Quince Chinese: subtleties of cultivation. Quince ordinary, Japanese, Chinese

Let's see - Japanese quince what useful properties it has, recipes for its preparation, how to store for the winter, and for what diseases it is indicated. We will also figure out who quince can harm, and consider various options quince dishes. It must be understood that everything is useful in quince, not only the pulp of the fruit - seeds, peel, leaves, twigs, everything goes into food, everything is beneficial, and our ancestors used this tree with might and main for their needs.

Quince seeds are taken as a laxative, the most gentle enveloping cough, broncho diseases. Since ancient times, fruits have been prescribed for anemia, compresses were made from its juice for hemorrhoids, juice and pulp were used as a skin-improving agent by fashionistas of all times, and a decoction of the leaves is good in the fight against early gray hair.

Quince is full of vitamins, it has a lot of minerals we need, it has strong confident antioxidant, and pronounced strong antiviral properties. Quince juice will strengthen, relieve vomiting, the fruits have diuretic properties and hemostatic.
Useful recipe: .

Useful properties of quince

The fruits of chaenomeles, which are rightly called the northern lemon for their richness in vitamin C, are harvested for the future for the whole year. Their juice is diluted with water due to its exile saturation with fruit acids. The best recipe for use is to peel, chop and sprinkle with sugar. Enough to consume a couple of teaspoons with boiled water. There is also Chinese quince, which especially helps with radiculitis, rheumatism, spasms, and hypertension.

During the cold season best means natural from viruses.
The pulp and juice of the fruit reduce cholesterol.
All parts of the fetus have a beneficial effect on the intestines, quince fiber improves peristalsis.
Juice improves mood, relieves symptoms of asthma.
Used to treat ears, anal fissures, gastroenterocolitis, flatulence.
Cooked quince puree helps fight liver diseases, and even relieves tuberculosis.
With anemia, anemia, quince tincture will be very useful.
For the eyes, decoctions of seeds are a significant relief, as well as a treatment for inflammation.
For diabetics, it’s good to drink decoctions from the leaves) you can also take young twigs).
Decoctions of quince seeds - help fast with inflammation of the stomach and diarrhea. The crushed seeds are poured with boiling water (10 g of seeds / 1 glass of water), boiled for 15 minutes, filtered, and drunk half a glass three times before meals (it also helps with coughing).
The leaves are poured with boiling water (5 g / glass of boiling water), kept in a water bath for 15 minutes, filtered chilled and topped up with boiling water to the primary volume. 2 tablespoons are enough before meals three times a day.
Against heavy monthly and uterine bleeding, 12 pieces of seeds should be poured with 1.5 glasses of water, boiled for 3 minutes and drunk throughout the day, divided into 3 calls, before meals.
Quince is useful for people who are employed in hazardous production, and also live in environmentally disadvantaged areas. Quince jams and preserves are very useful for the stomach.
Quince juice with anemia should be consumed, heart disease, beriberi, asthma, headaches, intestinal disorders.

Quince in cosmetology

With oily skin, masks from the steamed fruit are useful, they help with acne, they dry the skin. For oily skin, apply in its pure form, for normal or combi - mix with oatmeal and egg yolk. As a scrub, raw quince is rubbed, mixed with salt and gently massaged into the face.

Quince lotion will overshadow purchased expensive products - mix quince juice with medical alcohol and camphor alcohol in equal proportions, beat and add an egg, mix with solution, store in the refrigerator. For hands, you can prepare liquid crepe by pouring vodka over quince pieces and keeping them in the dark for half a month. Strain, pour in a spoonful of glycerin - and a wonderful cream is ready, your hands will be happy!

quince recipes

To prepare quince, you first need to remove the fluffy coating with a wet cloth. Then rinse, peel the skin (if you cook for a long time, you can leave the skin), collect and dry the seeds separately, they will come in handy for decoctions. And then there are the recipes.

Quince slices in syrup

Quince slices are very tasty - sweet, transparent and dense. Clean as above, boil for 20 minutes, drain, strain the broth, add sugar (a glass of sugar to a glass of broth), bring to a boil and immediately remove the fire, add pieces of quince there, let them stand there, feed for a couple of hours, again bring to boiling, add a little citric acid and boil a little more.
Also useful:

Quince with honey

The addition of honey further enhances the usefulness of quince, making the product an irreplaceable remedy. Useful for anemia, women's problems, improves immunity, improves metabolism, has antimicrobial properties, the mixture is good for the elderly and expectant mothers, for people of mental labor and in the postpartum period of mothers.
Bake 3 quinces, and eat with honey each during the day. Or squeeze the juice, add honey and also drink, divided into three parts.

quince juice

Squeeze the juice from the genomeles in any way you can, strain. Do not throw away the cake, add boiled water to it (1 kg / 120 ml) and heat it, squeeze the juice again. Mix juices, pour into containers, pasteurize (t-80-85gr) for 15 minutes, cork.

Quince syrup

Add 1.6-1.8 kg of sugar to 1 liter of quince juice, boil for 5 minutes (remove the foam), strain and seal in a sterile container.
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Quince jam

Remove the washed ripe fruits from the skin and seeds, cut into slices, dip in syrup (1.5 kg of sugar / 3 cups of water), boil, set aside. After a while, do it again, and for the third time already cook it, pack it, cork it.

Candied fruit

You can make two at once from one recipe - from a part of the jam, let it cool, pull out the quince slices, dry them in a non-hot oven, sprinkle with sugar and candied fruits are ready.

Jelly

You can make delicious jelly from quince in this way:
All illiquid assets will go into the jelly - unripe fruits, cut testes and stalks. Cut, fill to the brim with water and cook until soft. Strain without squeezing, add sugar (1 l of juice / 800 g of sugar) and cook until it thickens.

Contraindications

There are very few contraindications to this. healing fruit- constipation, allergies and pleurisy - perhaps that's all, the rest of the product is useful and recommended for constant use.
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Japanese quince, or chaenomeles, is my favorite ornamental plant.
And the quince is loved not only for its beauty, but also for its useful fruits, and for the fact that there are no troubles with it.

We bought chaenomeles more than 20 years ago, with a small twig (almost without knowing what it is). Then they planted other plants in their garden, nursed them, cherished them. And the quince grew slowly, not demanding attention ...

Years have passed. The quince twig turned into a bush that we used for vegetative propagation of our favorite plant. So we got another young quince bush, and later three more were added. And now every spring we observe the amazing flowering of these chaenomeles bushes, which pleases and fascinates us. In autumn, we harvest from them and make preparations for the winter: we candied fresh, make juice, make jam.

Preparations for the winter from the fruits of Japanese quince

From the fragrant fruits of chaenomeles, wonderful candied fruits and marmalade, jam, jelly, fragrant liquor, compote are obtained.

Jam from the fruits of chaenomeles: prepared fruits are cut into slices and dipped in boiling syrup (for 1 kg of quince, you need to take 1.5 kg of sugar, 1.5 cups of water) and remove from heat for 6 hours. Then boil for 5 minutes and stand the jam for 12 hours. This procedure is repeated 5 times.

Candied fruit of chaenomeles: peeled fruits are cut into slices and dipped in boiling syrup (1.3 kg of sugar, 3 cups of water are taken for 1 kg of quince), the mass is mixed and left for 6 hours.
Then the cooled mass is again put on fire, brought to a boil with stirring, boiled for 6 minutes; then stand it for 12 hours. The last procedure is repeated 4 times. After the last boiling in syrup, the quince slices are put on a sieve to drain the syrup, and then dried.
Japanese quince can be candied in this way along with pieces of zucchini or pumpkin.

Chaenomeles fruit marmalade: pitted and baked fruits are rubbed through a colander and the mass is mixed with sugar (in a ratio of 1: 1.2), boiled until tender - until the mass begins to reach for the spoon and lag behind the bottom. Then it is laid out on a dish moistened with water and dried, cut into pieces.

Chaenomeles fruit compote: peeled fruits are cut into slices, placed in prepared jars, poured with syrup (0.5 kg of sugar per 1 liter of water) and pasteurized.

Sowing Japanese quince seeds before winter

When I lived in Latvia, an unusual shrub grew on my plot. Latvians call it "quince" - probably because the fruits of this shrub surpass even lemons in their vitamin composition. Although in appearance the fruit of the Japanese yew does not resemble a lemon.

Having moved to the Leningrad region, I grew a new quince bush from a seedling; it bloomed in its second year.
When my Japanese quince blooms, all the branches are covered with large ones (3-4 cm in diameter) bright red flowers, which hold about a crescent. Flower petals fall off, and fruits are formed in their place: almost in the place of each flower, a fruit is formed. As a result, all the branches of Japanese quince are literally plastered with fruits. late autumn they turn yellow and brown.
In November of this year, I harvested my small Japanese quince bush (about 60 cm tall, and the same in diameter) - I got a whole bucket of fruit.

From the ripe fruits of Japanese quince, brown seeds should be extracted, they are suitable for sowing. And the fruiting body can be used to make jam, marmalade, marshmallow, or just drink with tea instead of lemon. An unusual aroma and an abundance of vitamins are provided to you!

Plant fresh Japanese quince seeds before winter in open ground on your site. Shoots will appear in the spring. Plant them in a permanent place, but be careful with the root system.
After two or three years, your Japanese quince seedlings will begin to bloom and bear fruit. They are not afraid of frost, easily withstand the climate of even the Leningrad region.

Yuri Berdik (Leningrad region)

Quince is my favorite

Of the ornamental edible plants in my area, I really like the Japanese quince, chaenomeles. This valuable fruit and ornamental plant adorns the garden all season long. The bright flowering of chaenomeles under favorable conditions lasts 3-4 weeks. In summer, graceful branches of the plant decorate beautiful leaves, and in autumn - a lot of golden fragrant fruits.
The fruits of Japanese quince, sitting tightly on the branches, ripen in October, at the end of the gardening season. Fruits tolerate weak frosts well; they need to have time to collect before the onset of severe cold weather.

When fresh, the fragrant fruits of chaenomeles are very acidic (they contain a lot of vitamin C and other useful substances), and in the preparation of drinks they successfully replace lemon.
A simple way to use quince fruit is to put thinly sliced ​​\u200b\u200bfruit slices (or you can finely chop the fruit) in a jar, sprinkled with sugar; Keep refrigerated. The resulting fragrant syrup is added to tea.

Quince Japanese is unpretentious in cultivation, tolerates drought and formative pruning, haircut. It grows even in the shade, but in sunny places and on fertile soil chaenomeles blooms and bears fruit better.
The plant is responsive to watering, especially in dry hot summers. Around the quince bush, I periodically loosen the soil, remove weeds, and fertilize. In spring, it is useful to feed quince with complete mineral fertilizer and wood ash, and in autumn, scatter rotted manure.

Chaenomeles japanese develops rather slowly; places protected from cold winds are more preferable for its cultivation. This plant is considered frost-resistant, but in severe winters with little snow, the ends of the shoots freeze slightly. However, the flower buds of the bush, located closer to the ground, under the protection of snow, are not damaged. This allows the quince to bloom and bear fruit annually, and the chaenomeles bush damaged by frost quickly recovers. With age, the winter hardiness of the plant increases.
Young bushes and less winter-hardy species and varieties of Japanese quince in autumn need to be bent to the ground, pinned and covered.

Chaenomeles is resistant to pests and diseases.

Japanese quince looks great in the garden alone and in a group. From chaenomeles different types and varieties blooming with white, pink or red flowers, single or semi-double, you can create a wonderful collection. This plant can be used to create a hedge. Usually, chaenomeles seedlings are planted at a distance of about a meter from each other, and in a hedge - thicker.

Japanese quince in medicine

Japanese quince - beautiful flowering shrub, which gives useful fruits with an abundance of vitamins and biologically active substances.

We have a variety growing in our garden. japanese quince low, or chaenomeles maulea(Chaenomeles maulei) with a height of shoots no more than a meter.
This plant is not demanding in care: it is only necessary to periodically loosen the soil and cut dry or damaged shoots. For the winter, we cover the chaenomeles bush with spruce branches - this delays the snow; such a shelter protects from frost, and hares will not harm.

Our quince blooms in May and blooms for a long time, several weeks. Its rather large red flowers attract the attention of not only all neighbors and passers-by, but also bees.

Japanese quince flowers have medicinal properties. We prepare an infusion from dried chaenomeles flowers: pour 1 tablespoon of raw materials with half a liter of boiling water, leave for about an hour. Take a flower infusion should be half a cup several times a day, it helps with coughing.

The fruits of Japanese quince are a storehouse of vitamins, but they are especially valued for their high content of vitamin C. Raw fruits are not eaten, they are too sour and tart ...
But from the fruits of chaenomeles you can cook for the winter raw jam - "lemon substitute": we twist the fruits in a meat grinder, stir with sugar (in equal proportions), put the mass in glass jars, close them with lids and store in the refrigerator. All winter you can add vitamin raw jam to tea for half a teaspoon - very fragrant and tasty, and at the same time a good prevention of SARS.
We also make wonderful jam from the fruits of chaenomeles.

Even the bones of Japanese quince do not go to waste, because they are also healing. Pour boiling water into a jar with quince seed pods and shake vigorously for about five minutes. It turns out a viscous mass, which can be used to gargle a sore throat and treat a sore throat.

Irina Lanets (Minsk, Belarus)

The selection of materials for this article was carried out by Ziborova E.Yu. according to the stories of the readers of the site, sent to the competition "Plants - food for the soul and body."

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Chinese quince: properties and uses

Botanical name: Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis), a plant species of the monotypic genus Pseudocydonia (Pseudocydonia) of the Rosaceae family.

Homeland of Chinese quince: East Asia.

Lighting: photophilous.

The soil: fertile, well drained.

Watering: moderate.

Maximum tree height: 6 m

Average lifespan of a tree: 70 years old

Landing: seeds, rarely grafting.

Biological description and photo of Chinese quince

Deciduous or semi-evergreen tree 3-6 m high with dense crown up to 3 m in diameter and often curved trunk. The leaves are simple, oval, shiny, with a serrated margin, pubescent below, 6-12 cm long and 3-6 cm wide, arranged alternately.

The color of the leaves is dark green, turning yellow, orange and red by autumn, which gives the tree a special decorative effect. The bark has an interesting feature; in adult specimens, it exfoliates in places, exposing areas of gray, green, brown, so that the trunk acquires an unusual mosaic color.

Chinese quince flowers (see photo below), solitary, medium-sized, up to 4 cm in diameter, often hidden under the leaves, have 5 petals of a pale pink color.

They do not bloom at the same time, due to which flowering stretches for a long time (April-May). On the same tree there are both male and female flowers they are pollinated by insects.

The fruits of the plant are yellow-green with a wax coating, large in size, reach a length of 17 cm, under favorable conditions can weigh up to 1.5 kg. High content essential oils causes a pleasant smell, stronger than that of Japanese or oblong quince, as well as an oily surface of the fruit.

They ripen late in autumn, because of the hard pulp and very sour taste they are not consumed fresh, they are used to make jams, juices, compotes, jellies and candied fruits. The valuable properties of Chinese quince are the ability to stay fresh for up to 3 months at a low (10 ° C and below) temperature, without losing its strong aroma, as well as thick and juicy fruit pulp, from one large specimen of which you can get up to a glass of juice.

What is useful Chinese quince?

The plant has been grown in China and Japan for many centuries and is considered there not only as an ornamental, but also healing culture. Why is Chinese quince useful, for which it received the name “longevity fruit” in its homeland?

First of all, we note vitamin C, which is several times more in fruits than in lemons and oranges, as well as a large amount of vitamins A, E, group B. It is believed that Chinese quince relieves spasms various origins, normalizes the functioning of the liver and stomach, helps with injuries and bruises, accelerating their healing.

A decoction of flowers is used as an antitussive for bronchitis and pneumonia, an infusion of seeds has a wound-healing effect on burns, bedsores, etc. At the same time, as Chinese doctors warn, who are well aware of both the benefits of Chinese quince and contraindications for its use, you should not get carried away with fruit, consuming no more than a quarter of the fruit at a time, since it is a rather strong allergen.

The use of Chinese quince in culture

The tree is common in places of natural growth (China, Korea, Japan), less commonly grown in the USA, Southern Europe, Australia, in Russia - on the Black Sea coast.

Outside its natural range, it is considered mainly an ornamental crop, the limited use of Chinese quince as a fruit is apparently due to the high acidity of the fruit.

The decorative advantages of the plant include small size, long flowering, the original structure of the bark on the trunks, which makes up a mosaic pattern, and attractive foliage, painted in autumn in bright colours, which in combination with large yellow fruits looks very impressive. In addition, the tree is used to create bonsai.

Fruits, as mentioned above, are consumed only after processing, products from them have not only high palatability, but also inherent in the culture of healing properties. The ability of fresh fruits to retain a strong sweet smell for a long time allows them to be used for aromatizing rooms.

Growing and propagating Chinese quince

The plant is unpretentious and not too difficult to care for. Chinese quince is hardy, but successfully bears fruit only in continental climates with long hot summers. It has a short, about 2 months, dormant period and with prolonged warming in winter time can start growing as early as February. Since the awakened buds die when the temperature drops below -5 ° C, cultivation in the middle lane is difficult.

The tree can grow in sandy and loamy soils with an acidity of 5.5 to 7.5 pH, tolerates lack of moisture, but develops best in loose, moist, well-drained soils. For planting Chinese quince, warm sunny areas are chosen, closed from the north winds, the culture develops well near the southern wall of the house.

Planted in autumn before the onset of stable cold weather or early spring. Care consists in watering, fertilizing 2 times per season, pruning. Since the tree bears fruit on the shoots of the current year, shortening pruning is not practiced, only dry and old branches are removed. It is recommended to warm the plants for the winter.

The most common way to propagate Chinese quince is by seed. Bones are preferably planted in the fall, immediately after extraction from a mature fruit. For spring planting, a three-month stratification in wet sand is required.

Seeds are sown in a cold greenhouse, the grown seedlings dive, and in the first year they are left to grow in protected ground. In the second year after the onset of stable heat, they are planted in open ground in a permanent place at a distance of 1 m from each other. The culture is often used for hybridization with common quince.

When propagated by grafting, seedlings of quince or hawthorn are used as a stock.

Japanese quince: reproduction

Reproduction of Japanese quince seeds

The simplest type of propagation of Japanese chaenomeles is sowing seeds, which are used as large seeds of ripe fruits. Quince pulp goes for processing, and freshly harvested seeds go for sowing. They are removed and sown in the soil in the fall. Seed germination is quite high and averages 80%. In spring, dense seedlings can be observed, regardless of the quality of the soil in which the seeds were planted.

Propagation of Japanese quince by seeds allows you to get non-varietal planting specimens of plants.

If for some reason it was not possible to sow in the autumn period, then the seeds must be subjected to stratification, that is, to create germination conditions close to natural in the autumn and winter periods. To do this, during 2–3 spring months, it is necessary to keep the seeds in wet sand at zero temperature or equal to + 3 + 5 ° C. During the time when the snow melts, they will have time to peck and germinate a little, after which they must be immediately transferred to the ground. On 1 m2 of area, 4–5 g of seeds are required.

Shoots of 2 years of age have a long developed tap root, which can be easily damaged by careless transplanting into open ground. Seedlings may die due to this, and in order to avoid this, they must be planted as early as possible in their permanent place.

Japanese quince: propagation by cuttings

Propagation of Japanese quince by cuttings, or vegetative propagation, is less economically efficient than seed propagation. The advantage of this method is that the resulting shrub retains the hereditary characteristics of the mother plant.

Green cuttings are taking place in the following way. In the first ten days of June, when the weather is dry, not hot, there is a peak in the growth of vegetative shoots. This is optimal time for harvesting cuttings, and they must have 1-2 internodes. Cutting of cuttings is carried out early in the morning according to the “with a heel” type (the cutting must be cut off with a piece of last year's bark 1 cm long). In this way, you can achieve better rooting of the cutting. Before planting, it is necessary to treat the ends of the cuttings for a day with a growth stimulator (IMC solution at a concentration of 0.01%) or powder with a dry agent to improve rooting "Kornevin". It is required to plant the cuttings at an angle to a depth of 2 cm according to the 7x5 cm scheme in a mixture consisting of 1 part of peat and 3 parts of sand. In greenhouses or greenhouses in conditions of providing the necessary microclimate (+ 20 + 25 ° C, good lighting and regular ventilation), after a month, a positive result of good rooting of the cuttings can be observed.

Plants from green cuttings should be carefully cared for until a cold snap, covered for the winter, planted in the spring and then grown in a greenhouse for another 1 year.

Spring grafting (cutting) is done with a varietal cutting on a two-year-old seedling of Japanese chaenomeles in May. Such reproduction is very effective and is called budding, or eye grafting. For these purposes, varietal shoots harvested during the 2nd sap flow (July - August) are used. The budding technique is simple and consists of the following. From the middle part of the shoot intended for grafting, a bud (eye) is cut off with a small part of the wood (shield). On the bark of the rootstock, which can be non-varietal species of Japanese quince and other similar crops of the Rosaceae family, a T-shaped incision is made. Its edges are bent, a shield with a kidney is inserted under the bark, pressed tightly and tied. You can also graft 2 eyes at the same time opposite each other on undersized bushes. The survival test is carried out after 3-4 weeks after cuttings. The bandage from the plant is removed in the spring of the following year if the eye has taken root. The percentage of survival is on average 50–80.

It is possible to graft on a winter-hardy high trunk, which will create a special decorative effect. The rootstock used as a bole can be 3-year-old seedlings of wild rose, pear, hawthorn, apple, mountain ash, shadberry and plum. Due to its insufficient winter hardiness, the grafting site for varietal Japanese quince should be placed at a height of 60–90 cm from the ground. For stability, under the whip-like long shoots formed on the trunk, it would be appropriate to substitute metal supports. It is necessary to plant standard forms in warm sunny places, and cover them for the winter.

Reproduction of Japanese quince using root offspring

Chaenomeles japanese is able to produce many root suckers, with the help of which the shrub spreads in different directions and, thus, easily reproduces. The root system of a bush growing on a slope, thanks to offspring, is able to hold the soil quite firmly. For 1 growing season, up to 6 such offspring are formed from 1 bush. When they are dug up, shoots with a thickness of at least 50 mm and a length of 10–15 cm are selected, which are subsequently planted vertically in open ground with a distance of up to 1 m between them. The sprouts are regularly watered for normal rooting, and the ground around is mulched with shavings or a layer of humus.

The disadvantage of the method of reproduction by root offspring is an underdeveloped root system seedlings, which in the first years gives a crop in the form of small fruits, and the need for growing.

Pruning bushes

Quince Japanese perfectly tolerates pruning, which is important for the formation of ornamental bushes. The procedure should be carried out during the growing season.

Sanitary pruning is carried out in the spring - dry and frost-affected shoots are cut off with a pruner or garden file. Places of cuts must be lubricated with garden pitch. After such a procedure, the affected shrubs are quickly restored.

At 4–5 years of age, pruning is performed, the purpose of which is to form a bush. Do it in the spring. The essence of pruning is to remove the shoots that creep along the ground and grow vertically upwards, and partially cut out the root growth. This will prevent the thickening of the shrub and its growth in breadth. For further growth, no more than 3 root suckers are left.

Rejuvenating pruning is carried out when the bush reaches the age of 8 to 10 years to increase its reproduction. Shoots older than 5 years and too elongated and weak branches are subject to removal.
Subject to all the rules of simple care, Japanese quince will serve as a natural decoration of the garden plot for a long time and delight with abundant fruiting.

Japanese quince: planting and care features, plant photo

Almost every owner of a garden plot wants his garden to be not only beautiful, but also unusual. That is why in recent times gardeners began to grow on their plots not only familiar apple and pear trees, but also exotic plants. These include the incredible beauty of a shrub called Japanese Quince or Henomeles.

This unusual tree, bewitching with its incredible beauty and aroma, will not leave anyone indifferent during flowering. Despite the fact that Japanese quince is exotic plant, it takes root well and grows in many regions of our country. Even inexperienced gardeners can handle planting and growing Henomeles.

Japanese quince: photo, description, characteristics

Chaenomeles refers to decorative and fruit and berry culture, is a heat-loving plant and grows well in regions with a mild climate. A quince tree can grow up to three meters, and a bush - up to a meter.

The plant is different

By the end of September, the beginning of October, the fruits of Henomeles ripen. When mature, they may be bright orange or green-yellow. Outside, the fruits are covered with a wax coating, which perfectly protects them from spoilage. That is why they can transfer even weak frosts on a tree. About half of the volume of the fruit is occupied by brown seeds, in appearance resembling apple seeds.

Japanese quince begins to bear fruit in the third year of life. From each bush you can collect from two kilograms of fruit. The fruits, even if they are not yet ripe, are harvested before frost. They can ripen when stored at home, but at low temperatures of 3-5 degrees.

Varieties of Henomeles

Japanese quince has a wide variety of varieties(pictured), which allows you to choose a plant that is suitable for your garden plot.

1. The variety Crimson and Gold or Quince magnificent is distinguished by a branched bush growing up to 1.2 m. The plant blooms with dark red flowers with yellow stamens. The shrub does not require pruning and is most often used as a hedge.
2. Genomeles Simonyi was bred by French breeders. The bush has almost round shape lodging shoots, crimson-red inflorescences and green fruits.
3. The ornamental variety Jet Trail is distinguished by its often creeping shoots, the absence of thorns, arched branches and pale white flowers.
4. Japanese Quince Vesuvius has a wide crown, but grows no more than one meter. A huge number of its inflorescences has a red color.
5. The Pink Lady variety is distinguished by its wide crown and dark pink or pink flowers. The bush grows up to 1.5 m.
6. Henomeles Nivalis grows up to two meters in height and width. Nivalis blooms with white flowers in May and August.
7. Holland quince is distinguished by glossy, dark green leaves, a wide crown and orange-red flowers. In August, there may be a second flowering of a plant of this variety.

If you want to grow a Japanese bonsai from Quince, then it is best suited for this. rubra plant. Having planted a stalk at an angle in a suitable container, with further care, to give the bush an aesthetic appearance, it will be necessary to trim correctly.

Features of growing Japanese Quince

Growing Henomeles is not particularly difficult. When choosing a location for it, it should be noted that the shrub loves well-lit areas. He can grow in partial shade, but at the same time he will not bear fruit.

The Japanese quince is successfully developing practically on any soil. It will suit poor sandy and damp clay soils. However, they should be moderately moist and rich in humus. Henomeles does not tolerate excessively calcareous and saline soils at all.

Most varieties of Quince are frost-resistant, and can winter without shelter. However, if the winter is harsh and with little snow, flower buds and annual shoots may freeze. Therefore, trees are recommended to be planted in places where a sufficient layer of snow forms. In regions with severe winters, the plant should be covered with fallen leaves or spruce branches for the winter.

Landing of Chaenomeles

It is best to plant young trees in the spring after the soil has thawed. Autumn planting is also possible at the time of mass leaf fall. However, a heat-loving shrub may not have time to take root and die before frost.

take root well two-year-old Japanese quince seedlings. When planting a plant, it is necessary to ensure that the root neck remains at the level of the soil. For plants aged 3-5 years, planting pits should have a depth of 0.5-0.8 m, and a diameter of up to 0.5 m.

The soil for Chaenomeles is prepared from leafy soil, pitch and peat (2:1:2). In addition, it is recommended to add 300 grams of potassium nitrate, 200 grams of superphosphate, 500 gamma ash, 1-2 buckets of humus to the planting pit.

It is best to plant Quince bushes in small groups of 3-5 plants. So that adult plants do not crowd each other and do not close, the distance between seedlings must be at least one meter.

Features of care

In the first year after planting the plant regular watering required. Soil moisture should be especially monitored during dry summers. In order for the soil to retain moisture, around young Chaenomeles, the soil is mulched with a layer of 3-5 cm. Sawdust or peat are suitable as mulch.

In the first two years after planting, young plants fertilize in spring nitrogen fertilizers and slurry, and in autumn - potash and phosphorus fertilizers.

After 4-5 years, Japanese Quince will begin to bloom and bear fruit. For an adult plant special care required:

As you can see, caring for Henomeles is quite simple and does not require large physical and financial costs. Basically, it consists in fertilizing and pruning shrubs.

Reproduction of Japanese Quince

The plant can be propagated in several ways:

Reproduction by seeds

This is the most reliable and easiest way to propagate Quince. Large brown seeds are planted in a prepared earth mixture in late February - early March.

About in six weeks seedlings dive into separate seedling cups. The grown seedlings in the ground can be planted in May or June.

Young seedlings require frost protection during the first winter. If this is not possible, then Quince will need to be planted in open ground only in the spring of next year.

Propagation by cuttings and grafting

The advantages of such reproduction is that all varietal qualities of the plant are preserved.

Cuttings should be harvested in early June. It is recommended to cut them in the early morning, in dry weather. When cutting off the cutting, it is necessary to make sure that it is with a small piece of last year's wood, that is, with a “heel”. Cut shoots are soaked for a day in growth stimulants and obliquely planted in a mixture of peat and sand(1:3). Rooting occurs within 30-40 days, provided that the air temperature is not below + 20C.

In May, a seedling of Quince is grafted with a varietal cutting:

The survival of the eyes is checked after three to four weeks. In the spring of next year, the kidney should give a new shoot, and the bandage can be removed.

The division of the bush

Quince bushes give numerous root offspring, and over time grow in all directions. Due to such offspring, the plant can grow even on a steep slope.

The ideal time for dividing the bush is the end of spring and the end of autumn. Root shoots for planting should have a thickness of 0.5 cm and a length of 10-15 cm. From one bush you can separate 5-6 offspring.

Prepared shoots are planted vertically in a permanent place. Further care for them consists in regular watering and mulching the soil under them with chips, wood chips or humus.

The disadvantage of this method of reproduction is that the root system of young shoots is poorly developed, and some seedlings need to be grown at home. The fruits of young plants are smaller than usual at first.

Disease and pest control Japanese quince

The main pest of Henomeles is the aphid. Its appearance can be a real disaster for the plant. Therefore, when it is detected, the bush must be immediately treated with special means.

At high humidity air in damp and cool weather, favorable conditions are created for the appearance various fungal diseases:

Effective methods of struggle are the use of copper-soapy liquid and 0.2% foundationol. Less dangerous is spraying the bushes with an infusion of onions. To do this, 150 grams of husks are insisted in 10 liters of water during the day. The resulting infusion plants are processed every five days.

Japanese quince, the care of which is not difficult, can be planted as a single plant, in small groups or along the edge of a garden path, forming a hedge from it. But this shrub is valued not only for its unpretentiousness and beautiful flowering. Quince fruits contain many different biologically active substances and a whole complex of vitamins. These remarkable qualities put Henomeles in a number of valuable fruit and berry crops.

Quince Chinese: photo, description

Chinese quince- This deciduous tree belonging to the genus Pseudosidonia. Distribution area - China, Japan, Korea. The tree is quite thermophilic. On the territory of the former USSR, it is rarely cultivated and only on the Black Sea coast, since it is completely unsuitable for it. temperate climate and the climate of the middle zone. AT East Asia, the plant has long been cultivated as an ornamental, fruit and medicinal. In spring, the leaves of the Chinese quince turn red and look beautiful against the background of its yellow fruits.

The height of Chinese quince in nature reaches 10 - 18 m. The leaves of the tree are oval with a serrated edge. It has five-petalled flowers of light pink color, approximately 2 cm to 4 cm in diameter. The fruits of Chinese quince are oval and large (12-17 cm long), some of them can reach up to 1.5 kg in weight. Fragrant llods are edible, although they have firm, sour flesh and are used mainly for making various desserts and jams. The fruits of Chinese quince are perfectly stored for 3 months at a temperature not higher than +10 C °.

Growing Chinese quince in the garden. The plant prefers fairly moist, well-drained soils. It tolerates drought well, but likes regular watering. For planting choose a sunny place, preference is given to loamy and sandy soils. In the spring, the tree is not pruned, since fruiting occurs on the shoots of the current year. For the winter, Chinese quince is covered. In spring - summer period mineral fertilizers are applied (twice).

Chinese quince: the subtleties of growing

Quince is the only plant in the genus. Most often, the culture has the appearance of a tree, the leaves of which fall in autumn. Much less often, the culture is a shrub from one and a half to five meters tall. Usually branches growing upwards are formed at an angle. Quince bark is usually rough to the touch, it comes in different colors - from brown to brown or even black. Young branches are usually grayish, and the stems are gray with a green tint.

The leaves of the plant are usually oval in shape, occasionally they resemble an egg. These organs are placed alternately, at the base they form a wedge or "heart". The color of the leaves is rich green. The flowers are regular in shape and white or pink color. Their diameter does not exceed 0.05 meters.

The fruits of the culture outwardly resemble an apple, a specific feature of which is hairiness. Sometimes the shape is spherical or pear-shaped. The fruit contains many brown seeds. It can reach up to two kilograms. A false apple grown in the wild weighs about 0.1 kilograms. The flesh is tough, tart and slightly sweet.

The flowering period falls on May-June, and you can already harvest, most often, from the beginning of autumn. The most prolific culture grows on heavy loamy soils. However, individuals growing in sandy loams begin to bear fruit earlier.

Quince is good for gardeners because it can multiply and, accordingly, spread different ways: seeds, cuttings, root processes.

The natural habitat of the fruit covers the territory from Central Asia to the southern countries of Europe. Shrubs are also actively grown in America, Australia and Oceania.

Video "Useful properties of quince"

From the video you will learn a lot of interesting things about this fruit tree.

cultivation

The shrub propagates, as mentioned above, by seeds or vegetatively: cuttings, root processes, sometimes grafting.

The shrub is undemanding to environmental conditions and unpretentious in care. It gives a good harvest, and the fruits of the plant are famous for their beneficial properties. The technology for growing quince is not particularly different from the technology for growing pears or apples. The culture grows well in areas with enough light and heat, it survives drought normally, but loves a lot of moisture. It is possible to grow fruit effectively in soddy soil.

As for the timing of planting, it is best to carry it out in mid-October or mid-April. For this purpose, seedlings with well-formed and developed roots and crowns are selected. Usually they are deepened by half a meter. At the same time, the pits for planting should have a diameter of at least a meter. Before planting, it is worth filling the “holes” with humus or compost. Since quince itself is barren, 2-3 trees should be planted near it. In fertile individuals, it is worth cutting off powerful annual branches. For the purpose of thinning, dry, damaged organs or those that contribute to thickening are usually removed.

reproduction

A shrub can reproduce in a variety of ways, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.

Speaking about propagation by seeds, it is worth noting that this method is the most famous, reliable and simple. During the processing of ripe fruits, their core with large brown seeds is usually cut out. So there is no need to throw it away. After all, these seeds are an excellent seed. sow them better in autumn so that they "overwinter" in the soil. Seeds give excellent germination, even in non-ideal soil. If it is not possible to plant seeds before winter, you need to lay them for stratification. It is enough to place them in moistened sand at a temperature of 3° - 5°. After the appearance of the first rudiments of sprouts, the seeds should be transplanted into open ground. Sprouts at the age of 2 years form a powerful root, therefore, with inaccurate planting, there is a risk of damage to this organ. This phenomenon can lead to the death of individuals. To avoid such a development of events, it makes sense to transplant young plants to a permanent place as early as possible.

Propagation of quince in a vegetative way will require more economic costs than seed. However, a significant advantage of cuttings or grafting is the preservation of the quality of the plant itself.

Green cuttings should be harvested in early summer at moderate air temperatures and on a rainless day. Cut them in the morning, as early as possible. The cuttings have two internodes. Individuals that were cut with a part of last year's wood (up to a centimeter long) take root well. It is necessary to use substances that stimulate the growth and development of culture (for example, Kornevin), as they increase the likelihood of survival by 20%. The cuttings are planted at an angle soil mix, consisting of sand and peat (in the proportion of 3 parts of sand to one part of peat) according to the scheme for 0.05 meters. If the ambient temperature is 20 ° -25 °, the formation of powerful roots occurs after 40 days.

Quince - a shrub prone to formation a large number root shoots. That is why they are often used for plant propagation. Thanks to such processes, the plant begins to grow in width and occupy large area. A lot of shoots help quince to securely "fix" in the soil and even strengthen the slopes. The underground part of the fruit is so branched that it will not be easy to remove the plant from the site, even with all the desire.

Digging up the root and its processes, select shoots 0.1 - 0.15 meters long and half a centimeter thick. From one bush you can get up to 5 shoots. It is better to plant them vertically and systematically water them. The earth must be constantly wet, as the plant loves water. After the bush, it is necessary to mulch with humus, shavings and wood chips.

The disadvantage of this method of propagation is the underdeveloped root system of some shoots, so some seedlings need to be grown. Such individuals even form smaller fruits than those of their relatives.

Collection and preparation

Chinese quince fruits are harvested as they ripen. The characteristics of the plant determine the possibility of their long-term storage. Fresh false apples can be stored for about 5 months. However, in this form they are practically not used. Quince is usually boiled or baked. Often, the fruits are used to make marmalade, jam, candied fruits, compotes. The essential oil that is present in the fruits gives them a special taste. That is why the culture is often used as a side dish for meat. Canned quince is used in the cuisines of some countries.

The fruits are also available to dry and dry. For this, it is better to use fruits without seeds and peel. They are cut into pieces, covered with sugar and remain in this form for some time. Further, the fruits are boiled in syrup and dried in the oven.

So, quince - useful fruit, which is widely used in food in various forms.

Video "Growing and care"

From the video you will learn how to grow and care for this fruit tree.

Quince - golden apple

Autumn has ended, and long winter months await us with frosts, cold winds and lack of sun. At this time, a diet rich in vitamins and minerals is very important for maintaining strength and health. In winter, our diet should contain as many vegetables and fruits as possible, and my article today is devoted to quince, a very healthy, sunny, bright fruit, which in the old days was called the golden apple.

There are three genera of quince - common quince, Japanese quince and Chinese quince. The common quince is a tree with large fruits, while the Chinese and Japanese quince are shrubs and their fruits are much smaller. Today I want to talk about common or oblong quince, the fruits of which are of the greatest nutritional value.

Quince ordinary grows in the North Caucasus, in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, in the Lower Volga region. This culture is widely distributed in the Crimea, Ukraine and the states of Central Asia. Winter-hardy varieties have been developed that allow this plant to be grown in middle lane Russia, Baltics, Belarus.

There are three varieties of common quince, which are grown for its very useful fruits, these are pear-shaped, apple-shaped and Portuguese quince. They differ in shape and size, among them there are varieties with more or less early ripening fruits, but all of them are extremely useful due to their composition. And today, dear readers, we will talk about how quince is eaten and what can be made from it. And for starters, we'll see how the quince looks in the photo.

Quince ordinary. A photo

Calorie content of quince and its composition

The quince calorie content is not high, it varies between 45 - 55 kcal per 100 grams of product, depending on the variety, soil, place of growth, climatic conditions and plant care.

The fruits contain a small amount of proteins and fats, but they contain fructose and a lot of pectins, complex carbohydrates that are formed in plants through the photosynthesis of carbon dioxide and water. Tannins, gums, glycosides, tartronic, citric and malic acids, dietary fiber and essential oils were found in the fruits, giving the quince fruits a specific aroma.

The chemical composition of quince

The chemical composition of quince is very rich, it contains almost all vital vitamins and quite a lot of minerals. Their number in products also depends on many factors, I will give average values.

Minerals

What is useful quince for the body

Quince is a fruit very useful for the human body, its fruits, due to the large amount of antioxidants, help to resist stress, prevent aging of the body, and have an antitumor effect.

Pectins and fiber help cleanse the body of harmful substances and heavy metals, remove excess cholesterol from the body, contribute to normal digestion. Quince fruits have other equally useful properties:

All these useful and medicinal properties of quince allow it to be used for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.

Quince. How it is eaten

The fruits of quince have a very dense hard peel, the pulp of raw fruits is hard and has a tart astringent taste. Therefore, quince is best consumed in a thermally processed form. Jam, jams, marmalade, marmalade, candied fruits are prepared from it, which have a delicate taste and wonderful aroma.

Quince is used to prepare sauces for poultry, for meat dishes; when boiled and stewed, it becomes soft and acquires a pleasant sweetish aftertaste. It is added to cereals, fruit pilaf, casseroles, stuffed pies, baked quince is very tasty. When cooking, it does not lose its nutritional and beneficial properties, and the amount of pectins only increases when heated.

The peel is best cleaned before cooking, it can be dried and added to tea to give it a pleasant aroma. Do not throw away the seeds; in dried form, medicinal infusions and decoctions are prepared from them.

Is it possible to eat quince raw

Raw quince is unlikely to please you, its taste is very tart, the peel is hard, and the flesh is dense. The fruits plucked from the tree must necessarily ripen, 2 to 3 weeks are enough for early varieties, but late varieties leave to ripen up to 2 months. In the process of such storage, the quince becomes softer, its biological value rises several times.

Fresh ripe quince slices can be added to tea instead of lemon. Tea acquires an amazing taste and aroma and is saturated with vitamins and essential oils.

Quince juice

Juice is prepared from fresh quince fruits, it can be drunk fresh or canned. For the preparation of juices, varieties with a mild nutmeg taste are used. Fresh juice goes well with other fruit juices, quince juice acquires a great taste if added to it. Apple juice, juice from pumpkin, peaches or bananas. Fresh juice is useful in case of lack of appetite, intestinal disorders, poisoning due to the presence of a large amount of tannins in it.

But do not forget that organic acids in the composition of any juices with a sour taste have a harmful effect on tooth enamel, so it is best to drink juices through a straw or rinse your mouth without fail after drinking them.

With caution, you need to give quince juice to children, it is best to start with a few drops diluted with water in order to understand if the child has an individual tolerance for this product, and for children under 6 years old it is better not to give quince juice at all.

Juice is contraindicated in gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as constipation, as its astringent properties can aggravate the situation. Allergic reactions and individual intolerance are also possible, although they are rare.

How to choose a quince

When buying a quince, you need to pay attention to appearance, the fruits should not have damage and stains, they should be evenly colored in a bright yellow, which speaks of their ripeness. Buy large fruits, small ones are stored much worse. The quince should feel firm to the touch and exude a strong pleasant aroma.

How to save quince

At room temperature, fresh quince fruits are stored for no more than two weeks, so it is better to place them in the refrigerator. For better preservation, it is recommended to wrap each fruit with not very thick clean paper or foil. In this form, the fruits are stored for several months.

If you need to keep the quince for a longer period, it can be frozen. Not only fresh fruits are subject to freezing, but also thermally processed ones. Quince needs to be peeled, cut into slices and boiled. After cooling, place in food containers and send to freezer. Frozen fruits retain a maximum of useful properties.

Another way to save quince for the winter is to dry it in the oven or in a special electric dryer. Slices for drying should be cut as thin as possible and dried at a temperature of 50 degrees. Properly dried slices should retain elasticity and should not be excessively brittle.

I suggest watching a video about the amazing quince fruit, how it looks, about its beneficial properties.

What can be done from quince. Recipes

There are many delicious recipes from quince, for the winter they prepare a variety of jams, compotes, jams, very fragrant, reminiscent of summer. Fresh quince is baked, candied fruits are prepared from it, which are superior in taste to any sweets.

quince jam recipe

• Peel the quince, remove the core and cut into small slices. Pour in water and boil for 10 minutes until the slices become soft.
• Drain the water and make a syrup from it at the rate of 1 kilogram of sugar per glass of water, dip the blanched pieces of quince into the hot syrup.
• Jam can be cooked immediately until it is ready, but it will turn out much tastier if you cook it in three steps, boiling for 10-15 minutes over low heat at intervals of 6-8 hours.

When cooking jam, you can add slices of lemons, oranges, cinnamon, vanillin to it, thereby achieving a varied taste and aroma.



Candied quince

Candied quince is a very tasty and healthy dessert, and it is not at all difficult to cook them.

• The fruits must be peeled, cut in half, removing the seeds and cut into thin slices.
• Quince slices are blanched for 3 minutes or simply poured with boiling water for a few minutes, then the water is drained and syrup is prepared on its basis at the rate of a kilogram of sugar per liter of water.
• Then quince slices are poured with syrup and left to soak for 6-8 hours. Then boil the syrup with quince for 5 minutes and leave again. Repeat 1-2 more times, then dip the slices with powdered sugar and put on flat trays. Candied quince dried in this way is perfectly stored in glassware.

Quince compote for the winter

A great way to prepare quince for the winter is to cook compote from it, for which you need 2 liters of water and 400 grams of sugar per kilogram of quince. Each housewife has her own recipe, I will give you the simplest one.

• Thoroughly clean the quince from the rough layer and rinse with a brush, it is not necessary to cut the peel. Cut the fruit into 4 parts, removing the core with seeds. Cut into thin slices and pour boiling water with the addition of lemon juice, leave for 15 - 20 minutes.
• Prepare a syrup from water and granulated sugar, let it boil so that the sugar is completely dissolved, put slices into it, boil.
• Put quince tightly in sterile jars, pour syrup to the top, sterilize liter jars for 20 minutes and close tightly with boiled metal lids.



Baked quince recipe

Baked quince in the oven turns out to be very tasty, the fruits become soft without losing their aroma and beneficial properties.

• Before baking, the skin from the quince does not need to be cut off, just rinse well, cut in half, remove the core and place on a baking sheet or in a baking dish.
• Sprinkle quince halves lemon juice, put in them a spoonful of sugar and cover the form with foil. Bake for about an hour, then remove the foil and leave for another 10-15 minutes so that the quince halves are browned.

When baking quince fruits, you can experiment, add cinnamon, cloves, which will enhance the aroma and add oriental “notes” to the taste of the fruit. You can bake without sugar, after cooling, pour the slices with honey. Extraordinarily tasty and healthy.

And for the soul, we will listen to a song performed today Adamo Salvatore J'aime. A wonderful theme of love from the Belgian chansonnier.

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For many centuries, the inhabitants of China and Japan have been growing Chinese quince. It is called the "fruit of longevity" and is highly valued for its unique composition and medicinal properties.

In Russia, this plant is considered ornamental. Not so long ago, it began to gain popularity among gardeners. Raw quince is practically not eaten. But very tasty, and most importantly healthy jams, preserves, syrups, compotes, jellies, candied fruits are cooked from the fruits.

Benefit

Chinese quince is a source of vitamins A, C, E, group B, calcium, iron, pectin, phosphorus, tartaric, citric, malic acids. It refers to dietary products.

Dried quince flowers, prepared as an infusion, help with bronchitis, coughs and other respiratory diseases.

Fresh Chinese quince is a difficult product for digestion. But the past heat treatment, on the contrary, becomes useful for the digestive tract.

Quince jam, sauces, jams and marmalade are a source of potassium, which is responsible for the health of the cardiovascular system. It normalizes high blood pressure and lowers cholesterol in the blood.

Chinese quince contains ascorbic acid, which is essential for heart health. It also slows down the aging process in the body and reduces the risk of eye diseases.

Quince fruits have powerful antioxidant properties.

The substances that make up the fruit fight free radicals, which means they reduce the risk of cancer.

Freshly squeezed juice from ripe fruits is an excellent antiseptic. It is very useful for asthmatics and those suffering from respiratory diseases.

Mucous decoction of the seeds of this fruit helps with uterine bleeding and expectoration of blood.

Chinese quince has astringent and diuretic properties, so it is used in the treatment of cystitis.

Quince fruit syrup is useful for people with low hemoglobin.

The fruit is rich in copper, which is responsible for the health of bones and tissues, as well as the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. In addition, this microelement relieves fatigue.

Dietary fiber contained in quince fruits prevents hemorrhoids and constipation, and also helps to get rid of extra pounds.

The fruit is a whole complex of vitamins and minerals that are very useful for skin, hair and nails care.

An infusion of quince seeds accelerates the healing of burns and bedsores, and a decoction of its seeds relieves inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

It should also be noted that Chinese quince:

• good antispasmodic;
• promotes the speedy healing of bruises and injuries;
• normalizes the liver;
• effective against edema in hypertension and during pregnancy;
• relieves pain in sciatica and rheumatism.

Harm

Despite all the benefits of Chinese quince fruits, doctors do not advise getting carried away with this fruit. The fact is that quince is a rather strong allergen. And you need to eat it no more than 1/4 of the fruit at a time.

Speakers and singers should be wary of the fruits of this plant. Scientists have proven that the use of quince does not have the best effect on the condition of the vocal cords and larynx. The fact is that the fluff on the surface of the fetus has an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the throat and causes a cough.

calories

100 grams of fruit contains about 50 kcal. And none of those calories come from fat; carbohydrates - 14 gr. (12 grams of sugar), a small amount of vitamin C, calcium and iron.

Contraindications

Chinese quince is contraindicated in pleurisy and chronic constipation. Raw fruits should not be consumed by people with enterocolitis, as well as gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Pregnant women can use Chinese quince, provided that they do not suffer from constipation. Moreover, the fruits must first undergo heat treatment.

For nursing mothers, quince should be introduced into the diet with extreme caution and in a small amount, tracking the reaction of the baby to a new product. If the child is allergic, and he regularly experiences malfunctions in the digestive system (diarrhea, constipation), quince should be discarded. Since the tannins contained in the fruits are able to penetrate into breast milk and cause intestinal disorders in the baby.

Baked Chinese quince can be given to children no earlier than 10-11 months of life, if they do not have the above problems.

The nutritional value

Vitamins and minerals

A large amount of vitamins, minerals and trace elements important for health make it very beneficial for health.

An ancient culture originally from the Middle Kingdom, Chinese quince has many useful properties and is valued for its unique vitamin and mineral composition. She is credited with the ability to prolong life and heal diseases.

Brief description of the species

Quince is the only representative of its kind. This is a heat-loving tree, whose habitat is the countries of Asia and southern Europe.
The tree can reach quite high sizes, up to four to five meters, has a sprawling dense crown. It is rare to find a quince with an even straight trunk, most often it is twisted and curved. Rough bark has a brownish-brown color, young shoots of a grayish tint.
The oval leaves are a rich dark green color. In autumn, they change color to yellow, orange, brown, which gives the tree a special charm. The leaves are small, arranged alternately with serrated edges.
Already in April, the first single flowers of a pale pink hue appear on the quince. This species is not divided into male and female. One tree contains flowers of "both sexes" and is self-pollinating. Flowering is long and lasts about two months.
The first crop is harvested already at the beginning of autumn, these are large fruits resembling an apple or pear, but with a specific “hairiness”. The fruit pulp is dense, tart due to an excess of essential oils. It is the sour, sharp taste and strong viscosity that lead to the fact that quince is practically not consumed fresh, but it is actively used in preparations.

Planting and growing

Quince is loved by gardeners for its unpretentiousness and the ability to multiply in several ways: vegetatively, part of the root system, seeds.

• The seed method is the most popular. Seeds are taken from ripe fruits, planting is carried out in the fall, so that the seeds spend the winter in the soil. The plant should be planted at a permanent location in the first year, since the quince quickly forms a powerful root system and there is a risk of damaging it.
• For vegetative propagation, cuttings are harvested in early summer, after complete completion flowering period. Cut them early in the morning at a cool air temperature. Planted in a soil mixture of 3 parts sand and 1 part peat, strengthening them at an angle. A moderate (20–22°C) temperature is necessary for the formation of the root system. Transplantation to a permanent place can be done after 40-45 days.
• Branched root shoots are used for propagation, selecting shoots about 15 cm long. They are planted in a soil mixture similar to that described in the previous version. The cuttings are dug up in a vertical position and watered regularly. An important condition of this method is the constant moisture content of the soil.

Store-bought seedlings are planted in mid-April or October. The planting hole should have a diameter of about a meter, and any organic fertilizer should be laid on the bottom. Quince is unpretentious to the environment, the rules of care are similar to those for growing apple trees. Culture loves light, warm side garden, sufficiently tolerant of lack of moisture.

Beneficial features

Why are quince fruits so valued:

• antioxidants contained in large quantities are able to bind free radicals and remove them from the body, significantly reducing the risk of malignant diseases;
• pectin cleanses the body of toxic substances and salts of heavy metals;
• ascorbic acid, potassium and magnesium improve heart function;
• calcium, copper and phosphorus are needed for correct formation skeleton, bone tissue, thyroid gland;
• fiber helps digestion and cleanses the intestines;
• a high content of vitamins, especially group C, strengthens the immune system in the fight against viral diseases, is priceless in the spring period of beriberi;
• quince - a dietary product rich in vitamins and minerals that can provide effective assistance in the fight against excess weight;
• fresh juice has an antiseptic effect and is used for inflammatory diseases of the throat;
• a decoction of dried flowers helps with bronchopulmonary diseases, having an expectorant effect;
• quince is an excellent remedy for normalizing pressure by cleansing blood vessels.

Harvesting and storage

Quince fruits reach their full maturity by mid-summer. Given the thick-skinned fruit and viscous structure, fresh crops can be stored for up to six months. For better safety, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions:

• optimal storage temperature - 0 + 2 degrees;
• if there are few fruits, it is recommended to pack each fruit in foil, but if the harvest is large, you can store quince in a box filled with sand or sawdust;
• beaten fruits are not stored for a long time, overly ripe fruits are best kept in a dark place;
• for better keeping quality at room conditions, each fruit is placed in a separate paper bag;
• another equally popular way is to rub the fruit with vegetable oil, which forms a thin film that preserves the fruit.
• Quince can be stored with apples, but the proximity to pears speeds up the process of rotting quince.

But fresh quince is used only as a medicine and is not suitable for everyone. Therefore, dried, dried, candied fruits are used as a "preserved material".

To whom culture is contraindicated

Despite the obvious advantages, quince is not a completely harmless product. It should be used with caution by people with diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, colitis, a tendency to constipation.
In inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, the use of quince should be abandoned, since the hairs present on the surface of the fruit have an irritating effect on the inflamed throat mucosa.
Quince is the strongest allergen, so it is recommended to introduce it into the diet of children in processed form no earlier than 10-12 months. For the same reason, nursing mothers should be careful not to provoke allergic reactions and intestinal problems in the baby.
Pregnant women are advised to use quince only after heat treatment.
Even healthy people who are not at risk, this healthy fruit can be eaten no more than a quarter a day.

What can be prepared from quince

This fruit is present on the menu of many countries of the world and enjoys well-deserved respect. Fresh quince is used as an addition to meat dishes or as a savory ingredient in sauces. Most often, jam, compotes, marmalade are prepared from these fruits, and candied pieces are harvested.
Collected and dried flowers are harvested for the preparation of decoctions that help sputum discharge in bronchitis, and have a tonic effect.
Canned fresh juice can be used as an antiseptic for diseases of the mouth and throat.
Quince has found application in cosmetology as a natural nourishing mask.
This culture, grown at first as an ornamental tree, has gained fans around the world. By arranging its comfortable corner and paying enough attention, you can grow an invaluable pantry of health in your garden.

Quince is a shrub or tree from 1.5 to 5 meters tall, the fruits of which are spherical or pear-shaped with a hard, tart, astringent, sweetish taste. People have known the beneficial properties of quince since ancient times, often using the fruit as medicinal plant. Its seeds are rich in iron, so quince is useful in decoctions taken to saturate the body with useful microelements, as well as a mild laxative, to reduce cough, in case of eye diseases, such as cosmetics softening the skin.

What are the benefits of common quince?

The common quince is a rival to the lemon and a competitor to the apple in terms of the presence of nutrients. With early spring until late autumn, it is eaten raw, baked, and made into delicious jam. Famous cuisines of Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Mediterranean cannot be imagined without this fruit: they season meat with it, make soft drinks and sweets. Quince is also called a false apple, because it is spherical and golden color, and its properties are amazing. Fruits, seeds, leaves of quince contain in their composition:

• a huge amount of pectin;
• niacin, vitamin C;
• sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium;

Common varieties of quince and their medicinal properties

There are many varieties of quince. Only on the territory Russian Federation There are more than 10 types of this fruit. Known Russian varieties: Teplovskaya, soft-fruited Volgograd, collective, Krasnoslobodskaya and others. But not everyone is allowed to eat fresh fruits. Many varieties are grown on the territory of Ukraine, in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan. We will talk about the most famous varieties quince, which have particularly beneficial properties.

Anzherska

The early ripening French variety differs from its relatives in the speed of ripening. In this variety, the fruits resemble apples, the pulp is dense with granulation near the core. It is used fresh, for processing or for medicinal purposes. Blooming and fruiting Anzhers quince is a very beautiful ornamental plant that decorates squares and parks. With a decoction of Anzherska with angina, they gargle the throat of a child and an adult. Quince compote helps with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which should be noted by women during pregnancy.

Japonica

Quince Japanese gardeners call henomeles, and its flowers are very similar to apple trees. Chaenomeles is cultivated in Japan and China as an ornamental or fruit tree. On some islands of Japan, wild chaenomeles is often found. Japanese quince fruits contain a lot of healing properties, for example, pectins, which cleanse the human body of salts of heavy metals. Fresh or dried fruits of Japanese chaenomelis are used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, tuberculosis and diabetes. You can learn more about the healing properties of chaenomelis from the video:

Chinese

The fruits of Chinese quince are up to 1.5 kg in weight and contain:

• vitamins A, C, B;
• calcium, iron;
• apple, wine, citric acid;
• phosphorus;
• pectin.

Chinese quince, which has undergone heat treatment, is useful for the gastrointestinal tract, organs of the cardiovascular system, it has the ability to reduce blood pressure and “bad” cholesterol. Jam is especially useful in winter, when it is easy to get infected with various viruses. It is also widely used in cooking. Marmalade is especially good, because it is not for nothing that the word “quince” in Portuguese means “marmalade”. A decoction of the seeds of Chinese quince tends to have a central nervous system calming effect.

Quince recipes for the treatment of various diseases

The breadth of the scope of the false apple is enormous. These fruits are used to prevent the risk of diseases such as:

1. Flu.
2. Gastric ulcer.
3. Hypertension.
4. Haemorrhoids.
5. Diseases of the liver.
6. Eye diseases.
7. Diarrhea.
8. Jaundice.
9. Dysentery.
10. Tuberculosis.

Fresh quince juice is indicated for anemia, and only 100 g of fresh fruit can provide the body with two daily norms of iron. To weaken bronchial asthma, leaves from 6 fruits should be poured with a glass of boiling water, boiled in a water bath for 20 minutes, then squeezed, topped up with water to the original volume and taken 4 times before meals daily, 2 tbsp. l. The infusion is stored in the cold for no more than 3 days.

Seed decoctions for inflammation of the bronchi

In the presence of inflammatory processes in the bronchi, quince seeds are used. They contain glycerin, starch, beneficial mucus, glycosites, tannins and fatty oil, which allows them to be used as an enveloping and expectorant agent. Less commonly, the seeds are used as a laxative, for painful periods, baldness, dry mouth symptoms.

Seeds of only mature fruits are collected. The main thing is not to damage their shell, otherwise the seeds will become unsuitable for the treatment of bronchi - they will lose their useful hydrocyanic acid. Seeds are dried, stacked in a glass jar, stored for no more than one year. With inflammation of the bronchi 1 tbsp. l. seeds should be poured warm water, shake for a few minutes until the liquid becomes mucous, take 100 ml before meals three times every day until recovery.

Leaf decoction to stabilize blood sugar

The beneficial properties of the leaves of the false apple are known no less than the seeds and fruits. The decoction is used for blood pressure, diabetes, asthma attacks and to lower blood sugar levels. To prepare a decoction, you need to grind quince leaves, pour 200 ml of boiling water over one tablespoon. The broth is kept until cool under the lid, then filtered and drunk three times daily, 2 tbsp. l.

To normalize an asthma attack, it will be useful to simmer boiled quince leaves for 15-20 minutes, and then strain and bring to the original volume (200 ml) with water. Drink 4 times before meals, 2 tbsp. l. daily until the seizure subsides. If you use quince decoction for a long period of time, then asthma will completely stop bothering you. Hypertensive patients will benefit from alcohol tincture, which is prepared as follows: 100 g of freshly picked quince leaves are taken and 100 g of vodka are poured. The infusion is aged for a week in a dark place, filtered and consumed daily, 20 drops 2 times.

Quince compote to strengthen the body

For the prevention of colds, prudent housewives stock up for the winter with quince compote, which retains all the beneficial properties of fruits, even when boiled. It is easy to prepare: for this, ripe fruits are peeled, cut, removing the core, and then immersed in acidified water to soften. When the fruits, pricked with a needle, slide off easily, they are taken out and left to dry. At this time, 300 g of sugar is added to 1 liter of water, brought to a boil. Then the quince is poured with syrup, placed in glass jars, and then sterilized.

Quince tea has no less useful properties. The diuretic properties of the drink serve as a salvation for edema different kind, as well as in acute respiratory diseases, hypertension and cough. To prepare quince tea, quince seeds and leaves are taken in equal proportions, which are poured with boiling water, steamed or very slowly simmered for 5 minutes, infused under the lid for 5 hours, and then filtered. Drink this tea should be 3 times daily until the disappearance of edema or an attack of disease.

Quince jam for gastrointestinal diseases

The beneficial properties of the golden fruits of the false apple are excellent in jam, which is a more popular dish among housewives. It is very tasty, surprisingly fragrant and preserves the useful substances of the false apple as much as possible. Jam is especially indicated for any problems of the gastrointestinal tract. To properly cook it, you will need: 1 kg of ripe fruit, 1 liter of water, 1 kg of granulated sugar.

Washed fruits are placed in a saucepan, poured with water, boiled for 10 minutes, then transferred to a container with cold water and peeled. Peeled fruits are cut into 8 parts, the core is removed, poured with pre-prepared syrup for 4 hours. After the jam is put on fire, brought to a boil, boiled for 5 minutes, infused for 8 hours. This procedure is repeated 3 more times, after which the finished jam is sterilized and stored.

Baked quince is a favorite and healthy treat for children and adults. When baking, the aroma of fruits intensifies, they cease to be tart, retaining all the beneficial properties. To do this, free the fruits from the core, and pour honey into the dimple, sprinkle with a little cinnamon, add any chopped nuts and let the fruit bake well for 40-60 minutes.

Fruit contraindications

Quince is contraindicated for pleurisy, constipation, inflammation of the larynx or disruption of the vocal cords, so professional singers or teachers should use this fruit with caution. But you can replace the ingestion with the external use of quince in the form of lotions or balms. Also, the use of fruit is undesirable for enterocolitis - seeds, pulp will cause intestinal blockage or spasms.