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Mandatory replacement of electricity meters. What electric meters need to be changed and why

The electricity meter is something that everyone has to deal with. And it doesn’t matter if you are a techie or a humanist, you need to understand the device. It depends on how much electricity will be at the end of the month. If you only know about an electric meter that it hangs somewhere in the hallway, and sometimes people in overalls come to “take readings,” think about it. Maybe it has been working incorrectly for a long time and it is time to change it?

When is it time to change the electricity meter

The electricity meter is considered out of order if:

Measurement results are not displayed.
There are violations of control seals and (or) verification marks.
The device has mechanical damage.
The permissible error of readings has been exceeded.
The calibration interval of the device has expired.

Measurement results are not displayed / there is no seal / there are mechanical damages

The disk of the induction electric meter does not rotate or rotates jerkily.
At electronic electricity meter display or indicator does not work.
The protective seal is broken or the special sticker is damaged.
The tightness of the meter housing is broken, there is through holes or cracks.
Sight glass damaged or broken.

The meter incorrectly displays the amount of electricity consumed

The meter works when electrical appliances are turned off

This phenomenon is called self-propelled. To exclude it, it is enough to conduct a simple experiment: turn off all the switches on the shield, except for the input one (suitable for the counter). Thus, you will de-energize the apartment, but leave the electricity meter running. And now you need to carefully monitor the disk or indicator light on the counter.

Do not climb into the shield without a minimum knowledge of safety rules: electricity is not a toy! And do not forget before de-energizing the apartment, save all documents on the computer and turn off complex equipment.

If there is no self-propelled device on the device, then in 15 minutes the disk will make no more than one full revolution, and the indicator will blink no more than once. Does everything happen more often? This means that the electric meter itself winds up readings, and you overpay.

The accuracy class of the device does not meet regulatory requirements

Each electricity meter has its own accuracy class. It reports the allowable measurement error. The accuracy class of the counter is indicated on the dial in a circle:

According to current legislation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.05.2012 N 442 (as amended on 10/20/2016) "On the functioning of retail markets for electrical energy, full and (or) partial restriction of the mode of consumption of electrical energy", only metering devices with an accuracy class of 2.0 and higher (that is, 1.5 or 1) can be used. This means that such a device will display the spent 100 watts with a maximum error of 2%: from 98 to 102 watts.

If your meter has an accuracy class of 2.5 or more, the device must be replaced. Since in this case, the energy supply company may absolutely legally not accept his testimony for calculation and require Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" pay for the light based on the relevant standards. And they may be higher than your level of consumption.

The measurement error is greater than the prescribed

Even if the accuracy class is correct, the device may incorrectly take into account the consumption. Or overestimate (which makes us overpay), or underestimate the readings (and for this you may be sued by the power supply organization). Checking the health of the counter is easy.

Turn off all electrical appliances in the house.
The meter reading should not change after this: write it down or memorize it.
Turn on one appliance with known power consumption. For example, a 100 watt light bulb.
After an hour, check the meter reading. They should increase exactly by the level of electricity consumption of the switched on device. In the case of a light bulb, the readings would have to change by 0.1 kW.
If the meter readings are different, they must differ from those required by the error provided for by its accuracy class, that is, by a maximum of 2%.
If the permissible error is exceeded, it is time to change the counter.

The calibration interval of the device has expired

The calibration interval is the period during which the exact operation of a particular instrument is guaranteed. It is set by the manufacturer, indicated in the accompanying documentation for the meter and is usually 6–16 years. When this period ends, the electricity meter must be checked. This can be done by submitting an application to the subscriber department of the power supply organization.

Take a look at the technical data sheet of your meter. If the calibration interval has long expired, the meter must be replaced.

By the way, if you are still using an electric meter from the 50s-80s of release, and the house is full of modern appliances, it's time to sound the alarm. Counters of the last century are not designed to work with energy-intensive household appliances. Due to current overload, there may be a risk of fire.

How to choose a new electricity meter

An electricity meter must be chosen not only in terms of appearance and price, but also in terms of technical needs.

Mains type

Counters are single- and three-phase. To choose the right one, determine how many phases your network has. This can be done in several ways:

See which cable is suitable for the introductory machine and the meter. If it has two cores (phase and zero), you need a single-phase meter. If there are four cores (three phases and zero), you need a multi-phase one.
Look at the scoreboard of the old counter. If only one number is indicated on it (220 or 230 V), there is one phase in the network. If several (220/380 or 230/400 V) - three.

Number of electrical appliances

An important criterion for choosing a meter is the maximum current that can be passed through it. For an ordinary consumer of electricity, a value of 40–60 A is enough. However, if your apartment is packed to capacity modern technology, it is better to choose a counter with a margin. If the operating current is greater than the maximum, the meter may burn out.

Tariff plan

Check whether you are paying for electricity at a general rate (one price per kW) or “day-night” (at night, the cost of kW is lower). Depending on this, choose a counter. The multi-tariff will provide for viewing individual readings by time of day.

Mounting method

Different counters are installed either with bolts or on a special rail. Look at the mount of the old device and select suitable model. To avoid problems with fastening, take a photo of the electrical panel and show it to the store consultant.

Device release date

Pay attention to the age of the counter. Single-phase should be released no more than two years ago, and three-phase - no more than a year. Otherwise, before installation, you will have to carry out the verification procedure for the meter. The release date is indicated on the electric meter panel or in the device passport.

Additional functions

Here you can roam. Now they produce counters with backlight, time and date display, internal memory and built-in GSM modems. All this is not necessary for accurate measurement of consumed electricity, but it can be useful to you.

How to replace the electricity meter

Buy a new meter and apply for a replacement at the utility's customer service department. A specialist who has access to such work and has the appropriate authority will remove the old and install a new device, seal the meter and record all the necessary readings.

Do not try to replace the electricity meter yourself. It's for life and illegal.

Every year the population uses everything in their families large quantity various household electrical appliances. At the same time, buying another powerful unit, we are simply happy with the purchase, not paying attention to the low throughput counter installed in the apartment. This is especially affected by old-style electricity meters, which have an accuracy class of 2.5 and which are not subject to verification. Receiving significant overloads, they can cause a fire, because it is in them that most often occurs short circuit. Thus, the old-style meter really endangers the lives and property of citizens.

Electric meters: terms of work

By their own specifications the mechanisms of each device operate in the standard mode in a certain period of time. For the meter, such a time interval is the interval between verifications. Only at this time the values measured by him are correct and correspond to reality. At the end of the term, technical check electric meter, for compliance with it necessary requirements in other words - state verification.

Highly most of housing stock in former USSR Built in the early 60's - late 80's. In all these houses, old-style meters were installed, whose service life has ended a very long time ago. Due to purely mechanical wear and tear, they cannot accurately record electricity consumption. And here there should be, first of all, the interest of the owner of the meter, so that the readings are reliable, because it is on them that the calculation for the consumed electricity is made.

In addition, the old meters themselves are low-ampere, and they cannot afford the modern loads of energy-intensive household appliances. Therefore, now more and more often many people need to install more modern and accurate electricity meters with an accuracy class of 2.0.

Do I need to change the electric meter to a new one?

AT recent times very often during routine inspections revealed a large number of old electricity meters with serious deviations from the norm: from mechanical damage, before the expiration date. As a result of such checks, their replacement is recommended. If the recommendations are not followed, all consumed electricity is calculated according to the power of the appliances installed in the apartment. For the consumer, such a calculation is much more expensive than purchasing and. Installation and sealing of metering devices is carried out by a representative of the organization - the supplier of electricity.

At self installation, the invited specialist should check the installation of the metering scheme. When correct installation schemes, the meter is sealed, after which its operation is allowed. In addition, the specialist draws up an act of replacement and takes the initial readings of the electric meter. Only after all these measures have been taken, the calculation for the consumed electricity will be made according to the readings of the new meter.

Recently, the replacement of the electric meter is increasingly becoming a necessity. Many want to install meters that can separately count electricity in different time(multi-tariff), in some cases this is necessary, as the meter broke down or began to work incorrectly. To determine who should pay for the work and the meter itself, several factors must be taken into account.

In what cases it is necessary to change the electric meter

There are three main reasons for the need to replace the electricity meter:

Modernization of the network or planned replacement of metering devices.
Expiration of service life (not intertest interval).
Breakage and failure, incorrect charges.
Desire to install.

It is worth explaining the second point - everything is clear with the rest. Each meter has a certain working resource, after which it begins to incorrectly record the consumed electricity. In most cases, this can be fixed with a repair, but the cost of a repair is commensurate with the cost of a new one. Therefore, in such cases, most often they decide to change the electric meter. And rightly so: after repair, it can quickly fail or start to “lie” again.

The second point: if the meter has expired, it is most likely many years old and it is not designed for the amount of electricity that we need now. This may be the reason that you often knock out traffic jams or the automatic protection works.

At whose expense

When changing an electricity meter, owners of private houses almost always pay the cost of the meter and work themselves. It is their property and their responsibility. With the owners of privatized apartments, the story is almost the same - if the meter is installed in the apartment, the owner of the apartment pays for the replacement of the electricity meter. But, in principle, there may be options: you need to carefully read the contract that you have concluded with the energy supply organization. There are clauses about who should pay for replacement and maintenance. If you signed a standard contract, then all responsibility lies with you. If you made changes and the contract is signed with changes, then the organization that is written in the contract will pay.

If in apartment building energy meters are on landing, the replacement of the electric meter occurs at the expense of the management campaign, since in this case it is a common house property. In case of damage, failure, expiration of the service life, it pays for the replacement of the management company, which concludes a contract for the performance of work with an energy supply organization.

The same is the case with municipal (not privatized) apartments. Maintenance and the replacement of electricity meters is carried out at the expense of the management campaign.

There is only one point: the management company pays for the replacement of the electric meter only if it is non-working, obviously lying, or they have a planned replacement. If you wanted to change common appliance accounting for, pay for everything - both the meter and installation - to you.

Who should put and the order of work

If the replacement of the meter is paid for by the management company, they themselves conclude contracts for the work. Usually - with the energy supply organization. If, according to the contract, the replacement is your responsibility, you have two options - to produce or pay all the same energy supplier. The option to hire a third-party company is not the best, since problems can arise during admission, because if you wish, you can always find something to complain about.

In any case, the replacement of the electricity meter occurs with the permission of the energy sales campaign. Even in the event of a complete malfunction and stop of the device, nothing can be done without permission. You need to inform Energosbyt. After that, their representative should come to you, write off the meter readings, and only after that you can start work. For all the time while the meter is not working, payment is charged according to the standards approved in the region.

Upon completion of work on replacing the meter, representatives of the energy supply organization must seal it and give you an act of work performed, which indicates the series and number of the meter, the number of the seal, and the current readings. If you entered into an agreement with the energy retailer, an act on the provision of services and a registration certificate for the meter with signatures and seals. Based on all this, you can conclude a service contract. After that, we can assume that the replacement of the electric meter is over.

Back in the late 18th century counters electrical energy have become essential and indispensable in everyday life. Such devices are needed to determine the consumption of AC or DC electricity. Like any technical devices They must be constantly checked and, if necessary, replaced.

The terms of operation, verification of such a device are determined by the manufacturer. If necessary, the old device is dismantled and a new one is installed. The replacement of the electric meter must be carried out by qualified specialists, for example, the masters of the energy supply company PJSC Mosenergosbyt.

Classification and types of counters

Today, consumers, to account for the used electricity, mainly use two types of electricity meters - induction and electronic. Early mass consumers used induction metering devices. To date, they are physically and morally obsolete and do not provide proper reliability in accounting for the use of electricity. Because of its primitiveness, this device will not allow multi-tariff accounting, he does not have the opportunity to read the readings of the device at a distance.

Electronic meters provide accurate readings of electricity consumption and the consumer does not have to pay more. Such devices are multi-tariff, for example, "day" or "night", which will rationally distribute the cost of electricity and save money. Such devices tolerate changes in temperature and humidity well and can be installed even on the street. Therefore, if possible, such induction devices can be changed to electronic, and all new houses are equipped only with such devices.

Electronic meters have certain differences in functionality. For the client, such indicators as "accuracy class" and "tariff" are fundamentally important.

“Accuracy class” is one of the main characteristics that determines the level of deviations in meter measurements. Until the middle of the last century, all devices had an accuracy class of 2.5 - the measurement error was a little more than two percent. In 1996 began to apply new standard accuracy - 2.0, which was the main reason that they began to change induction meters to electronic ones.
"Tariff" is an important detail in the calculations for consumption. Previously, all devices were only single-tariff, they were calculated at a single price per kW. Modern devices involve taking into account consumption not only by time of day, but even by season. Their price depends on the model and on the type of tariff.

Any of the metering devices has a certain period - the calibration interval, after which it is necessary to verify the meter.

For induction it is 8 years, and for electronic models it is 16 years. If during verification damages, inaccuracies in the readings are found, it will be necessary to dismantle and replace the device. When, and at whose expense this will be done, is decided on the spot with the consumer. Most customers, after the expiration of the term of use, immediately order a new meter, which will allow them to avoid unnecessary costs in the future.

Why is it necessary to change electricity meters

After a certain time, you have to change the counters. This may be a planned replacement after verification, repairs can be made. All these procedures are mandatory and must be carried out in accordance with applicable laws.

In this regard, the consumer has questions - how to properly replace the device, and how much it will cost. The main reasons why you need to change:

device expires;
verification has not been carried out for more than two years;
a certain breakdown - a crack on the glass, the disk does not rotate, the error is more than 2.5);
improvement of the device;

To account for the consumption of electricity, those meters that are approved and meet the standards are suitable. The choice of a meter should be entrusted to a specialist who, when choosing a device, will take into account all necessary subtleties- the type of wiring in the house, the existing capacity, the condition of the internal wiring. Consideration of technical possibilities will also be important:

what type of connection - direct connection to the circuit or transformer;
what type of meter - single-phase or three-phase;
what consumption accounting structure - single-tariff or multi-tariff;
what is the meter model.

Who pays for the replacement of the meter

Such a question - how at whose expense the replacement of meters can be made, excites many. For the moment that the device is intact and working normally, the owner is responsible. If the housing is privatized, the owner will bear all financial costs for installation and maintenance. If the property is not owned, the City will pay all costs.

If the appliance is located outside the apartment, for example, on stairwell, it is the property of the house, and all questions - at whose expense the device will be replaced, should be asked to the management company.

Replacing a mosenergosbyt electricity meter may be free of charge for certain groups of the population. These include preferential categories- Veterans of the Great patriotic war, large families, people with low income. If a scheduled replacement occurs, the device is under warranty from the manufacturer. Mosenergosbyt can also make a replacement for free, but sometimes the bill for payment can only be for the work of the master.

Replacing an electric meter by Mosenergosbyt

Electricity consumption metering devices must be replaced by an energy sales company. PJSC "Mosenergosbyt" - Russian company, which implements the implementation of a large percentage of electrical energy. Experts with vast experience are aware of all the subtleties, they will quickly and efficiently install the electric meter, give a guarantee for the device itself, and for its work. The specialist will competently dismantle the old meter, take the last readings of the device, and after replacement, put a seal and draw up required document. All payments for electricity, according to the new meter, are carried out after its registration and sealing.

In order to carry out a replacement, an application is required. You can issue it in several ways - leave it on the company's website, write an application at the Mosenergosbyt office, sign up by phone.

Mosenergosbyt PJSC mainly installs Mercury and Energomera electric meters. These types are distinguished by high technical parameters, they perfectly combine modern appearance, they combine modern design and required features. These multi-tariff meters have a special built-in memory, which makes it possible to accumulate and save all formats and parameters in memory during a power outage.

If it is necessary to replace the meter or transfer it to multi-tariff accounting, a specialist can do this in one visit. For the process of replacing the metering device, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional works:

dismantling of the old electric meter;
installation and assembly of a new multi-tariff device;
study of the programmed device for multi-tariff accounting;
control of the correctness of the connection and inclusion scheme;
sealing of the electric meter.

One of the newfangled is considered to be a meter with a built-in GSM modem, with which it will be possible to take readings of electricity consumption at a distance.

The installation procedure itself is not very different from installing a conventional meter, the specialist will additionally install a SIM card, then make settings, check the connection with the base station and the main computer. Modern device with a GSM modem does not require any additional conditions, it is installed quite simply, like a conventional consumption meter.

After installing the meter, or when the old device was changed to a new one, the specialist must leave the client a package of documents - an agreement between the consumer and Mosenergosbyt PJSC, an act of providing services, a passport for an electrical device.

Electricity meters, with the help of which consumers take into account the consumption of electricity, are designed for all customers. They can be primitive - induction, and modern - electronic, with the necessary technical requirements having different modifications, be multi-tariff. Also, installation and replacement can be carried out both at the expense of the consumer, and free of charge, at the expense of Mosenergosbyt PJSC.

Modern electricity meters have become more accurate than their previous counterparts and work with current transfer up to 60 amperes. Considering the fact that 2.5 accuracy models are already considered obsolete, today it is advisable to replace them with higher accuracy models, for example, 2.0 or 1.0. However, this is not the reason why the owners are obliged to change meters in a forced form. In practice, such replacements are carried out once every sixteen years.

Answers to questions about what is the life of the electricity meter and when to change the electricity meter can be found in the acts of government regulations Russian Federation. The provisions are most clearly reflected in article 543 of the current Civil Code. It, in particular, says that the owner, who is individual and using energy resources solely for domestic purposes, for technical condition meters are not responding. This is managed by the energy organization. However, in practice, the responsibility for maintaining the equipment is often shifted to the owners of real estate or to management companies that act on behalf of the residents.

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Must be dismantled

For citizens living in an apartment, it does not matter where the electricity meters are installed. Regardless of whether they are mounted inside the dwelling or equipped in the stairwell, electricity meters remain the personal property of the homeowners. An exception may be other conditions fixed by the contract in due course.

Cases in which replacement is required:

In the event that the owner of the residential property discovered that the term for using the meter has expired, he is obliged to officially, that is, in writing, notify the contractor about this utilities, be it a management company or an energy organization. Then, within two weeks, it is necessary to replace the unusable device. If you do not do this on time, you will have to pay for the consumed service at tariffs with an increasing coefficient.

How to arrange everything correctly?

There may be several reasons for changing the electric meter, as mentioned earlier. However, whatever the reason, the sequence of actions as a whole remains the same. As a standard, the owner of real estate will need:

Breaking established order described above, you should be prepared for the fact that very soon you will have to pay a fine.

Choice of accounting device

When choosing a new electricity meter, the owner is primarily guided by the recommendations received from the energy company in terms of required models. However, the role of the owner does not end there. You also have to make a choice about how accurate to buy a device. The optimal solution it will be 1.0 or 0.5 - these are indicators of the accuracy class of the equipment that are indicated on them directly above (the number circled in a circle).

Having decided on the accuracy, you need to make sure that the meter is included in the list of the state register of foreign metering devices, has passed quality certification, and is also approved for operation on the territory of the Russian Federation. The selected equipment must be sealed by state principals with the date and stamp of the inspection.

It is important to pay attention to when the electricity meters were made. This nuance is of considerable importance, since there should not be a time gap of more than two years for single-phase devices and no more than one year for three-phase meters between the date of manufacture of the equipment and the date of its installation in the room.

The last thing the owner needs to decide is the place where the new accounting device will be installed. It doesn't have to be the same as where the old electricity meter was before.

Who to agree with?

After it is determined how long the electricity meter needs to be changed according to plan or a reason for early replacement is found, the owner needs to decide where he will apply for its installation. The law does not establish strict restrictions in this matter.

Where to go to replace the light meter:

To any specialized organization engaged in electrical work;
To the management company responsible for the electrical in-house system of an apartment building;
To the network organization, if the house is private;
To a familiar electrician, with whom without fail a contract is required;
Replace the meter yourself if you have the appropriate qualifications and specialized education.

When the equipment has been completely changed, a mandatory procedure is the introduction of a new accounting device into operation. You can do this through your management company or energy organization. As soon as everything necessary work will be made, the owner will be issued an act confirming the fact of replacing the meter, signed by all parties to the procedure.

Who owns the property?

Not less than important nuance in covering the issue of replacing electricity meters is the form of ownership of residential real estate, which most of all concerns apartments. If we are talking about privatized, personal property, then all responsibility for metering devices, financial costs for the purchase of equipment and its installation fall directly on the owner of the home. This fact, as a rule, is fixed in the contract with the energy or management company. Responsibility for the delay in replacement, verification, lack of notifications will have to be borne to the fullest extent of the law. As soon as the responsible authority learns of the violation, fines are charged for this.

In social apartments, the responsibility for electricity meters, referring to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, lies with the municipality. This rule has not changed for more than a dozen years and is unlikely to ever be changed, since the tenant under a social tenancy agreement is not the owner of the home. These rules also do not depend on the number of years lived in the apartment.

However, not many people know that the same municipal authorities, taking advantage of the ignorance of citizens, quite legally shift their obligations to residents, indicating the relevant clauses in the contract, which, unfortunately, few people read carefully.