How coffee grows at home. How to plant a coffee bean

First of all, I note that the coffee tree is amazingly beautiful and always looks elegant. Its leaves are dark green, shiny, from the trunk in different directions lateral branches stretch up in tiers, strewn with pretty fruitlets (each with two grains). In general, a Christmas tree with toys, not a plant!

AT at home, it is better to grow low-growing varieties such as Arabica or Robusta, which reach a height of no more than 2.5 m. Now about how to determine the quality of planting material: seeds with good germination have a light gray color.

The coffee tree loves slightly acidic soil. I personally add two more special mixtures: humus, sod land and river sand(4:4:1) or humus, stale peat, river sand (2:2:0.5). Before planting, the seeds are disinfected (soaked in a light solution of manganese for 3 hours), and then hot stratified (I lower them into water heated to 60 ° and keep it there until it cools). I plant in small pots with a diameter of 10 cm with drainage in the form of sand or crushed bricks.

In each I lay out two or three seeds with the convex side up, close up shallowly, cover with glass and put in the warmest place in the apartment. Here I will add that you can grow a coffee tree at any time of the year, but it seems to me that it is best in winter.

After all, it loves heat, and 22-25 ° is the most optimal temperature for it, and near the battery steam heating it just stays on all the time. A cold window sill, and even more so an open window, is undesirable.

When three true leaves appear on the plants, I dive the seedlings. The main thing in this operation is two points: it is absolutely impossible to touch the bark-shocks and you need to take care of the composition of the soil (soddy soil, high-moor peat, river sand (4:2:1) or turfy soil, leaf ground, river sand (12:1)).

Picked plants can already be kept near the window, and in the summer they can be taken out to the balcony. The longer the branches on the tree, the higher the yield (but you can pinch very long ones). In the third year, I transplant the plants again - into pots 50 cm high and wide.

If everything is done according to the mind, then fruiting will begin next season: fragrant white flowers appear first, and then fruits. The crop matures in about a year.

Top dressing should be carried out from April to October: the main ones - with nitrogen fertilizers and every 10 days - with a solution of mullein. Poli you: in the evening or in cloudy weather. I also water with a solution of ash (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water).

The appearance of brown spots on the leaves indicates improper care and not about illness.

By the way, about care: branches that bear fruit for three or four years should be cut at the base. I peel the ripened grains, dry them, roast them, pass them through a coffee grinder and invite guests to get-togethers with cups of fragrant freshly brewed coffee.

Maybe someone will respond and give you seeds or cuttings (a tree can be propagated in this way). And the last. Connoisseurs say that home-grown coffee is different best quality. Good luck to you!

Ethiopia is generally recognized as the birthplace of the coffee tree. It was from here that the distribution of this drink went first in Arab countries and then to Europe and other continents. The main coffee producers in our time are the countries of South America (the largest of them is Brazil), India and Sri Lanka.

Recently, many lovers exotic plants learned to grow this product under room conditions, this will be discussed in this article.

Features of planting a coffee tree

The coffee tree can be propagated by cuttings or seeds. Many people involved in growing a coffee tree at home are still arguing about which method is better. Therefore, you can leave the choice in this matter to yourself.

It must be remembered that store-bought seeds are not suitable for planting, as they can quickly lose their germination capacity if stored for a long time. A coffee tree that is grown from seed begins to bear fruit in about 3-4 years. It is best to take seeds from ripened fruits from which the pulp has already been removed.

If you decide to plant a coffee tree using cuttings, then it will begin to bear fruit earlier, but it will grow longer. To do this, you need to take a sprig of a fruit-bearing coffee tree, preferably from the middle of the crown.

Planting with a cutting

In order to properly plant a tree with a cutting, the following conditions must be observed.
The leaves of the cuttings should not block each other.
The stalk must be cut obliquely with two pairs of leaves, and lower part branches need to be scratched with a needle in order for the cutting to take root sooner.

To stimulate and accelerate growth, dissolve heteroauxin before planting (a quarter of a tablet per 0.5 liter of water) and place the stalk in this solution for 3-4 hours, then apply powder to the lower cut charcoal.
It is best to plant the cutting in a mixture of perlite and peat, adding a weak solution of potassium permanganate to it. It can also be planted in ordinary soil containing organic and inorganic fertilizers.
After planting, the stalk must be watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

It is advisable, after planting, to build a mini-greenhouse for the seedling, as the coffee tree loves warmth. After that, it is worth regularly spraying the cuttings and airing.
It is necessary to maintain the temperature of the roots at the level of 24-26 degrees.
The cutting should be transplanted only after it has a new pair of leaves.

Growing from seeds

If you decide to plant a coffee tree using seeds, then the technology will be somewhat different.
To plant a coffee tree, fresh seeds from freshly ripened fruits are needed - this contributes to rapid growth plants. Before the procedure, it is necessary to clean the seeds from the pulp and rinse them in a solution of potassium permanganate. The soil for sowing should be prepared several weeks in advance.

The washed and peeled seeds are laid out on the soil with the flat side down, at a distance of 4 cm from each other, and then they are pressed into the ground by 1 cm. After planting, it is necessary to pour the seeds with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and cover them with a piece of glass.

The sowing pot must be placed in a warm place with a regular temperature of 20 degrees. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the crops, as well as turn over and wipe the glass.

You can transplant a seedling only with the appearance of several pairs of leaves. They need to be transplanted one at a time, in separate medium-sized pots. Then you need to put them in the shade, and after they take root, you need to put them in a bright place with a continuous flow. fresh air necessarily excluding drafts.

The most suitable for growing indoors is the Arabian variety (arabika)
. Land for planting should be air-light and permeable: greenhouse land (2 parts), leafy soil (3 parts), high-moor peat and washed river sand (1 part each).
. To prevent the soil from turning sour, put a few pieces of charcoal (1 cm in volume) in a pot.
. For planting, take a pot with high edges, with the obligatory use of drainage.
. The coffee tree does not like direct sunlight.
. The ideal temperature for keeping the plant in summer at home is 22-25 ° C, in winter it is not lower than 15 ° C. To keep the roots of the plant warm in cold weather, place a wooden stand under the pot.
. Water the coffee tree with settled soft water. In summer it is much plentiful, in winter - once a week. During the growth period, be sure to spray the plant with water. room temperature(excluding flowering).
. Fertilizer is applied once a month. To do this, use solutions for the pink family. You can sprinkle the soil with dry mullein.
. Coffee fruits ripen within 6-8 months. The ripe fruit resembles a red cherry, 1-2 cm in diameter. At home, you can harvest up to 1 kilogram from one adult tree.

And finally a useful video

The coffee tree is considered to be the birthplace of Ethiopia, and later coffee traveled around the countries and ended up in Europe, where it was successfully cultivated when leaving at home.

The coffee family includes about 40 species. The most significant are Liberian, Congolese, Arabian and high. These are representatives of the Rubiaceae family.

General information

The foliage of the coffee tree is not small, fleshy and has a greenish tint. Flowering begins and the plant produces an umbrella-like inflorescence with about 76 flowers.

The hue of the flowers is white on small roots and they appear on young annual stems. The fruits of the plant consist of two seeds, rounded in shape, having at first yellow tint turning into green. And the ripe fruits of the coffee tree are red. When the fruit ripens, it is covered with a crust on the outside, and inside it is filled with sweetish pulp with a slight sourness and a pair of seeds about 13 mm in length.

A home-grown coffee tree has useful properties. It can purify the air harmful substances, increase and improve the energy capabilities of a person, reduces and relieves stress and puts the nervous system in order.

Types of coffee trees

Arabian type of coffee , popular in home growing, is a compact tree. The leaves are shaped like an elongated ellipse with a dark olive shade, glossy on the surface outside and pale with inside. The inflorescences are small, about 2 cm in diameter, collected in a bunch. The size of the inflorescences directly depends on the growing conditions.

Flowers after opening are fresh only for a few hours. But the buds open gradually, not at once. After the inflorescences fade, the fruit ripens in the form of a berry, in a ripe form it has a burgundy hue. Maturation occurs approximately 8 months after its pollination. The paired fruits resemble round beans. In height, this species reaches up to 5 meters.

This is a neat plant, reaching a height of about 85 cm. The flowering is abundant and subsequently bears fruit well at home. The necessary design to the tree can be given by trimming and pinching the tops of the plant.

Also grown indoors. Its ripe fruits have a scarlet or sunny slightly orange hue. The length of its leaves reaches up to 40 cm, and the height is regulated and the necessary shape is formed by trimming the crown of the plant. The inflorescence has a light shade and large fruits- berries.

Caring for a coffee tree at home

The plant does not tolerate drafts and temperature changes. Following proper care, you will enjoy fresh homemade coffee all year round.

Lighting coffee tree prefers abundant diffused. Optimal location location will southern part premises. Constant ventilation is required winter period and preferred cultivation on loggias or terraces during the warm season. During the heating season, it is necessary to place the plant away from the battery in order to avoid drying out the tips of the leaves. With a lack of lighting, it is necessary to use an artificial type lamp.

The air temperature for the plant in summer should not exceed 25 degrees, and in winter should not fall below 15 degrees. If you do not comply with the temperature conditions of detention, then the plant can shed its foliage and throw off the buds.

Spraying the plant prefers regular, and in the summer it is necessary for the plant to arrange warm shower, this is good for growth and active flowering. Humidity in the room should be increased.

Watering in the summer is regular, allowing only one centimeter to dry from the soil layer, and winter time should be reduced by one per week. Water for irrigation should be soft and settled, free of limescale otherwise the plant may start to hurt.

Coffee Tree Fertilizer

During the period of active development and flowering, the plant must be fed once every 14 days. Top dressing for this is necessary with the content of potassium and nitrogen. Or special fertilizer for azaleas.

In the cold season for the plant, top dressing should be removed completely.

Coffee tree transplant at home

Young individuals need a transplant all the time, that is, every year, plants up to three years old are considered such. Older plants need to be transplanted, once every two to three years. The plant needs a high capacity.

After transplanting, the plant should be placed in a slightly shaded area and given time to adapt, remembering to spray regularly. At the bottom of the container during transplantation, it is necessary to lay good drainage.

soil for coffee tree

The soil for the plant needs loose peat with an acidic reaction, coarse sand and humus, and with the addition of crushed charcoal, all in equal proportions.

Trimming a coffee tree at home

The plant is pruned as needed, dried leaves and stems are removed, and the necessary crown is formed by cutting off overgrown branches, giving them the required length.

coffee tree reproduction

How to grow a coffee tree at home, many people ask this question. This can be done with the help of seeds and cuttings.

It is really possible to grow a tree from coffee beans with your own hands. Instead of soil for sowing, coarse sand or perlite is taken.

coffee tree from seed

Before sowing, the grain must be peeled and soaked in a light solution of potassium permanganate. After that, we sow in the ground a couple of centimeters deep. Spraying periodically.

After one month, the first seedlings appear. When the first pair of leaves begin to appear, the plants are seated in separate containers.

cuttings of coffee tree

For this procedure, shoots are cut about 8 cm long with a pair of buds and planted in loose soil, consisting of leafy, soddy soil and sand in the same proportion. After that, we plant cuttings there and stick to optimal temperature for rooting within 27 degrees.

The container with the cuttings must be covered with a transparent film. Periodically unforgettable, open and spray. After rooting, it is necessary to seat in permanent containers.

• Why do coffee tree leaves fall and appear brown spots - this indicates a lack of soil moisture.
• Necrosis of coffee tree leaves - occurs as a result of a lack of phosphorus and potassium, a lack of light or dry air in the room. Also, the cause may be a sharp temperature drop in the room. With insufficient fertilization with phosphorus, the plant slows down in development and leads to yellowing and leaf fall.

Growing coffee at home

To grow a coffee tree at home, we need: coffee beans that are not roasted or cuttings of a coffee tree.

Consider the seed method of coffee propagation. The main question is where to get coffee beans for growing at home, you can buy green non-roasted coffee beans in the store and try to grow a plant from coffee seeds, the probability of growth is very small. You can beg from friends who already have a fruiting plant, a couple of fruits of a coffee tree, ripe fruits of brown red coffee, peel the coffee from the peel and pulp, which is sweet in taste and has a tonic effect, the grain usually consists of two halves, each half is complete seed coffee tree that grows very quickly. You can buy coffee seeds in a flower shop, but rather than buying seeds, it is better to buy a ready-made germinated plant that is 3-4 months old. Now let's look at all the ways of growing coffee in more detail.

Coffee fruits from green to ripe and overripe

To the genus Coffee, or Coffee tree (Coffea), belongs to about 50 species of wild-growing in tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, evergreen or deciduous shrubs and small trees. how ornamental plant The coffee tree was originally cultivated in botanical gardens and greenhouses.

Coffee tree seeds generally lose their germination very quickly, and the fresher the seeds, the more likely it is to sprout. If you get dried green coffee beans in your hands, pour water into a plate and put the coffee beans there for a day, after 24 hours the root embryo should hatch on the beans, plant the coffee beans that have begun to germinate each in a separate pot. Of the hundreds of seeds that you remove from the plant, even after a couple of months, only a few will sprout. This should be paid attention to those who would like to have coffee at home.

Two weeks before sowing the seeds, a loose water- and breathable substrate is prepared: the soddy soil is steamed, mixed with sand and sifted peat in a ratio (1:2:2).

The cleaned coffee seeds are laid out in a pot filled with the substrate, flat side down at a distance of 3 cm from each other. After pressing the seeds into the soil to a depth of 1 cm, water the substrate with a pink solution of potassium permanganate and cover the crops with glass.

Do not forget to air the pots, wipe and turn the glass; when shoots appear, the ventilation time is gradually increased.

The first coffee sprouts will appear in two months, be patient.

Coffee at 4 months has an already formed primary leaf that will fall over time

Coffee is a very unpretentious and grateful plant. In the first year of life, the growth rate is modest - the average growth is 15-20 cm. But over time, the plant begins an independent abundant branching, without additional pruning.

The coffee tree at 9 months begins the primary formation of the crown, the crown is formed independently.

We must try to interfere as little as possible in the independent life of the plant. Pruning is required only as a last resort - when the bush becomes too large for the room that you are ready to give it.

Coffee trees developing from seedlings do not need to form a crown: at first they grow with one trunk, and in the second year, skeletal branches grow from the awakened lateral axillary buds of the trunk. Too long side shoots coffee is pruned to ensure crown splendor and abundant flowering. The fruiting of coffee trees grown from seeds begins in 5-6 years, branches of coffee grow quite interestingly, about the same as that of a Christmas tree. They depart at right angles to the trunk. Therefore, the crown is spreading. It is because of this crown that difficulties often arise, because the plant must be placed closer to the light, it is very photophilous

An annual transplant is required in the first years of life, in a pot at least 5 cm larger in diameter. Otherwise, instead of blooming for the first time in 4 years, coffee will not bloom at all. Any soil is used - suitable for tub plants or shrubs, rich nutrients, structured and not very loose.

Spraying coffee is not necessary, but it will not be superfluous. The coffee tree should be wiped from dust with a damp sponge and a warm shower should be taken. The temperature regime is normal for indoor plants. Wintering at 16-18°C is recommended. But adult plants tolerate well lower temperatures, up to 10-12 ° C, but always in a very bright place and with rare watering.

Coffee is a very attractive shrub with a symmetrical crown and glossy dark green leaves. The light brown bark flakes off the trunk with age. So the surrounding earth is literally strewn with thin shavings.

In summer, coffee can be taken out into the street, putting it in the shade of a tree, if you put coffee in direct sunlight, it will quickly die, in the summer the coffee tree loves shade on the street.

The coffee tree is 9 years old.

Young seedlings of the coffee tree need to be replanted every year. When the tree begins to bear fruit, replanting so often is no longer required, on average, once every three to four years. This should be done in the spring. Before transplanting the plant, provide drainage in a new vessel. Inspect the roots of the plant, remove rotten and diseased ones. Almost any soil composition is suitable, most importantly, with weak acidity. For example, this: turf land - 40%, leaf land - 30%, river sand - 20%, high-moor peat - 10%. Such soil is well suited for Arabica seedlings. Fertilizers can and should be used. As fertilizers, you can use both ordinary manure and special mineralized compounds. Horn shavings or bone meal (200 g per 10 kg of soil) - ideal source well absorbed phosphorus.

outdoor coffee tree

The flowering of the coffee tree lasts from 2 to 10 days; the aroma of flowers is not as strong as that of citrus fruits.

Coffee beans have long been known as an invigorating agent. They contain caffeine - about 2%, organic acids, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, amino acids, minerals. In creating the taste and aroma of the drink, the main role is played by chlorogenic acid and ether-like compounds formed during the roasting of grains, and the physiological effect is determined by the alkaloid - caffeine.

You need to wait until the berries are fully ripe. They will become cherry in color, soft to the touch. Then, we do the same as on coffee plantations: we collect the seeds, wash them, separate them from the pulp and films and dry them. Further options are possible: someone will try to distribute them or sow them himself. It is the natural instinct of the gardener to propagate what he has. Or you can roast and get grains from which a full-fledged drink is obtained.

Be sure to try your own coffee. From ripe berries select the grains and soak them in water for 12 hours (so they are cleared of mucus). Dry the grains for 7-10 days. Then hold in the oven for 2-3 hours at t 70-80 ° C. Without these procedures, coffee beans will not acquire the desired taste. Fry the seeds cooled after drying, stirring constantly, in a pan until light brown. Cool again and fry again until dark. Brown. Only after these procedures, coffee can be ground and a drink prepared.

Reproduction by cuttings

Plants obtained by cuttings can bloom immediately after rooting; they retain all the properties of the mother plant, the fruits are larger and more numerous. However, coffee trees from cuttings grow more slowly than from seeds; they require the formation of a crown (usually rounded).

1. To obtain cuttings, shoots of last year's growth from the middle part of the crown of a fruit-bearing coffee tree, apical branches are used.
2. The stalk is cut obliquely with two pairs of leaves; a piece of branch about 2.5 cm long is left under the lower node, which is scratched from below with a needle to stimulate root formation.
3. The bases of the cuttings are placed in a solution of heteroauxin (a quarter of a tablet per 0.5 liter of water) for approximately 4 hours; then dust the lower cut of the cutting with charcoal powder.
4. The cuttings are planted vertically in a mixture of sifted high-moor peat and perlite, spilled with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate; the petioles of the lower leaves of the cuttings are buried in the substrate by half, preventing neighboring cuttings from touching each other.
5. After planting the cuttings, the soil is again watered with a solution of potassium permanganate and a mini-greenhouse is built in a pot.
6. A pot with coffee cuttings is placed in a bright place protected from direct sun, the temperature of the substrate is maintained at a high temperature (optimally 25-27 degrees).
7. The greenhouse is regularly ventilated by spraying the cuttings; after about 40 days, their upper kidney awakens.
8. Transplantation of cuttings into individual pots with a diameter of 9-12 cm is carried out after the formation of a new pair of leaves in them. For rooted cuttings, a mixture of soddy land, peat and sand (4: 2: 1) is prepared with the addition wood ash. A shard is placed on the drainage hole of the pot with the convex side up, coarse-grained sand is poured on the bottom of the pot with a layer of 1-1.5 cm. bright place without direct sun.
9. If buds appear on rooted cuttings, they do not need to be removed: the fruits will be full-fledged and will not slow down the development of plants.

The soil for cuttings can be taken different. It is important to observe two basic requirements for its structure. The mixture should retain moisture well and be breathable, since a constant flow of air to the rooting sites is necessary. The best results, as experience shows, gives a mixture of perlite ( construction material) and peat (1:1), where peat is a component that retains moisture. It is best to take marsh peat from sphagnum moss, and before preparing the mixture, it must be sifted through a fine sieve. For improved air supply during rooting, add perlite (perlite expanded sand). It has an absolutely neutral environment, so it does not require pre-disinfection. Before planting the cuttings, both prepared components are thoroughly mixed, then the vessel in which the cuttings will take root is filled with this mixture. It is not necessary to compact the mixture strongly. The mixture is well shed with the prepared aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (pale pink color). This is how the peat, which is part of the mixture, is disinfected, and at the same time it stimulates a better survival rate of the cuttings.

The coffee tree does not have a pronounced dormant period, therefore, in order for the plant all year round grew, bloomed and bore fruit, it must be constantly fed every 10 days: on the 1st, 10th and 20th, giving, respectively, 5 g of nitrogen, 7 g of phosphorus, 1 g of potassium and 7 g of trace elements per 1 liter of water. As a nitrogen fertilizer, we use chicken manure, which we dilute in water and keep until it is completely fermented. When there is no pungent odor and no gas bubbles are released (which means that all organic matter has decomposed), the solution is ready for use. We dilute it three times with water. It should be remembered that chicken manure is the most powerful nitrogen-organic fertilizer, and it must be used carefully.

In a greenhouse, coffee tree plants are from 1 to 5 years old. Cultivation of coffee in greenhouses is promising. So, in GNBS, from each coffee tree growing in a greenhouse, in the third year, 100-150 g of dry seed mass is obtained. The plant also bears fruit indoors.

Plant cuttings strictly vertical position to a depth of 2 - 2.5 cm. The prepared cutting is taken with two fingers and carefully inserted into the substrate so that the petioles of the two lower leaves are sunk into the ground. It has been noticed that at the place where the leaves of the coffee tree are connected to the bearing branch, roots are often formed. Therefore, with such a planting of cuttings, they take root by almost 100%.

After planting the cuttings, for their better fixation in the substrate, it is recommended to shed it again with a solution of potassium permanganate. Required condition for rooting - humid environment around the ground part of the cuttings. It is formed when the vessel in which rooting takes place is covered plastic bag. But it should not be tightly closed, there should be little air access. To do this, a small hole is cut in the bag and the cuttings are sprayed through it during the rooting period, completely moistening the leaf plates. Planted cuttings are placed in diffused light. Direct sunlight is best avoided. The temperature of the substrate is ideally maintained at +25-27 °C. The higher the temperature of the substrate, the faster the cuttings take root. So, for example, at a temperature of +21-23 ° C, the cuttings rooted from February 23 to April 10, and at a temperature of +25 ° C - from April 1 to May 5. However, temperatures above +32 ° C already have a negative effect on root formation.

The first sign of rooting of the cuttings is the awakening of the upper growth bud. However, having noticed this, do not rush to transplant the plant. Wait for a new pair of leaves to form on top. And then, having dug up the rooted cuttings, you will see the resulting root system. It can be fibrous or elongated with 2-3 taproots.

Small particles of peat and perlite adhering to the roots are recommended to be shaken off a little, but not washed off under running water, otherwise the seedling will hurt for a long time before starting to grow again. An earthen mixture for planting rooted cuttings is prepared in the following composition: turf, peat and sand (river) in a ratio of 4:2:1. You can add some wood ash here. A pot for planting is taken with an upper diameter of 12 cm. A shard is placed on the bottom with the convex side up and drainage is poured from coarse-grained sand 1 cm thick.
As a phosphorus top dressing, we take a solution of superphosphate. Pour superphosphate granules into the settled water and stir, heating the solution (for better dissolution) to a temperature of 50 °.

A good potash fertilizer can be obtained from the ash extract. To do this, straw ash (contains up to 46% potassium) must be stirred in a little warm water. After a daily settling, the potassium solution is ready for use. The coffee tree, like any plant, also needs other elements (calcium, boron, manganese, iron, etc.).

Many people think that since the coffee tree comes from the tropics, it needs scorching rays sun all year round. Actually this is not true. Even at home, on plantations, four shade plants of a different species are planted around one coffee tree. In our geographic area, coffee should be kept indoors with windows facing south or southeast. Any sun that looks into them in the summer will not adversely affect the development of the plant. It is more difficult to provide sufficient illumination on cloudy and dark days, in autumn and winter. To do this, we highlight the plants from November 1 to March 1 with a fluorescent lamp.

Pests and diseases of the coffee tree

Many lovers complain - leaves turn brown. This is typical for room content with low air humidity in the autumn-winter period. However, this is not a disease. And if the plant is placed in a wide shallow pan with water, a more favorable microclimate will be created.

Sunburn on leaves bright sun lack of moisture in the air.

Watering

One of the most important aspects of coffee tree care is watering. If the roots are exposed to standing water, the leaves turn brown and fall off. All water should drain from the roots after watering.

Watering. Regular, abundant in summer. Water should be soft, separated, without lime, warm (several degrees above room temperature). It is necessary to maintain a weak acidity of the soil. To do this, once a month, 2-3 drops of acetic acid or a few crystals of citric acid are added to settled water.

Regular spraying will not hurt him either. Once a week (with the exception of the flowering period), a warm shower can be arranged for the tree.

Over watering often results in root rot, crusty growths appear on the leaves of many plants, corky spots (it can even completely cork the surface of the leaf). In addition to excess water during irrigation, the cause of the appearance of such spots can be a sharp change in temperature, a sharp fluctuation in moisture in the substrate (if, after a strong overdrying of the soil, immediately water it abundantly), minus light. With the correction of care errors, the formation of cork spots on the leaves stops. If the most likely cause of spots on coffee leaves is excessive watering (after all, coffee requires moderate watering in winter), water the substrate once or twice with a suspension of foundationazole (1-2 g per liter of water) - this will help a plant that has fallen into unfavorable conditions.

To restore the immunity of the plant, it is not forbidden to carry out a cycle of spraying the leaves of the coffee tree warm water with the addition of "Epin" according to the instructions on the package.

top dressing

In spring and summer, they are fed regularly (every 7-10 days), alternating an aqueous infusion of mullein (1:10) with a full complex mineral fertilizers. In the spring, you can increase the dose nitrogen fertilizers, during fruit ripening - phosphorus, in autumn - potassium.

The main pests are scale insects, spider mites, from diseases - sooty fungus. If in winter in the room where the coffee tree is installed, the temperature is in the range of 10 - 12 C, then a black border will first appear on the leaves, and why the whole plant will begin to die.

• If the soil is not too acidic, the leaves may discolor.
• The tips of the leaves dry up with a lack of moisture in the air.
• The leaves turn yellow, they appear brown spots dead tissue in case of sunburn.
• With excessive watering, the leaves rot and fall off.
• When watering with hard water, the tips of the leaves curl up a little and brown spots appear on them. To prevent this from happening, the water is softened using special tablets, or a bag of peat is kept in 3 liters of water.

Uneven ripening of coffee fruits, usually at room conditions

How to make coffee fruit?
Plants only bear fruit with year-round care, which includes weeding and regular treatment of trees with fungicides and insecticides to protect them from pests and diseases, such as bean borer or coffee rust. A young plant begins to bear fruit in at least two years.

The collected coffee fruits should be dried a little and cleaned of pulp. harvested seeds dry and make coffee.

Coffee Recipes

Roasting coffee at home

You got green unroasted coffee beans, you can make great coffee according to your taste with the necessary caffeine content.
As you know, the taste of coffee is not least affected by how the coffee beans were roasted. Properly roasting coffee is a special art. This experience does not come immediately. But you can learn how to roast.

Coffee roasting is so important process that today the producer of coffee is not the one who grew and harvested it, but the one who roasted and packaged it. In Italy, there is even a special Institute in which they study various methods coffee roasting. The scientific name for this process is pyrolysis. As a result of complex chemical transformations, the taste of grains is enhanced and improved. Scientists have found that coffee contains up to 2000 various oils, aromatic and chemical compounds. When roasted, they are activated, which subsequently gives the coffee its unique bouquet. Before taking on the pan, select the best grains. Please note that when roasting, the beans will evaporate moisture, so the mass of roasted coffee will differ significantly from raw beans. Different cultures have different degrees of coffee roasting.

Arabica varieties are traditionally lightly roasted. This method allows you to save subtle shades of taste and aroma.

The medium degree of roasting gives the beans more dark color. At the same time, oil is actively released, which gives the roasted coffee a characteristic bitter aftertaste.

The so-called dark roast is the most intense. This coffee is bittersweet than others. Its taste is tart and strongly pronounced. Moreover, the higher the roasting temperature, the more expressive the taste. Some varieties become slightly sweet when dark roasted. But here it is important to observe the allotted time. If the beans are overcooked, the sweet flavor will be lost.

In addition to those listed, there are other ways of roasting. As a rule, they are called by the name of the locality or city where they are used. For example, Scandinavian (low roast), Viennese (aromas are revealed fully and butter comes out) and Continental (also known as double, the grains turn into the color of dark chocolate). In the East, they often try to give the beans an exotic flavor. To do this, when roasting, spices and spices are added to coffee. Here are a few more useful tips. When the beans are removed from the heat, try to cool them down as quickly as possible. Grind immediately afterwards. In order for coffee to acquire sugar content, you need to wait at least twelve hours for the gases that are released during heating to evaporate from it. Roasted beans should be shiny. If they are dim, then the time heat treatment was insufficient.

What to roast coffee in. For this, there are special roasters. Before you pour the grains into the roaster, try to warm it evenly. However, in the absence of a roaster, coffee can also be fried in a pan. Most importantly, do not use the oven to fry the grains. Firstly, the grains in this case will be fried unevenly. Secondly, you will not have the opportunity to mix and turn them. First automatic devices for roasting coffee appeared in the seventies. The heat treatment time in them could be maintained with an accuracy of up to seconds. The difference with roasters was that the beans were not heated directly, but were exposed to hot air. However, gourmets say that the taste of coffee prepared in this way is not at all the same as if the beans are roasted in the traditional way.

We store and prepare coffee according to the rules

1. An unopened coffee bag must be kept in the freezer.

2. Coffee should always be kept dry (to make coffee, do not pour it with a wet spoon and store it in places that are easily accessible to water.) The place where you store open coffee should be well ventilated, protected from moisture and light.

3. If the taste of coffee has changed, then check the condition of the coffee pot, water filter. Also check the freshness of milk or cream.

4. Spoons are different. If you have in your dinner set not only teaspoons, but also

dessert, you should be careful with which spoon you take coffee. Agree, a drink made from a small teaspoon differs in strength from coffee prepared according to the same recipe, but taken in the volume of a dessert spoon.

5. When making coffee "bots" do not forget that sugar is added after the ground coffee is poured with boiling water.

6. If you are serving classic coffee, then according to the rules of good manners, a jug of milk should be served with it. So that each of your guests can add it at will.

7. Milk, before serving or adding to coffee, should be heated. Otherwise, you can spoil the taste by cooling the drink.

8. If you are a connoisseur of the taste of the drink, do not add a lot of sugar to your coffee. The optimal dose is a teaspoon

Mexican volcanoes. light cakes

This dish is quite laborious to prepare, but its extraordinary taste will serve as a reward for your efforts..
15 servings:
3 tablespoons skimmed condensed milk
0.5 chocolate bars
1 pack of chocolate cake mix
2 tablespoons instant coffee
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/8 teaspoon red pepper
1 glass of water
1 egg
3 egg whites
3/4 cup sugar
15 Brazil nuts or halves walnuts
3/4 cup powdered sugar
1.5 tablespoons cocoa powder
0.5 sachet of vanilla sugar
3-4 tablespoons skimmed milk

1. Pour chocolate with condensed milk and melt over a fire. Cool, then refrigerate for 30 minutes. In a large bowl, combine chocolate cake mix with instant coffee, cinnamon, and red pepper. Add water and egg and stir.
2. For meringue, in a separate bowl, beat the whites into a stiff foam and, without ceasing to stir, pour in the sugar.
3. Prepare the frosting: Combine the powdered sugar, cocoa powder, vanilla sugar and milk in a bowl. Cool and coat the nuts with it to make balls.
4. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees. Grease 15 cupcake liners vegetable oil. Fill them 2/3 full with chocolate batter. Top with 1 tablespoon of beaten egg whites and spread evenly. In the center of each mold, place the covered chocolate icing nut. Bake the cakes in the oven for 25-30 minutes.
5. After cooling, carefully remove them from the molds and pour chocolate icing on top

Iced coffee cream

This refreshing dessert is served in summer in Italian cafes and bars.
You will need for 6-8 servings:
250 ml very strong espresso
250 ml milk
250 g cream 33% fat
1 vanilla pod
4 yolks
8 art. l. sugar coffee beans for decoration
Cooking time: 45 min. (+ 3-4 hours for freezing)
Calories: 330 kcal

1. In freshly prepared espresso, dissolve 4 tbsp. l. sugar, chill. Heat milk in a small saucepan. Open the vanilla pod, take out the contents and put together with the pod in milk. Do not boil!
2. Put a bowl with round walls on a warm water bath. Put in a bowl the yolks and 4 tbsp. l. sugar, beat with a whisk until foamy.
3. Remove the vanilla pod from the milk. In the egg foam, first add cold coffee, then milk and mix well. Remove the foamy cream from the stove, put in a cold water bath and cool.
4. Whip the cream into a stiff foam. 3/4 whipped cream mixed with coffee cream. Cover the remaining cream and refrigerate to further decorate the dessert. Put coffee cream in a metal bowl, cover and put in the freezer for 3-4 hours. 5. 20 min. Before serving, take the coffee cream out of the freezer and place it in tall glasses. Put whipped cream in cream injector and decorate with coffee cream. Place a few coffee beans on top.
Tip: Vanilla pods are quite expensive and can be substituted with ground vanilla. Use natural vanilla (black dot powder), not artificial vanilla. It will detract from the taste of this dish.

Cold coffee with milk

To prepare one serving of the drink, you need a glass of very cold milk, 2 tablespoons of coffee syrup and 2 tablespoons of ice cream.
All this is mixed, poured into a mixer and whipped. The drink is poured into glasses, if desired, ice is added.
Coffee syrup can be replaced with instant or just strong coffee.
The necessary proportions are easy to establish yourself. For example: 3/4 cup of milk, 2 teaspoons of sugar, 60g of ice cream and 1/2 cup of strong coffee are beaten in a mixer.

O-Lei or Milk Festival

1 cup of hot coffee
8 oz milk
1 oz vanilla syrup or extract 1/8 teaspoon cinnamon
1/8 teaspoon sugar
1/8 teaspoon allspice
1/8 teaspoon cloves

At the bottom of the mug, mix spices and vanilla.
Half fill the mug with hot coffee, then add warm milk.
Designed for 1-2 servings.

Coffee Marianna

5 grains of natural Brazilian coffee
3-4 tablespoons of chocolate fudge
3 tablespoons heavy cream

Grind coffee and brew it in a coffee maker.
Whip cream with chocolate fudge and drop a teaspoon to the bottom of the cup.
Pour coffee.

Spiced coffee

To the bottom of the shallow enamel pan put the chopped zest of one lemon and one orange.
Add 4-5 cloves, cinnamon, 20 pieces of refined sugar.
The mixture is put on fire and poured with hot black coffee (1 l).
After 3-4 minutes, filter through a sieve into cups (yield - 10 servings)

"Love potion"

Sophia Loren says that there is no better love potion than ... ordinary coffee, brewed with one's own hand. When a man tries it, he will not go anywhere.
In order to prepare 2 cups of such an amazing drink, you will need:
- 2 teaspoons ground coffee
- 1-2 cardamom fruits
- 1 bud of dry cloves
- cinnamon and sugar

Heat water in a cezve until the first bubbles appear on the walls.
At this point, reduce the heat to a minimum, pour in the coffee, stir gently, split the cardamom pods and throw the grains into the coffee.
Throw in cloves, cinnamon on the tip of a knife and, if you like, sugar.
Wait five minutes for the foam to slowly rise, but do not let the coffee boil.
To do this, periodically raise the cezve even over low heat so that the bottom cools down a little.
As soon as the coffee starts to rise, take it off the heat and let it steep for a couple of minutes.

Almost everyone loves strong, invigorating coffee. But, to our deepest regret, coffee is not grown in our country - therefore, we have only two options to drink real, fresh coffee: either go to a country where coffee is produced (countries in Africa and Asia), or ... grow a coffee tree at home ! Yes, yes, do not be surprised - it is possible, and it will not be difficult. And besides, it looks very nice and looks like lemon Tree- the same leathery, large and smooth leaves of dark green color, and the height rarely exceeds 1.5 meters. In the axils of the leaves there are flowers that resemble jasmine (though a little larger) and smell pleasant. Then, cherry-sized fruits ripen from these flowers, but not round, but slightly elongated: first green, then red, and finally black and blue. Moreover, on the same branch, both flowers and green fruits, as well as red ones, both red ones and black and blue ones, can coexist. The fact is that coffee fruits may not ripen at the same time. After ripening, they can be plucked, roasted, ground - and enjoy the aroma of fresh, natural coffee "from own garden». How to deliver such exotic pleasure to yourself and your family?

Some facts from the history of coffee

Now the best coffee is rightfully recognized as Arabian (Arabica group). And this is no accident - the fact is that, according to legend, the drink of coffee appeared in the XII-XIII century in Arabia, thanks to one Arab mullah. One day he saw that goats, after eating the leaves and berries of the coffee tree, become active, excited and agile. Mulla decided to try giving an infusion of coffee beans to his students so that they would have more strength and energy for prayers. The infusion worked - and after that other people began to drink coffee in order to give themselves vigor. By the 17th century, coffee had spread to Asia, Europe, and America. It has become an obligatory component of various ceremonies, a sign of hospitality (for example, among the Bedouins, when four sips of coffee were poured into a cup for a guest, which meant: “Drink and go away”). Coffee houses began to be built in the East and soon they became more popular than mosques! After that, coffee houses were banned in some places, but this did not turn people away from coffee: in Europe, coffee first appeared in Italy, then spread to England and other countries. Here they also sought to limit the number of coffee shops, for example, English king Charles II called the coffeehouses "rebel schools" and ordered about 3,000 of them closed, but public opinion forced him to abandon his idea.

Now coffee is mainly grown in Latin America, and it is widely represented by 'Java' and 'Mocha' varieties. The best coffee is grown in Central Africa variety "Robusta", which is frost-resistant and has a harsh taste. This type of coffee is usually used to make instant coffee. Liberian coffee varieties are grown mainly in Africa and are not imported abroad, so it is extremely difficult to find them in stores.

Arabian coffee is usually grown in the apartment, in rare cases - Liberian or Brazilian.

Coffee trees propagate in two ways: cuttings and seeds. Home grown coffee growers disagree on which propagation method is best, so you can leave that choice to yourself. One has only to know that the seeds of ordinary coffee bought in a store are not suitable for planting a coffee tree: the seeds lose their germination capacity very quickly during storage. In addition, a coffee tree grown from seed will bear fruit no earlier than 3-4 years after planting. If you decide to plant your coffee tree using cuttings, it will bear fruit earlier, though it will take longer to grow.

Where can I get cuttings or suitable seeds? The fact is that the cuttings need to be taken from the middle part of the crown of the coffee tree, which is already bearing fruit. And the seeds must be taken from freshly ripened fruits, from which the pulp has been removed - and it is better to plant the seeds immediately, without leaving them “for later”. Therefore, you need to take cuttings or seeds only from acquaintances who already have their own coffee tree - because you are unlikely to find the materials you need in an ordinary store for summer residents.

If you decide to plant a coffee tree using a cutting, you must comply with a number of conditions:

If you plant several cuttings side by side, their leaves should not cover each other;

It is necessary to cut the stalk obliquely with two pairs of leaves, and the lower segment of the branch remaining under the leaves must be scratched with a needle so that the stalk takes root faster;

To stimulate growth and rooting, before planting, dissolve a quarter of a tablet of heteroauxin in 0.5 liter of water and place the end of the cutting in this solution for 4 hours, then apply charcoal powder to the lower cut of the cutting;

It is better to plant the cuttings in a mixture of sifted peat and perlite with the addition of a weak solution of potassium permanganate, you can also use ordinary soil containing high peat and organic (manure) and inorganic (mineral) fertilizers;

After planting the cutting, it must be watered with the same weak solution of potassium permanganate;

After planting a seedling, it is advisable to build a mini-greenhouse, since coffee trees they love heat, after which it must not be forgotten to regularly ventilate and spray the cuttings themselves - the first kidney in this case will wake up in a month and a half;

The temperature at the roots must be maintained at 25-27 degrees;

A cutting should be transplanted no earlier than a new pair of leaves is formed;

If buds appear on rooted cuttings, you should not remove them - they will not slow down the development of the coffee tree itself.

If you decide to sow the seeds of a coffee tree, do not forget about the following important things:

For planting, you need to take well-ripened fruits with two seeds - then you will have a better chance that the coffee tree will actually grow;

Before planting, coffee seeds cleaned from pulp must be washed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate;

The soil in which you will plant the seeds must be prepared two weeks before planting: steam the soddy soil and mix it with sand and sifted high-moor peat (proportion 1:2:2);

After cleaning and washing with potassium permanganate, the seeds are laid flat side down on the prepared soil at a distance of about 3 cm from each other and pressed into the ground by about 1 cm;

After that, the seeds are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and covered with a sheet of glass;

The pot with crops must be placed in a warm place with a constant temperature of about 20 degrees and watered in moderation - then shoots will appear in 1-1.5 months;

Crops must be ventilated daily, wiped and turned over the glass, and after the emergence of seedlings, ventilation should become even greater;

Seedlings can be transplanted after 2-3 pairs of leaves appear on them;

Seedlings need to be transplanted one at a time into different pots. small size, after which it is necessary to put them in the shade, and when the seedlings take root, put them in a bright place with a constant flow of fresh air;

The seedling becomes a tree gradually - first brown spots appear on the green bark, then they increase and merge with each other, after which they brighten and the bark acquires its typical color;

The formation of the crown as such in coffee trees grown from seeds does not occur: at first they grow as a single table, and in the second year new branches grow from new buds, and it is advisable to cut too long side shoots - so that the crown is more magnificent.

As for the transplantation of coffee trees, young, not yet fruitful trees need to be transplanted annually, and those that are already bearing fruit - once every 3-4 years. And it is better to do it in the spring.

Before transplanting to the bottom of a new pot, it is necessary to lay drainage, carefully remove rotten roots from seedlings - and prepare the soil. In general, an already rooted coffee tree is not demanding in terms of soil composition, the only condition is a slightly acidic pH reaction (about 5-5.5). For transplanting Arabian coffee trees, the following soil is ideal: 40% - sod land, 30% - leaf land; 20% - river sand; 10% - riding peat.

Coffee tree care

The coffee tree is a rather unpretentious plant. All he needs is light, heat and moderate watering. In summer and autumn - that is, in the cool season - the coffee tree is recommended temperature conditions in the region of 16-22 degrees, frequent and plentiful watering in summer and moderate - in winter, since if watering is too plentiful, the roots can simply rot. Lighting is very important point for the good growth of your coffee tree, so try to place the coffee pot in the lit and sunny areas of the apartment. True, one detail must be taken into account - too much sun - this is not very good, especially for young seedlings, as this leads to yellowing and wrinkling of delicate leaves.

In order for your coffee tree to grow and develop, it must be in a bright, well-ventilated area with an average temperature of 20-25 degrees (the lowest limit is 16 degrees in winter). But despite the fact that the temperature of the sucker is too low for a coffee tree, it should also not be located near heating appliances- since they dry out the air, which can have a detrimental effect on your tree, because it loves a humid atmosphere very much!

As for top dressing, coffee trees are very fond of nitrogen and potassium salts (3 g of potassium salt and 5 g ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water). Top dressing is best done in late spring - throughout the summer - during a period of particularly rapid growth. In addition, organic fertilizers can be added to this top dressing.

The dormant period as such in the coffee tree is practically not expressed - but, nevertheless, it occurs in winter and manifests itself in the need for moderate watering and keeping the tree in a bright place at a low (16-20 degrees) temperature.

Some features of growing coffee trees at home

Much can be learned about the needs of the coffee tree from the condition of the leaves of the coffee tree. For example, if he does not have enough moisture in the air, the leaves will surely begin to dry out. If the acidity of the soil in which the coffee tree grows is lowered, the leaves will lose their color. If the coffee tree feels an overabundance of the sun, it, just like a person, receives " sunburn»: the leaves turn yellow, and brown spots appear on them. If you slightly overdid it with watering the tree, the leaves may begin to rot and fall off. If the water you water this plant with is very hard, brown spots will appear on the leaves and they may curl up. You can soften water with simple water softening tablets, which you can buy in the household chemical department or in the garden store. There is another remedy - just soak a small bag of peat in 3 liters of water.

The main pests for the coffee tree are scale insects, spider mites and soot fungus, which appears on the leaves of the plant if it gets too low temperature(10-12 degrees). sooty fungus can lead to the death of the coffee tree.

To make coffee from beans grown at home, you need to collect them, free them from the pulp and dry them in the open air. After that, put them in a regular frying pan, fry until brown, grind in a coffee grinder - and you can brew coffee (at the rate of 1 tablespoon of coffee per cup of boiling water)! You can simply pour boiling water over ground coffee and let it brew for about an hour.

By the way, coffee trees grown at home bear fruit quite a bit - you can hardly get more than 500g of grains. But, in the end, even this amount of home-grown coffee can be very valuable and will give you an unforgettable taste and aroma. A very pretty tree good decoration your apartment.