.
Availability of choice of any method of roof insulation. Straight gables require a special approach when choosing the type of roof insulation, since they are located vertically and are subject to wind blowing. The gentle slopes of hip and hip systems make it possible to evenly insulate the roof with any available material.

In addition to the listed “advantages”, a roof with four slopes perfectly conserves heat, can be covered with any roofing material and always has a neat appearance.

Construction of a four-slope rafter system

The hipped rafter structure consists of the following elements: Mauerlat, ridge beam, central and hip rafters, sloping legs, as well as beds, racks, crossbars, struts and other reinforcing parts. Let's look at the most basic elements.

I. Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the most important detail structure, since the entire rafter system rests on it. It is a powerful wooden beam 100x200, 100x250, 100x100, 150x250, 200x200 cm. The mauerlat is made from solid quality wood, mainly coniferous species. The rafter system of a hip roof, like any multi-pitched roof, requires thorough fastening of the base beam. The procedure for installing the Mauerlat in this case: formation monolithic foundation at the end of load-bearing walls with the installation of spiers; laying waterproofing; processing and installation of Mauerlat around the perimeter of the entire house; reinforced with anchors and other fastenings for maximum reliability of the base.

The Mauerlat can be laid on the edge of the wall, or in a pocket provided for laying bricks with inside load-bearing walls.

II. Sloping legs

Sloping legs are the four corner rafters that rest on the edges of the ridge and the corners of the mauerlat. They are the longest among all the rafter legs of the system, therefore they must have a cross-section of at least 100x150 mm for maximum rigidity.

III. Ridge beam

Ridge purlin is a horizontal beam that connects all the rafters, the top of the rafter system. The beam must be strengthened with racks and struts. The ridge must be positioned strictly parallel to the plane of the attic floor and perpendicular to the racks.

IV. Rafters

Rafters for a hipped roof are divided into: central (attached to the mauerlat and ridge); main hip ones (attached to the ridge axis and Mauerlat); intermediate and shortened (installed on sloping legs and Mauerlat, connecting the corners of the slopes).

V. Strengthening elements

Additional reinforcing elements include ridge beam posts, crossbars or floor beams, rafter struts, wind beams, etc.

DIY rafter system for a hipped roof

Let's consider step by step process construction of the truss structure. For clarity, we have chosen the most popular option - hip roofing. The hip roof rafter system, a diagram of which step by step, is presented to your attention below:

Step I: Create a Project

To depict your version of a hip roof in a drawing, you need to calculate the height, length, slopes of the slopes and roof area. This is necessary for clear and high-quality implementation of the project and selection required quantity Supplies:

Calculations should begin by choosing the angle of the roof slopes. The optimal slope is considered to be an angle of 20-450. The magnitude of the slope must correspond to the climatic characteristics of the region. So, in particularly windy areas, the slope should be kept to a minimum, and for areas where there is frequent and heavy rainfall, the steepest slope angle is necessary. In addition to the weather environment, you need to take into account roofing material, which is planned to be used. For a soft roof the degree of inclination should be less, for a hard roof it should be greater.

And one more small one, but important nuance on this issue, it is better to make the slope angle the same for all four slopes. So the load will be distributed evenly, and the structure will be as stable as possible, and the aesthetic appeal will remain “at its best.”

Now, knowing the angle of inclination and the width of the house, we can use simple mathematics to calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafter legs, racks and other details of the rafter system. When calculating the length of the rafters, do not forget to take into account the eaves overhang (as a rule, its length is 40-50 cm).

The roof area for purchasing the required amount of roofing material is calculated as the sum of the areas of all slopes of the structure.

How to draw a roof drawing correctly?

We select the scale of the drawing and transfer the dimensions of the house in scale onto a sheet of paper;
Next, we transfer the selected dimensions of our roof onto the diagram: the height of the ridge, its length, the number and size of rafter legs, struts, racks and all the details, in accordance with the calculations made earlier;
Now you can count all the necessary materials and start searching for them.

Step II: Preparing for work

To erect a roof frame, you will need standard tools and equipment: drills, screwdrivers, jigsaws, hammers, chisels, etc. We already know the required amount of materials for the rafter system, so we can purchase them. The lumber for the frame must be solid, have no cracks, wormholes, have a light shade, without gray or yellow plaque, smell like fresh wood. Wet wood should not be laid on the roof immediately; it must be dried, treated with an antiseptic solution and dried again. Wood humidity should not exceed 20%.

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the basic part of the entire rafter system. It transfers thrust loads to the load-bearing walls of the house. Installing a Mauerlat for a hipped roof is no different from similar structures with two or one slope. This process is described in as much detail as possible in our previous articles.

The base beam, the parameters of which are described above, is placed on the armored belt and high-quality waterproofing. If it is necessary to connect the Mauerlat, then the bars are cut into half the section and overlapped using strong fasteners.

Step IV: Laying the floor beams or beams

If there are load-bearing walls inside the house, then it is necessary to install beams on their ends - the basis for the support pillars of the roofing system. If there are no more load-bearing floors in the house, then the attic floor is covered with reinforced beams, on which roof supports are subsequently installed, and then the attic floor pie is laid.

Beams must have a cross-section of at least 100x200 mm. The step between them is 60 cm. You can slightly adjust this figure, depending on the characteristics of your home. The distance between the outer beams and the mauerlat should not be less than 90 cm. This distance is used for installing the half-beams of the eaves overhang (extension). The stems are attached to the two outer beams using strong anchors and reinforced metal corners.

Step V: Installation of support posts, purlins and ridge

Racks are an important part for supporting the structure; they redistribute the weight of the rafter system onto the beams or floor beams. The racks are installed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the bed. IN hipped systems the supports are installed under the ridge beam (hip roof) or under the corner rafters (hip roof):

The racks must be securely attached to the base using metal plates and reinforced corners. The purlins are installed as additional support for the racks. In a hip roof, the purlins are rectangular in shape, while for the hips they are ordinary ridge purlins.

After we have made sure that the supports are installed correctly (using a meter and a level), we can attach the upper ridge beam. It is mounted on vertical posts and reinforced with reliable metal fasteners (plates, corners, anchors and screws). Now let's take on the corner extensions:

Step VI: Installation of rafters

First you need to install side rafters, which rest on the ridge beam and the Mauerlat (or are secured with an extension). To do this, you need to make a template rafter with the appropriate cuts. We apply the rafter leg to the ridge, mark the place of the cut with a pencil, then mark the place of the cut of the rafters for joining with the Mauerlat and make cuts. Attach the rafter to the supports again to make sure that the connection is correct and to correct any imperfections. Now this sample can be used to make all the side rafters. Installation of the rafter legs of the main slopes is carried out according to general rules described in the design of a gable rafter system (see article and video).

Diagonal (corner) rafters are installed next. Their top edge is installed on the stand and fits into the edge of the ridge beam. Before this, measurements are taken and the corresponding cuts of the rafter legs are made. The lower end of the diagonals is fixed in the corners of the Mauerlat:

Since diagonal rafters are longer than all other legs, they require additional support. This function is performed by trusses - support beams that are installed under each diagonal leg, in its lower quarter (this is where the greatest load occurs). Sprengel, like ridge posts, are installed on supporting corner beams located in the plane of the floor beams.

The space between the corner ribs is filled with auxiliary rafter legs - sprigs. Their lower part rests on the mauerlat, and the upper part rests on the diagonal rafter leg. The step between the frames should be equal to the step between the side rafters (50-150 cm).

Step VII: Sheathing

It remains to complete the final stage of forming the roofing skeleton - installing the sheathing. These are boards or bars 50x50 mm, which are attached to the rafters parallel to the ridge girder and the mauerlat. The pitch of the sheathing boards is 50-60 cm. This is quite enough for installation roofing pie. When a soft roof is provided, the sheathing is laid in 2 layers (counter-lattice and sheathing).

Finally, a few videos:

So, we described the installation of the rafter system of a hipped roof, its basic principles, and even went a little deeper into some of the nuances. Hip and tent structures are, although not the simplest, but quite feasible options for every novice craftsman. Especially if he has good assistants. We wish you success in your work!

The roof is no less important element houses than the foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, making the building neat and attractive. The hip roof has gained wide popularity not only because high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the emerging opportunity to equip additional structures - attic and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure, it is still not difficult to build it with your own hands.

Advantages of hip roofs over gable structures

One of the main tasks that appears even at the stage of designing your own home is choosing the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and hipped structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the structure plays an important role, the criteria of reliability and practicality still come to the fore.

A gable roof is a classic structure that is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts called gables. The spacious under-roof space allows you to equip an attic, living space or use the attic for domestic purposes.

The classic gable roof is easily recognized by a pair of rectangular slopes that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular gables at its ends

Structures of this type due to their simplicity and practicality long time remained the most popular in individual construction. At the same time, the dependence of the roof geometry on the size of the building, as well as the complication and rise in cost of the structure when arranging the attic, forced the search for other, more practical and functional options. And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which are based on a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called a hip roof. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for gables and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.

The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles

There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:

possibility of arrangement attic windows right on the slopes;
increased strength, reliability and stability of the rafter system;
increased resistance to weather factors;
the possibility of increasing the area of the attic by simply reducing the width of the base of the hip;
more uniform distribution of roof weight;
improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.

Don’t be fooled by the many advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has disadvantages. These include more complex design, a slight reduction in the size of the attic space and wasteful consumption of roofing material. As for expenses, the budget required for the construction of one and the other roof differs slightly.

The hipped roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times

Classification of hip roofs

Differences in the shape of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of the traditional hip roof, have led to many variations. If we do not consider the most exotic of them, then we can distinguish several main types of hipped roofs.

Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the eaves level. To construct its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the ribs of the hips form beams extending from the ends of the ridge. The elaborate design and distribution of the weight of the roof over a larger area allows not only to position the overhangs on the same line, but also to increase their reach. Thanks to this, the façade of the building is reliably protected from rain even in strong gusts of wind.

Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof.
A hip roof can be installed on a house that has a square shape in plan. A feature of this design is the slopes of the same configuration. Their ribs converge at one point, and their hips have the shape of isosceles triangles.

Hip roofs widely used in modern individual construction
Half-hip roofs got their name because of the shortened hips. Unlike traditional roofing, their length is reduced by 1.5–3 times compared to the size of the main slopes.

The side slopes of half-hip roofs have a shortened length, so they do not reach the eaves line
The Danish half-hip roof has a small gable under the ridge and a short hip on the eaves side. This design allows you to install ventilation and lighting elements directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need to install skylights.

The Danish project is good because it allows you to easily equip attic spaces
A half-hip Dutch roof has a vertical gable that divides the hip into two short slopes. Although the Dutch rafter system has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic space more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is excellent for installing vertical glazing in the attic.

A roof built according to a Dutch design is still rare in our area.
A sloping hip roof has several slopes of different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different slopes, it is possible to increase the volume of the under-roof space. Though broken structure and cannot be called simple; houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for its popularity is the opportunity to arrange additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called an attic roof.

The sloping roof makes the architecture of the building somewhat heavier, but it makes it possible to arrange several living spaces in the attic space

There are also more complex structures consisting of many hips, as well as those in which a hip roof is combined with roofing systems other types. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, so it is better to entrust the construction of a sophisticated roof to specialists.

Design of hip roofs

When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will affect it are taken into account. To do this, you must first resolve several important issues:

purpose of the attic space;
roofing material;
degree of atmospheric influence in the construction region.

Based on these factors, the degree of slope of the slopes and the roof area are determined, the loads are calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the rafter system.

Geometric parameters of slopes

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies within a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees are erected. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal precipitation, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.

When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is necessary to take into account what material it will be covered with:

slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and rolled materials are laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
the tiles are mounted on a surface with a degree of slope from 30 to 60 degrees;
Roll coating is used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.

Having decided on the angle of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for a right triangle.

Roof area

Even the most complex hip roof consists of individual slopes that follow the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, so most often for calculations it is enough to know linear dimensions bases and angles of inclination of the hips.

To determine the square footage of the roof, it is necessary to add up the areas of the slopes of which it consists

The total roof area is calculated by summing the square footage of the individual hips. Slopes of complex configuration are divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.

The principles for calculating the geometric parameters of hip roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces

Load calculation

Loads acting on a hipped roof are divided into two types:

permanent,
periodic.

The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, sheathing and other frame parts. The second is the forces exerted by precipitation and wind force. In addition, when calculating, one should take into account the payload in the form of various engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the rafter system.

Based on SNiP, when designing a roof it is necessary to assume a snow load of 180 kg/sq.m. m. If there is a danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter increases to 400–450 kg/sq. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - precipitation does not linger on surfaces with such steep slopes.

The force of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg/sq. m. If the roof slope is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the effect of the wind can be neglected.

The above parameters of atmospheric influences are average values accepted for middle zone. When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.

Calculation of the rafter system

When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made to install braces, which help redistribute the load, and tie-downs, which protect the frame from loosening.

The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters

The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to the usual rafters, requires the installation of diagonal rafters (in other words, slanted ones) - those that are attached to the ridge and directed to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse node elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements - sprigs - are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, slanted legs experience a load increased by 1.5–2 times, so their cross-section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span they are supported by one or two racks.

Often, hip roofs have a complicated rafter system, which, in contrast to a simple hipped structure, places additional load where vertical supports are installed. This feature must be taken into account when calculating the strength of a wooden roof frame.

The distance for laying the rafters is called the pitch and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the cross-section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter using special tables, one of which is given below.

Table: dependence of the cross-section and pitch of rafters on their length

Manual calculations are quite labor-intensive. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online calculators to determine the parameters of hip roofs. With its help, you can determine not only geometric parameters, but also a lot of other equally important factors:

amount of moisture and heat insulation, taking into account overlaps;
amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
the volume of lumber required for arranging the rafter system;
length of overhangs, etc.

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate a roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the rafter system?

For the construction of a hip roof, timber and boards made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungal damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. When the wood moisture content is more than 22%, the lumber is stacked in the open air and dried. It should be understood that under-dried boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage to the finishing coating.

To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular beam with a cross-section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. As an alternative, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then paired boards are used.

For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, steel brackets and other metal elements are used. Often, steel supports, rather than wooden ones, are installed under particularly loaded ridge girders. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.

Features of the rafter system

In order to correctly design and install a hip roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its design, as well as the design features of the most common types of hip roofs.

The structure of the rafter system in detail

The frame of a hip roof consists of most of the same parts as a gable roof, but a more complex rafter system requires the installation of additional elements. Upon closer examination, the following components can be found:

All these elements can be found in any type of hip roof. The only exception is the hip roof, which does not have side rafters or ridge beams.

In wooden and frame houses, the rafter system is installed without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the outer crowns, and in the second - by the upper trim.

Types of rafter systems for hip roofs

Since the basis of the hip roof rafter system is made up of slanted rafters, when installing the roof frame, you must adhere to the following rules:

In structures where the slanted legs experience increased load, timber of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
Splicing of individual parts of diagonal rafters is carried out in places with maximum load(most often in their upper part) and are strengthened with the help of struts and vertical posts installed at an angle of 90° to the rafter legs.
When making slanted rafters, allowance should be made for local trimming, so the estimated length of the beam is increased by 5–10%.
Critical connection points of slanted rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - staples, twists or perforated construction strips.

When choosing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or permanent walls. Based on specific conditions, a scheme with hanging or layered rafters is chosen.

Hanging rafter system

A hanging rafter roof structure has no centerline supports, so the bulk of the weight falls on the outer perimeter walls. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant pushing forces are transmitted to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is connected to each other by so-called ties - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.

The tie can be located either at the base of the rafter legs or above. In the first case, the lintel will also act as a transverse beam, which is a good option for construction mansard roof. If the tightening is installed in the area of the midline or above, then it will only serve as a securing link. It should be noted that the cost of the rafter system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the tie rods. The higher the transverse jumpers are located, the larger the cross-section of all components of the wooden frame should be.

Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between the supporting elements of the structure

Construction with layered rafters

A hip roof with layered rafters is suitable only for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a main wall or support pillars installed to support the ceiling. In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the mauerlat, and the middle part rests on the load-bearing partition. The presence of additional support points allows you to relieve the elements of the rafter system by removing alternating horizontal forces from them, as well as from the walls of the building. Like roof beams, rafters begin to work only in bending. A frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to a structure that uses unsupported rafters. And this despite the fact that in the first case you can use timber of a smaller cross-section. And this helps reduce the weight of the wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.

Installation of a hip roof

The assembly of the rafter system must be carried out in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to correctly install and secure all structural elements of the roof.

To redistribute the load exerted on the walls by the roofing structure, wind and precipitation, external walls lay the mauerlat. In individual construction, timber with a cross-section of at least 100x150 mm is used for these purposes. Anchor pins are used to secure the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of the masonry at the stage of wall construction. Waterproofing of the Mauerlat is carried out using two layers of roofing material, which is laid on top of the load-bearing walls.

The Mauerlat is attached to the load-bearing wall using bolts or anchors
If it is necessary to install vertical supports, beds are laid on the load-bearing walls. Wooden pads are used to horizontally level the elements of the rafter system. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and purlins. If capital partitions are not provided for in the building plan, then vertical supports are mounted on floor beams. To do this, they are strengthened by joining two 50x200 mm boards or using one 100x200 mm beam.

Support of vertical posts on beams is allowed only if the structure rests on a permanent pier
Exhibit support posts. To level them, use a plumb line or laser level, after which temporary supports are installed. To attach a vertical support to a bench or horizontal beam, use metal corners and plates.
Purlins are laid on top of the racks. A traditional hip roof requires the installation of one purlin, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Tent structures require the installation of four purlins. As with the installation of racks, fastening is carried out using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

The ridge purlin can be attached either directly to the rafter leg or using wooden plates
Preparing the rafters. The side rafters of simple hipped roofs are mounted in exactly the same way as the rafters on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. To do this, from the side of the outer support, apply a board of the same width as the rafters to the ridge. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, mark the notch necessary for reliable support and precise fit of the rafter leg to the ridge beam, as well as a cutout corresponding to the junction with the Mauerlat. The marked areas are cut out and then used for quick preparation of the rafter legs.

Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare rafters for installation
By applying the manufactured sample to the purlin, it is necessary to check whether precise adjustment of the rafters is necessary. If there are gaps, cuts in the rafters are made taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in increments of 50–150 cm and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. For installation, staples are best suited, but strong metal corners can also be used.
As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced boards or timber of increased cross-section. To install them, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the slanted rafters are adjacent to the corner of the mauerlat on one side, and rest on the racks on the other, the cut is made at an angle of 45° to the plane.

The layout of rafters and soffits on a hip roof is carried out according to a template
In the gaps between the sloped rafters, sprigs are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the mauerlat act as support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the former can be constructed from boards 30–50 mm thick. To speed up installation, you will need a template with notches on the side of the diagonal rafters and the mauerlat, but the cutouts on half of the frames must be made in a mirror image.

The use of metal fasteners makes the rafter system more rigid and stable
If there is a need, fillies are attached to the rafters and frames. The ends of the rafter elements are cut along the cord.

Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways
Strengthen the slopes and side rafters. In the first case, vertical trusses are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45° are used. They are supported on beds or beams.
After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.

The rafter system is prepared for installation of roofing materials

Lathing and insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the sheathing, a vapor barrier and, if necessary, rolled thermal insulation are laid on top of the rafters. The top layer of insulation is covered waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and secured to the beam with a construction stapler. After this, counter battens are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing pie is installed without insulation, then a vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will be sufficient. Of course, additional slats will not be needed in this case, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the frames and rafter legs.

Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of sheathing is used on hip roofs:

continuous;
sparse.

The first is most often equipped for a soft roof and only in some cases - for arranging an attic space. This type of lathing is made from boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20–25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards. Their advantage is an extremely flat surface, which allows you to lay roofing material with minimal time and effort.

Under the soft roof, a continuous sheathing of OSB, plywood or boards packed without a gap is installed

For sparse sheathing, the same boards are used as in the first case, but they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated sheets, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.

The sheathing is fastened with nails, the length of which is equal to triple the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixation, then you can use a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to double the thickness of the lumber.

To fasten slate, ondulin and other sheet materials, use sparse lathing

Wooden base The roofing pie is mounted from the bottom up, with the first board of each slope being aligned parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the sheathing is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut off with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they begin to fasten the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards beyond the sloped rafters. After this, the ends of the boards are sawed down similarly to the first case.

Video: building a hip roof with your own hands

Typical hip roof design

When building a simple hip roof, you can use a standard project developed by specialists. Project documentation includes:

technological map;
roof plan;
rafter system diagrams;
drawings of sections and corner connections;
statement and specification with a complete list of materials used.

As an example, below is the documentation for standard project hip roof for a house with an area of 155 sq. m.

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

The drawing indicates the exact dimensions of all roof elements. Triangles lie at the base of the rafter truss. Rafters of trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the building. Tie-rods are installed at the base of the rafters and act as floor beams. When creating a project, it is necessary to take into account the length of the rafters, their pitch, the recommended cross-section of the beam or board. rafter fastenings use wooden and metal products. Fastenings allow you to transfer the load from one element of the system to another

Despite the apparent complexity of a hipped roof, building it with your own hands is not much more difficult than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the purpose of the individual elements and the principles of constructing the rafter system. Otherwise, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on adherence to technology and careful installation. As for the additional difficulties and costs, they will be repaid with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.

For large buildings, a gable roof does not provide the required protection and reliability. This design rests only on 2 external load-bearing walls, so the load on the rafters is excessively high. For a large house, it is better to choose a hip roof, which effectively withstands atmospheric loads and more evenly distributes pressure on the external load-bearing walls and foundation.

Hip roof configurations

The geometric design of such a roof combines 4 inclined planes, the bases of which are the load-bearing walls of the house along the perimeter. There are several configurations that determine the shape and relative position of inclined surfaces.

Hip roof

A simple design, in appearance it partly resembles a gable one: 2 planes are formed parallel to the long walls, which are connected in the center by a ridge ceiling. The opposite gables are replaced with inclined hip triangles. The design is used for large buildings, two sides of which are significantly longer than the other.

Half hip roof

It differs in the configuration of the end slopes. The bases of the triangles rise above the bottom edge of the structure. The remaining space is filled by the pediment. The corners at the base of large slopes are cut vertically. This allows you to create a spacious attic under the roof and install double-glazed windows.

Suitable for square houses or buildings where all walls are approximately equal. The four slopes are triangles connected by their vertices at a common central point. Such structures do not have a horizontal ridge.

The construction of all hipped roofs, including combinations, is based on these configurations various elements into complex structures.

Many country gazebos have the shape of a regular polygon; often a hip roof is erected on them. Why a hip roof is used for a small structure is explained by the practicality and aesthetic completeness of such a design. It is impractical to build a roof with two inclined surfaces for a summerhouse: the absence of closed gables will leave part of the structure unprotected from precipitation, for example, during slanting rain. The hipped roof wins in this regard.

Types of rafter systems

There are hanging and layered designs. The first type is distinguished by the fact that the rafters lean against each other. This type is used for buildings that do not have central load-bearing walls. The load is bursting. To increase strength, they make ties between opposite rafters, use racks, struts and other devices.

The sloped design of the hipped roof includes additional supports for the rafters. They are strengthened under the ridge girder and transfer part of the load to the load-bearing walls inside the building.

Differences between systems: 1) Hanging 2) Layered

Description of the rafter structure

The construction of a hip roof requires professional knowledge and experience from the master. Drawings of a rafter system for a hipped roof of this type include the following elements:

Mauerlat is the base of the frame, laid on load-bearing walls. Since all sides of the house are supporting, the element is attached along the perimeter of the building. Since hip roofs are built on large objects, the Mauerlat must be of high strength. Typically, timber 150×150 or 100×100 is used. Mauerlat is not required if the structure is made of wood. In this case, the base is the upper frame of the walls.
The ridge girder is installed horizontally at the intersection of the trapezoidal slopes and serves as a connecting element.
From each end of the purlin there are 3 supports called central rafters. They are erected regardless of the pitch of the other elements.
Diagonal (corner) rafters connect the ridge beam to the corners of the building. These are the longest supports with the greatest slope.
Parallel to the directions of the slopes, short rafters are erected on the hips, fastening the corner supports (sides of the triangles) to the Mauerlat.
The lateral edges of the trapezoids are connected to the base by spigots, and the two parallel sides are connected by intermediate supports.
Sprengel is used to increase strength. It is a block located closer to the corner of the building, the ends of which are installed on adjacent walls.
When installing struts and racks, a truss truss is formed - an additional structural unit.
Tightenings are used in a hanging rafter system. They are mounted on two opposite supports.
In a layered structure there is a beam that is laid on a load-bearing wall in the center of the building and takes on part of the load.

The peculiarity of the half-hip roof is that the lower edge of each triangular slope rises to the height of the pediment, thereby shortening the diagonal rafters. The hipped hip roof is simpler. The frame design includes similar components of the hips and internal ligament. All reinforcement elements are designed for one purpose - to tighten the frame into knots and make it rigid.

System features and calculations

The roof with four slopes can withstand high wind and snow loads. In order for the roof to be practical, reliable and to perfectly perform the functions assigned to it, an accurate calculation of all elements is carried out. The slope of the hip roof slopes does not exceed 40°. The construction of a tent system requires an angle of 40 to 60°.

The calculation of the supporting structure is based on the mutual dependence of the span length, rafter step and beam sections. The second parameter is selected individually based on the available material and ease of fastening. In the longest structures, the rafter pitch is 2.15 m, and in most cases 90 cm is chosen.

The distance determines the cross-section of the supports. The further apart the rafters are placed, the thicker the board will be required. The size of the section also depends on the length of the supports themselves. The connection is directly proportional. To ensure that the rafters can withstand bending forces, choose a material with a larger cross-section. For 6-meter supports with a pitch of 90, the cross-sectional area is 75×200 mm, and for 3-meter supports it is only 50×150.

Carrying out construction activities

The material for the frame must be well dried. Wood moisture content is limited to 20%. Work order:

A professional approach to assembling a durable frame determines performance hipped roof. The resistance to weather conditions and the service life of the structure as a whole depend on the reliability of the structure.

A hipped hip roof is considered a rather complex and material-intensive structure, which few homeowners undertake to build with their own hands. But if you decide to self-construction, first go through the preparatory path - study theoretical materials, including those presented in this publication. Then assemble a model of the rafter system small sizes to understand the components, the nuances of their manufacture and the calculation of the amount of timber. So, we suggest you take the first step and consider...

Design features

This type of roofing structure, shown in the photo, is a regular ridge roof, but without vertical gables. Instead, 2 additional slopes are made on the sides of the building - hips, which have a different slope angle.

Reference. If all 4 planes are tilted at the same angle, you get another type of roof - a hip roof. Since its slopes converge at one point in the form of a dome, there is no ridge as such.

The hip roof rafter system consists of the following elements (shown in the diagram):

Mauerlat, lying - a powerful strapping beam mounted on the upper plane of the walls along the perimeter of the building and internal partitions;
roof slopes are formed by inclined beams, installed at calculated intervals, - rafter legs;
together with stiffening elements - tie rods, racks and braces - the rafters form roof trusses;
ridge girder - a beam connecting the upper points of the trusses;
in some designs Bottom part The rafter legs are lengthened due to an additional part - the filly.

Along the line of convergence of the planes, hip rafters are installed, resting on the corners of the building. Their slope coincides with the angle of the main slopes. But the end rafter legs, called sprigs, form steeper or flatter slopes on the sides of the house.

When constructing 4-slope roofs, 2 types of trusses are used - hanging and layered. In the first, the lower chord (tightening) rests only on the external fences of a private house, so installing them on spans that are too long is irrational due to the increased consumption of materials for the stiffeners. See the drawing for the construction of a hanging truss:

The advantage of layered structures is the ability to rest on the capital interior partition and covering large spans without increasing material consumption. Beginners in the roofing business should pay attention to these trusses, as they are more reliable and easier to install.

If it is planned to build a residential attic on the attic floor, then the slope of the main slopes increases, and the truss receives 2 supports in the form of racks that form the walls of the room. These parts are usually placed on the floor beams or floor beams of a wooden house. Ceilings attic room are formed thanks to horizontal ties connecting the rafters at the top, as done in the diagram:

Installation of a hip roof step by step

Like any serious structure, a hip roof is erected with your own hands in several stages:

Creation of a project with calculation of load-bearing structures.
Harvesting timber and other roofing materials.
Installation of the rafter system.
Laying covering with insulation (if necessary).

Design advice. So that you do not have to worry about the reliability of the building, it is strongly recommended to entrust the design work to engineers, regardless of the financial costs. They will calculate all the parameters - the installation pitch of the rafters, their cross-section, the number of struts and tightenings in accordance with weather conditions in your area.

Above, as an example, is a drawing of a hipped roof with layered trusses covering 2 spans of 4.5 m each. The length of the main rafter legs is 6 m, the height of the ridge is 4 m, the angle of inclination is 41°. This design can be taken as a basis if the width of the building does not exceed that indicated on the drawing (9 meters). Consider an important point: the more the hips are tilted, the greater the load the hips and the central ridge knot where they rest. In this example, it is better to place the hips at an angle of 45-50°.

The most difficult thing in the construction of hip roofs is correct installation joints of corner rafters with the Mauerlat and the upper chord of the trusses in different designs. This is another reason to consult with designers who develop junction units individually. So that you understand what we are talking about, we present drawings of the upper support unit, where the hip rafter leg is adjacent to the ridge.

Some designs do not provide for the manufacture and installation of a ridge girder between the trusses. Then the hip ribs are attached to the tie and additional struts, as prescribed in the drawing:

The lower support leg assembly on the mauerlat and splicing the rafters looks somewhat simpler, although in reality it requires careful sawing of the boards at different angles, which is reflected in the diagram.

For a visual overview of more complex system where the hip is combined with the bay window, we suggest watching a training video:

Selection of lumber

Before making a rafter system for a hip roof, you should choose high-quality and dried timber. In terms of price-quality ratio, the most suitable option is coniferous wood - spruce, larch or pine. Pronounced knots, rot and traces of insect pests are unacceptable.

We present the most popular sizes of lumber used for phased construction hip roofs:

main rafter – single board 50 x 200 mm or double board 40 x 150 mm;
Mauerlat: minimum section – 100 x 150 mm, optimal – 20 x 20 cm;
narozhniki – board 5 x 15 cm;
purlins – timber 50 x 150 or 50 x 200 mm;
struts, crossbars - boards with a thickness of 25 to 50 mm;
racks – block 5 x 10 cm.

A set of mounting plates and corners will also come in handy.

Note. If roofing structures are designed for you by design engineers, they will also draw up a specification of all materials with dimensions.

Traditionally, 25-32 mm thick boards are used for the lathing for laying corrugated sheets or metal tiles, and 5 x 5 cm bars are used for the counter-lattice.

Installation of strapping beams on walls

Unlike gable roofs, where the mauerlat is installed on the side walls, under the hips the strapping is done along the entire perimeter. The exception is frame, log and timber houses, where the upper wall crossbar or the last tier of logs acts as a mauerlat. Then grooves are made in it where the rafter legs are inserted, as shown in the photo.

On walls made of light cellular stone - aerated concrete and foam block - a reinforcing reinforced concrete belt is installed before laying the framing. Mounting studs are embedded into it, onto which the strapping beam is subsequently placed. The step-by-step work order looks like this:

Installation of panel formwork, binding reinforcement cage with embedded parts and filling the belt with M200 concrete mixture.
Waterproofing the concrete surface with roofing felt or bitumen primer.
Installation of timber and its fixation on studs.

The corner connections of the Mauerlat are made by cutting into half a tree. In the same way, the timber is increased in length if standard size 6 m is not enough. Also, horizontal braces are made in the corners or iron brackets are driven in to prevent the beams from moving apart under the load of the main and hip rafters.

Advice. Be sure to process everything wooden parts antiseptic and fire retardant. One protects the wood from rotting, and the second increases its fire resistance.

Assembling the rafter system

It is customary to install large roofing trusses locally, because to lift them from the ground, you will need twice as many workers. In wooden houses, first of all, all the ceiling beams are installed, and temporary flooring is laid on them. To install the high ridge, you will also need scaffolding.

The step-by-step assembly of the hip roof structure is performed in the following order:

As with the construction of a gable roof, the first step is to install the central supports where the ridge girder is attached.
The main rafters are being installed, which are trimmed from above and below the right angle. At the ridge, the opposing rafter legs are brought out into one plane and fastened with steel plates on self-tapping screws (yellow, not black). The beams are fixed to the Mauerlat with corners.
After installing the main trusses, strengthen them with crossbars and struts according to the drawings, using bolts for fastening.
Install the ribs - the outer hip rafters. Their connection with the ridge and strapping beams is carried out according to one of the schemes proposed above.
Saw off and nail the flanges to the frame. Each of them is cut under different angles, determined by measuring at 4 points (along each edge of the board).
If necessary, secure the fillets to provide an overhang of 0.5 m, and hem the cornice with boards.

Advice. Since the hip ribs are very long, they need to be extended and additional supports installed. Make the joint near the ridge, where the load on the roof is less, and mount the supports closer to the mauerlat.

How the elements of the hip structure are attached in reality, see the following video:

Laying the finishing coating

This final operation is performed using traditional technology, which involves ventilation of the under-roof space and installation of a waterproofing layer of a diffusion membrane. The latter does not allow moisture to penetrate from the street into the attic, while at the same time the film freely allows water vapor to pass out. There is one difference from covering conventional gable roofs: additional flashings are placed along the fracture lines (on the edges of the hips).

The covering material is laid in the following order:

The rafter system is completely covered with a diffusion membrane. The canvases are rolled out horizontally with an overlap of at least 100 mm, starting from the bottom. The joints must be taped with tape.
The film is nailed to the outer edges of the rafters through counter-lattice bars with a cross-section of 5 x 5 cm, which provide ventilation under the metal tiles or other material.
Sheathing boards are nailed perpendicular to the direction of the rafter legs. The installation interval depends on the selected coating, and for soft tiles The packing is continuous.
Roofing material and all fittings are installed at the ends of the roof, as well as around ventilation and chimney pipes.

Note. Counter-lattice bars nailed to the rafters should not become an obstacle to the ventilation air. Therefore, they are specially shortened to a length of 2-3 m and nailed down with a gap of 5-10 cm between adjacent elements.

Insulation of a hip roof is done both during installation of the covering and after it; the main thing is to assemble the correct “pie” shown in the diagram. In the first case, mineral wool is laid on top, under the waterproofing, and in the second - from the inside.

Conclusion

You need to understand that a hip roof has few advantages over a gable roof. Firstly, it is a beautiful architectural solution, and secondly, it reduces wind load on the side facades of a private house. But the homeowner will have to pay for this increased consumption timber and increased complexity of construction, and therefore time costs. Hence the advice: take your time with the decision and think carefully about the pros and cons. But if you have already taken it, then do the roofing with high quality, for yourself, without saving money on consultations with construction engineers.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

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Rafter system 4 pitched roof. Hip roof rafter system

Comparative characteristics of frame types: tent and hip

Construction of a hip roof

Plan for laying supports on the Mauerlat

Assembling the ridge section of a hipped roof

Fastening the corner extensions of the rafter system

Installation of slanted rafters - drawings

Assembly and installation of hip rafter legs

Installation of the base according to the Mauerlat

Construction of the ridge part

Useful video instructions

Types of hipped roofs

Types of rafter systems

Calculation of the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge

Load calculation

Essential elements

Assembling the rafter system

Video instruction

Features and types of hipped roofing

Design Features

Types and features of rafter systems

Structures of truss systems

Some installation features

What do you need to know about hip truss systems?

How to choose the type of rafter system for a 4-pitched roof?

Why is a hipped roof more popular than a gable roof?

Construction of a four-slope rafter system

I. Mauerlat

II. Sloping legs

III. Ridge beam

IV. Rafters

V. Strengthening elements

DIY rafter system for a hipped roof

Step I: Create a Project

How to draw a roof drawing correctly?

Step II: Preparing for work

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Step IV: Laying the floor beams or beams

Step V: Installation of support posts, purlins and ridge

Step VI: Installation of rafters

Step VII: Sheathing

Finally, a few videos:

Advantages of hip roofs over gable structures

Classification of hip roofs

Design of hip roofs

Geometric parameters of slopes

Roof area

Load calculation

Calculation of the rafter system

Table: dependence of the cross-section and pitch of rafters on their length

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate a roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the rafter system?

Features of the rafter system

The structure of the rafter system in detail

Types of rafter systems for hip roofs

Hanging rafter system

Construction with layered rafters

Installation of a hip roof

Lathing and insulation

Video: building a hip roof with your own hands

Typical hip roof design

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

Hip roof configurations

Hip roof

Half hip roof

Types of rafter systems

Description of the rafter structure

System features and calculations

Carrying out construction activities

Design features

Installation of a hip roof step by step

Selection of lumber

Installation of strapping beams on walls

Assembling the rafter system

Laying the finishing coating

Conclusion

What else to read

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