Hip roof truss system: a detailed description of the two construction options. Hipped roof, how to make a hipped roof with your own hands, useful tips Build a roof in the shape of a pyramid

Hipped roofs effectively rise above private houses, outbuildings, gazebos, summer kitchens. They are most often built over boxes that are square in plan. Less often they arrange over objects that resemble a regular polygon with an even number of sides. The list of advantages of a hipped roof includes all kinds of advantages of hipped roof structures.

They are economical and have excellent weather resistance. True, the hipped roof truss system is built according to special rules. They should be studied by home craftsmen who want to work in the field of an independent roofer.

Envelope roof - the second name of the tent structure, reflecting its configuration in the plan. The construction of the tent frame is carried out according to the rules that regulate, but in compliance with its own specifics. The design completely lacks a skate as such. Its function is performed by the central support, at the top of which all the supporting truss elements converge.

Geometrically, a hipped roof is made up of four or more isosceles triangles. The bases of the triangles rest on the walls through mauerlat, top crowns or leveling boards. The vertices either lean against the support pillar, or rest against each other.

The choice of construction method

By analogy with pitched roofs, two types of rafter legs are used in the hipped structure:

• Layered - rafters with two reliable supports in the upper and lower parts. The use of layered rafter legs is possible if there is an inner wall in the equipped box, on which the central support is erected. Instead of a wall, a support pole can be used, installed on a basement or attic reinforced concrete floor.
• Hanging - rafters with only one lower support. They are installed if the equipped box does not have an inner wall, and the installation of the central pillar is impractical.

The choice of a layered or hanging type of rafters determines the method of installing elements of other structural details.

Most often, in the field of arranging truss systems for hipped roofs over private houses, layered technology is used. The hanging circuit is more difficult to install and inconvenient to repair. Some of its components are interdependent, therefore, when replacing damaged elements, it is often necessary to dismantle undamaged parts at the same time.

Diagonal and short rafters

The corners of the box and the top of the tent structure are connected by diagonal or otherwise oblique ones, they are also corner rafters - mandatory participants in the construction of hipped roofs. These are the longest and most loaded elements of the truss system. It is on them that the shortened rafters are based - the sprigs, which form the planes of the triangular slopes of the four-pitched roofs - the hips. If the length of the diagonal rafter is more than 4.5 m, it is constructed from two boards sewn with a meter-long piece of a similar material. In general, according to the rules, it is customary to initially make slanted legs from a double-sewn board, intended for the manufacture of central hip rafter legs and sprigs.

The width of the board from which it is planned to build a frame for an insulated roof is calculated taking into account the formation of a ventilation gap of 2-3 cm. It should be formed between the upper plane of the slope formed by the truss frame and the thermal insulation slabs. For example, if the thickness of the insulation is 125mm, then the width of the board should be 150mm, etc. If the dimensions of the material offered on the market or in the building market do not allow creating a ventilation gap of the required dimensions, then a counter-lattice from a bar is nailed to the rafters from the outside.

Additional supports for sloping elements

To increase the rigidity of the structure and prevent sagging of long oblique legs, additional supports are installed under them. The number and type of additional supports depends on the size of the span covered by the diagonal leg:

• At a distance of up to 7.5 m, only the brace located in the upper part of the span ensures the rigidity of the diagonal leg.
• At a distance of 7.5 to 9 m, in addition to the strut, a support is also installed in the lower part, located at a distance of about a quarter of the span from the extreme point. As an additional support, either ordinary racks made of timber, or T-shaped truss trusses turned upside down are used.
• At a distance of more than 9 m, another additional support is installed in the center, which building codes allow to install only on a reinforced concrete floor.

Struts are installed at an arbitrary angle from 45º to 53º, trusses, truss trusses and racks are strictly vertical.

Options for solving the “ridge” knot

In the construction of frames for hipped roofs, of course, ridge runs are not used. In the prevailing number of cases, the diagonal rafters and the central legs of the hips are supported by cuttings on a single supporting pillar. The only top support for the tent, in turn, also has three support options:

• On the bottom cover. This is not the most popular method, taking up part of the usable space and determining the characteristic orders in the design. Often it is used in the device of summer arbors, which allows you to use a massive supporting pole for arranging a common table around it, for example.
• On a floor beam laid on an internal load-bearing wall. Most often, in low-rise construction, it is this option that appears as the most rational. Sometimes a bed is laid on a beam, to which it is more reasonable to attach struts so as not to weaken the overlap.
• On the upper heels of the central hip rafters connected by corners. With the specified connection method, a spacer can be transmitted to the Mauerlat. Therefore, each hip is equipped with a crossbar.

Typical methods for constructing a truss system with or without support under a hipped roof are shown in the photo and diagrams:

The nuances of installing sprockets

The lower attachment point of the shortened rafters - the sprigs is arranged by analogy with the nodes of the central hip legs. If they are installed using layered technology, one should not deviate from the principle. The upper support on the diagonal element is performed in different ways:

• By cutting into a solid beam used for the installation of a slanting rafter leg.
• Through leaning on an auxiliary bar nailed along the lower edge of the diagonal.
• By means of a banal surf with two or three nails of 82 mm in size, if there are no increased requirements for strength indicators for sprigs.

The most reasonable installation is considered to be through a support bar nailed flush with the bottom edge of the sloping. And the strength indicators of the diagonal leg will not suffer, and the installation of the sprigs will take place at a faster pace. In addition, it will not be necessary to observe the run-out of shortened rafters during marking and installation. But when fastening with cuts, the upper heels of the sprigs are forbidden to converge at one or at closely spaced points.

The installation step of both standard and shortened rafters of an insulated roof is usually equal to the width. However, if the upper nodes are fastened with nails or notches, it is permissible to change the pitch in order to shift the upper heels of adjacent slopes relative to each other.

An example of a hipped roof construction

We got acquainted with the intricacies of building a tent rafter system and variations on its theme, now we will consider the process directly with a detailed study of the stages. The basis for the construction will be a box with dimensions of 10 × 10m with a load-bearing inner wall in the middle.

Before work, we arrange the Mauerlat around the perimeter so that it lies flush with the inner contour of the box. We lay it on the inner partition. Along the outer contour of the brick wall, a one-brick rim is constructed, which is necessary to compensate for expansion. Between themselves, the bars of the Mauerlat wooden frame are connected by an oblique cut, duplicated with screws, bolts or nails. Corner joints are reinforced with brackets, they are also used to connect the frame to the walls. According to the installed Mauerlat, the lower nodes of the truss system are marked.

On top of the Mauerlat aligned with the horizon, floor beams are laid, the central part of which rests on the load-bearing wall. If one length of the beam is not enough for the installation of a solid beam, the joining of the two elements is located directly above the load-bearing internal partition. Short beams are attached to the ends of the beams with a pitch corresponding to the project, forming overhangs over the second pair of box walls. They are fastened to the extreme bars from the opposite side on a nail or a strong rod like a king pin, and the inner corners of the extensions are duplicated with corners of the LK type.

Installation of support and hip rafters

The construction of the truss frame under the hipped roof is carried out in three standard stages. During the first of them, the support post and the central hip rafters are installed.

We will build the starting bearing part of the truss system as follows:

• We install the design height rack right in the center of the ceiling. For the manufacture of the rack we use a bar 150 × 150mm. Before fastening, we check the verticality of a very important part with a plumb line. If all is well, fasten with nails and staples. So that during the construction process the central support does not warp, we fix it additionally with a pair of temporary struts.
• We make a rafter template according to the layered method. We try on the board to the floor beam and to the installed support. To support the upper heel, a notch 5 cm deep will be made. Therefore, to determine the exact line of the lower saw cut, you need to put a bar of the same thickness on the beam, so that with its help, without too much trouble, you can immediately draw everything you need.
• According to the template, we make only two opposite rafters, which should rest against each other with the upper cuts. We mount them and fasten them with one nail so that they do not disturb during work.
• We follow a proven path in the manufacture and installation of rafter legs located in a cross-mounted pair. Their upper saw cut must rest against the end of the connection of the first rafters.
• After installation, the legs are sewn together with nails or connected using metal corners.

The first part of the work requires increased attention and control to the dimensions, horizontal and vertical directions. If in the process of its production everything is arranged perfectly, then it will be much easier. Nothing to customize, fix and do each element separately will not be necessary. Convinced of the impeccability of the construction of the first part of the truss system, we nail the cornice board along the perimeter.

Installation of diagonal rafters

Before installing the rafter legs, the roof is broken down with a cord. It is stretched from the top of the central post to the corners formed by the cornice board. Focusing on the projection from the laces in the corner segments of the roof, we try on, manufacture and install short corner beams. To do this, a piece of timber that is suitable in length, which was used for the overlap device, is applied from above to the unfilled corner space. Having settled down from below, we outline the lines of the upcoming cuts. We fasten the corner extensions to the Mauerlat and adjacent floor beams with nails and metal corners.

We proceed to the manufacture and installation of diagonal rafter legs:

• We select any of the corners of the mounted part of the frame and at its top literally by the method of "manual" selection, but with the help of a tape measure we find a place equal to twice the thickness of the rafter board. We mark it with a pencil.
• We apply to the top of our “pyramid” a piece of board with dimensions equal to the cross section of the material used in the manufacture of the central hip rafters. One of the edges of the trim should run exactly along the lace. We draw a line of a vertical cut and execute it.
• Using a construction goniometer, we measure the angles between adjacent already installed rafters. The result obtained should be divided in half, because. in the corner you need to place an element sewn from two boards.
• Sawing under the angle obtained as a result of dividing the edge of the trimming board on the right or left vertically. As a result, we got a template for the upper node of the diagonal rafter. If earlier everything was done flawlessly, then the sawn off piece can serve seven more times. If not, it will still serve, but with some adjustments and adjustments in place.
• Having put together or temporarily stitched the two upper templates with a nail, you need to try again and mark the location of the notch in fact if the lower edge of the diagonal rafter crosses the edge of the rack. If a notch is not required for its installation, it is easier to make sure of this in advance than to fiddle with fittings on the roof later.
• At the bottom, we again apply a piece of board to the lace, aligning its edge with our stretched guideline. The matched edge must follow the central axis of the offset. We mark the line of the lower gash. We correct the edge vertically, according to the "indications" of the cornice board.
• Similarly, we are working on the production of a mirror-folded lower pair.
• Using the templates, we make both parts of the diagonal rafter leg, which, after installation, must be sewn together in increments of 30-40 cm in a run.

If the length of the span covered by the rafter is more than 4.5 m, it is obviously made of four parts. Sew, for example, the right side with the top gash and the left side with the bottom gash. After they are installed in place, the missing parts are sewn right on the object.

Following the described algorithm, three more braids are manufactured and installed. Having completed the fixation of the diagonal legs, the struts and supports are installed in accordance with the technological requirements described above.

Manufacturing and installation of sprockets

The central hip rafters are already showing off in the right place. It remains to fill in some kind of triangles between the diagonal and central hip legs. The lower heel of the short rafters will rest on the take-out and on the beams, the upper part on the rafters.

By analogy, we make templates with a lower and upper gash. We measure the length of the elements in fact, according to the dimensions and template information, we make sprigs and install them. It remains to arrange the crate, on which it is made, profiled flooring, slate or other type of coating.

Roof envelope for gazebo

There are many more options for using tent technology than it might seem to an unenlightened person in the roofing business. As an interesting example, available for independent implementation, consider the method of constructing a two-tier roof over a summerhouse. The design is non-trivial, but not too complicated.

In fact, another four-pitched miniature rises above the main rafter system of a conventional hipped roof. Only the sequence of work is somewhat different:

• First of all, diagonal rafter legs are installed.
• Then, at the design height, double lintels are mounted, which perform the work of the crossbars of the truss trusses and the base for the installation of the upper hipped dome. In terms of lintels, they should form a square with clearly symmetrical sides.
• The central rafters of the hips are attached at the top to the lintels, at the bottom to the Mauerlat, in the described case, to the strapping of the veranda.
• Without much regard for the weakening of the future truss system, the installation points of the sprigs are marked. Although they have to be fastened with nails, the light construction will not be too much harmed by the adjoining of the upper saw cuts of the sprigs to the diagonals in one or a nearby place.
• The template for making the lower cut can be made one for the entire hip. For an impeccable building, it can be generally in the singular. There will be several templates for the upper cuts: for the rafters adjacent to the jumpers, for the legs adjacent to the junction points of the jumpers with the diagonals, and for the elements attached to the diagonals, the cuts will be different.

The dome is easier to make on the ground, and then lift it up. In the given example, the tent miniature has frame walls, which it is desirable to cover with a fine metal or polymer mesh. Can be sheathed with light-conducting panels.

This is not the only way to build a custom roof with an envelope. How else can you build a hipped roof truss system for a gazebo, a training video will tell you:

Within one article, it is difficult to describe all the possible options for constructing roofs with a tented envelope. We have described only the general principles that should be followed in the construction of truss frames for all such roofs. Using technological principles, you can independently design a truss system for your favorite suburban property and successfully implement plans.

Hip roofs are used both for low-rise residential buildings and for various outbuildings. Most often, they are built over buildings that have equilateral load-bearing walls, and the foundation plan is of a square type. You can also find such architectural elements above round structures, in which case the number of slopes is more than four.

The main difference between a hipped roof is the complete absence of a ridge. This is a very important part of the truss systems, it takes on the efforts of the rafter legs. The function of this element is assigned to the central support, at the top of which the rafters converge. In this regard, great attention should be paid to its strength. There are options for truss systems without a central support, the upper heels of the rafter legs rest against each other. Such options are most often used on small buildings. All slopes of the tent system are in the form of equilateral triangles.

A hipped roof has many manufacturing options, but everyone must have the following elements.

Types of truss systems, advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof

Table. The main types of tent truss system.

Benefits of a hipped truss system

The disadvantages include the complexity in the manufacture of the truss system. A hipped roof has a large number of different nodes and elements, each of which can have a negative impact on stability indicators. Another drawback is the difficulty in converting attic spaces into residential ones; such options for truss systems are extremely rarely used for attics. Sometimes the disadvantages include increased consumption of roofing materials, but this depends not so much on the features of the rafter system, but on the professionalism of the roofers.

Bar prices

General tips for building hipped roof truss systems

Specific decisions are made by the master, taking into account the dimensions and design features of the hipped roof. But for all cases, there are general recommendations, the implementation of which guarantees the stability of the structure.

Additional stops for slanted rafters

The top of the tent system

Very complex from a technological point of view and the most responsible node from an architectural point of view. It has two solutions: rafter legs rest on one support installed in the center of the building, or against each other. The first option provides maximum structural stability, but its installation requires a rigid support. The best option - in the middle of the building there is a load-bearing wall. An acceptable option - during the construction of the ceiling, reinforced beams or beds are provided. When calculating the parameters, the maximum possible roof loads must be taken into account and a safety factor applied.

The use of the connection only in the upper heels of the rafters without vertical support is used only on small structures. At the same time, a complex of special construction measures is used to increase the rigidity of the structure.

Narozhniki

They can be fixed using special bottom stops, directly to the rafters or in a mixed way. Modern technologies make it possible to fix the sprigs without cutting, which not only strengthens the rafter system, but also greatly simplifies the work.

The design solutions of a hipped roof, especially without a central support, significantly increase the expansion loads on the mauerlat. This situation requires its strengthening, all nodes must be built according to accurate calculations and with unconditional observance of building codes.

And, finally, a general recommendation - if you do not have serious practical experience in the construction of ordinary pitched truss systems, then it is absolutely not worth taking on a tent. This is one of the most complex truss systems, all its elements are so interconnected and interdependent that the violation of the stability of one becomes the cause of the complete destruction of the roof. The tent truss structure does not have completely identical elements; everyone needs to be approached individually.

Prices for building boards

Building boards

Calculation of the tent structure

First, consider the algorithm for calculating the main values ​​of the system. We take into account that the roof has four slopes, each of which is an equilateral triangle. The angle of inclination of the slopes is selected depending on the coverage area and the climatic zone of the object location. Taking into account the climatic zone in the tables of building codes and rules, the minimum allowable angle of inclination of the slopes is selected.

The length of the central rafter depends on the angle of inclination and is determined by the well-known formula of a right triangle. First you need to find the length of the diagonal, this is done by calculation or by ordinary measurement. The second method is easier, use a tape measure to find this value.

We have an angle of inclination of the slopes, find the tangent on the Internet, multiply it by the length of half of the leg and the result will be the height of the vertical support of the hipped roof. Next, you should calculate the length of the rafter. It is calculated using several formulas, the simplest of which is the Pythagorean theorem: c2=a2+b2, where:

c - the length of the rafter;

a - half of the leg of the structure;

b is the height of the vertical support.

Hence - the length of the rafter is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the indicated values. That's all, if it's difficult to do it yourself, then there are a large number of online calculators on the Internet. After entering the data, not only the dimensions of the system elements are given, but also their number is calculated.

The hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Building your own house in a backyard or in a village involves installing a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

A hipped roof is considered a classic version of a pitched roof that is resistant to wind and snow.

The design of the hip roof resembles a tent. You should know that the installation of such a roof can be done independently. To do this, you will need to make the right calculation. It is important to have at least the slightest idea about the design of the rafters of a private house. The roof is fixed in the same way as on other roofs.

The scheme of the frame structure of the hipped roof is shown in Fig. one.

A hipped roof can have many slopes or be round, it is only important to observe symmetry. In appearance, the design resembles a tent. Such products do not have gables, which makes it possible to significantly save on materials in the process of construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof

If you wish, you can make a hip roof with your own hands on any building. However, the preferred option is when the base of a private house is made in the form of a square.

The main advantage of a hipped roof of this type is aerodynamics, which is able to protect the building from constant winds. Air flows will go along the slopes without causing harm and without getting into the attic.

Figure 1. Scheme of the frame structure of a hipped roof: 1 - corner rafter; 2 - short rafters; 3 - ridge beam; 4 - central intermediate rafters; 5 - intermediate rafters.

The significant disadvantages are the following:

1. Complex frame structure.
2. Small attics. The area is equal to the area of ​​​​the ceiling, but the usable volume is small.

A standard hipped roof is a pyramid with a rectangular or square base. In the first case, it is planned to install 4 triangular slopes, and in the second - 2 triangular and 2 trapezoidal. All slopes can rest on the walls of a private house or go beyond them.

The scheme of the roof of a private house is simple, its calculation can be done in several ways. The hipped roof is constructed using the Pythagorean table. It is very easy to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes and hips, however, it will take a lot of time to calculate the placement of the rafter legs.

First of all, you will need to independently assemble the frame structure. After that, the installation of a four-pitched or gable roof is carried out. You should know that the device of the rafter system in this case will not be easy.

Nuances to consider

In order for the roof to be made correctly, the following rules must be observed:

1. In the process of constructing the ridge system and rafters, the same type of wood should be used.
2. Intermediate rails must have a strong slope, so their minimum size is 150x50 mm.
3. Elements of short length are attached to the details of the rafters, which are placed in the corners. It is not allowed to fasten short parts to the ridge rail.
4. In the design, you need to use intermediate rafter legs, which are located in the central part of the product. They are mounted on a ridge rail.
5. These elements must be rested on the upper part of the harness and on the ridge rail. To perform the installation yourself, you will need to imagine the frame structure and prepare a drawing.

Installation of a hipped roof truss system.

It is important to consider the following nuances:

1. The skate must be the bearing axle.
2. As the power components of the truss system, slats will be used, one part of which should protrude outside the private house, and the other should be fixed on the ridge.
3. The central rafter legs must be fixed at the ends of the ridge and brought to all walls.
4. Intermediate rafter legs should depart from the ridge.

Elements that need to be prepared in order to build a hipped roof with your own hands:

• jigsaw;
• a hammer;
• self-tapping screws;
• drill;
• bars and slats;
• roofing material;
• metal staples (can be made independently from a 9-10 mm bar).

The sequence of steps for the manufacture of a hipped roof

The roof must be installed before the ceiling is installed. First of all, a bar should be laid along the perimeter of the building (over the walls) in order to distribute the weight throughout the base. As a bar, you can use a beam made of wood or metal. The element is called Mauerlat. It can be fixed with special studs. Next, you need to perform the following actions:

Hinged roof markings.

1. First of all, the axis is marked along the upper trim. You need to mark from the end of the building.
2. Next, you need to calculate ½ of the thickness of the ridge rail and mark the place of installation of the initial element of the rafter system.
3. After that, the measuring bar must be attached to the marked line and mark the installation site of the intermediate rafter leg.
4. The placement of the remaining elements of the rafters must be calculated by moving the plank along the side wall and marking the location of each rafter leg.
5. Actions must be repeated with other angles.

In the process of preparing a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to use several types of trusses. These are the slopes of an ordinary farm, which are fastened in a ridge. Additionally, you can use the side triangular rafter legs. When installing them, attention must be paid to the absence of discrepancies in the length and inclination of these parts. They must be clearly calibrated for all parties. The length of the overhang should be chosen based on the features of the building. The maximum value is 1 m.

To increase the strength of the tent structure, a cross beam can be used during installation, which strengthens the central truss system.

How to calculate a hipped roof?

You will need to prepare a rail for measurements. It can be built from ordinary plywood. The width of the element should be 5 cm. It is also necessary to prepare a table of the relationship between the placement of the rafters and their length. It can be seen in fig. 2.

Figure 2. Calculation of a hipped roof.

The plank needs to measure the projection of the intermediate rafter leg. According to the table, find the required slope and multiply the data.

The calculation of the length of the overhang of the rafters is performed in the same way. You will need to multiply the horizontal projection by a factor. This data can also be obtained using the Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c².

On the one hand, all rafter legs have an oblique cut, which is needed to attach to the ridge rail. The calculation of the corner rafter is performed as follows:

1. From the corner it is necessary to measure the length of the rafter.
2. To determine the length of the corner piece, the resulting value must be multiplied by the coefficient contained in the table.

Next, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hips is calculated. To facilitate the calculations, you need to represent the slope in the form of triangles. After that, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe trapezoid of the lateral base of the roof is calculated. Then the calculation of the roof is performed.

Roof frame structure

First of all, you need to install the verticals for the ridge rail. Next, diagonal rafters are installed. After that, the installation of slanting and rafter legs is carried out. The installation step of the elements is 60 cm. They should be fixed by cutting to the ridge. The notch can be built with a power tool. The bars should not touch the Mauerlat fixation points.

The device of a hipped roof made of metal tiles or other material can be performed using diagonal rafter legs of the following types:

1. Hanging elements that rest on the walls and create a bursting force horizontally. It is advisable to use them in the absence of internal partitions.
2. Layered elements that rely not only on the walls, but also on the supporting parts.

In frame structures made of wood, the entire system of rafters will be based on the upper trim of the base of a private house, and in log cabins - on the upper crowns of the structure. In brick houses, it is customary to use a Mauerlat or a bar as supporting elements, which is laid on pre-prepared walls. Preparatory work is reduced to leveling the base of the upper row of masonry and pouring with a screed. In some cases, in order to more securely tie the Mauerlat, embedded parts are mounted in this base.

Support bars and beds are installed on top of the structure around the entire perimeter.

Between the brickwork and the Mauerlat, you will need to lay the material for waterproofing.

Strengthening the roof will depend on the dimensions of the building. You will need to install an additional sprengel, on which the rack is fixed. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is very large, then double slats should be used for the diagonals.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: scheme

The hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Building your own house in a backyard or in a village involves installing a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

Hipped roof: roof project and its design and project

At one of the stages of the project for the construction of a private house outside the city, you will think about the shape of the roof. Hip or hipped roof is the most popular at the present time. Its appearance and design resemble a tent. This roof has its pros and cons. For the installation and installation of this roof, you do not have to hire specialists.

You can easily assemble the roof frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have an idea about the design and mechanism of the truss system at home. It must be remembered that the roof is attached in the same way as other structures. For more confidence, you can call an assistant.

The main advantage of the hipped roof design is aerodynamics, it resists strong gusty winds. Air currents will go along the slopes without causing harm, and without even going into the attic.

The main disadvantage of such a roof is a complex frame, its sheet installation and the fact that attic rooms are very small. Of course, the area of ​​​​the attic is equal to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe ceiling, but the usable volume of the room is very small.

The classic hipped roof mechanism is a special pyramid with a square or rectangular base. Triangular and trapezoidal slopes, as a rule, rest on the walls of the house or go beyond them.

The main scheme of the hipped roof of the house is quite simple, and it can be calculated in various ways. The hipped roof is installed using the system and the Pythagorean table. And it will not be difficult for you to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes and hips, but calculating the location and installation of slanting and ordinary rafters takes a lot of time.

The construction of a hipped roof begins with the assembly of the frame. After that, the roof is attached. The mechanism of the truss system is quite complex. Below we consider in more detail how to make a frame, make a calculation and make a roof.

Basic rules for the construction of a hipped roof

The manufacture and installation of the roof follows the following rules:

1. For the construction of the ridge system and rafters, the same wood and material are used.
2. Intermediate boards have a steeper angle of inclination, and their size must be at least 50x150 mm.
3. Short parts and elements are attached to the corner components of the rafters, and not to the ridge board.
4. During construction, intermediate central rafters fixed on a ridge board are used in the structure.
5. And they should rest against the upper end of the strapping or against the ridge board.

The following elements of a hipped roof should be fixed on the drawing:

1. the central part of the structure - the ridge, is the bearing axis;
2. sloping rafters - power components of the rafter system, one end will protrude outside the house, and the other - mounted on a ridge;
3. rafters of the central type are attached to the ends of the ridge and are displayed on all walls;
4. intermediate rafters extending from the ridge should go strictly along the slopes;

Do-it-yourself hipped roof

At the beginning of work, a beam is laid around the entire perimeter of the house for a more even distribution of the mass over the entire surface. It is also called Mauerlat. It must be fixed to the wall of the house with the help of special studs. Next, you need to do the following:

• mark the axis from the end of the frame house along the upper trim;
• calculate half the thickness of the ridge beam and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system;
• attach one end of the measuring rail to the marked line and mark the place of the intermediate rafter;
• to calculate the overhang of the rafters, one end of the beam must be placed on the overhang of the roof, and the other - at an angle on the outside of the wall of the house;
• you can calculate the location of other elements of the central type rafters by moving the rail along the side wall of the house and marking the position of each rafter;
• the same is repeated at the other corners;
• you can buy roofing materials in special hardware stores. To date, the market offers a wide selection of roofing materials of optimal quality at an affordable price.

Calculation of hipped roof elements

For this calculation, you will need a special measuring rail. It is made from standard plywood 5 cm wide. There is a special table of ratios of the length and location of the rafters.

Thanks to these data, which are presented in detail in the table, the length of the leg of the rafters is the product of the intermediate or angular coefficient of its projection. To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to use this table. Consider an example of calculating the roof of a roof, you measured the horizontal projection of intermediate-type rafters using a rail.

According to the table, you will find the angle of inclination that suits your case, and multiply the data.

You can calculate the length of the overhang of the rafters in the same way. You need to multiply the horizontal projection by a certain factor. Also, these data can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem for a right triangle using the formula: a2+b2=c2. Where a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.

Corner elements

All rafters have an oblique cut on one side, which is necessary for attaching to the ridge beam. The skate has a special undercut with a double bevel for a more secure fixation of parts and elements in the corners of the house.

And the calculation of the rafters of the angular type is as follows:

• from the corner you need to measure the full length of the rafters;
• its projection will be the product of the squares of the lengths of the truss central projections.

The resulting number must be multiplied by the coefficient indicated in the table, and the length of the corner rafter will be obtained.

Then the area of ​​\u200b\u200btriangular slopes is calculated. They are also calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. To simplify the calculations, you need to represent the slope in the form of two right triangles. Next, calculate the area of ​​the trapezoid of the side surface of the roof of the house using the formula.

And at the very end we calculate the roof. The indicators of all areas must be summed up, and the minimum roof area will be obtained.

Tools and building materials

You can build a tent structure of the standard type, either elongated to one side or in the form of a truncated pyramid.

Do-it-yourself frame installation

Initially, verticals for the ridge beam are mounted. After that, the installation of diagonal rafters of the same length begins.

Next comes the installation of rafters, and then ordinary ones with a certain step of 60 cm, which are fixed with a cut to the ridge and Mauerlat. You can make a cut both with your own hands and with a special power tool.

Then, sprigs are fixed on the diagonal guides, for a bunch of sloping beams and Mauerlat at a certain angle relative to the roof ridge.

An important point, in no case should the ordinary bars touch the connection points of the Mauerlat.

Strengthening the roof will directly depend on the dimensions of the house. An additional sprengel is laid, i.e. beam between adjacent sides of the rafters. And already a rack or a truss truss is installed on it. With a very large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, double beams are used for the diagonals. A gable roof and a single-pitched roof are mounted in a similar way.

Hipped roof: roof project and its design and project

Do-it-yourself hipped roof construction. What materials and tools for the roof you need to buy. Step-by-step guide to roof and roof construction + video

Do-it-yourself hipped roof

The hipped roof structure consists of triangular slopes. As a rule, the number of slopes is four, but if desired, the owner can change their number. The main thing is that the finished design is reliable and symmetrical.

Outwardly, such a roof structure looks like a tent, for which it got its name. As part of the roof there are no gables, which makes it possible to further save on building and finishing roofing materials. With proper arrangement, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

The arrangement of a hipped roof requires the performer to have special knowledge and skills. With the construction of a hipped roof structure, you can handle it yourself. The main thing is to correctly perform the necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each event.

Necessary calculations

Before you go to the store for the required materials, familiarize yourself with the calculation procedure and draw up a roofing project that is suitable for your particular case.

Traditionally, the composition of the considered roof includes 4 inclined slopes.

If the base of the structure is in the shape of a regular square, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​​​one roof slope by 4.

hipped roof frame

However, if the base of the system has the form of a rectangle, then first you need to determine the total value of the areas of two different rectangles, and then double the resulting number.

To establish the area of ​​​​the roof slope, which is an isosceles triangle, it is necessary to multiply the length of the base of the figure by the value of its height, and then double the resulting number.

When performing calculations, you need to find out the value of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bcornice overhangs that have the shape of isosceles trapezoids. This calculation is done by multiplying the height of the figure by exactly 50% of the value of the sum of the lengths of the bases of the trapezoid figure.

Calculation of hipped roofing system can be performed in two ways. The first involves the calculation using the height of the ridge and the length of the base of the roof structure. In accordance with the second method of calculation, it is necessary to take into account the value of the length of the diagonal rafter element, as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, in the calculation process, it is imperative to pay attention to the parameters of various additional components that make up the roof structure. These elements include:

The angle of inclination and the length of the rafters

To make the principle of calculation more clear, we offer you a simple example of the implementation of the main calculation activities. Initial data:

• dimensions of the house - 6x6 m;
• diagonal rafter length - 521 cm;
• skate height - 297 cm;
• slope of roof slopes - 35 degrees;
• the width of the eaves overhang is 600 mm.

Using the first of the two methods mentioned earlier, determine the height of the roofing triangle. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, according to which, to calculate the square of the height, you need to subtract half the width of the base, also squared, from the value of the square of the length of the roof slope.

In this example, the calculation will show that the square of the height is 4.24 m squared. Using a simple formula, you can determine that the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone triangular slope will be 12.72 m 2.

Due to the fact that the base of the roof is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated value of the area must be increased by 4 times. As a result, you will determine the total area of ​​\u200b\u200broofing slopes, which in this example is 50.88 m 2.

Determine the area of ​​the cornice light. You already know the length of the shorter base of the trapezoid figure - 6 m. To establish the length of the larger base, you need to use the simplest form that is relevant for such figures.

Four-pitched roof (hipped)

In accordance with the calculations, the length of the larger base will be 704 cm, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe figure as a result will be 4.76 m 2.

To set the total area of ​​​​overhangs, multiply the value calculated in the previous step by 4.

As a result, the total amount of the hipped roof structure will be 69.91 m 2.

What you need to know about the rafter system?

The hipped roof structure can be built using a layered or hanging system. The final version is selected in accordance with the conditions of a particular situation.

For example, it is rather difficult to cope with the installation of hanging rafters with your own hands, and it will take an irrational amount of time to repair such a structure. Such rafters are usually equipped in situations where there are no internal walls in the house, and the rafters can rely solely on the load-bearing walls of the structure.

Laminated rafters are simpler and more financially profitable in the arrangement. The system is placed on the middle load-bearing wall, as well as intermediate support pillars fixed on a reinforced concrete base.

Laminated rafters are most often used in the installation of four-pitched roof structures with a slope of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose the right support option for the roof truss system. If the house is frame, the roof must be supported on the upper trim. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the Mauerlat performs the function of support, and when arranging the roof of a house from a log house, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal section of the rafter legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

• installation step of the elements of the truss system;
• slope of roof slopes;
• estimated snow, wind and other loads;
• span, etc.

It is important to know the basic parameters of the elements of a tent-type roof structure.

So, if the rafter legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-135 cm. The optimal log diameter for this situation is 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the rafters need to be supported on the extreme hanging truss, then the principle of creating the attachment point depends on the section of the side rafter legs

If the rafter legs have a length in the range from 300 to 400 cm, they must be fixed at a distance of 140-170 cm. To equip such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or boards with dimensions of 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length of 400-500 cm, they must be fixed in increments of 110-135 cm, using logs with a diameter of 200 mm, as well as boards with dimensions of 200x80 mm, to equip the structure.

When arranging a rafter system from elements no longer than 650 cm long, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-140 cm, using logs with a diameter of 240 mm or boards with dimensions of 220x120 mm to equip the structure.

For arranging runs, use a 100x50 mm beam or logs with a diameter of 160 mm.

Mauerlat is traditionally built from a bar 100x50 mm or a log with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, crossbars and struts are made of timber with a section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafter legs have exactly the same length, and the sprigs are docked apart.

The most common slope of hipped roof structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finishing roofing material, the slope may vary somewhat. The dependency is the following:

• when using tiles, the slope is maintained within 30-60 degrees;
• when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestos cement, the slope will be in the range from 14 to 60 degrees;
• when using roll materials, the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

Roof installation procedure

The process of arranging a hipped roof includes several stages.

First stage

Draw up a design project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with the recommendations given earlier.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials, taking into account the dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Third stage

Lay the Mauerlat along the entire length of the building. Rafter legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of brick, it is best to lay the Mauerlat on the inside of the walls. In this case, a moisture-proof material must be laid between the Mauerlat and the wall. Roofing material is often used for waterproofing. So that the rafter legs do not sag, you need to mount the grate with the appropriate parameters.

If the house is built of wood, in most cases the upper part of the log house can handle the functions of the Mauerlat.

Fourth stage

Install a rafter support (purlin) at the top of the truss structure. The support beam must be placed parallel to the Mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Perform the installation of diagonal braces, braces and braces.

For the manufacture of diagonal ties, boards of 250-450 mm are usually used. They must be nailed to the base of the rafter leg.

You need to equip the planned number of ramps (usually 4). At this stage, work according to the drawings you have.

Sixth stage

Insulate the roof. First, a waterproofing material is attached, a heater is placed under it, and a membrane vapor barrier film is placed under the heater.

Lathing on roof valleys and ridges

In conclusion, you will only have to lay the desired finishing roofing material and install all sorts of additional elements such as gutters, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of the hipped roof structure, you know in what order the system is calculated, what its main elements should be, and in what sequence the roof is directly arranged. Follow the instructions, while focusing on the provisions of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof - calculations and installation!

Learn how to build a hipped roof with your own hands. A detailed guide to the calculation and installation of the roofing system. Photo + video.

Fashion trend - designing the roofs of buildings in the form of pyramids

Has sacred knowledge reached the “masses”?

I doubt. This is not KNOWLEDGE, but following the “fashion”.

Architects simply look for “their style”, create a “name”.

Actually rooftop pyramids Please DO NOT USE!!!

Best case scenario such a pyramid will be "off". And at worst ... People in such a building you have to learn a lot about yourself…

The author-architect DOES NOT UNDERSTAND the issues of metaphysics. how is he set up pyramid? For what he her creates ? The motivation and competence of the "author" decide a lot.

Who and from what subtle plans will “work” with his creation?

Can the pyramid neutralize all electromagnetic fields in a building, which tend upwards with a geomagnetic flow, so that after that they can begin to form their own energy?

Why does the Universe need to spend colossal resources to neutralize all side effects, if this pyramid is only decor element, but by no means Tool for the interaction of Man with Life and himself…

In addition, architects often design either "correct" pyramids (a pyramid in which all the edges and sides of the base are equal), or narrow and high. If we take into account the focus on productive interaction with the human mind, then it is necessary to consider pyramidal structures built in proportion to the Great Egyptian Pyramid. Only this proportion 3,1415 , - yes, the well-known Pi) attuned to the consciousness of humanity of our type (not primitive and not developed, but developing), as well as to the dimension of our reality .

The pyramid is good and useful either at home version for your own use, or in a neutral environment for larger work.

Out from under my hands more than a dozen pyramidal structures. There are both domestic small and medium sizes, and "suburban" of different heights, designed to perform various tasks. They serve their purpose perfectly. And that suits me just fine. Even more than satisfied. Because it is these conditions created by me, IDEAL FOR PYRAMIDS .

At the same time, the desire to make the roof of my country house in the shape of a pyramid does not arise in me for a moment ( for home optimization can successfully use other possibilities of sacred geometry )…

Hipped roofs have all the advantages of roof structures with four pitched planes. They resist all environmental attacks well, and are very economical. However, hipped roof truss systems are equipped using special requirements and construction techniques. They need to be known to novice builders who want to build such a roof on their own.

Features of rafter systems of hipped roofs

Hip roofs are also called "envelope roofing", which displays their configuration on the drawings. For the construction of a hipped frame, roofing technologies with four pitched surfaces are used, but with certain specifics of their own. Such roofs completely lack the ridge upper beam and gables. Functionally, the ridge beam is replaced by a central pillar (support), in the upper part of which all the main supporting parts of the rafter system converge.

Geometrically, a hipped roof consists of 4 or more isosceles triangular planes. The lower parts of these planes rest on the walls through Mauerlat bars / logs. The vertices either rest against the central pillar (support), or against each other.

Types of designs of truss systems of hipped roofs - schemes

As for conventional roofs with one / two pitched planes, 2 types of rafters are used for the construction of a hipped frame:

• layered - which use 2 reliable supports in their upper and lower parts. The use of such rafters is possible if the constructed housing construction has an inner wall on which a central support bar is installed. Instead of a wall, in any buildings a support column can be installed, which rests with its lower part on attic / basement floor slabs made of reinforced concrete;
• hanging - using only a support in their lower part. Such rafters are installed when the building does not have an internal supporting wall, and it is impossible to place the supporting column in the center.

Important: the choice of the type of rafters - layered or hanging, is determined by the subsequent installation technology of other elements of the rafter system.

The layered technology of mounting rafters in the truss systems of hipped roofs is used more often. The hanging structure is more difficult to arrange and it is inconvenient to repair it, since some of its parts are interdependent, and when replacing damaged parts, undamaged elements must be dismantled.

Hip roof rafters: shortened and diagonal

The corner parts of the housing construction and the upper part of the tent-type roof are connected by sloping / diagonal rafters - an obligatory detail of roofs with four pitched planes. They are the longest and most loaded parts of such a truss structure. Then shortened rafters, called sprigs, rely on them. These elements form the triangular surfaces of the slopes of such a roof - a hip. When the length of the diagonal rafter exceeds 4.5 m, it is made from 2 boards sewn together with 1 m of a piece of the same wooden building material as the rafters themselves. The board from which the rafter frame of the insulated roof will be built must have a sufficient width, taking into account the future ventilation gap of 3 cm. It is formed by the upper pitched surface of the rafter system and heat-insulating elements. When commercially available building materials do not provide the required ventilation gap, then a bar counter-lattice structure is attached to the outer parts of the rafters.

Additional support parts for braided parts

To increase the strength of the hipped roof frame and prevent sagging of very long sloping rafters, additional supporting parts are placed under them. The type and number of such additional supports directly depends on the length of the span covered by the diagonal rafter:

• for a length of 7.5 m or less, the rigidity of the diagonal type rafter will provide a brace placed at the top of the span;
• with a length of 7.5-9 m, a strut is placed, and a supplementary support is placed at the bottom of the rafter;
• for a length of more than 9 m, a third support is placed in the central part of the rafter. It, according to the standards, can only rest against reinforced concrete floor slabs.

The struts are placed at an angle with an arbitrary value in the range of 45-53 degrees.

Important: Sprengels (and trusses) of the rack are placed only in a vertical position.

Fastening the top of the rafters

Hip roof truss systems do not use ridges or ridge purlins. More often, the central rafters or diagonal ones, with the help of cuts, rest on the supporting central pillar. This single support element of such a tent, located at the top of the structure, has 3 installation methods:

With this type of fastener, the load on the spacer is transferred to the Mauerlat bars. Therefore, all hips are equipped with a bolt-screed.

Features of mounting sprockets

The lower place of attachment of shortened rafters (called sprigs) is formed similarly to the places of fastening of the central hip rafters. Top fastening to diagonal elements is carried out in several ways:

• using a cut into a bar, which is used to create a rafter.
• by leaning on an additional bar fixed along the lowest edge of the diagonal.
• by nailing 8.2 cm when there are no additional strength requirements for shortened rafters.

Ways of fastening sprockets to the rafters of a hipped roof

And the most successful is considered to be fastening through a support bar, which is attached flush with the underside of the slope. With this fastening, the strength indicators of the diagonal rafters do not suffer, and the installation of the sprigs will be faster. In addition, during this installation option, there is no need to keep a run for shortened rafters when marking and fixing them. And when fastening with the help of cuts, the tops of the sprigs cannot converge at one point.

The installation step for standard and shortened rafters for thermally insulated roofs must match the value of the width of the thermal insulator. When the tops of the rafters are attached with notches/nails, it is possible to change the pitch between the rafters to move the tops of adjacent pitched planes in relation to each other.

Stages of building a hipped roof

At the initial stage of the construction of the construction of the hipped roof truss system, the base is being prepared - Mauerlat. For these purposes, Mauerlat parts are mounted, floor beams are placed.

Step-by-step construction of a hipped roof truss system

The last elements then form roof overhangs directed towards the beams. Beams that function as a takeaway and overlap are placed from the center - they start with the installation of the central one, and then the rest of the beams are placed from it with a set step.

For concrete walls, an armored belt is formed on top, to which the Mauerlat itself is attached. At the next stage, the supporting support of the truss structure, the central rafters and the corner ones are installed:

A rack is installed in the center of the ceiling, made of a beam with a cross section of at least 15 cm, with a mandatory check of the correctness of its installation using a plumb line;

The central rafters are placed, at the top to the rack and at the bottom - to the Mauerlat beam - they are attached with metal corners;

Cords are pulled from the rack node to the corners of the base, and then the braids are installed along them. After the installation of the diagonal rafters is completed, the installation of the support posts begins.

Upon completion of the installation and fixing of the support posts, sprigs are made and installed.

These elements fill the space located between the central and diagonal rafters, which provides a rigid base for the pitched planes of the hipped roof. The guards are placed parallel to the central rafters.

The top of the sprockets is attached to the rafters, and the lower part is fixed to the outriggers / beams. As you move to the corners of the rafter structure, the length of the sprues decreases.

Supports are placed under the sprockets.

When the hipped roof truss systems are installed in their place, the batten structure is placed on them, heat-insulating work is carried out and the roofing is laid.

Rafter systems of hipped roofs - video