The device of sewer wells of different types. Sewer wells: a complete classification and examples of arrangement How to make a sewer well

It is usually necessary to build a sewer system when building a new house. In this case, it is necessary to prepare for work and follow the recommendations of professionals. You also need to stock up on certain tools. Sewerage will make life much more comfortable. It should also be borne in mind that only a few days will be spent on work, and almost all procedures can be done by hand. Pumping of sewer wells is carried out by special services.

Types of wells

Not every cottage owner can hire a professional team of builders who will install a sewer well. In addition, if you follow the instructions, there will be no difficulties during the construction process. First you need to choose the type of septic tank for a private house.

There are several main types of septic tanks:

• Manholes located on straight sections. Such facilities provide complete control of the state of the sewer network.
• Swivel. When installing such structures, you can avoid a large number of problems associated with the turns of the communication network. For example, leaks may occur at bends in pipes.
• Nodal wells are mounted in places of divorce.
• Differential type plants are arranged in the case when the site location conditions do not allow the pipes to be installed at the same level.
• Accumulative installations represent the end of the sewerage system. They are used to collect wastewater.

Sewer systems in the country can be performed in various forms. The simplest structure is a round shaft, or an installation in the form of a rectangle. Such wells are quite easy to install and maintain.

Well location

One of the main problems that arise during the construction of a septic tank in the country is the choice of its installation site. In the case of hiring a professional team, you don’t have to worry about the intricacies of installing a well. However, if you decide to equip it yourself, you will have to learn about the special norms of SNIP.

First you need to more carefully get acquainted with the area on which it is planned to install the well. It is necessary to determine where the pipe will be removed from - from the basement or basement. It is also necessary to determine on which side of the building to place the septic tank.

Attention! The installation site of the storage well in the country house must be made such that it is accessible for the access of equipment that pumps out wastewater. It should be equipped with access roads.

It is also worth considering a few other features of choosing a place:

• When creating a well with your own hands, knowing SNIP is required without fail. A distance of 15 m should be made between the observation type structures. The first well should be located at a distance from the house no closer than 3 m and no further than 12 m. The filtration well is installed at the maximum distance from the well or mine from which drinking water is drawn . The distance between them must be at least 30 m.
• In the sewerage system, an important role is played by pipes through which sewage flows. In the gap that is located between the outlet of the sewerage network from the house and the well, you should not make turns that are not equipped with wells. Neglecting this rule may affect the efficiency of the entire system - wastewater will accumulate in the pipes.

When installing a sewerage system in a country house, it is important to take into account that only when all the subtleties of installation are completed, the comfort of staying in the house can be ensured.

Construction dimensions

Installation of a sewer well on the site is carried out within a few days. Before determining the volume of the structure, you should find out which well will be installed in a particular place. If a storage structure is arranged, it is better to make it quite large. This will ensure less frequent cleaning.

However, the impressive volume suggests the presence of a large amount of sewage. It will take much more time to clean the structure than in the case of a small tank. To accurately determine the size of the well, its indicators should be calculated using a special formula, depending on the size of the house and the number of people living in it.

Attention! The water consumption and the volume of the well also depend on the volume of water consumption and certain conditions for using the sewer system.

It is worth considering the average data:

• We can say that for 1 person, on average, about 150 liters of wastewater per day is obtained.
• If a family of 4 lives in the house, the volume of wastewater will be 700 liters. However, such indicators do not take into account the frequent use of appliances that consume water.
• The well should be of such a size as to take into account the minimum consumption for 3 days. For a family of 4, its volume should be made equal to 2.5 m 3.

It is worth noting that with the frequent invitation of guests, additional waste of water should be taken into account. It must also be remembered that the level of wastewater should not reach 1 m from the top edge of the structure. If you do not monitor the level of wastewater, they can easily overflow.

Rotary and nodal wells are made smaller. For example, a drop structure will be sized to take into account the height of the drop. The stronger the drop is made, the larger the well should have. However, there is a certain limitation - it is not worth performing it deeper than 3 m. This is due to the fact that cleaning the structure in this case will be very difficult.

Sanitary standards

When deciding whether to make the well airtight or leave a certain number of holes for the outlet of wastewater, you should familiarize yourself with the GOST standards. Sewer wells with more than 1 m 3 of flow must be sealed. Otherwise, it is necessary to equip a sufficiently high-quality cleaning system.

If the standards are not followed, the bacteria that live in the soil will not cope with water purification. Sewage will fall into the ground and into agricultural plantations.

According to established standards, if it is necessary to build a sealed well, it should be concreted. It also needs to be sealed. However, it is worth considering that to create a sealed well, you will need to prepare a lot of consumables. It is also worth taking care of the private disposal of wastewater.

The most popular option is with the construction of an installation with a filter bottom. Through it, the purification of impurities will be performed.

Attention! If a decision is made to complete a well with a septic tank, certain requirements must be met. For example, the depth is calculated according to the type of soil.

Wells of differential, nodal and rotary type are completely sealed. It is also worth remembering that when draining domestic water into the sewer, you should not install a filter well. This is due to the draining of chemicals and detergents. Repair of sewer wells after proper installation is extremely rare.

Well construction

The construction of a well is carried out in accordance with certain stages. Particular attention should be paid to such works:

• First you need to dig a hole of the required volume. Such work is carried out manually or with the help of an excavator. In the latter case, it will take much less time.
• The bottom of the filtration well is covered with rubble. Its layer should have a height of 40 cm. You should find out at what depth the soil waters lie. If it is high, only sealed structures are allowed. Otherwise, the risk of serious diseases of people living on the site increases. Groundwater will be polluted with sewage, which can cause significant fines.
• As soon as the pit is ready, the bottom of the structure should be laid. For this purpose, you will need to install a stove. The bottom is made with a certain slope, which should be directed towards the hatch. Next, you need to install the walls and connect the pipe. Walls should be treated with sealant.

After that, it is necessary to install an overlap with a hatch, covered with earth. This solution will provide reliable thermal insulation of the well. The hatch must be made in such a way that it opens freely. A ventilation pipe is also being constructed, which will come to the surface 60 cm above ground level. If ventilation is not done, explosive methane will form in the tank.

Once everything is installed, you can start operating the sewer system. However, it is worth remembering that the fullness of the well should be monitored regularly. As soon as the tank is full, you need to call the vacuum truck.

Attention! To increase the time interval between the calls of the vacuum trucks, you should use various drugs. In summer it is better to use bioactivators. They are absolutely safe for the environment. In winter it is necessary to use chemicals.

Being the owner of your own suburban area and not having your own well is probably not the best option. Yes, of course, some holiday villages are equipped with a centralized water supply system, but it’s still better to be completely independent of the “whims” of public utilities. The well will also become a source of clean drinking water, and will satisfy all household needs, and will provide irrigation of the garden plot, but only if it will be configured correctly.

— materials and tools for waterproofing works.

Most modern wells are made of reinforced concrete rings. It is best to purchase such products that have a “quarter” locking part for centered and tight fit of the rings to each other. Standard ring size - 1000 mm - inner diameter, 1160 - outer diameter, wall thickness - 80 mm, maximum height - 900 mm. Such a product (KS-10-9) weighs 600 kg. If necessary, you can purchase rings of the same diameter, but of a lower height - 300, 500 or 600 mm. There are holes on the walls of such rings for inserting slings when hanging them and lowering them into the shaft.

You should immediately warn against the purchase of low-quality, illiquid rings that are damaged or have already been in operation. Such savings here are not only inappropriate, but can also be dangerous, since the practice of arranging wells knows many cases of rupture, distortion, bursting of rings with all possible consequences.

How many rings are needed is an individual question for each specific place. It is worth asking the neighbors how deep their well is, this figure should not change much. At the same time, the very design of the well is taken into account - the height of the aquifer itself, the trunk and the head.

Digging a well and installing rings

• Work begins with markings on the surface of the soil. For these purposes, as well as to control compliance with the dimensions of future penetration, it is necessary to build a simple device - a crosspiece of two rails, with a length equal to the required shaft diameter.

Cross - a template for further work

If the ring has an outer diameter of 1160, then the shaft should be marked approximately 200 - 300 mm wider, i.e. Ø from 1350 to 1450 mm with the open method of constructing a well (more on this below). With the closed method, the minimum required gap is left - so that the ring passes into the shaft without distortion.

• They remove the top layer of soil with sod and begin to delve into dense layers of soil.

All selected land must be at least 3 meters from the pit from the place of work. You can even immediately take it away, for example, to a place where it is planned to build an "alpine hill". When the clay layer begins, it is better to store the selected clay separately - it will come in handy in the future for waterproofing the well.

• After having gone deep to the height of the first ring, a tripod or other structure is installed on which lifting mechanisms are mounted, and further work can be planned in different ways:

1. You can install exactly the first ring and continue to dig under it - it will fall under its own weight.

As the subsidence proceeds, the next ring is installed on the first one, and they are fastened together with staples - and so on up to the aquifer. This method is called "closed", and is more relevant on problematic, quicksand soils, with quicksand, underground "rivers", etc. Thus, the excavator always works in a concrete ring, which descends with him as the soil is excavated.

This method is not considered optimal, as it has many disadvantages. So, a big boulder that has fallen under the wall of the ring can become a big problem when driving - it will not be easy to pull it out, and sometimes even impossible. But on the other hand, for the installation of the next rings, complex lifting equipment is not required, since it is always carried out at the top.

2. The second method is called "open" and involves digging the shaft to the entire required depth, followed by the installation of rings. Disadvantages - a much larger volume of soil to be selected, difficulties with mounting and fastening rings (work is carried out at a considerable depth), there is always a danger of shedding or even collapse of the walls of the mine, especially when unstable aquifers begin or a quicksand breaks through the wall - a source of "top water" .

3. Proceeding from the false, the mixed method will probably be optimal. At first, the work goes by the open method, but before the first sign of wall instability or the appearance of signs of perched water. Then, reinforced concrete rings are immediately lowered to the excavated depth, and further excavation is carried out using a closed technology, with the deposition of the growing well shaft. Most often, this approach is used in practice.

• The work becomes more complicated when the aquifer is reached - according to the rules, it is necessary to settle the trunk for at least one more, and preferably two rings. Often it is necessary to provide a constant pumping of incoming water. Before entering this layer, the joints of the lower rings are immediately subject to sealing with special cement-containing formulations.

• The extension of the well shaft is carried out in such a way that the upper ring protrudes approximately 500 mm above ground level. In the future, this head can be made out in a log house or in another way, a crank mechanism is arranged above it for lifting the bucket.

Video: methods of digging wells from reinforced concrete rings

After the well is completely torn off throughout the depth, it is necessary to pump out all the water and silt from it in order to arrange a bottom filter.

Well bottom filter

Without this element, the water in the well will not have the purity that the owner probably expects. The keys beating at the bottom of the well can raise turbidity, sand, and in the case of quicksand (the current sand is extremely saturated with water), it will simply overgrow and become shallow very quickly.

The choice of a bottom filter depends on the state of the bottom - what kind of soil forms it:

• If the bottom is dense clay through which springs flow, then, as a rule, the water will be clean, and there is not even a need for a bottom filter. Moreover, its installation can even reduce the debit of the well. Light turbidity, if any, will be easy to eliminate with a conventional household filtration system.
• If the bottom is formed by soft clay, then it will be constantly eroded by incoming water flows. The water becomes unnecessarily turbid, and its intake is only possible from the upper layer. To eliminate this drawback, a direct bottom filter is required.

To do this, large stones or crushed stone are laid on the bottom, with a maximum size of up to 150 — 200 mm. Then a layer of medium-sized gravel is poured (fraction 20-30 mm), up to 150 mm thick. And a layer of clean river pebbles is laid on top, also up to 150 mm thick. The total thickness of the resulting filter reaches half a meter.

• The sandy bottom, through which water seeps, is fraught with another danger. Any impact on it (for example, a lowered bucket) causes the sand mass to rise, which, together with the water, rises to the top. It is impossible to install pumping equipment in such a well - sand will quickly disable it. However, everything is solved by creating a reverse bottom filter, which will prevent the rise of grains of sand from the bottom.

In this case, washed river sand is first poured to the bottom. The second layer is river pebbles or gravel up to 10 mm in size (you can use shungite). And the top layer will be coarse gravel or pebbles with a size of 50 mm or more. The thickness of each layer is at least 150 mm.

• The bottom is a pronounced quicksand - which means you can not do without a special wooden shield. It is hammered together from an aspen or oak board and cut out exactly according to the size of the bottom of the well. A large number of holes with a diameter of 10 mm are drilled in the shield. Then it is wrapped in geotextile and laid on the bottom.

So that it does not surface, they press it with large stones. From above, at least 200-300 mm layer of small pebbles or gravel is laid.

What safety precautions are required when digging a well

The work of digging a well is very specific and dangerous, requiring special precautions.

• First of all, the territory should be fenced off and outsiders, and especially children, should not be allowed to the place of work.
• It is impossible to store the selected soil closer than 3 meters from the mine, and even better - immediately take it to a safe distance. In the same radius, the mine should not have any foreign objects or unused tools at all.
• All lifting mechanisms - construction sites, tripods, winches installed on them, gates, hoists and etc.. must be checked daily before starting work. The condition of ropes and slings, rigging hooks is also carefully monitored. All lifting devices must have a reliable brake and locking system.
• Buckets (buckets) for extracting soil must be tightly tied to the ropes, and when working at a depth of more than 6 meters, they must also have a safety line.
• Working at depth may be accompanied by the accumulation of gases in the mine that can cause suffocation for the digger. Before it is lowered into the mine, the quality of the air is necessarily checked - a burning candle is lowered there. If it goes out, forced ventilation is mandatory, and then the test is repeated.
• In case of lack of oxygen during work, it is necessary to create conditions for forced ventilation. For these purposes, you can use a compressor, fan or other air blower (sometimes even a powerful vacuum cleaner), or install a metal furnace near the mine, the blower of which is connected to a pipe lowered to the very bottom of the mine.
• It is necessary to warn the excavator by voice about objects being lowered or raised. The worker in the mine must be in a protective helmet, the possibility of his emergency evacuation must be provided.
• When working by the method of deposition of rings, the upper unclosed edge of the shaft should not be more than 1 meter. With signs of instability of the walls of the mine, work is immediately stopped until the cause is clarified and the possibility of their elimination is determined.

Usually, the work of high-quality digging of wells is carried out by teams of experienced professionals who have their own specialized equipment. It is almost impossible for a beginner to cope with such a task - there are too many nuances that are familiar only to masters, and there are too many dangers in the work.

At this, the construction of a well on a suburban area is far from over. There is still serious work to be done on waterproofing, insulation, building a clay castle, concrete pavement, laying water pipes, equipping a headroom and other stages. They will be discussed in more detail in other publications of our portal.

Sewer wells are an inseparable component of the drainage system. They are designed to collect wastewater, distribute the interchange of the main to the discharge zones and clean up certain sections of the pipeline.

Types of sewer wells

A structure of this kind has its own purpose and method of construction. Sewer tanks differ in a number of ways.

By functional purpose

There are several types of wells:

1. Cumulative. This is a more modern and environmentally friendly version of the waste pit. It carries out fractionation of effluents and sewage. Liquid and light particles are sent to the filter, and heavy particles sink to the bottom of the storage tank. The volume of the structure is 2-50 thousand liters and depends on the amount of water used. It must be installed at the lowest point of the site, which ensures the correct angle of inclination of the sewer pipes.
2. Filtering. The facility is designed to discharge wastewater into the soil. There is no bottom in the design of the well. The installation of filter collectors is allowed only on sandy and sandy-clay soils. As a rule, wells are made from. Sand, crushed stone and special materials can serve as a filter.
3. Lookout. It is used for periodic inspection and convenient cleaning of the drainage system in small areas where the direction, slope or diameter of pipes changes, in connection areas. Unlike other types of treatment facilities, presented in the form of a pipe or a collection tank, the inspection tank is an open container. It is mounted in a straight line with a step of 15 meters, while the initial well is placed at a distance from the house no closer than 3 meters and no further than 12 meters.
4. Turning. The structure is intended for areas with an extensive drainage pipeline, as well as in cases where the angle of rotation on the pipeline exceeds 90 degrees. This is due to the lack of the possibility of constructing a continuous straight section from a residential building to a storage septic tank. Rotary collectors must be erected at each bend of the laid pipe. This design can be used as a viewing septic tank, which makes it quite easy to clean a certain section of the pipeline through it.
5. Variable. Used in areas with a large elevation difference. In this case, the inlet pipe is placed much higher than the outlet. The design of the septic tank has a descent, which is a vertical pipe entering the well, which is connected to the inlet. The descent is attached to the wall of the tank by means of clamps. The length of this element depends on the difference in the section. On the reverse side of the lowering, a 45 degree outlet is installed.

According to the materials used

Collectors are made from various materials:

1. Reinforced concrete. The structures are distinguished by their strength, resistance to the negative effects of chemical compounds, and sufficient ease of installation. In addition, they have a large weight and different diameters of the rings. Products are used for the device of septic tanks of the filtering, accumulative and viewing type. Suitable for installation in any type of soil.
2. Brick. For the construction of the collector, clay waterproof bricks are often used. Bricks can be used to build square, rectangular or round structures.
3. Plastic. Polyethylene structures are characterized by high strength, tightness, wear resistance, as well as ease of installation and relatively low cost. Are applied to the device of rotary, differential and viewing septic tanks.

Reinforced concrete structures are distinguished by their strength, resistance to the negative effects of chemical compounds, and sufficient ease of installation.

Rules and requirements

The process of planning and construction of sewer systems is carried out by Special Rules and Regulations (SNiP), which regulate certain requirements, the main of which are:

1. Structures should be located away from drinking water sources and plumbing systems.
2. Collectors should be installed at a distance from residential buildings and nearby areas.
3. The volume of the tanks must correspond to the number of people living in the house and the average volume of effluents for a certain time period.
4. The depth of the pit for the tank should not exceed 2.5 meters, and its diameter should be half a meter larger than the diameter of the structure.
5. The need for waterproofing with high groundwater levels.
6. The bottom of the pit is mandatory covered with a sand cushion 10 cm high.
7. Between the bottom of the tank and the bottom of the pipe a gap of 60 cm must be provided.

Collectors should be installed at a distance from residential buildings and nearby areas

Sewer well device

Preparatory work

Preparation for the construction of sewer septic tanks consists of several stages:

• drawing up a drawing of a sewerage scheme with marking the installation site of the collector, planning on the site;
• cleaning of the construction site;
• organization of a temporary road for equipment at the construction site;
• digging a pit and a trench;
• cleaning and leveling the bottom of the pit.

Stone well device

The construction of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings is carried out as follows:

Consider the construction technology of a brick collector:

1. A pit is being dug, at the bottom of which a formwork is installed and poured with a solution of cement, sand and gravel 20 cm high.
2. Allow the solution to harden for 7 days. while periodically spraying with water.
3. After the mortar has hardened, laying begins brick walls using a cement mixture.
4. The erected walls are plastered sand-cement mortar.
5. Waiting for the complete solidification of the solution, perform ironing of the surface by rubbing a thin layer of dry cement into the plaster.
6. Collector bottom form depending on its purpose.
7. Waterproofing in progress plastered layer.
8. Covers interior walls septic tank with mastic or bitumen.
9. Form holes for pipes.
10. Pipes are started, and the resulting gaps sealed with sealant.
11. Fill up the space between the pit and the walls of the well with soil and carefully rammed.
12. Cover the collector with a hatch.

The construction of a well made of natural stone is carried out in a similar way. Difficulties in the process of its construction arise due to the unequal size and shape of the stones. Therefore, the arrangement of the collector requires much more time and solution consumption.

Features of the device of wells

When building a septic tank, it is important to take into account the installation features of each, depending on their purpose and material of manufacture.

The peculiarity of the filtering well is that its main task is to clean wastewater from harmful impurities. To accomplish this task, the bottom of the collector is covered with crushed stone about 1 meter high. In this case, the bottom is not completely filled with concrete mortar, but only along the perimeter. This prevents the foundation from collapsing and water from escaping through the center of the circle where drainage and cleaning takes place.

For the construction of a manhole, it is customary to use a pipe with a diameter of 46 cm. This pipe size makes it possible, if necessary, to clean the structure with water through a hose. If it is necessary to descend into the tank, the diameter of the pipe must exceed 92.5 cm.

When erecting a viewing manifold on a site without a pavement, an additional blind area is required, which contributes to the removal of wastewater. If the road surface is of high quality, the installation is carried out 7 cm above the ground surface.

Storage tanks are equipped at the bottom of the site to ensure the flow of water into the well. The structure is placed at a depth of 3-6.5 meters, no more than 7 rings are used during construction. At the bottom, special recesses are made, which are filled with sand or gravel. Water from the tank can be used for domestic needs.

1. It is not recommended to make the trench depth too large., because you will need to add soil, which will sag over time. As a result, the highway may change the correct slope.
2. To avoid damage to the pipeline under the pipes during their laying no hard objects are allowed.
3. Choosing a site for the construction of a filtration or a storage collector, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of the entrance of equipment for cleaning the structure.
4. Despite the fact that the sewer septic tank is a wet type of wells, it is required to ensure its tightness. This is necessary in order to minimize the penetration of wastewater into the environment. For waterproofing the joints of the rings, special waterproof compounds are used.
5. During the period of providing a waterproofing layer for 3 days, it is necessary to exclude the influence of mechanical loads and low temperatures on the surface. During this time, the areas to be treated should be moistened regularly using a conventional sprayer. You can also cover the surface with a film that helps to reduce the evaporation of moisture.

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The sewerage system has a very ancient history, so its design and technology have been brought to a very high quality state. This article will address the main issues related to the use of sewer wells in the sewer system.

The normative act regulating the requirements for sewer wells and the procedure for their installation is SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document displays all factors related to sewer wells, including their location, classification, dimensions and performance.

For the arrangement of sewerage in a private area, it is imperative to use manholes, placing them on the pipeline section between the building and the wastewater receiver. In addition, one of the possible options for the disposal of wastewater after it has passed through a septic tank is a filtering sewer well.

Manholes must be installed not only in private households, but also on local sewer systems. The installation site should be located behind the so-called red building line, which is a conditional boundary that divides the target area into certain segments. The SNiP states that sewer wells must be installed every 35 meters if the pipeline diameter is up to 150 mm, or every 50 meters - with a pipeline with a cross section of 200 mm.

In addition, manholes are installed if the system contains:

• twists and turns;
• changes in pipe diameter or slope;
• branches of the structure.

Requirements for the performance of reinforced concrete wells are displayed in GOST 2080-90, and for polymer wells - in GOST-R No. 0260760. Most plastic structures are also supplied with manufacturer's instructions, which set out the conditions for using the well.

Brick, concrete or reinforced concrete is used to make stone sewer wells, and rubble stone is used to create filter wells. Polymer wells can be made of PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene. In addition to structures made from a single material, there are structures on the market made from compounds of various resources.

According to SNiP, the dimensions of sewer wells vary as follows:

• when using pipelines with a diameter of up to 150 mm - at least 700 mm;
• up to 600 mm - 1000 mm;
• up to 700 mm - 1250 mm;
• from 800 to 1000 mm - 1500 mm;
• from 1200 - 2000 mm;
• from 1500 mm with a system laying depth of 3 m.

The volume of the structure is not indicated anywhere, but knowing the initial depth and diameter, you can calculate this indicator yourself.

The order of actions will look like this:

• first, the place on the site where the well will be located is precisely determined;
• then the selected area is cleared of any plants (bushes, trees, etc.);
• if necessary, buildings located on the construction site are demolished or transferred;
• it is very important to ensure unhindered access to the site.

Next, the preparation of the pit for the sewer well begins.

As a rule, a pit is created according to this principle:

• first of all, a hole of the required dimensions is dug;
• next, the bottom is cleaned;
• it is mandatory to check for compliance with the depth of laying the structure and the angles of the slopes of the walls of the pit;
• in the case of stone structures, a 20-cm waterproofing layer must be laid at the bottom of the pit, ramming it as tightly as possible.

The device of sewer wells made of concrete

When the preparatory work is completed, the process of mounting the well begins.

In the case of a concrete or reinforced concrete structure, the arrangement of the sewer well will look like this:

• first, the base is prepared, for which a monolithic slab or a 100 mm concrete pad is used;
• further, trays are installed in sewer wells, which must be reinforced with a metal mesh;
• pipe ends are sealed with concrete and bitumen;
• the inner surface of the concrete rings must be insulated with bitumen;
• when the tray hardens enough, it is possible to lay the rings of the well itself into it and mount the floor slab, for which cement mortar is used;
• all seams between structural elements must be treated with a solution;
• after grouting with concrete, it is necessary to provide the seams with good waterproofing;
• the tray is treated with cement plaster;
• at the pipe connection points, a clay lock is equipped, which should be 300 mm wider than the outer diameter of the pipeline and 600 mm higher;
• one of the final steps is to check the design for operability, for which the entire system is completely filled with water. If no leaks appear after a day, then the system is functioning normally;
• then the walls of the well are filled up, and all this is compacted;
• a blind area of ​​1.5 meters wide is installed around the well;
• all visible seams are treated with bitumen.

The device of a sewer well made of concrete rings, described above, is no different from the arrangement of a brick structure, with the only difference being that in the latter, concreting is replaced by brickwork. The rest of the workflow will look the same.

In addition to the tray, one or more conditions may be required to equip the overflow well:

• riser installation;
• water tower installation;
• arrangement of a water-breaking element;
• creation of a practical profile;
• pit arrangement.

The basic principle of installing wells does not change, with the exception of minor differences. In particular, before installing a drop well, it is necessary to lay a metal plate under its base, which prevents concrete deformation.

Thus, the composition of the differential well includes:

• riser;
• water pillow;
• metal plate at the base;
• intake funnel.

The funnel is used to neutralize the rarefaction that occurs due to the high speed of movement of effluents. The use of practical profiles is quite rare, since it is justified only on pipes with a diameter of more than 600 mm and with a drop height exceeding 3 m. As a rule, such pipelines are not used in private households, and overflow wells are a rare occurrence, but other types sewer wells are in demand.

According to regulatory enactments, the device of a well for sewerage is justified in such situations:

• if the pipeline needs to be laid at a shallower depth;
• if the main highway crosses other communication networks located underground;
• if necessary, adjust the speed of movement of effluents;
• in the last flooded well, immediately before the discharge of wastewater into the water intake.

In addition to the reasons described in SNiP, there are others that necessitate the installation of an overflow sewer well on the site:

• if there is a large difference in height between the optimal depth of the sewer at the site and the level of the wastewater discharge point into the receiver (this option is often justified, since laying the pipeline at a shallower depth allows you to perform less work);
• in the presence of engineering networks located in the underground space and crossing the sewer system;
• if there is a need to control the rate of movement of wastewater in the system. Too high speed has a bad effect on the self-cleaning of the system from deposits on the walls, as well as too low speed - in this case, deposits will accumulate too quickly, and the use of fast current is required to eliminate them. Its meaning is to increase the fluid flow rate in a small section of the pipeline.

Connecting the pipeline to the wells

Pipes are connected to the well, depending on what soils are on the site. In the case of dry soils, the connection is made using cement and an asbestos-cement mixture. To install pipes to wells on wet soils, a resin strand and a waterproofing layer must be added to these materials. These methods are only suitable for arranging the system on non-subsidence soils.

If the soil on the territory can move, then the pipes must be connected movably, for which each of them is wrapped with a plastic waterproofing packing. If necessary, a metal sleeve can be used to arrange the packing in its internal space.

Plastic wells for sewerage

Recently, plastic structures are increasingly replacing stone wells from their positions. Plastic sewer wells are much more convenient: they are easier to install, they do not require a large amount of preparatory work, and their performance is at a sufficient level (more: ""). There is an opinion that their strength qualities leave much to be desired, but in practice this statement has not been confirmed, because wells are usually not subjected to too high loads.

Another advantage of plastic wells is the possibility of reducing the dimensions of the viewing window. For example, to replace a concrete well with a meter diameter, it will be enough to install a plastic 30 cm analogue, which is also much easier to maintain. Installing plastic sewer rings is easy and simple.

The installation of plastic structures is also simplified due to their low weight and versatility: the device of plastic sewer wells provides for inlets and outlets for pipes, which cannot be said about concrete structures in which the connectors have to be made independently. All these advantages indicate that it would be much more reasonable for private households to use plastic wells.

Conclusion

There are different designs of sewer wells, and the choice of a suitable device depends on the wishes of the owner of the site. This article answers the question of how a sewer well is arranged, and helps to choose the best option.

Many owners of private houses have to wonder: how to do it. Of course, it is always better to turn to professionals who are familiar with the installation technology and will be able to cope with the task. But if you don't have the funds to hire professionals, or if you want to save money on installation, then it's worth taking a closer look at this process and considering the individual steps.

To carry out the arrangement of the sewer well, you will need a number of materials:

1. Rubble.
2. Reinforced concrete rings.
3. Pipes for sewerage.

After preparing the materials, you need to understand how to properly make a sewer well and where it is best to place it.

Performing a sewer well with your own hands, carefully approach the choice of a place to place it. It should be installed at some distance from the house in order to exclude the possibility of flooding with foundation drains. If there is a well for water intake on the site, then the distance between them must be at least thirty meters.

Other important parameters for choosing a place:

1. The well should be installed so that a vacuum truck can freely drive up to it for cleaning. Otherwise, you will experience constant problems with pumping wastewater.
2. How to properly install a sewer well relative to the house and choose a place? Consider the location of the sewer pipe leaving the building. There should be no angles greater than 120 degrees between it and the well, or serious connection problems will arise.
3. Near the structure, it is not necessary to carry out landings and place other structures.

When making a sewer well with your own hands, you should pay attention to its tightness. According to the norms, it should not let water through, but this entails additional problems and will have to be cleaned more often. Therefore, most owners perform a filtering bottom that removes sewage.

You choose the size yourself, depending on the number of discharged drains. Many are interested in how to make a sewer well in a private house for 3 - 4 people and what depth to choose? The optimal solution for such a family is about 4 reinforced concrete rings, the larger the size, the less often you have to clean.

Construction

Now we will tell you how to build a sewer well. After choosing a location and depth, it would be nice to perform a simple scheme. It indicates the location of the house, the sewer pipe and the well, the dimensions of the future structure.

Pit preparation

Manual development with shovels is a rather complicated option that takes a lot of time and effort. If you need to complete a structure with great depth, then only the first stage may take several days.

Another way to make a sewer well with your own hands is to attract specialized equipment, including an excavator. He will quickly cope with the task, significantly save time in the construction process.

After preparing the pit, you can proceed to the next steps.

How to install a sewer well?

For filtering structures, it is necessary to fill the bottom with crushed stone, its layer must be at least 40 centimeters. If the structure is completely sealed, then a reinforced concrete slab or concrete mortar for pouring is used as the base.

In practice, you can make a sewer well with your own hands from various materials, including:

1. reinforced concrete rings.
2. Brick.
3. wooden elements.
4. plastic structures.

Brick laying takes a sufficient amount of time, and wooden structures are damaged faster in high humidity. Plastic can be used, but it must be handled carefully so as not to damage the elements during installation. Therefore, it is best to use reinforced concrete, it is the most reliable and durable material today.

How to arrange a sewer well from reinforced concrete? Rings are installed on a prepared base. These structures are extremely heavy and may require a small crane or manipulator for installation. The joints should be smeared with sealants - they will prevent the flow of effluents into the soil.

1. Initially, pipes from the house are brought to the well. They are connected to each other, you will need a special machine for metal welding.
2. A hole of the required diameter is punched in one of the rings, depending on the dimensions of the pipes.
3. Direct installation is carried out with the supply of the sewerage system to the structure. The junction with concrete should be well lubricated with sealant, it eliminates leaks.

After installation, you can fill up the trench with the pipe. An additional floor is installed directly on the structure. The cavities around are sprinkled with soil, the soil is carefully laid on the floor, a small free hole remains.

Cover installation

A cover is installed on top. It should be waterproofed so that rain and melt water do not get inside. It is not recommended to fill the cover with soil, it must be freely accessible and provide an outlet for accumulating gases.

Good ventilation is extremely important during further operation. Organic matter decomposes inside, methane and hydrogen sulfide are released. They must be brought to the surface, a large accumulation of methane poses a potential threat to the structure.

Now you know how to install a sewer well. Drawing conclusions, we can distinguish several main stages of construction:

1. Preparatory work, choice of location and size, purchase of materials.
2. Preparation of a pit and a trench for a pipe supply.
3. Foundation laying.
4. Ring installation.
5. Sewer connection.
6. Installation of overlapping with a cover and backfilling with soil.

How to make a cover?

It is best to purchase the standard cast iron version along with other elements. Making a sewer well cover with your own hands will require a lot of time and effort; additional materials and tools are needed for manufacturing.

But if the standard cover was destroyed during operation and it needs to be replaced, then you can make it yourself from the available materials. The simplest solution is to make it out of wood. You will need to pick up strong and high-quality boards, cut them to the required size, and connect them together. It is better to give a round shape after assembly, trim with electric saws and jigsaws. Wood is recommended to be treated with protective compounds, then it will serve you for a longer time.