Petunias: propagation by cuttings. How to feed a petunia for abundant flowering

Heat-loving petunia is a perennial plant, but if it is not provided comfortable conditions for wintering, it turns into an annual. It propagates by seeds and cuttings. The second method is much simpler - we will consider it.

How to propagate petunia cuttings in autumn

Propagating petunia from cuttings is easy and simple at any time of the year. The rules and methods of this process are the same. Some differences exist in the care of rooted cuttings. Let's touch in more detail autumn breeding flower.

Deadlines for autumn cuttings

Since the harvested cuttings cannot be stored for a long time, they are usually cut immediately before planting and rooting. For autumn breeding, this can be done in late August or September, depending on the region. The further south the growing area, the later this procedure can be carried out. If it is necessary to extend these periods, then cuttings can be harvested after the plants in the pots are transferred from the street to the room. Then you can slowly prepare and root a significant number of cuttings. This is exactly what professionals who grow petunias for commercial purposes do.

Harvesting and rooting cuttings

This process is absolutely simple and accessible to novice gardeners. It consists of the following steps:

1. Prepare suitable containers for planting. It can be plastic glasses, pots, containers filled with nutrient mixture. The latter can be used ready soil for flowers from the store. And also a good option is to root cuttings in peat tablets with a diameter of 40-70 mm.
2. Cuttings 4-10 cm long are cut from the bushes. In this case, you can use the tops along with the flowers.

   For propagation of petunias, cuttings 4-10 cm long are cut.

3. Trim the flowers (if any).
4. Cut off all the leaves, except for the top two or three.
5. The lower cut of the cutting is placed in a solution of a root former (Kornevin, Epin, Heteroauxin, etc.) for several minutes.
6. Stick the cutting into the soil to a shallow depth (up to 1/3 of the length). The distance between adjacent cuttings when planting in a common container should be 4-5 cm.

   When planting, the petunia stalk is buried in the soil by about 1/3 of the length.

7. Water the soil.
8. Cover containers polyethylene film to create a greenhouse effect.

   To create a greenhouse effect, you can place containers with cuttings in plastic bags

9. Greenhouses are opened daily for ventilation for 20-30 minutes.
10. After about 2 weeks, when the roots appear and 2-4 true leaves are formed, the plants are seated in individual containers.

It is not necessary for rooting to place the cuttings in the soil. It can be done quite successfully in ordinary water. Of course you shouldn't use tap water from the tap - chlorine is dissolved in it, which harms plants. Better to use drinking water from the store, rain or melt. Harvested cuttings (as described above), after treatment with a root former, are placed with their lower end in water. In this case, you need to ensure that the leaves remain on the surface. It is convenient to use a plastic container for this, in the lid of which holes for cuttings are cut.

For rooting petunia cuttings in water, it is convenient to use plastic containers, in the covers of which holes for cuttings are cut

After about three weeks, good roots form on the underwater parts of the cuttings. After that, the plants can (and should) be planted in separate containers with nutrient soil.

Video: petunia cuttings with rooting in water

Petunia propagation by cuttings is the most simple method, which is available to a novice gardener. It is used at any time of the year, but it is in the fall that a significant number of cuttings can be prepared and commercial batches of seedlings can be obtained by the beginning of the spring season.

Petunia is a perennial loving warmth. If it is not placed in comfortable conditions during the cold season, it turns into annual plant. Therefore, many beginner flower growers face many questions. For example, is it possible to grow this plant on a windowsill in a pot, how to save this bright flower in the house until spring or how to cut a petunia for the winter?

Features of reproduction of petunias

Petunia is propagated in two main ways: by seeds and cuttings. Growing from seeds is a laborious task, and often the seed does not germinate. And some varieties are not grown in this way under any circumstances, because it is impossible to get their seeds. It is much easier to get new plants by cuttings.

Advantages and disadvantages of cuttings

This is an easy way to propagate - even a beginner grower will have no problems using it:

• all the characteristics characteristic of this variety are preserved, including the color of the flowers;
• the plant blooms faster, it actively develops root system;
• this method can be used throughout the year;
• take root almost all planted cuttings;
• the same careful care of young sprouts is not required, which is necessary for seedlings;
• the most economical way to breed new plants - seeds or seedlings - will cost more.

There are no downsides to cuttings. The only thing to consider: the uterine samples, whose shoots will be used as cuttings, must be healthy, without signs of disease and pest damage. Otherwise, it will not work to propagate the flower - young sprouts, devoid of vitality risk not taking root.

Cuttings at home

If necessary, reproduction of petunias by cuttings at home is carried out year-round - in any season. This applies to cuttings of caliberhoa and ampelous varieties (surfinia). But most the right time for this breeding method, the period from February to May is considered (especially suitable for terry petunias). For cuttings, it is recommended to choose flowering mother plants, then lush bushes will grow from the branches.

Summer cuttings

cuttings of petunias summer period carried out in order to prolong flowering as long as possible - up to the first frost. In flowering individuals, cuttings are cut, always with 2 internodes. The length of the cut branches: 8-12 cm. They are cleaned from the lower leaves and flowers. Glasses, pots or small containers are pre-filled with nutrient soil. You can use universal soil for flowers.

If desired, a drainage layer is also used. Many flower growers consider the presence of drainage prerequisite when planting cuttings of petunias. But sometimes they do without it, and this does not affect the growth of the cutting in any way: the plant develops fully, takes root and looks healthy. Planting is carried out after processing the cut of the cutting with "Kornevin". But you can do without it. The stalk is not very deep (one third) planted in the ground, while the growth point should remain open. After planting, the soil is watered.

Plastic bags are put on the pots to create a greenhouse. And place the plants in partial shade. Once a day, bags from containers can be removed for 20 minutes to air the plant and avoid mold. Also check if the soil is sufficiently moist. If necessary, water the ground a little, spray the sprouts. Under such conditions, pots with young petunias are kept for about 2 weeks until the roots grow. Then the plants are planted in open ground.

cuttings in autumn

Some experts are of the opinion that cuttings of petunias in the fall are not necessary. But if there is a need, then it is better to do it in September. The procedure for planting cuttings is the same as in the summer.

Winter cuttings

Winter care for petunia in pots is reasonable watering, sufficient lighting and moderate temperature. The mother individual should be transplanted into a pot in the fall to keep it in the apartment in the winter. AT winter period it is contained at +16°C. You should not raise the temperature in the room, because then the petunia will need more light. In winter, watering is carried out in small quantities. In the cold season, the plant is fed with nitrogen fertilizer. Cuttings in winter are allowed if the petunia has a healthy appearance, has grown well, and there are a lot of leaves on its stems.

The process of propagation by cuttings includes the same steps as the cuttings of petunias in autumn and summer.

Propagation by cuttings in water

You can also cut a petunia in water, but this method is not used for terry petunias. Cuttings are prepared in the same way as for conventional cuttings. Branches are cut from 10 to 13 cm long, 5-8 leaves should remain on each of the cuttings. The lower leaves are removed. Cut branches are immediately placed in pre-prepared containers with boiled water room temperature. They will develop in a shady place. It is not recommended to take transparent glasses - they should be made of dark material.

Shanks create greenhouse conditions: bags are put on the cups or cut off plastic bottles. Over time, the water in the containers becomes less due to evaporation, so it is added a little. Small roots appear in 1.5-2 weeks. Usually they are allowed to develop a little more (about a week), after which they are planted in the soil. Optimal conditions are created for young sprouts: they are protected from drafts, temperature and humidity are controlled.

Cuttings in the ground

It is convenient to plant cuttings in the ground at any time of the year. To do this, they take small containers with earth. The actions during planting are the same as when grafting in summer, winter and autumn periods. For planting small cuttings, sometimes they do not use universal soil for flowers, but peat tablets. This accelerates the growth and flowering of young plants. After 3 weeks, petunia cuttings finally take root in the soil, so they are transferred to open ground. You should take care of enough space for the flower - he does not like cramped conditions.

If young sprouts are transplanted into pots, these containers should be spacious. You can not plant several bushes in one pot. If you are going to plant a petunia in one pot in combination with other flowers, then leave this idea. The more free space around the flower, the more magnificent it will grow. For lush growth, the bushes are advised to pinch. Approximately 2 months after harvesting and planting cuttings, young plants bloom. And in order to have time to plant flowering seedlings in open ground before the start of summer, branches for cuttings are cut in early spring.

Petunia is a capricious flower. But even with a little floricultural experience, it is easy to provide her suitable conditions, properly care for it and propagate it. The reward for the effort spent will be a beautiful and long flowering.

Growing petunia has become a beautiful tradition, and its long-awaited sowing with seeds in mid-February - sure sign opening of the summer season. Obtaining seedlings from seeds is a long process, and not always successful due to poor germination, and overhead due to high price in colorful bags. Petunia cuttings are fast way obtaining the required amount of planting material. Petunia cuttings are a reliable method to double or even triple the number of luxurious porch planters country house. Having mastered cuttings, you can save your favorite varieties of the last season and not be upset if you do not find their seeds on sale.

When to cut a petunia

When sowing petunia seeds in February, the first cuttings can be taken at the end of April.

Basically, at this time, cuttings of seedlings are carried out together with pinching of elongated shoots.

How to properly cut a petunia

Stems 7-10 cm long are suitable for cuttings. The top is pinched to stop further stretching and get a compact bush. Such stems should have 2 pairs of leaves (excluding the leaves at the very top - it is removed). Shorter cuttings, with one pair of leaves, will also fit. The less time passes from cutting the cutting to placing it in a greenhouse, the better the result will be.

Before cuttings, you need to prepare a greenhouse. I think the most suitable for growing cuttings: they have the whole range of nutrients, besides, they are sterile, so the appearance of rot on the cuttings is excluded. Before rooting, I soak peat pots in a stimulant solution, add it gradually, otherwise I will have to remove excess moisture from the tablets, which is not very convenient.

The lower cut of the cutting should be oblique, indented from the lower pair of leaves, and the upper cut should be straight above the upper pair of leaves. I stick the cut cuttings into the bottom pair of leaves and place them in plastic containers, close the lid. On the windowsill, the cuttings will be cold, and they will not be able to take root. Therefore, I put the containers in a warm place, under the lamps.

Rooting will occur in about a month, after which white roots will begin to appear, and new shoots will appear from the axils of the leaves. At this moment, I slightly open the lid of the container, and then completely remove it. I plant such cuttings immediately in a pot at the end of May, 3-5 pieces each, flowering occurs in late July - early August. Blooming cuttings replace petunia grown from seeds, in which flowering gradually subsides by mid-August.

How to cut seedlings of petunia (video)

Petunia cuttings in water

Petunia cuttings at home can also be done in water. This can be done at any time of the year, both with plants sown for seedlings and with queen cells. To do this, cuttings are cut, on which there should already be 3-4 pairs of leaves, 10-14 cm long and lowered into containers with water, pour only cooled boiled water. The lower leaves are cut off so that they do not rot in the water. The cuttings take root especially well in dark containers; for this, I use cut-off 0.7 l plastic dark bottles.

I put 3 cuttings in each container and place them under the lamps on the shelves. After about 2 weeks, the beginnings of roots will appear, after another 2 weeks I plant the plants in cups and pinch the tops to bush. The first two weeks after planting the cuttings in the ground, I keep them under lamps and away from open windows.

Petunia cuttings for the winter

After lush flowering by mid-August, the petunia begins a dormant period. As a rule, by this moment the plants have strongly elongated stems with rare flowers. At this time, it is convenient to cut fading plants to admire them in the new season.

The procedure for cuttings is similar to that for cuttings from seedlings. Fragments of stems are cut and rooted in or in water, buds and flowers must be removed from them. Each elongated stem is cut into several cuttings, leaving "stumps" in a pot no more than 5-7 cm.
For cuttings cut from petunias in autumn, it is important to provide quality conditions and make a greenhouse, because in autumn the plants are not very willing to take root. Such cuttings take root over the winter, and in the spring they actively begin to grow, begin to bloom earlier than those varieties that are grown from seeds.
If you place the pots in the greenhouse after cutting the cuttings from them, then in two weeks the formation of shoots and buds will begin. To cause re-blooming in petunias, the earth in a flower pot is mulched with humus and the bushes are fed.

If you need to save the queen cells until the next season, then after taking cuttings from them, the plants do not feed. To preserve petunia bushes, planters with the onset of stable cold weather are placed in a cellar or in a cool place, and humidity is monitored. At home, plants are placed away from batteries, occasionally moisten the ground. Usually, until February, the petunia in them looks lifeless, without leaves, but with the onset of spring, shoots appear from the axils of the stems, as they grow, cuttings can be carried out.

Terry petunia cuttings

Each group of petunia has its own characteristics of cuttings. Cuttings of terry varieties are possible only at the end of the season, when the shoots grow long enough to be able to cut the cuttings. In the seedling version, the terry petunia is not stretched so that the stems can be shortened for cuttings. The cutting method in water is also unsuitable for terry varieties.

Cuttings of ampelous petunias

Ampel petunia is universal in terms of cuttings, it can be carried out all season, starting two months after germination. Such vegetative petunia cuttings can be done every two weeks if shoot growth is good. The method allows, as they say, "kill two birds with one stone": and the plants rejuvenate, which contributes to continuous flowering and appears right amount planting material.

Another way breeding petunias - cuttings. Sometimes you need to save a variety or a plant you really like. This is especially true for terry or large-flowered petunias. F1 hybrids do not produce seeds, and if they succeed in obtaining seeds, then with further reproduction, the plants acquire the qualities of their predecessors.

Petunia at home perennial, and if it is provided with proper maintenance in winter, then in spring it actively begins to grow and, having cut cuttings from an overwintered plant, it is easy to propagate it ...

In addition to the fact that petunia will retain all the properties of the mother plant, it will begin to develop faster, grow the root system more quickly and, accordingly, bloom 2-3 weeks earlier than petunia grown from seeds.

First of all, we need to save the mother plant in winter. If your petunia grows in open field, it needs to be transplanted into a pot or container. And here it is very important role play the timing of the transplant. Maximum term when it can be transplanted is the middle of August, but the petunia transplanted in the fall will most likely not survive the winter.

I transplant terry petunias in early August so that the plant still has time to take root well, they tolerate transplanting quite simply, it is advisable to dig it up with a large clod of earth.

As for the varieties of ampelous petunias, I plant them in separate pots in the spring and bring them into the house with the onset of cold weather. You can also transplant them in the middle of summer, but I noticed that non-transplanted ampel varieties are better preserved.
If you don’t want to touch the plant in the flowerbed in the summer, you can cut cuttings from it in late June or early August, root them and save the already rooted petunia for the winter. According to my observations, such plants tolerate winter more easily in an apartment.
Petunias root easily. With flowering plant I cut cuttings with two internodes, cut the leaves. It is better to use not the apical parts of the shoots, but the lateral basal offspring 7-9 cm long. I make the lower cut of the cutting at the very internode, dip it in the root, plant it in cups and put it in the shade. The main thing is to carefully monitor that the soil does not dry out. Roots appear after 7-10 days. Rooted cuttings are transplanted into pots with a diameter of 12-15 cm, in which they will winter. Plants must be fed with complex fertilizer.

Starting from August, in no case can not be used nitrogen fertilizers, only potassium and phosphorus. After all, we need to prepare the plant for winter maintenance in a cool room.

I bring plants into the house when autumn colds come. Before that, I cut moderately, just so that they spend less energy to survive. The desired temperature for wintering petunias is 11-15 degrees. At this temperature, you can not use the backlight. The lower the temperature in the room where the plants are stored, the less light they need. I don’t have such a temperature in my house in winter, so I put petunias on the lightest window sill and when it gets dark I use the backlight, bringing daylight hours to 11-12 hours a day. I don't water often, I just make sure the soil doesn't dry out. As soon as the petunia begins to lower the leaves, then I water it. Once a month I feed with potassium and phosphate fertilizers, but I dilute them by half of the dose recommended on the package.

There is no need to be afraid that petunias look pale and unhappy in winter. By spring, they will begin to actively grow.

From the end of January, I start feeding petunias with fertilizers containing nitrogen. Illumination from now on I pay more attention, because in underexposed plants, sprouts are drawn out and, subsequently, they take root worse.

Advice: depending on which region you live in, when calculating the start time of cuttings, keep in mind that plants propagated vegetatively develop faster than when propagated by seeds. Assume that approximately two months will pass from the time of cutting the cuttings to the beginning of flowering. In just 10-15 days, the cutting will take root. As soon as you transplant it, it will actively begin to build up the root system, which is very important for petunias, and then it will grow rapidly. For example, with March cuttings, it can bloom as early as early May.

I live in central Ukraine and usually start cuttings in March. I cut cuttings with 4-5 leaves. I remove the leaves, leaving only the top two, I cut them in half so that moisture evaporates less. I process with "Kornevin" - a root formation stimulator.
The soil for rooting cuttings is the same as for sowing. You can take a little more sand.
I must disinfect the entire substrate by spilling a fungicide, I use Fitosporin-M. Please note that the same soil mixture for cuttings cannot be used twice, and this applies not only to petunias.
When planting in the substrate, it is not necessary to bury the cuttings, a maximum of 1.5 cm above the node.
I plant each cutting in a separate cup. Then new plants are easier to transplant, and if a plant gets sick with a "black leg", it will not infect the rest. I put the glasses in a deep pan and cover with glass.
As cuttings, you can use transparent plastic food boxes with lids. It is imperative to make holes in them for water drainage, pour drainage on the bottom, fill it with a substrate to half and plant the cuttings at an angle of 45 degrees at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other. Close the container and place in a bright place at a temperature of 23-25 ​​degrees. It is necessary to illuminate the cuttings up to 16 hours a day. Almost all cuttings take root.

Important: cuttings must be planted no later than an hour after they were cut, otherwise they may not take root.
Cuttings from the mother plant can be cut several times as they grow, constantly feeding the plant with complex fertilizers.

I air greenhouses with cuttings every day, remove moisture from the glass and sprinkle the soil so that it does not dry out. Overflow cannot be allowed. If a "black leg" suddenly appears, I remove the diseased cuttings, water the remaining ones with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and slightly open the container. Watering is reduced to a minimum.
Roots appear on about 6-9 days. I transplant rooted plants into large containers, when I see through the transparent walls of the cups that the roots begin to fill the substrate, and from plastic cuttings about 7-10 days after the roots appear.
The first two to three weeks after the appearance of petunia roots, they build up the root system. At this stage, you can not keep the plants in containers for a long time, where they are cramped, otherwise they may slow down in development.
When 4-6 leaves appear on the plant, I make the first pinch for better bushiness.
I repeat the pinching in two weeks.
Starting from mid-May, I plant petunias in containers and hanging baskets in a permanent place.

There are two ways to propagate petunias - seeds and cuttings. Petunia cuttings are mainly used for very rare and double varieties, as well as for breeding hybrids that do not produce seeds after flowering. Moreover, this method is considered the simplest, and the survival rate of cuttings is very high.

Features of propagation by cuttings

Propagation of petunias by cuttings is a fairly simple process. To carry it out, the upper shoots with several leaves are cut off, and then they go deep into the soil by a third of the length. It is possible to place prepared cuttings in boxes quite tightly, cover them with glass or a bag on top and leave them in a well-lit, warm room.

The soil for cuttings should be exactly the same as for sowing seeds. Be sure to use perlite or sand as the top layer. You can also leave petunia cuttings in water with the addition of special means for rooting. They take root quite well under certain conditions:

• the soil must be sufficiently moist;
• when mold appears, watering should be reduced;
• boxes need to be ventilated periodically;
• for several days the cuttings are moistened with a spray bottle.

In order for the plant to begin to grow well, it is necessary to immediately place the cut cuttings in the soil, since even after a few hours the effectiveness of rooting decreases. Roots appear in about a week. To make the plants more lush, you need to pinch the top of the plant for re-cutting.

The main advantages of cuttings

Reproduction of petunias by cuttings at home has a lot various benefits, unlike seeds, which do not always germinate well. Terry varieties of petunias take root best of all. They look great in floor vases, drawers or hanging planters. Among the main advantages of independent cuttings, the following should be highlighted:

• obtaining high-quality planting material;
• ability to reproduce various varieties colors;
• saving.

Ready planting material quite expensive, which is why, with independent cuttings, you can additionally save money.

When is the best time to cut

Petunia propagation by cuttings is best done in spring time. However, you can do it at any other time of the year. In the spring for young plants, you can create the most Better conditions for building lush foliage and tying many buds. In the rest of the year, it will be necessary to additionally create certain conditions for growing seedlings.

To carry out cuttings in the spring, it is necessary to think over the issue of wintering the plant even in the summer. To do this, in August, they dig up a petunia bush along with the ground and transplant it into a pot. Then the plant must be left on fresh air until cold. In autumn, the plant is transferred to a cool room, where the bush should receive enough light. Watering should be carried out as the soil dries.

In early spring, cuttings can be immediately carried out. The plant blooms literally 2 months after planting the cuttings.

Carrying out cuttings in the summer

Petunia is a perennial plant that, when created optimal conditions can grow all year round. Reproduction of petunias by cuttings can be carried out in various ways:

• by using seedlings;
• with the help of last year's plant;
• by growing cuttings in water.

Cuttings by using seedlings are quite simple. To do this, you need to cut off the cutting, the length of which should be approximately 10 cm. Then the cutting is planted in a flower pot, previously in moistened soil, the humidity must be maintained constantly. As soon as the shoot gets stronger, you can plant it in a flower bed. Reproduction using last year's plant is carried out in exactly the same way.

Cutting a petunia with water means that water should be used instead of soil. This breeding method has its own specific features:

• the stalk must be placed in water in a transparent bowl;
• when water evaporates, add the required amount of liquid;
• can create a certain greenhouse effect.

To propagate a flower in water, you need to separate the prepared cutting from the lower leaves, fluff the base of the plant a little, and put it in water. However, some flower growers do not do this, as they are sure that the cutting itself will take root.

cuttings in winter

Propagation of petunias by cuttings can also be carried out in winter, however, for this it is necessary to provide the plant with a sufficient amount of light and heat. It is best to place the plant indoors at a temperature of about 16 degrees, where there is enough natural light. While indoors in winter, the plant must be periodically illuminated with a lamp.

In severe frosts or during fertilization, you need to highlight the plant 10 hours a day. When enough greenery appears, you can immediately begin to propagate plants. The breeding method of petunias is exactly the same as in summer. A third of the length of the prepared cutting must be placed in the soil. For several weeks, it is necessary to provide greenhouse conditions for the cutting. However, it is necessary to periodically carry out airing to prevent the formation of mold. It is imperative to monitor soil moisture and water daily.

How to properly cut cuttings

You need to know not only how to grow a petunia from a cutting, but also how to cut it correctly. For reproduction, it is important to choose not only the apical shoots, but the lower branches or the root part. The cutting should have 3-4 internodes. All leaves, except for the top ones, are removed, and the remaining leaves are cut in half. This is very important for creating a powerful rhizome.

Most often, reproduction is carried out when growing cuttings in the soil, since this is the most practical way, which reduces the likelihood of fungal diseases in young plants. Therefore, it is used most often.

Under what conditions is cutting carried out

Reproduction by cuttings of a flower can be carried out all year round when creating favorable conditions and providing additional lighting. Ampelous petunia cuttings are best separated from February to summer. As cuttings, you can use last year's and young plants grown from seeds. If last year's plants are used, then decorative bushes with bright and large flowers are needed.

If the air temperature is higher, then you need to provide additional lighting for bushes, as well as increase the frequency of watering. In this case, you can grow a strong plant that will give abundant flowering.

Planting and caring for plants

When carrying out the propagation of flowers, it is important to choose the right soil, to carry out all preparatory work and also, you need to know how to root a petunia cutting. Seedlings require nutritious, loose soil, which is pre-watered with fertilizer and a pest and fungus killer. The cutting goes deep into the ground by one internode and is covered with a transparent film. Every day you need to ventilate the greenhouse, removing excess moisture, and also spray the soil. Fertilization is required regularly.

Literally after 2 weeks, the first roots appear, and the cutting begins to grow actively. Literally after 2 months, they turn into small bushes that can be pinched for subsequent reproduction.

How to pinch and fertilize a petunia

Many people want to know how to feed a petunia for abundant flowering when to fertilize. Since the root system of flowers is quite well developed, it requires a large amount of soil. To ensure abundant flowering of the plant, you need to pinch the petunia as soon as the sprouts become stronger and adapt in open soil.

It is important to know how to feed a petunia for abundant flowering, how to choose the right drugs. Many flower growers choose liquid fertilizers. For this, solutions with a high concentration can be used. nutrients. Before use liquid agent it is recommended to dilute it with water. Often used fertilizers such as:

• "Uniflor";
• "Ideal";
• Agricola.

The choice of drug depends largely on desired result. In addition, there are various dry mixes, presented in the form of powder or special granules. Before using such a drug, you also need to dilute it with water according to the attached instructions. The most commonly used tools are:

• "Master";
• "Plantafol";
• Kemira Lux.

In addition, there are fertilizers that are applied only once a season. Among these, superphosphates should be distinguished. Under the influence of water during irrigation, the soil is gradually filled useful substances. Granules for top dressing are added directly to the soil just before planting.