How to choose a three-phase electricity meter by power. Which electricity meter to choose for an apartment: under bolts or on a din-rail? How to properly replace the electricity meter in the apartment

The accuracy and reliability of any electricity metering system largely depends on the correct choice of metering device - an electric meter.

The correct choice of the meter assumes that its technical characteristics correspond to the conditions of its operation and the parameters of the electrical network. It is recommended to choose a metering device based on the combination of the following factors listed below.

Rated supply voltage. Electricity metering for consumers connected to a single-phase supply network (220) is carried out using single-phase electric meters, to account for the consumed electricity of a three-phase network (380 V), respectively, three-phase.

Power consumption b. current rating modern counters limited to 100 A. In most cases, when choosing single-phase metering devices, this parameter is not decisive; modern measuring instruments are produced with fairly wide ranges of rated (maximum) current from 5 A to 10 (100) A.

So, for household consumers with a total load power of up to 5 kW, a meter with a nominal value of 10 (40) A is quite suitable (the maximum current value at which the meter meets the accuracy requirements is indicated in brackets).

A reference point in determining the required value of this parameter can be the current rating of the introductory circuit breaker (of course, with the correct choice of the latter).

When choosing three-phase devices, their connection scheme should be taken into account; for currents of 75-100 A, a direct-on meter can be used, above - the use of current transformers is required, expanding the measurement limit and connecting according to a specific scheme.

Device and principle of operation of the device. With this choice, a difficulty often arises - which meters to give preference to: electronic or induction.

For acceptance optimal solution it is necessary to take into account the technical characteristics that determine the operating conditions of electronic and induction electric meters, the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

Obvious advantage electronic devices before induction analogues is, first of all, their great functionality.

In addition to counting and displaying information on the consumed electricity on the display, the functionality of many models of modern electronic appliances accounting includes:

Possibility of organizing a system of separate metering of electricity consumption at different tariffs(multi-tariff) depending on the time of day. This function will be in demand by consumers in regions with 24-hour tariff zones.

Ability to operate with low temperatures . If the metering board is located in unheated room or on the street, then it is the electronic electric meter that should be used as a metering device, having previously familiarized itself with the range declared by the manufacturer allowable temperature operation specified in the documentation.

High class of accuracy- 0.2S, 0.5S and the stability of its compliance with the declared value at low or frequently changing loads.

Possibility long-term storage data on consumed electricity, remote readings (will require the use of additional digital interfaces), remote control unauthorized access to the device in order to steal electricity, its use in automated systems commercial metering of electricity (ASKUE).

Long MPI duration- calibration interval. So, for most single-phase electronic devices, it is 12-16 years.

However, the disadvantages cannot be ignored. First of all, this is a significantly lower resistance to current overloads, short circuits in the network, and switching voltage drops. You can also add, albeit slightly, but still a large cost of electronic devices in comparison with induction devices of approximately the same functionality.

Mounting method(applies only to electronic counters). There are two mounting methods: fixing on a DIN rail or using screws. To avoid installation difficulties, it is necessary to select an electric meter with an appropriate mount based on design features metering board - the presence of a DIN rail or holes for mounting screws.

The need to replace electric meters does not arise very often. Most manufacturers guarantee up to 16 years of operation of the device without deviations from the accuracy of the readings. But when it becomes necessary to buy an electricity meter, along with it, many questions arise about how to make right choice. In order to better navigate in all the proposed options, it is necessary to understand the very essence of the operation of the electric meter and all possible modifications of this device.

Induction counter

• The first characteristic of electricity meters, which divides them into two groups, is the principle of operation. On this basis, electricity meters are divided into mechanical (induction) and electronic. The operation of an induction electric meter is based on mechanics. In its design, there are two main coils - voltage and current. Both of these parts emit a magnetic field that affects the metal disk and spins it. The speed of rotation of this disk is in direct proportion to the intensity of the voltage of the coils. Rotating, the disk turns the wheels with numbers, which indicate the amount of electricity consumed.

• Induction meters for electricity consumption have both disadvantages and advantages, but are still used very widely. Perhaps the reason for this is the age of the design itself - electronic devices have appeared relatively recently. And it is possible that the price for an induction electricity meter is much lower than for an electronic one.
• The advantages of mechanical devices - low price and long term services. Even 50 years after installation, the device often continues to function within the specified accuracy class. The disadvantage is that initially the accuracy class does not fall below 2%.

Electronic counter

An electronic electricity meter works on a completely different principle. There are absolutely no mechanical components in its design, the current is directly supplied to semiconductors and microcircuits, which keep records of the consumed electricity. All information in the device is contained exclusively in digital form and also enters the electronic scoreboard with which it is equipped.

The advantages of an electronic device are much greater than those of a mechanical one. They make a whole list:

• The small size of the device.
• Possibility of multi-tariff accounting of indications.
• Easy transition to a higher accuracy class.
• The presence of an interface that allows you to integrate the meter into an automated power consumption control system.
• Easy meter reading.

There are only two drawbacks to electronic devices for calculating energy consumption - a higher price and a low level of reliability. This is explained as follows - easier mechanism, the less complex microcircuits it has, the easier it is to operate and repair.

Technical characteristics of meters

The diagram below clearly demonstrates the classification of electricity meters different types. The first division of meters is based on the type of network to which they are connected. Here, single-phase devices and three-phase devices are distinguished.

• The single-phase electricity meter is used in networks that have only two wires and one phase. In this case, not only the number of wires is taken into account, but also the total load on the network. A single-phase device can handle current consumption up to 10 kV and outputs voltage to standard 220 V. Therefore, it is these meters that are used in ordinary private households and apartments. A single-phase meter is used in a three-phase network only when a separate device is installed on each phase, that is, in this case there should be 3 meters.
• A three-phase electricity meter is installed, respectively, on a three-phase network. The need for such equipment arises in enterprises with high electricity consumption, in general switchboard apartment house etc. In private homes, it is installed only if appliances with high energy consumption are available, for example, regularly used welding machine. The three-phase system gives an output of 380 V and protects the room from voltage surges.
• The next factor by which devices for measuring the level of energy consumption are classified is the tariff rate. Manufacturers offer to purchase both single-tariff and two-rate counter electricity. There are also multi-tariff modifications. The essence of this device is that it allows you to measure the amount of current consumed at specified rates in different time days. This approach to calculations can significantly reduce costs.
• Another characteristic of electricity meters is the type of energy that is measured. Single-phase devices measure only the amount of active energy passing through the device. Three-phase work in several directions, they measure active energy, reactive energy, as well as the direction of flows. These measurements help to reduce the cost of electricity, as well as improve its quality, since the amount of reactive energy is compensated. This addition is especially useful for industrial buildings in which the electricity meter connection passes through a transformer.
• If we talk about saving electricity, then not only correctly selected and installed equipment, but also a magnet installed on the electricity meter. This device suitable for indicating instruments, it simply slows down or completely stops the movement of rotating metal parts. That is, the current continues to flow through the meter into the room, but it is not accounted for. Using this, or other similar means, it should be remembered that this method is not legal and is subject to fines.

Criteria for choosing an electric meter

Having dealt with the basics of the device and the classification of electricity meters, they begin to study the parameters of their choice. To purchase best option device, you need to know some data about the electrical network in the room for which it is bought, as well as the parameters of the device itself.

• Buy a meter for one phase or three. The required phase of the device directly depends on the type of electrical network in the room. To get this information, you do not need to contact the energy supervision authorities, just carefully study the panel of the old meter. If the numbers 220/230 V are indicated on it, then a single-phase device is required. If it is marked 220/380 or 230/400 V, then a device for three phases is needed. To change the phase of the network, they contact the organization responsible for the energy supply and draw up the necessary documents.
• Rated current of the device. Basically all those calculating the expense electric current devices operate in the load range of not more than 50-60 A and power of 15 kW. Standard meters for private houses have just such an indicator of the rated current. But if the characteristics of the electrical network exceed the consumption of 15 kW, then a device with maximum load at 100 A. These data are indicated on the introductory machine of the room. If the panel shows a figure up to 40 A, then a meter with an indicator of 60 A is required. If this figure exceeds the value of 40, then the device must be purchased for 100 A. You should not install a device with a higher indicator than required by the electrical network, so how this will arouse suspicion in the organization responsible for the energy supply and the meter will have to be replaced.
• Device with one tariff or with several. This criterion is considered on an individual basis. Often, energy companies provide different prices for night and day tariffs. You need to find out if it is possible to pay in this way, and then make a decision to install a multi-tariff meter. If billing at night and day is the same, then a multi-tariff electricity meter will not reduce costs and will simply be useless.
• Device with different ways mounts. This indicator does not affect the performance of the device itself, but will help make the installation procedure easier. The two most common mounting methods are three screws or DIN rail. The first method is used in conventional electrical panels and is found on all indicator meters and on some electronic ones. Din-rail mounting is used only in electronic mechanisms. If a device is purchased for a rail, then for it it is necessary to buy the mounting mechanism itself, since its presence is not provided for in standard switchboards.
• Availability additional features. Some models of electronic meters have various additional functions. Among them is the display of information about current, voltage and frequency. Accounting for meter readings at the time of a lack of voltage in the network, backlighting and much more. These functions do not affect the performance of the device, but make its operation more convenient. Therefore, when buying electric meter their presence is worth paying attention to.
• Instrument accuracy class. You should also pay attention to the accuracy class of the meter, since possible errors do not play into the hands of the consumer. Appliances this indicator is at the level of 2.0, which is the most optimal for them. Meters with a class of 0.5 are suitable for fast-changing loads and are installed mainly in industrial buildings.

Recognized electricity meter brands

Household electricity meters are one of those devices that you should not overpay for when buying imported goods. Foreign manufacturers offer products High Quality, however, there are Russian brands that offer devices of the same class, but at a more reasonable price. Russian counters are certified and comply with all quality standards, or rather GOSTs. Among the many items, several trademarks stand out, which have been repeatedly tested by various companies and are widely used in industrial enterprises and in private homes.

• Energomer. The company was founded in Stavropol, but now the production takes place at seven factories located in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The main specialization of the company is energy metering devices. The company offers wide range of mechanical and electronic devices. The price of products varies from 13 to 330 EUR. The following series stand out:
  • Device with one phase and one tariff. Brand CE101, CE200, CE6807.
  • Device with one phase and several tariffs. Brand CE102, CE201, CE205, CE208
  • Device with three phases and one tariff. Brand CE300, CE302, CE6803, CE6804.
  • Device with three phases and several tariffs. Brand CE301, CE303, CE304, CE305, CE306, CE6850.

• Counters "Mercury" from the company Incotex. The first plant was founded in Moscow, now the capacity is distributed to 7 plants, 3 of which are located abroad Russian Federation. The company is engaged in the development and production of various electronic equipment, and electricity meters are also presented in the assortment. The main focus of the work is high-tech science-intensive equipment. Under the trade mark "Mercury" all possible classes of electric meters are presented.

• Moscow Plant of Measuring Instruments - MZEP. Founded in the middle of the last century. The assortment includes not only electric meters, but also various specific radio equipment. Under the trademark, both electronic and mechanical electricity meters are produced. Induction meters are represented by the CO-505 model, which has one phase and one tariff. Prices for the products of this company range from 13 to 85 EUR. Electronic models are represented by the following brands:
  • One phase, one tariff - SOE-52.
  • One phase, several tariffs - SOE-55.
  • Three phases, several tariffs - SOE-561, 565.

Focusing on manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, you should also pay attention to manufacturing companies that work nearby. The prices for their products, as a rule, are much lower, and the quality is at the same level as that of trusted brands. It is also worth asking about the prices of meters in an organization that supplies electricity. Often, such institutions buy equipment in bulk and offer their customers very reasonable prices for it.

With this material, we begin a series of articles under the general title "I want to buy." Often people come to the store to buy some product, but do not know what they specifically need. So they say to the seller: "I want to buy, but I don't know what to choose." These articles will be, in a way, a detailed response of the seller to such a buyer.

So, let's begin. In the first article, we will answer the buyer's question: "I want to buy an electric meter, but I don't know which one to choose. Which one do I need?" After reading this article, you will know which electric meter to buy for you:,,,,, and. And when you come to the store, you can proudly say, for example, like this: "I need a single-tariff single-phase electric meter, for a current of up to 50 amperes, an accuracy class of at least 2.0, with a din-rail mount, from the date of verification of which no more than two years!"

If you have not yet decided which shield or box you will install, then buy a meter with a din-rail mount. Such an electric meter is more versatile: you can always buy either a rail or an adapter plate for it and install it on a flat surface (for example, the mounting plate of the ShMP shield) or on three screws.

For what current should I buy an electric meter?

As a rule, single-phase electronic electricity meters are produced for currents from 5A to 50-60A. Three-phase electronic electricity meters are produced direct for maximum current up to 50A and up to 100A and transformer connection - for currents up to 10 amperes. In residential construction and in the reconstruction of apartments, transformer connection meters are practically not used, since loads rarely exceed 100 amperes.

But there are exceptions. For example, there is a single-phase electronic electricity meter Neva 103, which is designed for a maximum current of 80A. But as a rule, in apartments and houses connected to a single-phase circuit, current consumption is much less.

If you have new house, then there should be a project on it, in which it is prescribed for what current the electric meter needs to be installed, how much power is allocated to the house and which introductory circuit breaker you need to choose. If you are making repairs in an apartment and changing the wiring there, you can determine the required current according to the wire cross section that fits the meter. That is, if an aluminum cable with a cross section of 6 sq. mm is suitable for the apartment, which can withstand up to 39A, then it makes no sense to put Neva 103 on 5-80A.

What accuracy class should I buy an electric meter?

The accuracy class is indicated on the front panel in a circle and indicates how accurately it will count the consumed electricity. Sometimes you can hear the phrase: "You need to buy a less accurate meter and then you will pay less for electricity." But it is worth recalling that the phrase "less accurate" does not mean that he will count in your favor!

According to chapter 1.5 of the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) for the population, the accuracy of active energy meters must be no worse than class 2.0. That is, you can install metering devices of classes 2.0; 1.0; 0.7 and 0.5. And metering devices with an accuracy class of 2.5 and below are no longer produced, since they can no longer be installed.

When should the counter be released?

In fact, it is not the date of issue that is more important, but the date of verification. All metering devices before they go on sale must go through state verification (checking for performance and measurement accuracy) at the factory. Based on the results of a successful verification, if the metering device has passed it, a state verification seal is placed on the meter case, and a seal is affixed to the passport. The date is also indicated in the passport, and the quarter and year of state verification are placed on the seal.

According to the PUE (clause 1.5.13), "each installed settlement meter must have on the screws securing the meter casing, seals with the stamp of the state verifier, and on the clamping cover - the seal of the energy supply organization. Newly installed three-phase meters must have state verification seals with prescription not more than 12 months, and on single-phase meters - with a prescription of no more than 2 years.

That is, your single-phase meter must be installed and sealed by the power supply organization no later than two years after verification, and a three-phase meter no later than 1 year.

Periodic checks of meter performance and measurement accuracy are also required. Therefore, for each type of metering device there is also an inter-calibration interval, which for electronic meters is usually 10-16 years from the date of production.

Something else?

There are meters of active and active-reactive energy. Reactive electricity metering is mainly used in enterprises with meters connected via current transformers.

There are also meters for work in automated control systems and electricity metering (ASKUE). But we did not consider this issue here, since the requirements for installing such meters are usually prescribed in the requirements for installing metering devices or in the connection project. These documents usually include specific model, which depends on the type of ASKUE used in the region. But it is still worth remembering that you can install any electric meter yourself, which is certified and included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments.

All of the above applies to a greater extent to electronic electricity meters. We did not consider induction meters separately, since they are produced and used less and less every year: they are more expensive, less accurate, larger in size, have a shorter calibration interval (usually 8 years).

The question of how to choose an electric meter for an apartment does not look so idle, especially if we take into account the fact that often the accuracy of measurements will largely depend on a high-quality meter. Also, when you go to the store household appliances, there is a possibility that the seller will offer to buy the counter of the most expensive model with all sorts of useless "bells and whistles". Of course, if you arm yourself with all necessary knowledge, such a course of events can be excluded.

What selection criteria should be considered in the first place

The market is currently crowded with counters electrical energy different types.

In order to make the right choice and not waste money, you do not need to purchase the "most expensive and best" counter, but adhere to certain criteria:

• Number of phases;
• The constructive type of the device;
• Parameters for current strength;
• Ensuring the accuracy of readings;
• Device mounting method;
• Ability to take into account several tariffs and change them;
• Manufacturing date.

You can also take into account appearance device and the possibility of placing it in a sealed enclosure, however, in practice, these criteria are considered far from being the most important. But the above should be paid attention in the first place. So it makes sense to dwell on them in more detail.

Which meter is better to choose: three-phase or single-phase

In fact, deciding which electric meter is right for you - single-phase or three-phase - is quite easy. To do this, you will need to see which cable is suitable for the apartment or house. If it has two cores (one for phase and the other for zero), then we have a standard single-phase network. It is designed for 220 volts - which is indicated on the body of the device.

If the cable consists of four cores, then we are talking about the so-called three-phase network (one zero and three phases). Such networks operate under a voltage of 380 volts. However, if you connect a three-phase meter to a single-phase network, nothing bad will happen, the device will correctly read the readings. But whether a service organization will accept such a meter is a big question.

Generally speaking, in the vast majority of cases it is necessary to deal with the first option - a single-phase meter. But it will not be superfluous to clarify this point.

Varieties of meters according to the method of their installation

At the next stage, you will need to pay attention to exactly how the meter is mounted in the electrical panel. There are basically two options here:

Modern counters are mounted either on a DIN rail or on 3 screws. It all depends on the type of switchboard where they will be installed.

1. Installation on the so-called din-rail is the most commonly used option for mounting the meter in the shield today;
2. In the case of another design, the meter can be mounted in a special panel mounting slot. This option takes place, as a rule, in all kinds of input-distribution devices.

If there is any doubt about which installation method is needed, you can contact a service organization or professional electricians for help.

We pay attention to the date of issue of the counter

Oddly enough, but it is necessary to pay attention to when exactly the electric meter was produced. And the point here is not so much that old devices can become dilapidated or fail over time, but rather in compliance with the requirements of inspectors. According to these requirements, it is impossible to install a single-phase meter if two or more years have passed since its release.

In the case of a three-phase meter, this period is even less - only one year.

So, if the seller is trying to sell off a counter that does not meet this requirement, one should not fall for any tricks. This will be a simple waste of money: the inspector will still not sign the act on putting the electric meter into operation and will not seal it.

You can treat these demands differently - consider them justified or be indignant, but in any case you will have to reckon with them.

An electronic or induction meter is better to purchase

According to the principle of operation, all counters can also be divided into:

1. Induction. These are electricity meters familiar to everyone since childhood. They are equipped with a recognizable spinning disc. Them undeniable merits – affordable price and long service life. But the disadvantage can be considered not always sufficiently accurate reading of the testimony. As a result, there is always a risk of overpaying some amount. At the same time, induction type meters are always only single-tariff.
2. Counters are electronic. They have mainly two advantages over induction. This is increased accuracy, as well as the ability to take into account changing tariffs - not only one-, but also two- and multi-tariff devices are produced. But the electronic counter has not the most attractive cost. And its service life is somewhat less than in the case of an induction meter.

The rule for choosing one or another counter can be as follows. If electricity is not spent in such a large amount, then increased accuracy is not necessary, so you can safely buy induction meters. But in the case of a large number of constantly working current consumers, it makes sense to think about purchasing an electronic device. The price difference in this case will quickly pay off.

But what about the current

All single-phase meters are intended for metering electricity in networks from 5 to 80 amperes. But single-phase are designed for current strength from 50 to 100 amperes. Accordingly, the choice of device must be carried out in accordance with the number of phases in the apartment.

Is it possible to calculate at least the approximate current strength in the network in order to purchase a meter of the desired model? Of course. For this, special tables were invented that take into account the thickness power cable as well as the material from which it is made.

Note! If with independent definition current strength problems arise, it is necessary to clarify this parameter in your power supply organization.

What are multi-tariff meters for?

As you know, it is easiest to calculate energy consumption using a single-tariff meter. This is done really simply: you need to take the last meter reading, subtract the previous readings from them, and then multiply by the existing tariff for one kilowatt-hour.

The problem is that sometimes in a particular area there can be a divided billing. For example, it can be somewhat reduced from 23.00 to 7.00. In this case, it makes sense to purchase a two-tariff meter. With it, it will be possible to record electricity more accurately and much more conveniently.

If there are more than two tariffs in a given area, then, accordingly, it is recommended to purchase a multi-tariff meter. But if there is only one tariff, then buying a two- and multi-tariff device will be a completely useless waste of money.

What are the permissible errors in the accuracy of the meter readings

According to modern requirements, meters are allowed for installation that correspond to an accuracy class of at least 2.0. Not so long ago it was possible to work with class 2.5 counters, but now this is prohibited.

Modern devices have a fairly high accuracy class. Where to look for the accuracy class of the electric meter.

It is better, however, to focus on devices of classes 1.0, 0.7 or even 0.5. The lower the number, the better. Firstly, this will allow you not to overpay due to the fact that the measurements are not made too accurately. Secondly, no one will guarantee that tomorrow the requirements will not change again - and then the owners of class 2.0 meters will be obliged to change equipment to class 1.0.

The accuracy class itself is indicated on the meter body, in a special circle.

Elena Vladimirovna Vorobieva, Sales Consultant: During the purchase of the counter, especially meticulously inspect the seal. Even if minor damage is observed on it, the controlling energy organization has the right to refuse to register such a meter.

Gennady Schukin, electrical equipment installer: There is an opinion that domestic-made meters are somewhat inferior to imported equipment for electricity metering. But in practice today there is absolutely no difference in quality, but the discrepancy in price can sometimes become quite significant.

Conclusion

If you try to draw some final line under everything that has been said, then here the buying strategy can be something like this. If the house does not have a large number of constantly working devices, then it is quite possible to get by with the usual induction single-phase device of accuracy class 2.0. But if the electricity consumption is high, then you can save on a higher accuracy of changes. This will require a counter of accuracy class 0.5 in electronic version.

This article will help you decide which electricity meter is best to put in an apartment. Here is stated complete classification existing devices by type of construction and energy, number of phases, billing of these devices, as well as all data on their selection and correct installation. The article discusses the most popular models and current prices for them.

Which electricity meter is better to put in an apartment: classification of devices

When looking for where to buy a meter for electricity, it is important not to forget that the choice and purchase of a device must be made taking into account all factors. The device is not subject to return and exchange if there are reasons that prevent its installation, because the registration of the sale is accompanied by making the appropriate marks in the passport. This document contains a serial number as well as a stamp affixed by a government attorney.

Replacing the old one with new device performed in the following cases:

• non-compliance of the device with the requirements put forward by the power company;
• device failure;
• moving into new housing.

Note! There is only one reason for returning an electric energy meter - the presence of a factory defect.

Devices for calculating electrical energy are classified according to the following criteria:

1. Construction type ( mechanical type or induction and electronic).
2. Number of phases (single- and three-phase).
3. Type of measured energy (devices for measuring reactive, active energy, as well as universal ones).
4. Tariffs (one-, two- and multi-tariff).

Which electricity meter is better for an apartment: prices, advantages and disadvantages of devices

Now such a problem as the replacement of electricity meters is especially relevant, at whose expense the installation of the device worries many citizens. From a theoretical point of view, measuring devices are included in the area of ​​​​responsibility of the electricity supplier company., But in fact, the solution of the issue falls on the shoulders of residents living in an apartment or in a private house, who are required by law to have a device for metering consumed electricity, as well as to carry out its timely replacement in case of non-compliance with the requirements or serious damage.

There are more than 400 types of measuring equipment for electricity on the market. When the task is to buy electricity meters for an apartment, the price in this case is of secondary importance.

Advantages and disadvantages of installing an electronic type electricity meter

Electronic designs are complex devices, the main task of which is to convert the incoming signal into digital format data. The result is reflected by a mechanical dial or screen.

Design advantages:

• the error in the readings is very small;
• functionality allows you to keep records within several tariffs;
• the percentage of theft of electrical energy is very small.

Note! Electronic designs have additional functionality that allows you to buy an electricity meter with a remote control, increased memory or a built-in clock.

Disadvantages of electronic type devices:

• high sensitivity to sudden voltage drops in the network;
• high price;
• designs are not particularly reliable in relation to operation;
• repairs are very expensive.

The average price of electricity meters in this category is in the range of 900-3100 rubles. The cost depends on design features device and the availability of additional functions, as well as from the manufacturer. Before deciding to buy electric meters with a remote control, it should be borne in mind that the cost of devices with remote control three times more than standard devices.

Prices for meters with remote control (remote control):

Why is it profitable to buy an induction electricity meter: strengths and weaknesses

Electromechanical devices are still found in old Soviet-era buildings. New generation devices have been significantly modified, however, they use a similar principle of operation. The design looks like a plastic box equipped with a viewing window. Through the glass, you can see the rotational movements of the disk and the accounting data on the consumption of electricity.

The meter is equipped with 2 coils that create electromagnetic fields due to the passing voltage. Thanks to these magnetic fluxes, an aluminum disk is set in motion, which affects the wheels that display numbers. The rotational speed of the disk in old electricity meters, as well as in new ones, depends on the volume of electricity consumption. This is also displayed on the indicators of the device.

Note! Outdated induction devices are gradually being phased out, although they are not without certain advantages.

Advantages of induction devices:

• reliability in relation to operation, low percentage of breakdowns;
• unlimited service life of electric meters;
• sudden voltage drops in the electrical network do not have negative impact on the device;
• affordable price.

This design option also has disadvantages:

• significant errors often occur in the readings;
• devices are absolutely not insured against theft of electricity;
• the device performs independent (self-propelled accounting without the participation of consumers).

The cost of induction type electric meters varies between 750-3300 rubles.

Prices for induction accounting equipment:

Electricity meters: types of structures by the number of phases

On sale there are devices with one or three phases. You need to buy a single-phase electric meter if the apartment is powered by a single-phase network, consisting of 2 wires, with a voltage level of 220 V. In this case, the maximum allowable network load is 10 kW. This type accounting equipment is most often used in private houses and city apartments.

Note! It is allowed to connect the device to a three-phase power supply, however, for this you need 3 devices - a single-phase electric meter for each phase.

The price of single-phase electricity meters is on average 870-2700 rubles.

If the house is fed by a network with 3 phases and a voltage of 380 V, it would be more expedient to buy a three-phase electric meter. The need for such powerful equipment is due to the high energy consumption.

Most often, these networks are powered by:

• apartment buildings;
• small industries and factories;
• workshops;
• panel board general purpose.

The average price of three-phase electricity meters is in the range of 2800-3300 rubles.

This type of equipment is also used in the private sector, if devices with high power consumption are used:

• three-phase electric motors;
• electric boilers for heating;
• welding machines and other specialized tools.

The price of three-phase electricity meters:

What is better to put electric meters in the apartment according to the accuracy class

The operation of any accounting equipment is accompanied by some errors in relation to the readings. Differences in its indicators depend on which class the counter belongs to. A deviation of only a few percent from the actual volume of consumption is allowed.

Household devices for apartments have an average deviation of 2%. In practice, this manifests itself as follows: if the consumer has spent 100 kW of electricity, then the data displayed by the meter will be in the range of 98-102 kW.

Note! The lower the accuracy value (class) in the technical data sheet of the device, the less errors occur when metering electricity. Such counters are much more expensive than others.

If you determine which electricity meters are better, based on the error rate, you should give preference to the 2nd class of devices. On sale there are devices of several varieties with different percentages of error:

• 0,2-05%;
• 2,5%;
• 1-2%.

Features of the choice of devices by accuracy class

Single-tariff and multi-tariff electricity meters: price and features

With the advent of electronic devices on the market, the system for recording data on consumed energy has changed significantly. Having completed the installation of an electric meter in an apartment, it is now possible to carry out accounting within several tariffs. Modern devices are able to support 2-3 tariffs, and some models even more.

How much do electricity meters cost: prices for four-tariff appliances:

The operation of a multi-tariff meter is based on a breakdown of accounting by time. For example, the calculation of energy consumption at a daily rate starts at 7.00 and ends at 23.00. The countdown of the night mode of billing starts at 23.00 and ends at 7.00.

Useful advice! The cost of electrical energy consumed during the day is much higher than at night. All energy-intensive costs, such as laundry, can be scheduled for the night to save.

The price of day/night electricity meters is much higher than conventional one-rate ones. But not all apartments have a significant difference between the cost of electricity during the day and at night, so the cost of buying multi-tariff equipment may not pay off. Before buying, it is worth making cost calculations broken down by day / night and comparing them with the results of a single tariff.

If the savings reach 35-50%, you can safely replace the electric meter in the apartment with a multi-tariff one, but if the difference is only 100-200 rubles, then such an acquisition would be inappropriate.

How much do electric meters for an apartment cost: prices for single-tariff appliances:

How to properly replace the electricity meter in the apartment

Devices of the modern generation are more advanced than older models, because they work out enough a large number of electrical energy, excluding the appearance of serious problems:

• drops;
• failures;
• short circuits and fires.

Requirements of Decree 442 on the replacement of electricity meters

According to the updated Decree No. 442, the rules for controlling the market with the retail sale of electrical energy have been changed. The document prescribes that the transmission of readings from electricity meters used by citizens of the Russian Federation should be carried out using exclusively electrical appliances, and the minimum acceptable accuracy class of devices is 2.0.

Note! If the accuracy class of the device is less than the permissible value, it should be carried out. Such a device can be used for the duration of its declared service life or until a serious breakdown.

After Decree No. 442 was issued, the service life of electric meters corresponds to the duration of the intertest interval - 6 years. This means that an inappropriate device can be used until the first check by the authorities, then it must be replaced. To date, the production of devices with an accuracy class below 2.0 is stopped. Repairs are also not allowed.

On the one hand, the procedure for changing metering equipment is designed to increase the safety of electricity operation, on the other hand, the question arises at whose expense the replacement of electricity meters is carried out. Subject to Article 221, payment for the replacement is made by the owner of the dwelling.

There are circumstances in which payment is made by the municipal service. This applies to those contracts received during the installation of electricity meters in an apartment where there is a corresponding mark, otherwise the owner will cover all costs on his own.

Related article:

What is the best device to choose? The main characteristics of the devices. Overview modern models. Connection and repair of rectifiers.

Terms of operation of the electric meter in the apartment

The operational life of any device is prescribed in the technical passport. During this period, subject to correct settings and the absence of violations of the operating rules, the device keeps a record of the energy consumed as accurately as possible. Therefore, all data obtained during this period can be considered reliable.

To check the service life of the device, just look at the technical data sheet. There is a note showing the time of the first check of the meter, performed on the territory of the manufacturing plant. Most often, the equipment is considered fit for 25-30 years, after which it is necessary to replace the device.

The terms for replacing electric meters in apartments are set after a scheduled check of the device:

1. If there is a meter in the apartment with an accuracy class of 2.0 or 1.0, then the planned verification of electricity meters is performed every 16 years. In the process of control, errors and any violations can be detected. Then the metrological service will recommend replacing the equipment. The average service life of such devices is 32 years.
2. If there is a device with an accuracy class of 2.5, the homeowner is obliged to replace the metering equipment after the expiration of its service life according to the technical passport. A signal for replacement can also be the detection of errors in the operation of the device.

Note! A law passed in 2012 mandates that all class 2.5 metering devices should be replaced with devices marked 2.0 or 1.0.

How much does it cost to replace electricity meters in apartments

All procedures for the installation of accounting equipment must be carried out by highly professional specialists. Electrical work is extremely difficult and dangerous. The electrician must have the right to carry out the unsealing and sealing of the meter. It is not forbidden to use the services of private companies, however, you should find out in advance whether the master has the appropriate permission. Otherwise, such actions may be illegal.

The cost of single-phase multi-tariff electricity meters Mercury is 1280-1400 rubles. The price of similar one-tariff devices is in the range of 670-700 rubles. Added to this is the cost of service for dismantling the old device, installing new equipment and connecting it.

Installation of electricity meters in an apartment: service prices:

How to change electricity meters in an apartment: features of the procedure

Replacement of metering equipment, as well as its maintenance, is one of the duties of the owner of the premises where the meter is located:

1. If the device is installed in a common corridor or on a common site, it acts as public property. In this case, the expiration dates of the electric meter, as well as its timely replacement, are controlled by the Homeowners Association, management company or the owner of the building if it is owned by an organization or municipality.
2. If the device is installed inside a shop or apartment, the entire responsibility for its condition and replacement rests with the owner.

Note! If the contract with the tenant of the apartment indicates that the responsibility for installing metering equipment is assigned to the energy supply company, then the latter performs the procedure for a fee or allocates the amount from the funds already paid (depending on the contract).

How to replace electricity meters in an apartment: a list of documentation

For residents of apartment buildings, a certain procedure for replacing electricity meters is provided:

1. Submission of an application.
2. Providing the necessary package of documents.
3. Drawing up an act.
4. Meter verification procedure.
5. Sealing the device and issuing a certificate confirming this.

All documents are drawn up in accordance with the norms prescribed for them by law.

Information that appears in the application:

1. Document's name.
2. Date of compilation and place.
3. The name of the applicant and his data (telephone, email and postal addresses).
4. The address of the location of the facility where the equipment will be replaced.
5. Requirements for a new device.
6. Details assigned to the power supply contract.

To apply, you will need a standard package of documents provided for by the procedure:

1. A document identifying the owner of the property where the meter is installed that needs to be replaced.
2. A power of attorney, if the application is submitted by a representative of the property owner.
3. Passport of a citizen with marks confirming registration.

Note! After reviewing the listed documents, the authorized bodies decide whether to replace the equipment. As a result, an act of replacement is signed between the contractor and the applicant.

Data recorded in the act:

1. Place of installation of a new accounting device.
2. The address where the apartment building is located.
3. Technical data of devices to be replaced (date of manufacture, type of device, its number, it is necessary at the time of drawing up the act).
4. Technical data of new devices.
5. Date of installation of new equipment.
6. Name of legal entity the person replacing the equipment.

The specialist fills in all the fields of the document in two copies, one of which is given to the applicant.

Mercury electricity meters: prices and reviews

The most popular manufacturer of electricity metering equipment on the market is Incotex. Mercury 201 electricity meters are the most popular and optimal single-phase type devices. This category of devices is aimed at accounting for active energy.

The price of single-phase electricity meters Mercury 201 (single-tariff devices):

Note! The prices for electricity meters Mercury 201 and 200, indicated in the table, may differ from the real data. The exact cost depends on the company involved in the sale of accounting equipment.

Below are the reviews left by buyers of electricity meters Mercury 201 reviews from the forums:

“My meter is in the entrance. The device worked properly, did not cause problems until receipts with large amounts began to arrive. It turns out that the device needed to be replaced a long time ago. As I was told, the readings of obsolete equipment are calculated according to the standards of electricity consumption per person without a meter. Most of the neighbors had Incotex devices, and I decided to stop at the Mercury counter. Upon closer examination, it turned out that the body is made entirely of plastic. This means that the device is completely safe. Numerical data on the dial is clearly visible. In general, I am satisfied with my purchase, although the old counter suited me quite well.

Victoria Bendas, Moscow

“When it came time to change the meter, on the advice of experts, I bought a single-phase one - Mercury 201. The device is safe and reliable. For six months of operation, I did not reveal any shortcomings. ”

Evgeny Doroshenko, Yekaterinburg

Features of connecting a single-phase electricity meter

For most models of devices, the connection diagram for single-phase electricity meters is directly the same. Single-phase equipment is equipped with 4 terminals, which is typical for devices in this category. Electrical cables are connected to them.

Rules for installing single-phase electric meters:

1. Terminal No. 1 is the input to which the phase wire is connected.
2. Terminal No. 2 - output for connecting el. wires leading to the apartment.
3. Terminal No. 3 is an input intended for a neutral wire.
4. Terminal No. 4 is the output to which the neutral wire is connected.

If you study in detail the diagram explaining how to connect single-phase electricity meters, even the owner of the apartment can handle this procedure. Most often, device manufacturers post instructions with inside boxes.

Note! At self-connection be sure to contact the power company to remove the seal and install it on the new appliance. Unsealed devices are not allowed for operation, therefore, the installation of the seal should be carried out as much as possible. short time after the meter is checked and connected.

To securely fix email. wires on the terminals of the device, it is recommended to use the screw fastening method. The terminals, which serve as outputs, pass current to the distributors and protective elements. The general purpose terminal for the neutral wire supplies "phase" to (protective elements) and fuses. For this reason, it would be more rational to install all the devices used in one shield.

Special protective shields increase the reliability of fixing the device and additional devices. Optimal Level shield mounting is 170 cm from the floor. To make the counter convenient to use, this indicator is calculated based on the growth of the owner of the apartment.

Recommendations for installing metering equipment

To seamlessly install electricity meters, experts recommend using the appropriate tool:

• forceps;
• pliers;
• insulation stripping pliers protective coating from wires.

Before performing work, you need to make sure that the lead wire is available. It must be turned off for the period when all work will be done, so this operation must be safe and painless.

Be sure to follow all safety rules, isolate all sections of wires with high quality and be extremely attentive to the implementation of each action. You also need to take care of obtaining the appropriate permission from the control authorities and have the necessary documents available.