The Tesla generator is an ideal source of energy. Homemade coil for a pulsed metal detector

The Tesla transformer is a device invented by Nikola Tesla and bearing his name. It is a resonant transformer producing high voltage at high frequency. The device was claimed by a US patent dated September 22, 1896, as "Apparatus for the production of electrical currents of high frequency and potential."

pros The simplest Tesla transformer consists of two coils - primary and secondary, as well as a spark gap, a capacitor, a toroid (not always used) and a terminal (shown as an “output” in the diagram). The primary coil usually contains several turns of large diameter wire or copper tube, and the secondary about 1000 turns of smaller diameter wire. The primary coil can be flat (horizontal), conical or cylindrical (vertical). Unlike conventional transformers, there is no ferromagnetic core here. Thus, the mutual inductance between the two coils is much less than that of transformers with a ferromagnetic core. The primary coil together with the capacitor forms an oscillatory circuit, which includes a non-linear element - a spark gap. The arrester, in the simplest case, an ordinary gas one, consists of two massive electrodes with an adjustable gap. The electrodes must be resistant to the flow of high currents through electric arc between them and have good cooling. The secondary coil also forms an oscillatory circuit, where the role of a capacitor is mainly performed by the capacitance of the toroid and its own interturn capacitance of the coil itself. The secondary winding is often covered with a layer epoxy resin or varnish to prevent electrical breakdown. The terminal can be made in the form of a disk, a sharpened pin or a sphere and is designed to produce predictable spark discharges of great length. Thus, the Tesla transformer consists of two connected oscillatory circuits, which determines its remarkable properties and is its main difference from conventional transformers. For the full operation of the transformer, these two oscillatory circuits must be tuned to the same resonant frequency. Usually, during the tuning process, the primary circuit is adjusted to the frequency of the secondary by changing the capacitance of the capacitor and the number of turns of the primary winding until the maximum voltage is obtained at the output of the transformer.

1. SCHEME OF THE TESLA TRANSFORMER

As you can see, this scheme has a minimum of elements, which does not make our task any easier. After all, in order for it to work, it is necessary not only to assemble it, but also to configure it! Let's start in order: MOTS: there is such a transformer in the microwave. It is a conventional power transformer with the only difference that its core operates in a mode close to saturation. This means that despite its small size, it has a power of up to 1.5 kW. However, there is also negative sides in this mode of operation. This is a large no-load current, about 2-4 A, and strong heat even without load, I am silent about heating with load. The usual output voltage for the MOTA is 2000-2200 volts at a current strength of 500-850 mA. For all MOTs, the “primary” is wound at the bottom, the “secondary” is wound at the top. This is done for good insulation of the windings. On the "secondary", and sometimes on the "primary", the filament winding of the magnetron is wound, about 3.6 volts. Moreover, two metal jumpers can be seen between the windings. These are magnetic shunts. Their main purpose is to close on itself a part of the magnetic flux created by the "primary" and thus limit the magnetic flux through the "secondary" and its output current at a certain level. This is done due to the fact that in the absence of shunts during a short circuit in the "secondary" (with an arc), the current through the "primary" increases many times and is limited only by its resistance, which is already very small. Thus, the shunts do not allow the trance to quickly overheat when the load is connected. Although the ILO is heated, they put a good fan in the stove to cool it and it does not die. If the shunts are removed, then the power given off by the trance increases, but overheating occurs much faster. Shunts in imported ILOs are usually well filled with epoxy and are not so easy to remove. But it is still desirable to do this, the drawdown under load will decrease. To reduce heat, I can advise you to put the ILO in oil. Amateurs please refrain from doing this. Danger High voltage. Deadly for life. Although the voltage is small compared to a lineman, a current strength a hundred times greater than the safe limit of 10mA will make your chances of staying alive practically equal to zero. I may upset some people by reporting that the ILO, although ideal source power supply for Tesla coils (small-sized, powerful, does not die from HF like NST), but its price ranges from 600 to 1500 rubles and more. In addition, even if you have that kind of money, you will have to pretty much run around the radio markets and shops in search of it. Personally, I never found an imported ILO, not new, not used. But I found an ILO from the Soviet Elektronika microwave oven. He has much large sizes than imported and works like a normal trance. It is called from TV-11-3-220-50. Its approximate parameters are: power about 1.5 kW, output voltage ~ 2200 volts, current strength 800 mA. Decent options. Moreover, on it, in addition to the primary, secondary and filament, there is also a 12 V winding, just to power the cooler for the Tesla spark plug. The author of our Tesla used the following moths:

CAPS: High-voltage ceramic capacitors are meant (series K15U1, K15U2, TGK, KTK, K15-11, K15-14 - for high-frequency installations!) The most difficult thing is to find them. Introducing a photograph:

High-frequency filter: respectively two coils that act as filters against high-frequency voltage. Each has 140 turns of lacquered copper wire 0.5 mm in diameter. Very well distinguishable in this picture:

Sparkler: A sparkler is needed to switch power and excite oscillations in the circuit. If there is no spark plug in the circuit, then there will be power, but there will be no oscillations. And the power supply starts siphoning through the primary - and this short circuit! Until the spark plug is closed, the caps are charged. As soon as it closes, vibrations begin. Therefore, they put ballast in the form of chokes - when the spark plug is closed, the choke prevents the current from flowing from the power supply, it charges itself, and then, when the spark gap opens, it charges the caps with double anger. Yes, if there were 200 kHz in the outlet, the arrester would naturally not be needed.

Instruction

Determine the type of coil you intend to make. Depending on the conditions of use and the design of the coil inductance divided into low-frequency and high-frequency. For a low-frequency coil, you will need to make a magnetic circuit (core) from steel plates. In high-frequency coils, the core is either not used at all, or it is made of a non-magnetic material. Such a core allows you to change its inductance without changing the turns of the coil.

Pick up a wire for winding the coil. As a rule, both types of coils use copper wire different section(copper has low resistance). Choose a wire with the appropriate insulation, depending on the coil (most often, enamel insulation should be preferred). Coils used in the high-frequency part of the short-wave range are wound with bare wire to reduce losses. For winding high-Q coils, used, for example, in narrow-band filters, use a stranded wire consisting of several wires with enamel insulation twisted together.

Determine the diameter of the wire in order to evaluate the possibility of its use in the coil. In the absence of a micrometer, wind several tens of turns of wire on or another suitable rod (tight, turn to turn), and then measure the total winding length with a ruler and divide by the number of turns. The more turns and the denser the winding, the more accurate the measurement result.

Make a coil frame. In the design of home-made equipment, the frame can be made of paper, organic, cardboard. Make small frames from photographic film, from which the emulsion must first be removed. For rigidity, use several layers of film. From the same film, make the cheeks of the frame by gluing them with celluloid glue.

Winding wire on coil produce manually or on a special winding machine (depending on the type of carcass and core). The coil, made on an annular ferrite, is wound using special device(shuttle).

If it becomes necessary to solder enameled wire, first remove the . This is easy to do by holding the wire in the flame of a burning match, stripping sharp knife or by wiping the wire with cotton wool soaked in acetone.

Related videos

Sources:

• Coils and transformers
• manufacture of inductors

The Tesla coil, also known as the Tesla transformer, is a unique device that is not at all like ordinary transformers, the condition for which is self-induction. For a Tesla transformer, it is quite the opposite: the less self-inductance, the better. Very interesting and inexplicable effects appear during his work. But despite all the mystery, it is easy to assemble it yourself at home.

You will need

• Copper wires, plastic pipe, high voltage source, capacitor.

Instruction

Take a copper wire about 10 millimeters thick.

Next, take a piece of plastic about 50 millimeters in diameter and wind a coil on it, turn to turn, with a wire of 0.01 millimeters. The number of turns can be from 700 to 1000. This will be the secondary winding of the transformer, it is placed inside the primary. To start the device, it is necessary to apply high-voltage pulses to the primary winding of the transformer.

When voltage is applied, the capacitor will begin to charge, as it accumulates, the voltage on its plates increases until a breakdown occurs in the arrester, then the voltage is sharp, and it starts charging again. This is the pulse shaping cycle applied to the primary winding of the transformer.

note

Voltage is applied to the primary winding, on the order of several thousand volts. Don't forget that this is dangerous.

Helpful advice

By adjusting the capacitance, you can adjust the pulse frequency, because the smaller the capacitance, the faster it charges, and by adjusting the gap in the arrester, the voltage changes.

Sources:

• tesla how to make

Coil inductance is a coiled conductor that stores magnetic energy in the form magnetic field. Without this element, it is impossible to build either a radio transmitter or a radio receiver on wired communication equipment. And the TV that many of us are so accustomed to without a reel inductance unthinkable.

You will need

• Wires of various sections, paper, glue, plastic cylinder, knife, scissors

Instruction

Magnetic cores concentrate the magnetic field of the coil, which increases its inductance. In this case, you can reduce the number of turns of the coil, which entails a reduction in its size and dimensions of the radio device.

Sources:

• Inductor

For the manufacture of some devices, it is necessary to use devices that convert currents and alternating voltages - transformers. In addition to step-down transformers, there may be a need for powerful step-up devices. One of these converting devices is the induction coil - the Ruhmkorf coil. Winding core induction coil - the task is quite feasible and does not require special knowledge or equipment.

You will need

• - copper wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm with double insulation;
• - threads;
• - paraffin;
• - cardboard or thin fiber;
• - PSHO or PE wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm;
• - paraffin paper;
• - insulating tape;
• - wire;
• - alcohol varnish

Instruction

Make a core. For these purposes, iron wire is suitable. Glow the wire to a dark red color, and then place it in hot ashes and leave until it cools. Carefully clean the incandescence and carefully cover with alcohol varnish. Fold the wire into a bundle and wrap it tightly with electrical tape. Wrap several layers of paraffin paper.

When winding core you should first make the primary winding, and then the secondary, step-up. Take the copper wire. Measure 10 cm, leaving this end free. Fix the wire on the core, at a distance of 4 cm from the end with a thread.

Start winding the wire clockwise. Try to lay the coil to the coil as tightly as possible. Wrap the core completely with one layer of wire.

Make a loop. The length of the loop should be 10 cm. Secure the wire with a thread. Wind the second layer of wire in the same direction. Firmly fix the end of the winding with . Fill the entire winding with hot paraffin.

Take thin fiber. If you do not have this material, then cardboard will do. The thickness of the cardboard sheet should be 1 mm. To improve the insulating properties, it is necessary to pre-boil the material in paraffin.

Craft 10 coils. The diameter of the inner hole of the coils must match the diameter core with primary winding.

Take insulated wire PSHO or PE. Carefully wind the secondary winding sections. All sections should be wound in the same direction. The winding of each of the sections must be completed at a distance of 5 mm from the upper side. Make a small puncture in the cheek of the coil in this place. Fasten the wire, leaving a 6-7 cm end.

Carefully cover the winding with waxed paper in several layers, and then with insulating tape.

Wrap the primary with 2 layers of paraffin paper. Carefully observing correct order, put on the sections of the second winding. Consistently connect the ends of the winding sections.

Solder a piece of wire, 15 cm long, first to the beginning and then to the end of the secondary winding. Carefully fill the coil with paraffin. Make sure there are no gaps between sections. The induction coil is ready.

Sources:

• Ruhmkorff coil in 2019

What a great way to go fishing early in the morning! The fresh smell of wild flowers, the chirping of birds and the first rays of the sun have a calming effect on the human psyche. To maintain this state of mind, you must avoid any trouble while fishing. And for this, even the day before, it is worth taking care, including the correct winding cord on the spool of a fishing reel.

The Tesla Coil is a resonant transformer that creates a high voltage at a high frequency. Invented by Tesla in 1896. The operation of this device is very beautiful effects, similar to controlled lightning, and their size and strength depend on the supplied voltage and the electrical circuit.

It is not difficult to make a Tesla coil at home, and its effects are very beautiful. Ready-made and powerful such devices are sold in this Chinese store.

Without using wires, with the help of the proposed high-frequency transformer, it is possible to maintain the glow of gas-filled lamps (for example, fluorescent lamps). In addition, a beautiful high-voltage spark is formed at the end of the winding, which you can touch with your hands. Due to the fact that the input voltage on the presented generator will be low, it is relatively safe.

Safety precautions for the operation of the presented Tesla coil circuit

Remember not to turn on this device near phones, computers and other electronic devices, as they may be damaged by its radiation.

A simple Tesla generator circuit

To assemble the circuit you need:

1. Copper enameled wire 0.1-0.3 mm thick, 200 m long.

2. plastic pipe diameter 4-7 cm, length 15 cm for the frame of the secondary winding.

3. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 7-10 cm, a length of 3-5 cm for the frame of the primary winding.

4. Radio components: transistor D13007 and a cooling radiator for it; 50 kΩ variable resistor; fixed resistor at 75 ohms and 0.25 watts; power supply with an output voltage of 12-18 volts and a current of 0.5 amperes;
5. Soldering iron, tin solder and rosin.

Having picked up the necessary parts, start by winding the coil. It should be wound on the frame turn to turn without overlaps and noticeable gaps, about 1000 turns, but not less than 600. After that, you need to provide insulation and fix the winding, it is best to use varnish for this, which cover the winding in several layers.

For the primary winding (L1), a thicker wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm or more is used, the winding is 5-12 turns, the frame for it is selected at least 5 mm thicker than the secondary winding.

Next, assemble the circuit, as in the figure above. Transistor any will do NPN, PNP is also possible, but in this case it is necessary to change the polarity of the power supply, the author of the circuit used BUT11AF, from domestic ones, which are in no way inferior, KT819, KT805 are well suited.
To power the kacher - any power supply 12-30V with a current of 0.3 A or more.

Tesla winding parameters

Secondary - 700 turns with a wire 0.15 mm thick on a 4 cm frame.
Primary - 5 turns with 1.5 mm wire on a 5 cm frame.
Power supply - 12-24 V with current up to 1 A.

Video channel "How-todo".

The idea of ​​getting "fuel-free" electricity at home is extremely interesting. Any mention of current technology instantly attracts the attention of people who want to get at their disposal the delightful possibilities of energy independence free of charge. To draw the right conclusions on this topic, it is necessary to study theory and practice.

The generator can be assembled without great difficulty, in any garage

How to create a perpetual generator

The first thing that comes to mind when mentioning such devices is Tesla's inventions. This person cannot be called a dreamer. On the contrary, he is known for his projects that have been successfully implemented in practice:

• He created the first transformers and generators operating at high frequency currents. In fact, he founded the corresponding direction of electrical high-frequency equipment. Some of the results of his experiments are still used in safety regulations.
• Tesla created a theory on the basis of which designs appeared electrical machines multiphase type. Many modern electric motors are based on his developments.
• Many researchers rightly believe that the transmission of information over a distance using radio waves was also invented by Tesla.
• His ideas were implemented in the patents of the famous Edison, according to historians.
• The giant towers, the power generators that Tesla built, were used for many experiments that were fantastic even by today's standards. They created an aurora at the latitude of New York and caused vibrations comparable in strength to powerful natural earthquakes.
• The Tunguska meteorite is said to have actually been the result of an experiment by the inventor.
• A small black box, which Tesla installed in a mass-produced car with an electric motor, provided full-fledged many hours of power for equipment without batteries and wires.

Experiments in the Tunguska area

Only a part of the inventions is listed here. But even brief descriptions of some of them suggest that Tesla created a “perpetual” motion machine with his own hands. However, the inventor himself used not spells and miracles for calculations, but quite materialistic formulas. It should be noted, however, that they described the theory of the ether, which is not recognized by modern science.

In practice, you can use typical schemes appliances.

If using an oscilloscope to make measurements of the oscillations that form the "classical" Tesla coil, interesting conclusions will be drawn.

Voltage oscillograms at different types inductive coupling

A strong coupling of the inductive type is provided in a standard way. To do this, a core made of transformer iron, or another suitable material. The right side of the figure shows the corresponding oscillations, the results of measurements on the primary and secondary coils. The correlation of processes is clearly visible.

Now you need to pay attention to the left side of the picture. After a short-term pulse is applied to the primary winding, the oscillations gradually die out. However, a different process is registered on the second coil. Oscillations here have a pronounced inertial nature. They do not fade for some time without external energy supply. Tesla believed that this effect explains the presence of the ether, a medium with unique properties.

The following situations are cited as direct evidence for this theory:

• Self-charging of capacitors that are not connected to an energy source.
• A significant change in the normal parameters of power plants, which causes reactive power.
• The appearance of corona discharges on a coil not connected to the network, when placed at a great distance from a working similar device.

The last of the processes occurs without additional energy costs, so it should be considered more carefully. Below is circuit diagram Tesla coils, which can be assembled without much difficulty with your own hands at home.

Schematic diagram of Tesla coils

The following list shows the main product parameters and features that must be considered during the installation process:

• For a large primary winding design, you will need a copper tube with a diameter of about 8 mm. This coil consists of 7-9 turns, stacked with expansion in a spiral to the upper side.
• The secondary winding can be made on a frame made of a polymer pipe (diameter from 90 to 110 mm). Fluoroplastic works well. This material has excellent insulating characteristics, maintains the integrity of the structure of the product in a wide temperature range. The conductor is selected to make 900-1100 turns.
• A third winding is placed inside the pipe. To assemble it correctly, use a stranded wire in a thick sheath. The cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor should be 15-20 mm 2. The amount of voltage at the output will depend on the number of its turns.
• To fine-tune the resonance, all windings are tuned to the same frequency using capacitors.

Practical implementation of projects

The example given in the previous paragraph describes only part of the device. There is no exact indication of electrical quantities, formulas.

Do it yourself similar design can. But you will have to look for circuits of the exciting generator, to perform numerous experiments on relative position blocks in space, pick up frequencies and resonances.

They say that luck smiled at someone. But it is impossible to find complete data or credible evidence in the public domain. Therefore, only real products that you can really make at home yourself will be considered below.

The following figure shows the circuit diagram. It is assembled from inexpensive standard parts that can be purchased at any specialized store. Their denominations and designations are indicated on the drawing. Difficulties may arise when searching for a lamp that is not currently commercially available. For replacement, you can use 6P369S. But we must understand that this vacuum device is designed for less power. Since there are few elements, it is acceptable to use the simplest surface mounting, without making a special board.

Electrical diagram of the generator

The transformer shown in the figure is a Tesla coil. It is wound on a dielectric tube, guided by the data from the following table.

Number of turns depending on winding and conductor diameter

The free wires of the high-voltage coil are installed vertically.

To ensure the aesthetics of the design, you can make a special case with your own hands. It is also useful for securely fixing the block on flat surface and subsequent experiments.

One of the generator designs

After turning on the device in the network, if everything is done correctly, and the elements are in good order, it will be possible to admire the coronal glow.

The three-coil circuit shown in the previous section can be used in conjunction with this experimental device to create a personal source of free electricity.

Coronal radiation above the coil

If it is preferable to work with new components, it is worth considering the following scheme:

FET oscillator circuit

The main parameters of the elements are shown in the drawing. Instructions for assembly and important additions are listed in the following table.

Explanations and additions to the assembly of the generator on a field-effect transistor

Skeptics who deny the very possibility of using “free” energy, as well as those people who do not have basic skills to work with electrical engineering, can do the following installation with their own hands:

An unlimited source of free energy

Let the reader not be confused by the lack of many details, formulas and explanations. Everything ingenious is simple, isn't it? Here is a schematic diagram of one of Tesla's inventions, which has survived to this day without distortion or correction. This installation generates current from sunlight without special batteries and converters.

The fact is that in the radiation flux of the star closest to the Earth there are particles with positive charges. When hitting the surface of a metal plate, a process of charge accumulation occurs in an electrolytic capacitor, which is connected by a "minus" to a standard ground electrode. To increase efficiency, the energy receiver is installed as high as possible. Aluminum foil is suitable for baking food in the oven. With your own hands, using improvised means, you can make a basis for fixing it and raise the device to a great height.

But do not rush to the store. The performance of such a system is minimal (below is a table with information on the device).

Accurate experiment data

On a sunny day after 10 o'clock measuring device showed 8 volts at the capacitor terminals. In a few seconds in this mode, the discharge was completely consumed.

Obvious conclusions and important additions

Despite the fact that a simple solution has not yet been presented to the public, it cannot be argued that the electromagnetic generator of the great inventor Tesla does not exist. The ether theory does not recognize modern science. The current systems of economy, production, politics will be destroyed by free or very cheap sources of energy. Of course, there are many opponents of their appearance.

This man was able to create a working generator

Video. DIY generator.

But with the help of the above schemes, you can assemble working models for experiments with your own hands. It is possible that the manufactured coil will have unique parameters that can change the course of history.

Tesla coil

Discharges from the wire on the terminal

Tesla transformer- the only one of Nikola Tesla's inventions bearing his name today. This is a classic resonant transformer, producing high voltage at high frequency. It was used by Tesla in several sizes and variations for his experiments. The Tesla Transformer is also known as the Tesla Coil. Tesla coil). The following abbreviations are often used in Russia: TS (from Tesla coil), CT (Tesla coil), just Tesla and even affectionately - Katka. The device was claimed by patent No. 568176 dated September 22, 1896, as "Apparatus for the production of electric currents of high frequency and potential."

Design description

Scheme of the simplest Tesla transformer

In its elementary form, the Tesla transformer consists of two coils, primary and secondary, and a harness consisting of a spark gap (breaker, often found English version Spark Gap), capacitor, toroid (not always used) and terminal (shown as "output" in the diagram).

The primary coil is built from 5-30 (for VTTC - Tesla coil on a lamp - the number of turns can reach 60) turns of large diameter wire or copper tube, and the secondary of many turns of smaller diameter wire. The primary coil can be flat (horizontal), conical or cylindrical (vertical). Unlike many other transformers, there is no ferromagnetic core here. Thus, the mutual inductance between the two coils is much less than conventional transformers with a ferromagnetic core. This transformer also has practically no magnetic hysteresis, the phenomenon of delay in the change in magnetic induction relative to the change in current, and other disadvantages introduced by the presence of a ferromagnet in the field of the transformer.

The primary coil together with the capacitor forms an oscillatory circuit, which includes a non-linear element - a spark gap (spark gap). The arrester, in the simplest case, is an ordinary gas one; usually made of massive electrodes (sometimes with radiators), which is made for greater wear resistance when high currents flow through an electric arc between them.

The secondary coil also forms an oscillatory circuit, where the capacitive coupling between the toroid, the terminal device, the turns of the coil itself and other electrically conductive elements of the circuit with the Earth performs the role of a capacitor. terminal device(terminal) can be made in the form of a disk, a sharpened pin or a sphere. The terminal is designed to produce long, predictable sparks. The geometry and relative position of parts of the Tesla transformer greatly affects its performance, which is similar to the problem of designing any high-voltage and high-frequency devices.

Functioning

Tesla transformer under consideration the simplest design, shown in the diagram, operates in a pulsed mode. The first phase is the charge of the capacitor up to the breakdown voltage of the arrester. The second phase is the generation of high-frequency oscillations.

Charge

The capacitor is charged external source high voltage, protected by chokes and usually built on the basis of a step-up low-frequency transformer. Since part electrical energy, accumulated in the capacitor, will go to the generation of high-frequency oscillations, then they try to maximize the capacitance and the maximum voltage on the capacitor. The charge voltage is limited by the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, which (in the case of an air gap) can be adjusted by changing the distance between the electrodes or their shape. The typical maximum capacitor charge voltage is 2-20 kilovolts. The sign of the voltage for the charge is usually not important, since electrolytic capacitors are not used in high-frequency oscillatory circuits. Moreover, in many designs, the sign of the charge changes with the frequency of the household power supply (or Hz).

Generation

After reaching the breakdown voltage between the electrodes of the arrester, an avalanche-like electrical breakdown of the gas occurs in it. The capacitor is discharged through the arrester to the coil. After the discharge of the capacitor, the breakdown voltage of the arrester decreases sharply due to the charge carriers remaining in the gas. In practice, the circuit of the oscillatory circuit of the primary coil remains closed through the spark gap, as long as the current creates a sufficient number of charge carriers to maintain the breakdown voltage substantially lower than the amplitude of the oscillation voltage in the LC circuit. The oscillations are gradually damped, mainly due to losses in the spark gap and the escape of electromagnetic energy to the secondary coil. Resonant vibrations occur in the secondary circuit, which leads to the appearance of a high-voltage high-frequency voltage at the terminal!

As an RF voltage generator, modern Tesla transformers use tube (VTTC - Vacuum Tube Tesla Coil) and transistor (SSTC - Solid State Tesla Coil, DRSSTC - Dual Resonance SSTC) generators. This makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the installation, increase controllability, reduce the noise level and get rid of the spark gap. There is also a variety of Tesla transformers, powered by direct current. The abbreviations of the names of such coils contain the letters DC, for example DC DRSSTC. Tesla's magnifer coils are also included in a separate category.

Many developers use controlled electronic components as an interrupter (arrester), such as transistors, MOSFET transistor modules, vacuum tubes, thyristors.

Tesla transformer use

Tesla transformer discharge

Discharge from the end of the wire

The output voltage of a Tesla transformer can reach several million volts. This voltage at the resonant frequency is capable of creating impressive electric discharges in the air, which can be many meters long. These phenomena fascinate people for various reasons, so the Tesla transformer is used as a decorative item.

The transformer was used by Tesla to generate and propagate electrical oscillations aimed at controlling devices at a distance without wires (radio control), wireless data transmission (radio), and wireless power transmission. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Tesla transformer also found popular use in medicine. Patients were treated with weak high-frequency currents, which, flowing through a thin layer of the skin surface, do no harm. internal organs(see Skin effect), while providing a tonic and healing effect. Recent studies of the mechanism of action of powerful HF currents on a living organism have shown the negativity of their influence.

Nowadays, the Tesla transformer does not have a wide practical application. It is made by many lovers of high-voltage technology and the effects that accompany it. It is also sometimes used to ignite discharge lamps and to find leaks in vacuum systems.

The Tesla transformer is used by the military to quickly destroy all electronics in a building, tank, ship. Creates a powerful for a fraction of a second electromagnetic pulse within a radius of several tens of meters. As a result, all microcircuits and transistors, semiconductor electronics burn out. This device operates completely silently. A message appeared in the press that the current frequency reaches 1 Terahertz.

Effects observed during the operation of the Tesla transformer

During operation, the Tesla coil creates beautiful effects associated with education various kinds gas discharges. Many people collect Tesla transformers in order to look at these impressive, beautiful phenomena. In general, the Tesla coil produces 4 types of discharges:

1. Streamers (from English. Streamer) - dimly glowing thin branched channels that contain ionized gas atoms and free electrons split off from them. It flows from the terminal (or from the most sharp, curved BB-parts) of the coil directly into the air, without going into the ground, since the charge flows evenly from the discharge surface through the air into the ground. The streamer is, in fact, the visible ionization of air (glow of ions) created by the HV field of the transformer.
2. Spark (from English. Spark) is a spark discharge. Goes from the terminal (or from the most sharp, curved BB parts) directly into the ground or into a grounded object. It is a bundle of bright, rapidly disappearing or replacing each other filamentous, often highly branched strips - spark channels. There is also a special kind of spark discharge - a sliding spark discharge.
3. Corona discharge - the glow of air ions in electric field high voltage. Creates a beautiful bluish glow around the BB parts of the structure with a strong surface curvature.
4. Arc discharge - formed in many cases. For example, with sufficient power of the transformer, if a grounded object is brought close to its terminal, an arc may ignite between it and the terminal (sometimes you need to directly touch the object to the terminal and then stretch the arc, retracting the object to a greater distance). This is especially true of Tesla tube coils. If the coil is not powerful enough and reliable, then the provoked arc discharge may damage its components.

You can often observe (especially near powerful coils), how the discharges go not only from the coil itself (its terminal, etc.), but also towards it from grounded objects. Also, corona discharge can occur on such objects. Rarely, a glow discharge can also be observed. It is interesting to note that different chemical substances, applied to the discharge terminal, are able to change the color of the discharge. For example, sodium changes the usual spark color to orange, and bromine to green.

The operation of a resonant transformer is accompanied by a characteristic electrical crackle. The appearance of this phenomenon is associated with the transformation of streamers into spark channels (see the article spark discharge), which is accompanied by a sharp increase in the current strength and the amount of energy released in them. Each channel rapidly expands, the pressure rises abruptly in it, as a result of which a shock wave arises at its boundaries. The combination of shock waves from the expanding spark channels generates a sound perceived as a "crack" of a spark.

Unknown Tesla Transformer Effects

Many people believe that Tesla coils are special artifacts with exceptional properties. There is an opinion that the Tesla transformer can be a generator free energy and is a perpetual motion machine, based on the fact that Tesla himself believed that his generator takes energy from the ether (a special invisible matter in which electromagnetic waves propagate) through a spark gap. Sometimes you can hear that with the help of the "Tesla Coil" you can create anti-gravity and effectively transmit electricity over long distances without wires. These properties have not yet been tested and confirmed by science. However, Tesla himself said that such abilities would soon be available to mankind with the help of his inventions. But later I thought that people are not ready for this.

Also very common is the thesis that the discharges emitted by Tesla transformers are completely safe and can be touched by hands. This is not entirely true. In medicine, "Tesla coils" are also used to heal the skin. This treatment has positive results and has a beneficial effect on the skin, but the design of medical transformers is very different from the design of conventional ones. Healing generators are very high frequency output current, at which the thickness of the skin layer (see Skin effect) is safely small, and extremely low power. And the thickness of the skin layer for an average Tesla coil is from 1 mm to 5 mm, and its power is enough to warm up this skin layer, disrupt natural chemical processes. With prolonged exposure to such currents, serious chronic diseases, malignant tumors and others Negative consequences. In addition, it should be noted that being in the HF explosive field of the coil (even without direct contact with the current) can adversely affect health. It is important to note that nervous system a person does not perceive high-frequency current and pain is not felt, but nevertheless this can initiate processes that are detrimental to a person. There is also a danger of poisoning by gases generated during the operation of the transformer in a closed room without an inflow. fresh air. Plus, you can get burned, since the discharge temperature is usually enough for a small burn (and sometimes for a big one), and if a person still wants to “catch” the discharge, then this should be done through some kind of conductor (for example, a metal rod) . In this case, there will be no direct contact of the hot discharge with the skin, and the current will first flow through the conductor and only then through the body.

Tesla transformer in culture

In the Jim Jarmusch film Coffee and Cigarettes, one of the episodes is based on the demonstration of the Tesla transformer. In the story, Jack White, guitarist and vocalist of The White Stripes, tells Meg White, the band's drummer, that the earth is a conductor of acoustic resonance (the theory of electromagnetic resonance is an idea that has occupied Tesla's mind for many years), and then "Jack demonstrates Meg Tesla's car."

In Command & Conquer: Red Alert, the Soviet side can build a defensive structure in the form of a tower with a spiral wire, which strikes the enemy with powerful electrical discharges. Even in the game there are tanks and foot soldiers using this technology. Tesla coil (in one of the translations - Tesla tower) is an extremely accurate, powerful and long-range weapon in the game, but it consumes a relatively high amount of energy. To increase the power and range of destruction, you can "charge" the towers. To do this, give the order to the Tesla Warrior (this is an infantryman) to come up and stand next to the tower. When the warrior reaches the place, he will start charging the tower. In this case, the animation will be similar to when attacking, but the lightning from his hands will be yellow.