The rate of heating hot water in residential buildings. DHW temperature: SanPiN requirements and standards

The norms for hot water supply, cold water supply, the norms for the temperature of the supplied water, as well as the sanitary norms for hot water supply are painted. The allowable ranges of water temperature and the amount of water per person per day are given.

Consumers at the cold water supply should receive only clean and potable water. The requirements for hot water supply at the tap differ from the requirements for cold water supply in that they are aimed only at maintaining the temperature regime, and not at the quality of the water.

Hot water standards

1. The heating network of the central hot water supply, which has a water intake, is obliged to supply water to the consumer at a temperature of 60 degrees and not a degree less;


2. When heating water in the central hot water supply system using a water heater, its temperature should not be less than fifty degrees;
(See also: )

3. By local hot water supply systems, hot water must have a temperature above sixty degrees at the outlet;


4. When supplying water to comprehensive schools, orphanage, preschool institutions, as well as some medical institutions and social welfare institutions, there are restrictions and water should not exceed a temperature of 37 degrees;


5. Temperature when serving hot water should not exceed 75 degrees.

Sanitary standards for hot water consumption

The standards for hot water supply are clearly spelled out in the sanitary standards for hot water supply; when calculated per person, it is from 85 to 100 liters per day. Hot water supply has clear requirements that apply to hot water (domestic and industrial purposes). Sanitary norms for hot water supply provide for the rules for draining water into the sewer. When designing a similar system, detailed information on this topic can be found in the GOST of hot water supply. (See also: )

Notes:

1. Regulatory consumption utilities, established and complies with the quality requirements of these services, which are provided for by the legislative regulatory legal act.


2. To determine the standard for the consumption of utilities, the number of storeys, depreciation of in-house engineering equipment, and the type of heat supply systems are taken into account.


3. A utility service that aims to secure property in apartment building, accounting is kept when setting the standard for the consumption of utility services.
(See also: )

4. The rate of consumption of utilities applies to hostels.

Important! To calculate the hot water consumption rate, you need to know how much hot water is consumed by one person during the hour of greatest water consumption. Residential buildings consume - 7.9; 10 and 10.9 l/person-h.
Dormitories with shared showers - 6.3 l/person-hour, if there are canteens and laundries in addition - 6.5 l/person-hour.
Hotels spend - 8.2; 16 and 12 l/person-hour.

The rate of water consumption per person, if available regular bath or soul is 105 and 120 liters per day. In high-rise buildings with 12 or more floors, the norm is 115 and 130 liters per day. (See also: )
In dormitories where shared showers are installed, as well as canteens and laundries - 80 liters per day. Hotels, motels and boarding houses with installation shared baths, as well as in the presence of showers, the water consumption is 70 liters per day, and with installed bathtubs in all rooms - 200 liters per day (with showers in all rooms - 140 liters per day).

The temperature standards for hot water supply directly depend on what type of hot water supply system is used.
Local centralized systems, are connected to open heating systems, with such a water supply system, the temperature should be 60 ° C, and systems, closed view, should give out water 55 ° C.

To determine the heating surfaces of water heaters in the nomogram, the coefficient was reduced to 0.75. It allows you to take into account heat losses in networks, and also controls the level of scale that is deposited on the walls of brass tubes, which are the heat transfer surface.

Selection should be made based on set flow hot water supply systems.

Cold water consumption standard

• The standards for hot and cold water supply are set in accordance with the requirement for the quality of utilities, which are provided for by law.


• To determine the standard for the consumption of cold water, the number of floors in the house, the degree of wear of the building engineering equipment, and the type of heat supply systems used are taken into account.


• Cold water supply, designed to provide common household property of an apartment building.


• Closed heat supply system, in addition to the indicated water consumption in the provision of cold water utility services, when calculating the amount of payment for hot water supply, the volume of cold water that is needed when preparing hot water is also taken into account, the amount of which is agreed in Annex No. 2 of this order.


• The same standard for the consumption of utility services of cold water is calculated for hostels.

Hot water temperature standards

Processes using hot water require different temperature conditions. The woodworking industry uses 35-40 degree water to soak wood. Water at a temperature of 50 ° C is necessary when recycling water supply in the manufacture of capacitor paper. A temperature of 60°C is required for pulp washing.

At a temperature of 220-240 degrees, fiberboards are produced. Textile and food industry use water with a temperature of 60-65°C. In galvanic processes, water is used at 80-90 °C, and the preliminary washing of the metal should be carried out at 70-90 °C.

Advice! Analyzing these examples, it is clear that the standard for the consumption of hot water for sanitary needs, as well as industrial needs, can be provided with one hot water supply system that will heat drinking water up to 50-65°C in an autonomous heat source.

Today there are many branches of production, the technology of which requires the use of technical water different quality and temperature, including drinking water at elevated temperature. Such businesses usually create different systems hot water supply to supply water of various qualities and temperatures.

The principle of calculating hot water pipelines

The calculation of the supply pipeline for hot water systems is made by selecting pipelines of such a diameter that the supply pressure is used to the maximum to ensure the supply of the required amount of hot water to provide remote and high-lying points of water intake.

The use of materials is allowed only if there is an indexed link to the page with the material.

For comfortable living in an apartment or a private house, a person needs water in plumbing networks with certain temperature limits. This makes it possible to satisfy all generally accepted sanitary norms for personal hygiene procedures and for sanitary needs. The temperature of the water in the tap depends on the type of water supply and climatic factors. There are several types of technical solutions that allow you to withstand the recommended temperature parameters in water intake systems.

The temperature of the water in the tap depends on climatic conditions, the depth of the water supply system, the place of water intake, and so on.

Accepted norms

A modern home provides a supply of cold and hot water to meet all needs. The temperature of cold water in the tap has regulations and can vary between 5-15 ° C. The temperature limit values ​​depend on factors such as:

• climatic conditions;
• depth of water supply systems;
• temperature in the technical underground (basement communications networks);
• place of water intake water networks(rivers, canals, reservoirs, underground sources).

To check the water temperature, use special device which can be attached to a faucet.

The temperature of cold water rises in the warm season and decreases in the cold. This statement is valid for typical schemes of water supply by a water utility, when it is withdrawn from canal systems and reservoirs. Since the water surface warms up in summer, the amount of heat in the water masses changes accordingly. In the case of water supply from underground sources temperature regime remains practically constant throughout the year, due to the invariability of temperature in underground water layers.

The amount of heat in water from cold water supply networks does not crucial to create comfortable conditions in the sanitary sector. Any housing involves a parallel supply of hot water, and by mixing the necessary warmth is achieved.

Sanitary standards regulate the temperature of hot water in centralized networks hot water supply within 60-75°С. A deviation is allowed at night from 00.00 to 5.00 - by 5 ° С and from 5.00 to 00.00 - by 3 ° С. These norms are substantiated on the maintenance of the specified values ​​by boiler houses or central heating points (CHP). The calculated figures are based on the features of boiler rooms and heat exchangers of the CHP and allow us to comply with the standards of microbiological indicators in DHW pipes. Drinking water is supplied only through cold water networks.

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Disadvantages of DHW

In practice, the described temperature standards are not always maintained. This is due to a significant rise in price. natural resources(gas, coal, fuel oil), which are used as fuel in boiler houses. Old-style boiler houses were calculated for the supply of heat and hot water for hundreds apartment buildings. Boilers have low efficiency, heating mains become unusable. Modern savings standards require switching to the creation of mini-boiler houses.

One of the aspects of unsatisfactory hot water supply is the uneven temperature regime. That is, the water in the tap does not become hot immediately, its temperature rises as it passes through the system. This is due to the facts of the dismantling of circulating plumbing systems in apartment buildings, due to their falling into disrepair and due to heat savings by heat generating companies.

Such moments lead to the selection of an increased volume of water, which, when high price for the supplied hot water is impractical. Utilities DHW networks use a specially prepared water reserve, to which various emollients are added. It cannot be used as drinking water.

The consumer prefers such conditions for the supply of hot water, under which hot water from the tap should be available all year round. Because of current repairs and frequent emergencies it is almost impossible to achieve these conditions.

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Offline sources

The availability of tap water at the required temperature involves the use of various offline devices designed to warm up and maintain the desired heat values.

There are several options for autonomous preparation of hot water:

• usage electric water heaters accumulative type(boilers);
• usage combined boilers having a piping with a heating boiler;
• the use of electric flow heaters;
• the use of gas instantaneous water heaters;
• the use of double-circuit boilers (for heating and hot water);
• usage alternative sources for heating ( Solar cells, heat pumps).

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Boiler systems

The installation of electric water heaters, as a solution to the problem of non-compliance with temperature standards, is the most popular method for creating an autonomous hot water supply. The advantages of this equipment is that it can be installed in almost any housing stock. Boilers are not required electrical networks increased conductivity and power, allow connection to the wiring of USSR standards. At the same time, they completely solve the problem of insufficient water temperature of the communal hot water supply. These devices work as an accumulator, that is, a certain volume of water is heated to the desired temperature within the required time using a heating element.

During water intake, cold water masses entering the boiler squeeze out already heated ones, the supply process lasts until the temperature drops. Then it takes time to heat the incoming water volume again. As a rule, for 2-3 people it is enough to operate a boiler with a volume of 80-120 liters. A thermostatic mixing valve can be installed at the water intake point to maintain the exact temperature.

The described boilers are produced and combined type. A coil is mounted inside their body, through which the heat carrier of the heating boiler circulates. Double heating occurs both with the help of a heating element and with the help of heat extraction from the heating system. Such devices for hot water supply are used in private houses with gas single-circuit boilers as an alternative to gas flow heaters.

Advantages:

• low power consumption;
• possibility of installation in any premises.

Disadvantages:

• inertness (relatively long heating time of the entire volume);
• the impossibility of continuous use (limited by the capacity of the boiler).

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Flow electrical analogues

Flow lifting devices DHW temperature allow you to get a continuous and hot water flow. But there are serious limitations. This equipment cannot be installed in an ordinary housing stock, since full-fledged and productive devices have a power of about 20 kW and require a three-phase connection. Single-phase heaters with a power of 3-5 kW have poor performance and can provide heating within ∆t = 25-30°C, which will not create comfortable warmth when heating a cold stream with a temperature of 3-5°C. Powerful heating devices are recommended for houses, cottages, mini-hotels, electrical wiring which are designed for these capacities.

Advantages:

• creation of a continuous hot stream (with appropriate power);
• compactness.

Disadvantages:

• requires a three-phase connection to the network and wiring of the required section for the specified power of the device.

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Gas devices

Gas flow equipment (columns) allows you to get the temperature of the hot water supply in almost any range and in any quantity, due to heating gas burner water flow passing through a copper heat exchanger. Power geysers is 15-25 kW.

A limitation for use may be residential buildings that are not equipped with chimneys for such equipment. Still old housing stock fitted with gas heaters. These devices with modern technical solutions can very accurately control the set temperature, regardless of the speed of the water flow. This technology is carried out by means of flame modulation (changes in its intensity, depending on the flow).

When drawing up a project and its approval by the relevant services, it is possible to install gas heaters in apartment buildings. In this case, devices with closed type burner, providing isolation of the combustion chamber from the room. Air intake and exhaust flue gases carried out forcibly, through a separately made chimney hole.

Advantages:

• high temperature heating delta;
• streaming mode of operation;
• relative accuracy of the temperature at the outlet of the device.

Disadvantages:

• requires natural gas;
• required technical conditions for installation and operation;
• installation in bathrooms is prohibited.

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Double-circuit heating boiler

In private housing construction and apartment buildings designed for operation autonomous sources heating, double-circuit mounted boilers. Hot water is produced in a secondary heat exchanger, in which heat is transferred from the heating system fluid to the flow tap water. As a result, water with the required temperature is formed at the outlet. The technical conditions for the operation of such devices correspond to the conditions for the use of flow-type gas heaters.

Advantages:

• temperature accuracy;
• streaming mode.

Disadvantages:

• Availability specifications for installation;
• the heating delta is lower than that of the columns;
• inertia at work;
• rare cases of the possibility of installation in modern apartment buildings.

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Alternative sources

There are methods of heating water using solar energy and heat pumps. The first method involves the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy using special tower and mirror installations. Currently, it is not distributed in the CIS countries.

The second method involves the use of heat pumps operating on the principle refrigeration machine. Heat is taken from the air and transferred in special heat exchangers to the DHW circuit. This method is cost-effective, but has limitations:

• can not be used at sub-zero temperatures;
• the temperature of the water in the DHW system is not more than 50 ° C.

Separately, it is required to say about cavitation water heating systems. The essence of their work is based on the passage of a liquid flow through a vortex cavitator, as a result of which it is heated. This method distinguishes efficiency, in comparison with traditional thermal heating of liquid. Empirically, it has been proved that different amounts of energy are expended to heat a certain ∆t of the same volume of water by the cavitation method and by the classical thermal method. In the first option, 1 kW is spent to rotate the cavitator, and in the second option, 1.7 kW is spent to operate the heating elements.

To date, the method has received little distribution, since it is not without a number of disadvantages, such as:

• limited heating temperature;
• noise of the engine and cavitator;
• a small number of special equipment is produced.

The public services provided to consumers must be of high quality. Their proper implementation ensures the normal life and safety of consumers. This also applies to the supply of the population. hot water(DHW). Water supplied to apartments and houses must meet the requirements of standards for its composition, color, smell, temperature.

What should be the temperature of the hot water supply according to the norms of SanPiN we will tell in this article.

What are the standards set in SanPiN? Photo No. 1

This mysterious abbreviation stands for quite simply. It's about health and safety standards. These regulations are mandatory for all, designed to ensure the safety (harmlessness) of the resources supplied to the end user.

The requirements concern various areas human activities and should create a favorable environment for his life.

The legislation establishes standards for the quality of water, air, various goods, the work of enterprises, educational institutions, medical institutions. These rules are adopted by acts of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the country. For violation of the established regulations, certain sanctions are applied.

Where are they applied?

Where are hot water standards applied? Photo #2

Hygienic , sanitary standards have a wide range of uses. They operate in trade, education, medicine, public services. Adopted their own rules in the field of hot water supply to consumers (SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09). They relate to the quality of the supplied water, its temperature regime, the operation of centralized hot water systems.

The water supplied to consumers should be distinguished by a harmless composition, the absence of infections, harmful bacteria. In addition, when it is supplied, the level of contamination and chlorination must be ensured.

The requirements established by this standard must be observed by all, without exception, organizations, entrepreneurs, institutions and bodies related to hot water supply. They extend their action to DHW systems of various types.

About the requirements for the STsGV

What are the requirements for the SCHW? Photo #3

The requirements stipulated by SaiPiNs relate not only to the quality of the water itself, but also to the systems of their supply in general. Purification, water supply should be carried out by specialized organizations using safe, proven materials, equipment, and chemical active substances.

When designing the STSGW, the type of system is selected based on the indicators of the initially supplied water.

There are three types of systems:

• attached to closed systems heat supply;
• to open systems heat supply;
• STsGV with separate networks.

The STSH should also take into account the standards established for the safety and normal functioning of the system. During their operation, the required water temperature must be observed. In places for water intake, it should not fall below + 60 ° Celsius.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the quality of the water supplied, including preventive measures. Domestic hot water systems must be washed and disinfected. Interruptions in the supply of water in such cases should not exceed fourteen days.

DHW quality and temperature requirements

What quality and what temperature should be served in residential apartments hot water? Photo number 4

The provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09 called " Hygiene requirements to ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems" say the following. The tap water must be supplied to the consumer, which has passed all degrees of purification and meets all the requirements and rules of safety and hygiene. These standards are designed to ensure its harmless composition, normal color and smell.

Hot must come at a certain temperature in order to avoid the development of various infections and bacteria. According to SanPiN, incoming water cannot be colder than sixty degrees and hotter than seventy-five degrees. No dangerous untested substances can be used in water treatment. Its quality should allow avoiding infection, as well as skin problems.

Recalculation in case of temperature non-compliance with standards

Despite the existence of standards that establish the required water temperature, their violation is sometimes omitted. If the water does not meet the norm provided for its temperature, do not leave it unattended. All housing and communal services must be of high quality and meet the established requirements. Their violation entails certain consequences.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the legislator provides for the possibility of minimal deviations from the norm that do not entail negative consequences. Tolerances depending on the day can be from three to five degrees. If a greater difference is found, the consumer has the right to demand the elimination of violations.

In addition, it is possible to recalculate the payment for the entire time that the water does not comply with the prescribed temperature regime. if the temperature was below the norm, then it is worth paying for hot water at tariffs for cold water. According to the existing recalculation formula, the amount of payment is reduced by 0.1 percent for every three degrees of deviation from the norm.

Features of measurements

How to measure hot water for compliance with quality and temperature? Photo number 5

To say that the temperature of the DHW does not correspond to the norm is unfoundedly meaningless. This fact must be established with the help of special measurements. They must be produced by specialists using certain methods and equipment. These measurements are made in several places of water intake.

In this case, after opening the tap, several minutes should pass. taking measurements immediately is not recommended.

Calling a specialist is carried out at the request of residents (owners) of apartments (houses). Based on the results of the inspection, an act of violation should be drawn up. temperature norm. On its basis, it will be possible to demand elimination and recalculation.

Why is the water temperature required?

The standard for permissible DHW temperature limits is set for a reason. Its lower limit allows you to rid the water supplied to consumers from various infections and harmful bacteria. With more low temperatures they can develop and multiply, causing harm to humans.

Too much heat water can cause a burn hazard. Therefore, experts have established optimum temperature that meets all of the above requirements.

findings

Hot water supplied to consumers must comply with established standards. This is not only comfort, but also safety for human health and life. In the event of violations of its temperature regime, it is necessary to notify the housing and communal services workers. The deviations determined with the help of measurements will serve as the basis for eliminating violations and recalculating the payment for hot water supply.

You can find out about the plans of Rospotrebnadzor to reduce the temperature of hot water by watching the video:

According to the rules of SanPiN (2.1.4.2496-09) for an apartment, the temperature of hot water in an apartment building from a tap is within the range of 60 ° C-75 ° C, regardless of the heat supply system. Decree (No. 354-PP RF) allows deviation:

• at night - within 5°C (0.00-5.00),
• during the day - within 3°C (5.00-00.00).

The temperature of the water in the batteries determines the temperature norm for the premises, which is -18 ° C for the living room, kitchen and separate toilet, corner room– 20°С, bathroom – 25°С. In the daytime, downward deviation in the residential premises is not allowed, at night - within 3 ° C, and upward - limited to 4 ° С. At the same time, if the temperature regime is not observed, the consumer has the right to expect a reduction in the amount of payment. However, for this it is necessary to correctly measure and take into account a number of legally stipulated requirements.
Legal Requirements

The lower temperature limit for hot water supply, according to SanPiN, is due to:

• prevention of infection with viruses and bacteria (in particular Legionella Pneumophila), which in an environment with
• minimizing the content of chloroform,
• prevention of skin diseases and pathological changes in the subcutaneous tissue.

If the temperature deviates more than the allowable limit, for every 3°C the amount of payment during the period of violations is reduced every hour by 0.1%. This time is calculated by the amount of time during the billing period. If temperature measurements show a value below 40°С, payment for hot water is made at cold water tariffs.

A possible break in DHW, after which the fee for each hour will be reduced by 0.15%, is:

• per month - 8 hours in total,
• at the same time - 4 hours,
• on a dead end highway in case of an accident - 24 hours.

For heating, for each hour of deviation from the norm and exceeding the allowable break, the payment is reduced by 0.15%, and the allowable break itself is:

• per month - 24 hours in total,
• at a time - depending on the temperature of residential premises: 4 hours (8-10°C), 8 hours (10-12°C) and 16 hours (from +12°C).

Detection of violation of the established temperature regime

To correctly determine compliance with the regulatory parameters at the point of draw-off (for example, from a tap), the cooled water is drained from the pipeline for 3 minutes (no more). It is assumed that the control measurement is made into a glass, where a thermometer with a scale of at least 100 ° C is then lowered. The presence of water-saving devices similar to modernized aerators (http://water-save.com/) does not affect the quality of the measurement.

Heating quality control is carried out:

• in the largest living room,
• at a height of a meter and at a distance of half a meter from the battery,
• in the center of planes that are half a meter away from the outer wall, and in the center of the room.

Owner's rights in case of deviation from the temperature range

For multi-apartment and residential buildings, the Rules governing the provision of public services in paragraph 31 determine that the maintenance company must carry out maintenance of engineering systems and recalculation for improper or untimely provision of services. That is, in the event of a violation of the temperature regime, the owners do not have to pay for the elimination of the causes of this violation.

If the state of heating or hot water differs from that in apartments in residential buildings beyond the agreed tolerances and represents a systemic problem, the consumer can:

1. Notify the service organization about the problem and find out about its causes. At the same time, it is advisable to record the appeal and the data of the executor receiving the information.
2. In the absence of measures taken, apply to government agencies in order to initiate an audit (according to Article 33 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). For violations of utility standards, a fine is provided (Article 7.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses).
3. Fix the deadlines for receiving a response and eliminating the violation. Within 30 days, the official must send a response to citizens' appeals. (In the case of sending an appeal by mail, you must add the forwarding time). Lack of an answer threatens the official with a fine (Article 5.59 of the Code of Administrative Offenses). The terms for eliminating violations are not the same for different houses, however, on average, they are 45 days.
4. Increase the flow of similar requests to increase the likelihood of execution. Relatives or friends can write, even if they do not live in the house.
5. Contact the prosecutor's office if there are no actions aimed at correcting the situation on the part of authorized persons.

If the correction process is launched, then a commission (an employee of the REU and a representative of the heating network) should come to the consumer after the appeal to confirm the fact-reason for the appeal and draw up an appropriate act. After the problems are fixed, another act is drawn up confirming this.

Once hot water was a real luxury, today we cannot imagine life without it. According to the level of need, it can be put on a par with thirst and hunger.

In spring, the temperature of hot water can be lowered by 10 degrees. Proposal to change the norms of sanitary and epidemiological rules (SanPiN) Rospotrebnadzor. And what standards for the temperature of cold and hot water are set today and where to go if they are not observed - read the material on the site.

Water temperature

According to the norms enshrined in SanPiN, the temperature of cold water should be below 20 degrees, and hot - from 60 to 75 degrees. However, slight deviations are possible.

From midnight to five in the morning, the permissible deviation is no more than five degrees. In the daytime, from 5:00 to 0:00, the deviation should not exceed three degrees.

The current sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations oblige to heat tap water in order to purify it from viruses that multiply at temperatures below 60 degrees. For example, these are the microorganisms that cause Legionnaires' disease.

This bacterium is very dangerous and can multiply in heating, air conditioning and humidification systems. A viral disease occurs with severe fever, intoxication, damage to the lungs, central nervous system, digestive organs, and the development of multiple organ failure syndrome is possible.

At the same time, when the water supply is more than 55 degrees, you can get burned. Therefore, the use of hot water is recommended while turning on cold water.

Where to go

It is important to know that residents pay for water monthly about half of the total amount of utility bills under the line "Fee for maintenance and repairs." And if the water temperature is less than 60 degrees, you should pay for hot water at the price of cold water. Therefore, you need to monitor the temperature of the water, and in which case, immediately contact the authorities responsible for this.

Compliance with water temperature standards is controlled by the State Housing Inspectorate and other government agencies. They force the Housing Office to put everything in order. For violation of the standards for providing public services, a fine of up to 10 thousand rubles threatens.

Every citizen has the right to apply to government agencies in order to take temperature measurements at home. On average, communal services are given 45 days to eliminate violations. And in order to speed up the result, relatives and friends can also send an application, since the more similar requests, the faster utilities will start working.

You need to contact the dispatcher of the UK or housing and communal services. If failures occurred due to an accident, the dispatcher is obliged to report this and name the estimated timeframe for eliminating the breakdown.

If there are no prerequisites for a decrease in temperature, the dispatcher is obliged to record the application for further consideration. At the same time, the consumer needs to mark the application number, the time of contact and the name of the service employee.

Water measurement is carried out as follows: first, a special glass is placed under the stream of hot water. Then a thermometer must be placed in it with the liquid already collected. After a certain time, it is necessary to take readings from the thermometer.

Upon measurement, an act is drawn up, and if a non-compliance with the standards is recorded, the consumer has the right to apply for a recalculation of payment at a reduced rate.