Insulation of the ground floor floor using mineral or glass wool. How to insulate the floor on the first floor? Various methods of insulating the floor in an apartment How to properly insulate the floor of the 1st floor

The apartment on the ground floor is located above the basement, from which concrete slab ceilings, dampness and cold penetrate into the room. High humidity, bad smell, fungus and uncomfortable floor temperature - residents face these problems every day until they decide to insulate the concrete base.

External thermal insulation of the base is always effective and does not take up space in the room. In the common basement, you need to determine and mark the area of ​​your apartment. In damp conditions, moisture-resistant insulation is used - expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. The layer thickness for warm regions is 10 cm, for cold regions - 15 cm. Thermal insulation occurs using the following technology:

1. Foam boards are attached to the concrete ceiling basement
2. To protect the material from rodents it is laid metal grid and is fixed with plastic dowels.
3. The foam is covered with polyethylene film for waterproofing. As a replacement for moisture-resistant fabric, which can be damaged, bitumen coating insulation is used.

Mineral wool can be used as insulation, but more effort will be required. It is necessary to secure the lathing under the material, lay waterproofing and cover everything with moisture-resistant plywood.

Thermal insulation of concrete subfloor

The fight against penetrating cold begins with sealing the cracks in the base. To seal them, polyurethane foam is used; it can be used to treat the joint between the floor and the wall. Thorough waterproofing will allow you to get rid of dampness in an apartment on the ground floor. At high humidity the entire floor area is covered with coating or penetrating insulation. After this, a polyethylene film 200 microns thick is spread. The edges of the canvas should extend onto the walls to a height of 15-20 cm. The film is laid with an overlap of adjacent strips of 10-15 cm, the joints are sealed with construction tape.

There are several ways to insulate the floor in an apartment:

• concrete screed with insulating additives: sawdust, expanded clay, perlite;
• styling thermal insulation material by lags;
• dry screed for gypsum fiber panels;
• use of polystyrene foam boards under concrete;
• heated floor system.

Arbolite or lightweight concrete made from a mixture of cement and wood fillers - affordable and quality option thermal insulation. It is environmentally friendly, durable, non-flammable and durable. The disadvantage of insulation is that the floor is raised by 10 cm and the drying time is up to 25 days.

Using joists for thermal insulation will also raise the base. The work is carried out in stages:

1. Wooden blocks are laid on the waterproofing layer in increments of 50 cm.
2. Insulation is placed between the guides - expanded clay with a layer of 10-12 cm or mineral wool 10 cm thick. The material is laid tightly, the gaps between it and the logs are filled polyurethane foam.
3. A polyethylene film is laid for vapor barrier. It is fastened with staples, the joints are taped with special tape.
4. A subfloor made of boards or plywood is laid.

Insulate concrete floor short term A dry screed that does not require time to dry will allow. Fine expanded clay or sand is poured onto the spread waterproofing, the rock is distributed in an even layer of 5 cm and compacted. Placed on insulation moisture resistant drywall in two rows or special “KNAUF superfloor” panels, the thickness of which is 20 mm. The sheets are glued together and treated with putty. The coating has low thermal conductivity, protects against noise and moisture, is safe and does not require wet processes. Parquet, linoleum, laminate are laid on gypsum fiber.

Expanded polystyrene has high density and strength, it will become reliable and warm base for the floor. The slabs are placed staggered so that the load is distributed evenly. The joints between them are covered with polyurethane foam. The material is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and filled with a layer of cement screed 5 cm high.

Installation of a heated floor system - best option for an apartment on the ground floor, it will rid the room of dampness and at any time increase the temperature of the coating to a comfortable level.

Here you can install a water, electric or film floor. The system is laid on a base insulated with expanded polystyrene. A foil material is laid under it, with the reflective side facing the room. Water and electric cable floors are laid under the screed, and infrared film is placed under the finishing coating.

How to insulate a wooden floor?

Wood has less thermal conductivity than concrete, but on the ground floor it also seems cold and damp. Before removing the covering boards, you need to select insulation. Usually basalt wool is used, it retains heat well, absorbs noise, does not rot and does not attract rodents, and is safe in case of fire.

Expanded clay - natural bulk material for thermal insulation, it is lightweight and affordable price, quick and easy to install. You can use expanded polystyrene, the material is durable, resistant to moisture and stress, but its cost is higher than other insulation materials.

Isolation process wooden base consists of several stages:

1. The boards are removed and inspected; if they are in good condition, they are returned to their place after all work has been completed.
2. Processing in progress wooden joists antiseptic.
3. A waterproofing sheet is spread, extending up to 20 cm onto the walls. All joists are wrapped in film.
4. Rolled basalt wool is tightly laid out between the bars or expanded clay is poured. The height of the insulation does not reach the top of the joists by 5 mm.
5. The laid material is covered vapor barrier film so that moisture from the apartment does not get on it.
6. The tongue and groove boards are nailed to the joists.

By correctly insulating the floor in your apartment, you will forget about moisture and cold for a long time.

The first floor of apartment and private buildings in Russia is traditionally colder than the next ones. This is mainly due to the lack of thermal insulation during the construction of horizontal building envelopes. If you properly insulate the floor of the first floor, you can prevent the appearance of dampness and reduce heat loss in an apartment or in the rooms of a private house by 20%.

The first floor of apartment and private buildings in Russia is traditionally colder than the next ones.

Thermal insulation of the floor is best done during the construction phase. But, if this moment is missed, then it is better to insulate the floor of the first floor from the basement.

This method of thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor in a private house is effective protection floors from heat loss and allows you to maintain the ceiling height in the living room.

How to properly insulate the floor on the basement side and what materials to use? As insulation, you can use building materials made from synthetic microelements or based on natural raw materials, namely:

• Mineral wool;
• Basalt wool;
• Styrofoam;
• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex).

If you are insulating a wooden floor from below, you must first perform preparatory work. Wood is highly flammable and susceptible to harmful insects and therefore the preparation consists of repairing or replacing rotten areas, as well as impregnating the beams with antiseptic and fire retardant compounds.

Then a layer of waterproofing material - polyethylene or foil film - is attached between the beams. The waterproofing sheets are laid overlapping, and the edges should overlap the ends of the beams by about 15 - 20 cm. From below, from the basement, slabs of mineral or basalt wool are inserted between the beams.

Cover the entire area of ​​the insulated surface with an overlap of vapor barrier sheets and secure it with wide-headed nails. The joints are sealed with special adhesive tape. Counter battens and flooring elements are stuffed on top.

Insulation of a basement floor over a concrete floor can be done without frame method. The ceiling is cleaned of dust and dirt, leveled with plaster and coated with a deep penetration primer. Then they are pasted over with foam plastic slabs, placing them tightly to each other. The gaps are filled with special glue with pieces of insulation. Next, a vapor barrier layer is attached, observing the tightness conditions. The final coating can be made from cement mortar, securing a pre-reinforced mesh or filling the sheathing and boards.

Insulation of the floor located above the ground

How to insulate the floor on the first floor if there is no underground floor in a private house? In this case, floor insulation on the first floor is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Disassemble the existing floor;
• level the soil and compact it;
• covered with a layer of roofing felt;
• pour expanded clay with a layer thickness of 10 - 15 cm;
• lay a reinforcing layer of mesh - chain-link;
• arrange a concrete screed;
• cover the screed with waterproofing material;
• install the rack frame;
• thermal insulation material (mineral wool, basalt wool or penoplex) are placed in the compartments of the frame;
• covered with a layer of vapor barrier building material;
• installation of plank flooring.

The edges of the roofing felt strips should overlap each other and lateral surface foundation along the perimeter of the room by 15 - 20 cm. The joints and edges are filled with melted bitumen.

Polyethylene or foil film is used as a waterproofing material, and Izospan V, Yutafol N, TechnoNikol are used for vapor barrier. Expanded clay is poured with cement laitance, and the subsequent insulating layer is made of foam boards or extruded polystyrene foam, laying them as tightly as possible and fastening them with tongue-and-groove ends. In order to eliminate cold bridges, the joints between the heat insulator slabs are sealed with special glue with pieces of material.

Protection of the floor from heat loss in a private house from the room side

Insulate the floor in wooden house from the room side you can use a roller mineral wool, the width of which is 1 cm greater than the width between the joists. How to insulate a wooden floor with your own hands? The insulation technology is quite simple and consists of the following steps:

• Removing the old wooden floor. Boards are inspected and removed old paint polished and impregnated with an antiseptic and fire retardant solution.
• Cleaning rough foundation from debris and dust.
• Inspection of logs, their repair and replacement of rotten areas.
• Treatment of logs with an antiseptic and fire retardant.
• Laying polypropylene film. The film sheets are secured to the joists with a construction stapler, and the joints are taped with special tape.
• Installation of insulation. Mineral wool is placed tightly between the floor joists in a wooden house.
• Installation of a vapor barrier layer. Vapor barrier membrane material Izospan B or Yutafol N is spread with a continuous cover, with the mirror side facing up. The canvases are attached to the joists with a stapler and the joints and edges are sealed with adhesive tape.
• Installation of finished plank flooring and installation of skirting boards.

Insulation of the basement floor

The main condition for choosing insulation for recessed ground floor is its water resistance. Therefore, insulation of the basement floor is carried out using a heat-insulating material based on synthetic raw materials - polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex).

The work is carried out according to the following scheme:

• The soil is leveled and compacted;
• arrange a sand cushion and compact it layer by layer;
• pour a screed from cement mortar or concrete;
• perform waterproofing with sheet metal bituminous material, with wall swimming;
• mount slabs of foam plastic or penoplex, securing them together with tongue-and-groove ends;
• lay reinforced mesh;
• perform a finishing screed of concrete with a thickness of at least 30 mm.

Foundation and plinth walls with outside dig out, clean from dirt, coat with bitumen 2 times and lay waterproofing.

Then they are covered with polystyrene foam boards, and the joints are foamed. The final finishing is done with plaster on a grid or covered with porcelain tiles. Along the perimeter of the foundation they lay drainage pipes on a crushed stone base.

Floor insulation in a two-level apartment

In a modern two-level apartment, it is important to properly insulate the floor, especially if there is a technical floor underneath. You can effectively insulate the floor on the first floor of an apartment using extruded polystyrene foam slabs under the screed or laying them between the joists wooden floors.

At the beginning concrete base cleaned of dust and dirt and, if necessary, leveled with cement screed. Then coated with a deep penetration primer. The next stage is making a waterproofing layer from sheets of polyethylene or foil film, laid overlapping. Penoplex slabs are mounted on top, connecting them together with tongue-and-groove ends.

The gaps are filled with special glue with pieces of insulation. Then cover the floor surface vapor barrier membrane, sealing its joints and edges with reinforced tape, on top of which a reinforced mesh is fixed and a screed of cement mortar or concrete is poured. You can make floor insulation in an apartment more effective if you bury pipes with circulating water or a self-heating cable into the screed.

With this insulation option, water or electric coolant is attached to reinforced mesh, and then arrange a screed. After the layer of cement or concrete mortar perform finishing flooring.

Insulation of the second floor is carried out only if there is a cold attic above the apartment. Thermal insulation of the floor located between the first and second floors apartment building, makes no sense.

Thermal protection of floor coverings with bulk insulation

You can insulate the floor in an apartment or private building on the ground floor bulk insulation. The technology for performing heat-protective measures using such materials is as follows:

• Prepare the surface of the concrete floor and coat it with a deep penetration primer;
• divided into compartments with wooden beams;
• spread out into compartments waterproofing material, the edges of which should extend to the ends of the beam. Roofing felt, glassine, polyethylene or foil film are used as waterproofing.
• fill the compartments to the top with expanded clay or ecowool, compacting them layer by layer. To do this, the expanded clay is pre-dried, and the ecowool is fluffed in a separate container;
• lay down vapor barrier material, the joints and edges of which are secured with a special adhesive tape. It is better to perform vapor barrier modern PVC membranes.
• counter-battens are stuffed to create a ventilation gap;
• installation finishing coating from floor tongue-and-groove boards and plinths.

Thermal protection of the enclosing surfaces of your home is a responsible process that requires a competent approach. Therefore, if you do not know how to insulate an apartment on the ground floor or a private house, contact specialists.

Video on the topic of backfill insulation:

Apartments located on the ground floor suffer more than other apartments in the building from moisture and cold. This is due to the direct contact of the flooring with the floor slab, which separates the apartment from the unheated basement. As a result, the floor is always colder than the air in the apartment, and if in summer this is not so noticeable, then in winter such a cold floor will cool the entire room, also causing the appearance of dampness.

Therefore for normal temperature floor covering, it is necessary to insulate the floors. This can be done by carrying out repairs yourself or with the help of hired workers. The essence of floor insulation is to lay a layer or several layers of insulation on the floor between the basement and the apartment. In addition, a vapor barrier is needed, since due to temperature differences, condensation is inevitable, and moisture has a negative effect on insulating materials. Next we will look at various options insulation, insulation, we’ll tell you about materials, prices, and explain how to do all the work yourself.

Types of insulation

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene, better known as polystyrene foam or its modified counterpart penoplex, has excellent thermal insulation properties, is lightweight and easy to use. There is also extruded polystyrene foam. Its difference from the usual one is that it is waterproof. If ordinary polystyrene foam can absorb a certain amount of liquid and become deformed due to temperature changes, then its more technologically advanced form is almost completely waterproof. The only disadvantage of polystyrene foam is its flammability.

Expanded clay

This bulk material has an attractive price and is universal. Can be used for dry floor screed or mixed with cement mortar. You can also use it to create a floating screed with your own hands.

Polystyrene concrete

Unlike expanded clay, polystyrene concrete requires a much smaller layer to create acceptable insulating properties. You can lay almost anything on it, including tiles. In addition, it has excellent sound insulation properties. You will learn more about this material from the video.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool, as well as glass wool, are some of the most popular insulation materials, which are made in the form of tiles or rolls. The advantages include thermal insulation properties, reasonable price and vapor absorption. The disadvantages are that the composition is hazardous to health. When installing it yourself, you should use respirators and avoid contact with exposed parts of the body. Therefore, mineral wool and glass wool need careful insulation to prevent dust from penetrating into the premises.

Cork

Cork material is perhaps the most expensive on our list. It is environmentally friendly, durable and moisture resistant. It can be used even when finishing, because in addition to its insulating properties, it looks beautiful as finishing coat. Disadvantages include instability to cuts and other mechanical damage.

Ecowool

It is made on the basis of cellulose, which means it is environmentally friendly and not hazardous to health. It has high heat and sound insulation properties, but does not tolerate moisture. Therefore, it is used in areas where there is no risk of contact with moisture. For more information about the advantages and disadvantages of ecowool, watch the video

Penoizol

This is liquid polystyrene foam, all the advantages of which we talked about above. Favorable difference liquid form such material has the ability to penetrate into the most inconvenient places.

Warm floor

The option of installing underfloor heating is becoming increasingly popular. The only thing that puts me off is its cost. There are several variations:

• Water;
• Electric;
• Infrared.

Water heated floor, heats with the help of communications with hot water under the subfloor. Electric underfloor heating is also installed and heats by converting electricity into heat. Infrared is the most modern, simplest option and can be installed with your own hands without the involvement of specialists. Thin underfloor heating elements are laid under the finishing flooring. Only this type of floor can be realized with your own hands, without special skills.

Insulation from the basement

If the apartment is on the ground floor, then most likely there is basement. The obvious solution to insulating the floor would be to make repairs from the basement side, if there is no need to carry out repairs inside the apartment. In this case, the big advantage will be that the floor in the apartment will not rise, and also, if the repairs have already been done, you will not have to open the floor and redo it again. When insulating from the basement side, there is no need for careful finishing, which makes it possible to do the work with your own hands, even for an inexperienced builder.

The best materials for such repairs are ordinary polystyrene foam or mineral wool, but installing it yourself is more labor-intensive and the price is higher.

• At the first stage, you need to find floor plans and make markings along the perimeter of your apartment. It is better to do it with a margin, so that the insulation area extends several centimeters beyond the boundaries of the walls.
• Then conduct a survey of the basement walls. Most likely, they will have cracks and chips, and maybe even holes. They should be sealed with cement mortars or simple foam.
• The first layer of vapor barrier is glued to construction adhesive or tape. The material used is polyethylene. The joints must be sealed tightly with tape.
• Then a frame is constructed from wood or aluminum profiles for attaching insulation.
• Next, the insulation material is laid. If you use polystyrene foam, it is mounted in the frame and secured with special dowels with a wide plastic cap as shown in the photo below.

If your choice fell on mineral wool, then logs made of timber are installed on the ceiling, in increments of 5 cm less than the width of the insulation, so that the wool fits more tightly. The last step of the repair will be to install plywood sheets on top of the insulation on the joists for greater reliability.

Insulation in the apartment

Before carrying out repairs to insulate floors with your own hands, you need to calculate how high the floors can be raised. The higher, the thicker layers of insulation can be used.

• If work will take place indoors after renovation, then the first step is to dismantle the base.
• After removing all floor coverings, a thorough check of the supporting slab is carried out for cracks, chips, and holes. If any are found, they are sealed with cement mortar, or ready-made solution for repair. After hardening, it is recommended to treat the surface with sealing, a special strengthening impregnation.
• The next step is waterproofing. This layer consists of polyethylene or a special primer with water-repellent properties.
• A layer of roofing material is laid on top of the vapor barrier, timber is laid on it, and logs are placed on the timber. The entire structure is attached to a concrete base. Detailed description DIY lag devices on video

In order for the house to be cozy and comfortable to live in, you must first take care of its thermal insulation. Wherein Special attention should be given to the first floor, since it is closest to the ground base. If the house has poor thermal insulation, then all the heat will go into the ground.

To compensate for the loss of heat, it is necessary to increase heating, which leads to an increase in material costs for maintaining the house. Decide this problem Insulating the floor on the first floor will help.

Choosing a method for insulating the floor on the first floor

The choice of thermal insulation method depends primarily on the material from which the floor on the first floor is made. If the floor is wooden, then it makes sense to insulate it with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. A concrete floor can be insulated using expanded polystyrene, gypsum fiber board or fiberboard. If you want not only but also to improve your heating system at the same time, then it makes sense to install a heated floor system.

Floor insulation on the ground floor can be external or internal. When installing external thermal insulation, the floor is insulated not only with inside at home, but also from the basement. Carry out frequently internal thermal insulation impossible due to communications located in the basement. It is not recommended to attach foam plastic to the bottom of the slab, as this does not comply with the standards fire safety. You cannot use mineral insulation, as it will quickly deteriorate due to exposure to moisture. Very often the only way is to close winter period all ventilation openings. Please remember that if you live in apartment building, then all insulation actions must be legally agreed upon.

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Insulation of the floor on the first floor using mineral wool

Floor insulation with mineral wool is best suited for wooden floors in an apartment. This option is perfect if you are not satisfied with the quality of the flooring. The technology for insulating floors with mineral wool is quite simple.

The first step is to remove the existing boards (by numbering them in advance). After this, check the condition of the vapor barrier (if any) and the tightness of the base. All detected cracks are sealed using polyurethane foam. If the vapor barrier is in poor condition, it should be replaced. Next, mineral wool is laid between the joists, and floorboards are laid on top. When laying mineral wool slabs, you need to carefully monitor how tightly they adhere to the walls and joists. The denser they are laid, the better the insulation will be.

Floor insulation on the first floor can be done using polystyrene foam. Sheets of polystyrene foam can also be laid under a wooden floor. Insulation is carried out by analogy with laying mineral wool.

The difference is that the foam sheets should be laid with small gaps. After all the sheets are laid, you need to fill all the cracks with foam. This way the insulation will form one continuous layer.

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How to insulate a floor using fiberboard or plasterboard

First of all they remove flooring and, if necessary, level the concrete base. If there are cracks, all recesses should be filled with putty. When the concrete screed has completely dried, a layer of vapor barrier is laid. In this case, you need to make a small bend on the walls. Then lay the first layer of gypsum board sheets 12 mm thick and treat it with adhesive mastic. The second layer is laid on top so that the joints do not coincide. When the adhesive mastic is completely dry, the surface is primed and puttied. Next, lay the selected floor covering. To compensate for the expansion of the material after exposure to moisture or temperature changes, an edge strip is placed between the ends of the sheets and the wall. When insulating a floor using fiberboard, you must first remove the baseboards. Next, fiberboard is nailed to the floor, and the floor covering (carpet or linoleum) is glued on top. The glue finally dries only after a day.

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How to insulate the floor on the first floor with penoplex

(or penoplex) suitable for installation various coatings(linoleum, parquet, laminate, wooden board, ceramic tiles). To do this, clean the floor covering until concrete screed(you can only leave ceramic tiles) and lay a layer of vapor barrier on it. Next, foam sheets are laid. A layer should be laid on top of the sheets polyethylene film. Then you need to make a reinforcing screed from cement mortar. After it has completely dried, you can begin laying the flooring.

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Installation of heated floors

Warm floors can be of several types: water, electric, film and infrared. The most economical option is water system heating, as it does not require high costs for installation and maintenance. Electric heated floors are also easy to install, but they have two significant drawbacks:

• electromagnetic radiation negatively affects human health;
• Electric underfloor heating significantly increases energy consumption.

There are several ways to install water heated floors:

1. Concrete method, in which laying is done using a concrete screed.
2. Layering method, in which the finishing coating is laid on aluminum plates.
3. A wooden installation method in which pipes are laid directly on the subfloor or wooden joists.

Most often, the first installation method is used to insulate the floor on the first floor. To do this, first of all, divide the area into sectors (to compensate for the thermal expansion of the screed) and prepare necessary tools and materials:

1. Thermal insulation material.
2. Concrete (on the basis that the bottom (starting) layer will be 10 cm thick, and the top (finishing) layer will be 5 cm).
3. Metal-plastic seamless pipes with a diameter of 16 mm.
4. Fastening elements for pipes.

Often the floor in it is built directly on the ground. It's practical and inexpensive solution, but due to the fact that there is contact with cold ground, such a floor must be insulated to make it comfortable to use. Today we will tell you how to insulate a concrete floor on the first floor. Let's look at several options that can be used both at the construction stage and on the finished floor, which was not initially insulated.

In principle, you are free to use whatever your heart desires, focusing on your financial capabilities. Technically, it is possible to use any option. Below is a table with the most common materials used for these purposes.

Table. Review of popular insulation materials.

We have already mentioned. This material belongs to the category of lightweight concrete, of which there are many varieties.

This includes: foam concrete, aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete or wood concrete, etc. These solutions are also perfect for insulating floors.