Submersible pumps: device and principle of operation. Overview of the submersible pump "Kid": unit diagram, characteristics, operating rules

Life in the country is always associated with the use of pumps. If you need to deliver water from a well or a well to a house, if you need to water a garden, pump out water from a pool, a flooded basement, or take water from an open lake, a pump comes in handy everywhere. Depending on the conditions, either surface or submersible pumps are used. This article focuses on the latter category. Submersible water pump is used to supply pure water without impurities from deep wells and wells, as well as for pumping dirty water or sewage. These pumps operate submerged in water, are capable of delivering water to great heights and differ in design depending on the tasks for which they are intended. For summer cottages, several types of submersible pumps are useful at once. Therefore, in order not to make a mistake with the choice, we will dwell in more detail on the specifics of each type of pump and the area in which it can be applied and why.

Types of submersible pumps

Submersible pumps are divided into different categories and types according to different parameters.

Conventionally, all submersible pumps can be divided into two categories: clean water pumps(without impurities) and dirty water pumps. They differ structurally. Pumps designed for pumping clean water are not capable of passing debris and dirt larger than 10 mm. In addition, the parts of the pump itself wear out quickly and fail under the destructive influence of sand and other debris. Pumps designed for pumping dirty water or even sewage can also be divided into two types: with a grinder and without a grinder. A conventional drainage pump, for example, freely passes sand, silt and other small debris. But the fecal sewage pump is equipped with a special grinder that recycles garbage.

Also, household submersible water pumps according to the principle of operation are vibrating, centrifugal, vortex and screw.

By purpose, submersible pumps are divided into:

• Well pumps;
• Well pumps;
• Drainage pumps;
• Fecal pumps;
• Pumps for aquariums, mini fountains and other small objects.

When we are looking for the right pump, we know what we need it for and what we want from it. Therefore, let's take a closer look at what each type of submersible pump is.

Submersible water pumps for wells

Water supply from a well can be carried out both by a surface pump and a submersible pump. If the well is deep, submersible pumps are used. They have elongated shape cylinder of small diameter, which allows the pump to be lowered into a well with a diameter of 90 to 250 mm. Well pumps have different characteristics: immersion depth, head, power, performance, etc.

Borehole pumps are also called deep, as they work at great depths - up to 50 m. Such units are used to provide water supply in the country, supply water to the house, bath or for irrigation garden plot, beds, filling the pool, containers and other needs.

Usually borehole pumps are centrifugal units. The water intake hole is at the bottom. Inside the housing there is an impeller, disks with blades curved against the movement of the impeller, and an engine connected to the impeller by means of a shaft. Water is sucked into the pump centrifugal force which results from the rotation of the impeller. In the middle, a reduced pressure is formed, and on the periphery (closer to the walls of the disks) - an increased one. Under the influence of the pressure difference, water is pumped from the outside to the center, and then up to the outlet leading to the pipeline.

It is necessary to operate a centrifugal submersible pump immersed in water, this is its thermal protection in case of power surges, “dry running” and other emergency situations. If this is not checked, the engine may overheat. Therefore, submersible pumps are equipped with floats, signaling that the water level has dropped to a critical level.

The range of submersible pumps for wells includes models of pumps with floating impellers, which allows pumping dirty water with a sand content of up to 180 g/m3. There are also models in which the motor housing and the entire hydraulic part are made of of stainless steel. Such pumps are not afraid of sand, resistant to negative influence abrasive particles and have excellent performance characteristics.

The most reliable submersible pumps for wells are units from such manufacturers: Wilo(Germany), Grundfos(Denmark), Pedrollo(Italy), ZDS(Italy). Cheaper pumps offer Aquario(Italy), Sprut(China), Aquatica(China). Sufficiently high-quality durable models can provide Aquarius(Ukraine), Water cannon(Russia) and Dnipro-M(Ukraine).

For example, a submersible centrifugal pump PEDROLLO 4SR1m/13 can be installed in a well with a diameter of more than 100 mm, it must be immersed in water at least 0.5 m. The body and hydraulics are completely made of stainless steel.

But the pumps of the Ukrainian company Aquarius have high productivity, but differ in discharge height. For example, model Aquarius BTsPE-0.5-16U is capable of pumping water only 27 m, but with a volume of 3600 l / h, the minimum well diameter is 110 mm, it costs 140 USD. And here is the model of the submersible pump Aquarius BTsPE-1,2-50U pumps water up to 70 m with a volume of 9400 l / h and costs 250 USD. On the this moment There are no complaints about the quality of Aquarius products.

for giving, they are used when it is necessary to create a large pressure with a small supply of liquid. The impeller in a vortex pump is equipped with blades in a radial and inclined position. The impeller rotates in a cylindrical housing, where there is a small gap between it and the walls of the housing. Water is sucked into the channel and thrown out through it to the outlet. Compared to centrifugal pumps, vortex pumps create a pressure of 3 to 7 times more, although the dimensions and speed of the impeller are the same. The design of such a pump is simpler and cheaper, but it cannot pump liquids with abrasive substances, for example, sand - it quickly fails. For example, a pump Euroaqua 4SKm 100 it will cost only 100 USD, its maximum head is 52 m, the productivity is 50 l / min, but it can only be used for pumping clean water.

Used when the pumped water contains a large number of impurities, large abrasive particles. For example, a Chinese pump Sprut 4S QGD 1.2-50-0.37 can be installed in a well over 100 mm, it pumps water to a height of 93 m with a volume of 33 l/min and costs only $100. The screw in this pump is made of stainless steel, the housing, pump shaft and motor shaft are also made, and the mechanical seal is made of graphite-ceramic. But do not think that all Chinese pumps are so cheap. Submersible pump Sprut QGDA 1.5-120-1.1 has a capacity of 30 l / min, but is able to pump water to a height of 170 m, so it costs 270 - 300 USD.

When choosing a submersible pump for a well, it must be taken into account that the diameter of the pump must be 10 - 12 mm less than the diameter of the casing pipe, otherwise the pump may jam.

The water supply for the water supply of the dacha from the well using a submersible pump is carried out in cases where the water is deep, and surface pump they are simply not able to pump it out, or the well itself is located at a great distance from the house.

Submersible well pumps must be in water at a depth of at least 1 m. Such a pump must not be operated when the water level drops, as the unit may overheat. The fact is that the engine is cooled by pumped water and the fact that the pump housing is constantly in the water.

For water supply from a well, you can use the same pumps as for wells (centrifugal, vortex and screw), as well as vibration pumps.

fundamentally different from centrifugal, they do not have rotating parts, blades and other elements that need to be lubricated and that can overheat from friction. Inside the body of the vibration pump there is a core with a winding (vibrator), which creates an electromagnetic field. As soon as an electromagnetic field has formed, it attracts the piston rod to itself. When this field disappears, the piston rod returns to its original position. In fact, these movements are vibrations, which is why the name of the pumps is vibrating. There are 100 such movements of the piston and rod in 1 second. Under the influence of the pressure difference, water is sucked into the suction chamber, and then moves to the discharge chamber and further to the pipeline.

Striking examples of vibration pumps are the units " Baby», « Brook», « Aquarius», « Summer resident" other. They are very cheap - up to $40. and quite durable and reliable. The only drawback of vibration submersible pumps is that under the influence of vibrations, sand, silt and other debris rises from the bottom of the well and is sucked into the pump. Therefore, they must be positioned so that at least 1 m of water remains at the inlet to the bottom of the well.

A household submersible water pump can be installed in a well in two ways: the first is to hang it on a galvanized steel cable at a certain height (there are special ears on the pump housing for this), the second is to fix it permanently at a certain height, making a frame like a bracket for this. The second method is dangerous because in the event of a pump breakdown, it cannot be removed from the well without draining it. To drain the well, you can use an additional - drainage pump.

Also, submersible pumps for wells are equipped with a float, which signals a critical water level.

The following companies produce pumps for wells: WILO(TW5/TW5-SE series), LOWARA(series Scuba), CALPEDA(MXS series), OFT(Italy, Trend series), NOCCHI(Pratika series), "JILEX"(series "Water cannon"), EBARA(Idrogo series) and KERSELF(Italy, Omega 12 series).

Drainage pumps are used to pump out dirty water from various objects: flooded premises, basements, trenches, pits, standing wells. They are also suitable for draining a pool, large barrel or container. It is also possible to pump water from an open water source (kopanki, lakes, rivers, reservoirs). Thus, you can water the garden or garden by lowering the drainer into the nearest pond or kopanka.

The main difference between drainage pumps and conventional submersible pumps is that the category of drainage pumps is designed for pumping dirty liquid, which may include sand, silt, long-fibre inclusions and other debris. To do this, the housing and the hydraulic part of such a pump are made of durable materials resistant to deformation.

In order to choose the right drainage pump, it is necessary to analyze for what specific needs it is useful and what is the degree of pollution of the water that they will have to pump out.

• Pump with multi-channel impeller is considered the most “gentle” and can pump water with inclusions no larger than 10 mm in size. Such a pump can pump more dirty water for a very short time - it quickly fails. Such a pump can be used to pump rainwater from a tank or a flooded room, to drain a pool, to water a garden from an open source.
• Pump with single-channel impeller able to pump more dirty water with mechanical inclusions, sometimes even with fecal masses.
• Open impeller pump capable of pumping water with mechanical inclusions larger than 50 - 70 mm. It can be fallen leaves, sand, silt, household waste. With such a pump, you can safely pump out water from a trench and a pit, where there is a huge amount of clay inclusions in the water.

All submersible drainage pumps can be used both submerged and dry. For example, to completely remove water from a flooded room, the pump is placed on the floor and works until it completely dries the floor. To protect against "dry" running in such pumps there is a special thermal protection.

Drainage pumps differ in performance, head (delivery height) and the size of the particles that can pass through them. It also matters what material the pump body and parts are made of if it has to be operated in a rather aggressive environment. Pay attention to the limitation of the temperature of the pumped water.

Popular manufacturers of drainage pumps: AL-KO(series SUB, Drain, Twin, SPV (stainless steel body)), Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, Dnipro-M, Metabo, ULTROPump, ZENIT, SPRUT other. The cheapest models can be found among the products of Dnipro-M and Aquatica - 40 - 50 USD. Prices for PEDROLLO submersible drainage pumps start from 225 - 250 USD, although experts say that these units are reliable and durable unlike Chinese products.

Fecal pumps are used for pumping or pumping waste and sewage water with a large inclusion of mechanical particles. Most often they are installed in a collection well or sewage pumping station, where they grind up garbage and pump waste into a septic tank, which is an autonomous sewer in the country.

The main difference between a submersible fecal pump and a drainage pump is the presence of a chopper, which is able to "grind" not only long-fiber fecal inclusions, but also towels, gloves, hygiene products, contraceptives and more. The grinder and fecal pump housing are made of metals such as stainless steel or cast iron, as they must be resistant to aggressive influences. Wastewater. The size of foreign inclusions practically does not matter, the main thing is that they should not be stones and other solid objects.

A fecal submersible pump in the country is an indispensable thing if equipped autonomous sewerage. Such a pump is lowered directly into the collection well and works in a submerged state. The pump is hung on a galvanized steel cable and equipped with floats, signaling that it is necessary to pump out effluents or stop working.

Important! Submersible fecal pumps can pump not only dirty sewage with garbage, but also clean water from a tank, pool, lake or barrel. There is some versatility in this. The main thing is that it be clean before using it in clean water.

The following companies produce fecal pumps: Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, SPRUT, Dnipro-M, ZENIT and DOLPHIN. Models are considered the most expensive and reliable Pedrollo ZXm 1A/40, PEDROLLO MCM 10/50 and Wilo. The cheapest fecal pumps are produced by Dnipro-M (Ukraine) - 60 - 70 USD, and the most expensive HOMA and PEDROLLO- from 350 to 1000 USD

12 volt submersible water pumps

A separate category should be allocated to small submersible pumps that can be powered by car batteries, yachts or boats, as well as from a solar power plant.

A 12 Volt submersible water pump requires low voltage - 12 V and does not have high performance, but this is not required of him. Similar pumps are used as a yacht pump - to pump out water from a boat, boat or a flooded object. And also in aquariums and decorative fountains. Some models are equipped with a dirt filter, which allows you to pump the water in which the a small amount of foreign inclusions.

For example, a submersible water pump Propump 2000GPH has a high capacity of 7570 l / h, but a small head - only 3 m, the body is made of durable thermoplastic, the motor and pump shafts are made of stainless steel, the mud filter is easy to remove and clean. Such a pump will cost only 70 - 80 USD.

Submersible pump Kerry m1280-10(China) delivers water for 10 m, has a capacity of 45 l / min and requires a direct current of 12 V. The model is designed to operate on solar panels.

At the moment, 12 volt submersible pumps are quite rare on our market, they are mainly imported from China on order.

How to choose a submersible water pump for a summer residence

As an example, let's consider how to choose a submersible pump for a well, since such pumps are not taken "for growth", they must exactly match the operating conditions in which they will have to work.

First - well debit. The performance of the pump should not exceed the debit of the well. In addition, the pump must not be allowed to work “dry”, otherwise sludge will get inside.

Second - power supply. It is necessary to provide 220 V power from the RCD board. The best option is if the pump electrical cable is long enough to reach the shield.

Third - casing diameter. The pump diameter should be 10 - 12 mm smaller than the inside diameter of the casing.

Fourth - well water level must cover the pump completely.

Fifth - well depth, static and dynamic level. Static level - the level of settled water when pumping is not performed. dynamic level- water level when pumping occurs.

So, an example of the calculation and selection of a submersible pump for a well.

Well parameters:

• Depth - 40 m.
• Casing pipe diameter (internal) - 120 mm.
• Debit - 3 m3/hour.
• Static (mirror) water level - 18 m, dynamic level - 25 m.
• The distance of the object (well) from the house is 10 m.

Determine the pump head:

1. We add up all the vertical sections of the pipeline (not only the pipeline of the well, but also the height difference to consumers in the house or the location of the accumulator). Based on the calculation that 1 m of pump head is equal to 1 m of vertical pipeline.
2. We fold all the horizontal sections of the pipeline. 1 m of pump head = 5 - 10 m of horizontal pipeline. When calculating, we assume that 1 m of head = 5 m of pipe.
3. A head reserve of 30 m is necessary for the operation of the accumulator.
4. We install the pump at 10 m of the static level, i.e. at a depth of 28 m.

We consider: 30 + 10/5 + 28 = 60 m.

So, pump head must be at least 60 m.

We determine the performance of the pump:

We summarize the water consumption of all consumers in the house that can be operated simultaneously. The data is taken from the table. Suppose a washing machine, washbasin and bathroom will be used at the same time. 0.7 + 0.4 + 1.1 = 2.2 m3/h.

Conclusion: we need a pump with a head (delivery height) of more than 60 m, a capacity of more than 2.2 m3 / h (but less than 3 m3 / h), a casing diameter of less than 110 mm.

The following submersible pumps are suitable for us: DOLPHIN 4 SKm150 with a capacity of 2400 m3/hour, a head of 99 m, a diameter of 102 mm and a cost of 130 - 140 USD. and pump PEDROLLO 4SR1.5m/14 with a capacity of 2700 m3/hour, a head of 106 m, a diameter of 100 mm and a cost of 430 - 450 USD.

Which one to choose depends on the financial capabilities of the owner and personal preferences. The pumps of the Italian company PEDROLLO have proven themselves very well and so far have no serious complaints.

Submersible water pumps for other needs - for a well, a drainage pump and a fecal pump are easier to choose, since there are no performance restrictions and there is no risk of ruining the well. The power of the drainage and fecal pump is selected so that it can cope with the task, it will be watering the beds, pumping out the basement or sewage.

When purchasing suburban real estate, many new owners are wondering how water will flow into a residential building. This problem can be solved by drilling a well or a well. In order for water to be pumped out of 2 of these structures, necessary condition is the presence of a submersible pump. It is immersed in water completely or only some part.

A submersible well pump can go down to great depths, but it has complex maintenance.

A submersible well pump allows you to get water even from great depths. The immersion depth depends on which modification the pump has. This device can go down to a depth of 300 m. This, of course, is its indisputable advantage. The disadvantages of this device include a rather complicated maintenance. When buying a submersible pump, how to choose correct option and not guess? This will be discussed.

How does a submersible well pump work?

Scheme of a vibration pump for a sand well.

Any submersible pump housing boasts high strength and tightness. This is necessary so that the inside of the mechanism does not suffer from corrosion.

All household pumps conditionally divided into 2 groups:

• centrifugal;
• vibrating.

If we talk about a vibration pump for a well, then it provides the flow of water through vibration. This type of device is not recommended to be placed in close proximity to the sandy bottom. Otherwise, the water entering your house will have an admixture of sand.

As for the 2nd option, the flow of water occurs due to a rotating wheel with blades. Water initially arrives at the walls of the pump and only then enters a specially designed chamber. As soon as the pressure starts to rise, the water is sent to the outlet.

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Purpose and features of pumps

When choosing a pump, you need to think about the question: for what purpose do you buy it?

Scheme of the device of a well pump.

1. Water pump. This device is used for pumping clean water. In this case, the liquid must not contain various kinds impurities. It is for this reason that such a pump should not be placed very close to the bottom. Minimum distance equal to 1 m. In most cases, this option is bought if there is a need for water to enter a personal water supply system or for watering a summer cottage.
2. Well pump. The water intake hole is located at the bottom of the device. Therefore, the pump for the well can not be completely submerged.
3. Drainage submersible pump. This type is used for pumping both potable and contaminated water. The drainage pump is not afraid of algae, sand or silt. With the help of this design, it is possible to water the garden from a neighboring ditch or pump out water from a previously flooded basement. In addition, the drainage submersible pump does an excellent job of pumping water from pools and taking water from the lake.
4. Submersible pump for a well. This type involves the intake of water from a great depth (up to 300 m). The pump is designed in such a way that water with impurities, as well as water with limestone and sand, can pass through it. It is worth saying that all such devices have a small diameter and an elongated shape. The disadvantages of such a design include quite a few high price and installation complexity. The undoubted advantages of such pumps are high pressure and productivity. This means that the well pump will not stop the supply of water to a residential building, even if the source of moisture is not very close.
5. Fecal submersible pump. It is used as a mechanism for pumping water in the sewer. By its design given type designed in such a way that sufficiently large particles can pass through it. It is for this reason that a cutting nozzle is installed in any fecal pump. This option is necessary in cases where the organization of gravity sewer system impossible. The fecal pump does not need to be constantly pulled out. It can stay in the pit for quite a long time and still function normally.

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How to choose the right pump?

What should be considered when buying this design, consider the example of deep pumps. The thing is that this option is not bought with the expectation of the future. All technical parameters and characteristics must be taken into account with high accuracy at the time of purchase.

1. Well debit. It must be higher than the pump capacity. Moreover, the pump must not run dry. Otherwise, silt will appear inside it.
2. Power supply. AT without fail 220 V power supply must be provided. It is better if the lengths electric cable the pump is enough to stretch it to the shield.
3. Casing pipe and its diameter. Consider the fact that the diameter of the pump should be approximately 12 mm smaller than the diameter of the casing pipe inside.
4. The pump placed inside the well must be completely covered with water.
5. Well location depth. The statistical level is the level of the water at the moment when it is not being pumped. The dynamic level is the level in the pumping process.

So let's look at an example.

First, let's reproduce all the parameters we need:

1. Depth = 40m.
2. Casing pipe inner diameter = 120 mm.
3. Debit = 3 m 3 / h.
4. Statistical level = 18 m.
5. Dynamic level = 25 m.
6. Distance from the building to the well = 10 m.

Based on all the data obtained, it is possible to determine the pump head:

1. Fold together all the vertical sections of the pipeline. This applies not only to the well pipeline, but also to the height difference to users or to the place where the accumulator is located. Assume that for 1 m of pressure there is 1 m of vertical pipeline.
2. After that, it is necessary to fold all sections of the pipeline located vertically. So, it turns out 1 m of pressure \u003d 5-10 m of a pipeline located horizontally. It turns out that 1 m of head is equal to 5 m of pipe.
3. In order for the accumulator to work in normal mode, it needs a head margin of 30 m.
4. The pump must be installed to a depth of 10 m statistical level, i.e. by 28 m. After the calculation, it turns out that the pump must have a head of at least 60 m.

Next, you need to determine what performance the pump should have. To do this, you need to add up all the water costs that can be carried out by residents of the house at the same time. If you do not know the calculations, then you can use special tables. For example, at the same time water will flow from the tap, and work washing machine. After addition, it turned out that the pump should have a capacity of 2.2 m 3 / h.

Decided to take up the choice of pump? The following article will help you understand this issue. These devices allow you to fully water the plants, pump a lot of water from the well into various containers. Thanks to the information provided, you can better understand the device and the principle of operation of these units. Opportunity to choose wisely best option for your cottage will save your money.

Favorable price for Appliances, working with pumping water, makes it possible to purchase them for the conditions of any dacha. Unpretentiousness in operation allows the devices to operate in an aggressive climatic environment, and the simplicity of the mechanism does not lose its functions after conservation for the winter or in rooms without heating. To learn about the weak points that pumps have and protect them from possible breakdowns, you should read the information below.

Deep pump - a simple device designed to solve domestic problems

A deep pump is a simple device designed for domestic tasks, consists of several elements. The main element that moves the mass of water is the power element. This is an electromagnetic core in the form of the letter "P". Electrical steel, with tightly wound winding, insulated with lacquer, potted epoxy resin so as to ensure the safe operation of the device, eliminating the possibility of water entering the core device. The electromagnet itself is firmly held inside the housing, thanks to reliable fixation and cavities occupied by quartz sand, necessary for the cooling wire through sheets of electrical steel.

A rod is fixed on a magnet in the shape of the letter "P". It works with a rubber washer serving as a cushion pad. The quality of the gasket affects the performance of the device as a whole. The principle of operation of the gasket is as follows. The shock absorber is adjacent to the plastic sleeve, it isolates the operation of the pump chamber. The coupling works as a container for collecting and passing water, isolating the liquid from the electrical mechanism of the unit. A special diaphragm guides and fixes the rod, it is fixed in the inside of the coupling.

Some manufacturers increase the length of the stem, optimizing the principle of operation. This allows you to qualitatively apply the advantage of centrifugal force, which are capable of submersible units. With such a feature submersible structure the stem fully protrudes into the clutch chamber. The ears, which are located in the inner part of the chamber on the rod, allow improving the conditions of the centrifugal force of the rod. You will get a guaranteed increase in the performance of the entire system as a whole, because in this case the stem moves less.

The mushroom-shaped rubber inserts that you can see in the pump device are called check valves. Through these parts, water seeps into the chamber, but they do not allow the liquid to escape, as they are provided as a locking mechanism when squeezed.

An increased elasticity of the check valve is needed, which allows you to ignore the accumulated debris in the inside of the pumping device. Elasticity allows the valve to fit snugly against the walls of the sleeve, limiting the stopper. Otherwise, part of the water will be sent back, which will adversely affect the efficiency and speed of the unit.

The rubber piston is in fact a fundamental part of the design; a violation of its operation can provoke contamination of the source with small debris. In most cases of failure, the piston itself fails. A similar claim cannot be made to the rest of the parts, since they are more durable, although they are constantly subjected to vibrations during the operation of the submersible unit.

Principle and features of work

The changing pressure force inside the delivery chamber allows the pump to work. The reciprocating movements of the piston (or diaphragm, depending on the model) made of rubber cause a high-speed flow of water. Upon closer examination, the following picture emerges. The unit receiving electricity provokes the appearance on the coil windings magnetic field. The U-shaped core, when magnetized, attracts the vibrational part of the unit - the coil, which is located in the discharge chamber.

The resulting impulse affects the piston, it wraps inward, and the rod device is then discarded with the action check valves. The principle of reverse-forward current is due to the operating conditions of alternating current, which alternately arises and disappears and forms dips without magnetization of the coil. This property allows the coil to be thrown back each time and, when magnetized, repeat the action again. The piston pressing on the water releases new space for the next portion of water, which instantly goes into the clutch due to the pressure created.

Such cycles take place at a frequency of 100 times per second, allowing you to transfer about a hundred chamber volumes. It is this rhythmic action caused by the movement of the rod that creates a constant vibration during the operation of the unit. Due to this process, the pumps are called "vibrating".

Places and methods of using a submersible pump

The unpretentiousness of these units allows them to be put into operation in different climatic conditions. Special maintenance and prevention is not required. There are no rotating parts and moving mechanisms. The special optimized design of the pumps makes it possible for parts to wear out many times less than for other units. Such a decision will be beneficial for your dacha.

If the pump is not allowed to idle, then it will not overheat, the heat leaves instantly due to the cooling of the incoming water. Alkaline water pumping does not harm performance, mineral salts do not create sediment on internal parts. Despite exceptional reliability, weak sides such devices still exist.

The very process of action, namely the vibrations that force the liquid, can destroy the mechanism. Over time, they cause displacement of any parts, regardless of operating conditions. The part that has left the groove creates additional vibration and violates its own structure. Knowledge of the principle of operation allows occasionally to carry out preventive work. Also, some conditions for work should be excluded, namely:

• Do not pump water with a submersible from a newly dug well. Soaring particles and dirt will very quickly clog the capacity of the unit, if you cannot do without this measure, you should clean the main components of the apparatus.
• Do not use the submersible in a large body of water such as a river, lake, swamp.
• Do not supply water from a container with a limited supply of water, such as a cistern or tank.
• Do not use the pump as a device that pumps liquid from a flooded room in your summer house.

If we consider the experience of using vibration pumps with wells, then consumer reviews will vary. For some who have been using such pumps for decades, the entire operation process goes without problems. Some consumers instantly disable the pump itself, and also destroy the well. Apparently, a whole combination of factors is important here, which speaks about the quality of the pump and the well, but leaves no chance to predict the development of events.

Choosing a vibration pump for your garden

A variety of high-quality water pumps from the CIS countries, as well as from China, allows you to choose optimal solution for your needs. Given the development of this sector, it is very difficult to find German and Italian water pump models, so there is usually nothing to say about them. Let's move on to an overview of the most purchased and popular models on the market. By the way, the cost of a quality pump may not exceed 60-70 conventional units.

"Baby" is the youngest in terms of characteristics, but the most popular model in the CIS market. A reliable water apparatus, the most economical to purchase, can have two types of water intakes (upper and lower). Additional thermal protection allows the device to be resistant and durable in harsh winter conditions.

"Brook" - this water apparatus is no less popular due to its powerful pressure. It differs slightly in characteristics, depending on the country of manufacture, but gives a stable head of 60 meters.

"Aquarius" - a deep pump, is more expensive than other models, but increased head characteristics (up to 100 m) and the ability to pump large volumes of water make it possible to use this unit in large farms.

To provide water supply to summer cottages and household plots, as well as small farms, household electric pumps are produced. The universal submersible pump Malysh is rational to use at facilities with low water consumption. The product lives up to its name compact size and light weight, not exceeding four kilograms. The engine of the unit is able to operate from a home electrical network, the voltage of which is 220 V. Despite the modest power indicators, the equipment provides quite good pressure water, which depends on the height of its supply.

Scopes of the submersible pump Malysh

Residents of the countryside and summer residents use the water pump Kid in various purposes, namely:

• provide water to both residential and non-residential facilities;
• supply water to gardens and summer cottages;
• include in automatic systems watering, facilitating the care of horticultural crops;
• provide spraying of shrubs and plantings using spray nozzles;
• pump out water.

Important! These models of pumps should not be used for pumping heavily polluted water, as they are subject to rapid wear of the parts of their structures, which leads to a decrease in the service life.

This pumping equipment, manufactured Russian manufacturers, has become widespread due to its reliability, affordable cost and unpretentiousness in operation. The lack of editing also played a role in this. After all, the pump is ready for operation immediately after immersion of its body in water.

Main technical characteristics

• pump performance Kid is 432 l / min without lifting water;
• cable length varies from 10 to 40 meters;
• the diameter of the intake pipe must be at least 80 mm;
• water intake depending on specific model may be upper or lower;
• rise in water pressure to a height of up to 40 meters;
• motor power is not more than 250 watts.

Important! This pump is capable of pumping and lifting water not only from wells with a diameter of more than 80 mm, but also from open reservoirs and wells.

Installation of a household submersible electric pump Malysh

The figure shows schematically how the Malysh deep-well pump should be placed: in a well and in a well with a filtration casing.

Scheme of installation of a vibration submersible pump Malysh in a well or in a well

The principle of the device and basic repair

The device of the Malysh pump is based on the properties of electromagnetic oscillations, which are transmitted to the float valve, forcing the membrane to oscillate and thereby push water through. Via automatic device control of the engine operation is provided, which is turned off when overheated, as well as after pumping the entire volume of water.

Pump models may differ in the location of the suction holes. or after pumping all the water. It is preferable to purchase a Baby pump with an upper intake, since in this equipment the electric motor is located below, and therefore it cools better. The suction hole, located on top, does not capture silt deposits and other impurities from the bottom of the water intake. Such equipment can work without problems in the immersed state for a long time at a water level below the suction holes.

A similar situation will not be tolerated by models with a lower water intake. Therefore, their work must be monitored, not leaving the switched-on equipment unattended for a long time. When buying, it is advisable to choose models with thermal protection that prevents the engine from overheating. It is possible to repair the Baby pump with your own hands in case of replacing leaky valves and other minor breakdowns. It is necessary to resort to the help of specialists if the product has not expired the warranty period, as well as when replacing a burned-out engine.

Submersible pump Kid with top water intake and thermal protection

Prevent damage to the purchased pumping equipment allows correctly selected power, careful operation and compliance with the recommendations given by the manufacturer.

Buyers who are attentive to the operation of the pump are satisfied with its work and give the most positive feedback. Pick up suitable model pump can be with the help of specialists who will help to install and connect it.

Life outside the city or in the private sector has its own characteristics. Sometimes you have to deal with a shortage of water, and in some periods it becomes too much. A spring flood can play a trick on a basement by turning it into a reservoir. A pool, well or well also needs to be regularly cleaned of debris and pollution. Using the drain pump - effective way solving a number of "water" problems. The main thing - correct operation equipment.

The principle of operation of pumps of this type lies in the name itself: to drain, that is, to extract excess moisture. In wetlands, near bodies of water or in climatic zones, where heavy rainfall regularly falls, drainage systems are being built to drain the soil.

The pump is the final link. The task of the equipment is, if necessary, to pump out water if it does not drain naturally into the storm sewer. At home and Everyday life drainage equipment is used:

• when eliminating the consequences of accidents in utility and house networks in the private sector;
• accumulation of flood, ground or rain water in basements and basements;
• for cleaning natural and artificial water reservoirs;
• when arranging fountains, the equipment is used to supply water.

Often the question arises whether it is possible to use a drainage pump for irrigation. In some cases, a combination of functions is possible. For example, if there is a reservoir at a distance of several tens of meters or right on the site.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW: A feature of the drainage pump is the presence of grinders of solid particles and impurities of various diameters (up to 120 mm) depending on the power and characteristics of the equipment.

An example of the placement of a submersible drainage pump. The equipment is attached with a cable

Where are sump pumps used?

In a special group, fecal pumps are used for cleaning drain pits, household sewer installations or country septic tanks. The design does not contain a filter that does not allow solid particles to pass through. The pump is designed to handle liquids and soft solids only.

The case of the device is made of durable materials that are not susceptible to aggressive environments, carefully sealed. For ease of operation, the device is equipped with a special float. Depending on its position, the pump is automatically pumped out or stopped.

Water pumping

Even reliable waterproofing not always able to resist water element. Often to cellars and ground floors groundwater or flood waters. Able to deliver trouble and heavy rainfall.

It is worth being on the alert for property owners in lowland areas, near rivers, lakes, other bodies of water, swamps. Water can come into the house suddenly, and you need to meet it with a prepared drainage pump.

Even low-power equipment of 160 W is capable of pumping almost 5 cubic meters in one hour of operation. m of water and thereby save from a communal disaster and costly repairs.

The presence of a protective float makes the operation of the device more rational and contributes to long-term operation.

Water tank cleaning

Modern backyard or country cottage area often includes a body of water:

• artificial or natural pond, lake;
• swimming pool;
• well;
• well;
• irrigation pit.

Any of them periodically needs to be cleaned using drainage equipment. Lack of systematic care will lead to silting of the bottom, deterioration of water quality.

It is not uncommon for a pond to turn into a small swamp due to the formation of a cushion of sediments, and water flows out of a well filled with sand and clay.

In some situations, a pump is needed to pump out ground water threatening to flood the site.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW: Opinions vary on whether a drainage pump can be used for water supply. There is a high risk of clogging the water treatment system. Repeated filtration of water will be required, which leads to significant costs.

For the installation of an irrigation system using drainage equipment, it is better to use a source that does not contain significant impurities and significant contaminants.

Devices for pumping water are divided into two main categories: submersible and surface. Fecal pumps can be semi-submersible - the choice depends on the expected operating conditions.

Submersible pumps

The equipment is placed in water before use. Depending on the object, the pump is placed on the bottom (reservoir, pit). If a well or well is being cleaned, the mechanism is placed in a "suspended state", raised above the bottom by 0.5-1 m.

Devices differ in the principle of operation:

• centrifugal pumps equipped with impeller and blades. During rotation, pressure is created in the peripheral part of the wheel, as a result, the liquid continuously flows into the pump;
• vibration pumps pump water due to the oscillatory movements of the fluid, and pressure is created using tubing. The direction of water flow is controlled by a valve system.

Both types of pumps are reliable, but in some cases it is not recommended to use vibration models. Constant fluctuations cause the movement of the soil at the bottom of the well or borehole. Large insoluble particles do not pass through the filter, they settle on the bottom, which leads to silting.

Advantages:

• there is no need for installation;
• noiselessness;
• small dimensions;
• high performance;
• automated system controls and float protection;
• use of a drainage pump for irrigation.

Disadvantages:

• limited level of water rise - no more than 20 m;
• for Maintenance equipment must be brought to the surface.

An example of the operation of a well submersible pump. For the outflow of water, an outlet to the storm sewer is provided.

Surface pumps

The equipment is installed next to the cleaning object. Only a hose of the appropriate length is lowered into the water.

Advantages:

• ease of installation and dismantling;
• equipment is not placed in water, which causes more safe operation;
• float protection and automatic operation;
• ease of use.

Disadvantages:

• loud noise during operation;
• designed to work only with shallow objects and will not be suitable for a well.

A household surface pump of small power operates from a conventional single-phase 220 V socket. For more powerful equipment, a three-phase connection and a voltage of 380 V are required

Features of operation of the drainage pump

Efficient operation drainage equipment is an important component of comfortable living conditions in the country or in a country house. The durability and trouble-free operation of the device depend on how to use the drainage pump. Several simple rules:

• Avoid engine overheating. In submersible pumps, water acts as the coolant. The temperature of surface equipment must be controlled, but it is better to choose a model with a thermal relay.
• Be sure to use float protection. Operation of the pump at a low water level is fraught with failure.

It is also recommended to consider the performance factor. For household needs suitable for equipment with a pumping capacity of up to 180 l/min. This volume is sufficient even with severe flooding or removal of excess groundwater. If the risk of a significant rise in the water level is low, you can limit yourself to a small pump with a pumping volume of about 80-85 l / min.

However, the last word when choosing a drainage pump should remain with the professionals. Experts will recommend the most rational scheme of operation, advise how to organize an irrigation system based on drainage equipment.

For example, it is possible to draw water from a reservoir to irrigate a garden. But the correct algorithm of actions is often incomprehensible. Experienced craftsmen will help with a practical solution and the choice of the optimal equipment. You deserve a comfortable and carefree life.

Video: drainage pump for pumping and watering