Technological map Typical technological map for facing internal surfaces with glazed ceramic tiles . How to clad walls with glazed mortar tiles

Glazed ceramic tiles are used for facing surfaces that must meet increased sanitary and technical requirements, as well as be resistant to operation in conditions of high humidity. Surfaces lined with ceramic tiles also have a decorative purpose. In this project, the surfaces of the walls of the bathrooms and toilets are tiled with ceramic tiles.

Organization and technology of the construction process.

Prior to the commencement of work on the interior cladding, all work that may lead to damage to the cladding surfaces must be completed, roofing work must be completed, frames in door and window openings must be installed, and all types of hidden wiring must be completed. Prior to tiling work, the following must be done:

The foundation for the floors was laid (waterproofing and waterproofing screed), sanitary and technical wiring of risers to appliances (heating, plumbing) were mounted and pressed;

Bathtubs installed and bricked up;

Plugs, hooks and brackets for hanging sanitary and electrical equipment have been supplied.

The thickness of the mortar between the surface to be coated and the facing tile must be no more than 15 mm and no less than 3 mm. The thickness of the joints between tiles should not exceed 5mm.

When facing the surface with glazed tiles on cement mortar individual surface irregularities and deviations from the vertical by more than 15 mm are straightened with cement mortar. Correction of surfaces is carried out without smoothing and grouting (see photo No. 4, 5).

When facing walls that do not have deviations exceeding the permissible ones, the surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, mortar streaks and washed with water. In the presence of greasy stains, they are removed by washing with a 2-3% solution of hydrochloric acid, followed by washing with water.

The tile adhesive used for this object is prepared directly at the construction site (before use). Only clean containers and tools should be used to prepare the solution. The dry mixture must be poured into a container with clean water (0.21-0.25 l per 1 kg of dry mixture) and mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained for 3-5 minutes. Let the solution stand for 3-5 minutes. and stir again. Mixing is done manually or mechanized (professional mixer or drill with a nozzle at low speed). Manual mixing is allowed when the mass of the mixed mixture is not more than 1 kg. The prepared portion of the mixture should be consumed within 180 minutes (see photo No. 6, 7, 8.9, 10).

On the prepared primed work surface with a spatula, the prepared adhesive solution 3-15mm thick and leveled with a notched trowel (see photo No. 11,12, 13). For large-format tiles, a spatula with a tooth size of at least 8 mm is used. A tile is placed on a layer of glue and pressed in. The inner surface of the tile must adhere tightly to the adhesive solution. When applying the adhesive to substrates, the mortar mixture should be applied to an area that can be tiled within 20 minutes. Correction of the position and cleaning of the surface of the tile from excess adhesive must be carried out within 10 minutes after laying. Subsequent grouting of wall tiles with grout is allowed 24 hours after facing.

The quality of the lined surfaces must meet the following requirements:

Lined surfaces must comply with the specified geometric shapes;

The material and pattern of the cladding correspond to the project;

Surfaces tiled with one-color tiles must be one-color;

Horizontal and vertical seams must be of the same type and uniform;

The space between the wall and the cladding is completely filled with mortar;

The lined surface as a whole must be rigid, not have chips in the seams of more than 0.5 mm, cracks, stains and streaks of the mortar;

To determine the plane and verticality of the cladding, the walls are suspended - the smallest thickness of the leveling layer of plaster is determined. The scheme of hanging the surface is shown in fig.1

First, along the top of the wall, stepping back 15 cm from the ceiling and 5-6 cm from the corners of the adjacent walls, nails 1 and 2 are hammered in, but not completely, but a distance of 1.5-2 cm is left from the caps to the wall, corresponding to the expected thickness of the lining. A cord is pulled over the heads of these nails and nail 3 is driven in in the middle of it so that its head touches the cord. Then a plumb line is lowered from the head of nail 1 and nail 4 is finished off, and in the middle between nails 1 and 4, nail 5. Next, a plumb line is lowered from nails 2 and 3 and finished off nails 6 and 8, then 7 and 9. The heads of all nails should be in one plane.

Tiles are cut using manual fixture– tile cutter (see photo no. 14, 15, 16). To cut thin strips of tiles, use a grinder with a cutting nozzle. (see photo No. 17)

If there should be a hole in the middle of the tile, it is made with a drill with a special attachment and diamond drill bits. If the hole is on the edge of the tile, make it with wire cutters. After marking the hole and drawing the shape of the notch on the tile (from the glazed side), I break off piece by piece with wire cutters.

For the final installation, the tiles are guided by the lighthouse tiles and the cord stretched from above. With light strokes with the handle of the spatula, the tile is upset to the desired level of the row along the cord (Fig. 2, 3). The mortar must completely fill the entire space between the tile and the wall surface.

Rice. 2 Fig. 3

In order for the seams between the tiles to be of the same thickness, plastic crosses are installed between the tiles. (see photo no. 18). After the solution has hardened, the crosses are removed (see photo No. 19). In the process of work, the laid rows of tiles are systematically checked by the level (see photo No. 20), applying it diagonally to the tiles. In the process of facing, the seams between the tiles are left unfilled, which contributes to a faster hardening of the mortar. To fill the seams, a grout mixture is used. Before filling the joints, the surface of the cladding is cleaned of traces of the solution, first with a damp, then with a dry rag. Seams are filled with a plastic spatula.

Facing surfaces with glazed tiles should be carried out in compliance with safety regulations in accordance with SNiP - "Safety in Construction". Particular attention should be paid to the following:

Facing work should be carried out in rubber gloves to protect hands from contact with the solution,

Break off the edges of ceramic tiles, punch and drill holes should be in goggles and gloves.

K category: Facing works

Wall cladding with glazed cement mortar tiles

General information. The walls in the rooms are partially or completely lined with glazed ceramic tiles.

Rows of tiles are placed on the surface to be lined staggered (Fig. 1, a) with offset vertical seams in each horizontal row; seam to seam (Fig. 1, b) with a rectangular grid of horizontal and vertical seams; diagonally (Fig. 1, c) with mutually perpendicular seam lines running obliquely to the floor plane.

Wall cladding begins with hanging - temporary fixing of a vertical surface with marks from mortar or nails. The height of each brand is 7-15 mm, which corresponds to the mortar layer under the facing tiles. Separate surface irregularities and deviations from the vertical of more than 15 mm are corrected with cement mortar without smoothing and grouting. On the concrete surfaces for better fastening tiles make a notch. The surfaces to be lined are cleaned of mortar streaks, dirt, dust and washed with water. Grease stains are removed by washing the contaminated surface with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution or a 5% soda ash solution.

Cover marking. First, the contours of the surface to be coated are determined. The bottom of the cladding is placed at the level of the finished floor. To do this, lay out the first row dry, starting from the middle of the wall, and determine the required number of tiles.

To determine the vertical contours of the surface to be lined, steel pins are driven in at opposite ends of the wall above the top of the future lining (Fig. 2). Cords are pulled from them along a plumb line, which are fixed to pins clogged near the floor. These cords, fixing the direction of the vertical seam and the side edges of the cladding, are retained until the end of the work. A gap less than the thickness of the corner shaped tile is left between the adjoining wall and the stretched cord. Despite the fact that the edge of the lining will not reach the cord by 3-4 mm, this will not interfere with checking the verticality of the seam.

In a room where floors are not laid, the lower beacon row of wall cladding is supported by a rail, the height of which is equal to the thickness of the floor. The tiles are laid along a stretched mooring cord attached to the pins, after which the position of horizontal and vertical seams is marked. After checking the surface of the cladding, beacons will be installed in the corners, retreating from the corners by the width of the tile. If the length of the surface to be lined is more than 4 m, intermediate beacons are installed. Lighthouse tiles are fixed with cement mortar along top corners of the facing surface at the beginning and at the end of the upper and middle rows of the lining and align with a vertical cord installed in the plane of the lower beacon row.

Rice. 2. Wall cladding staggered (a), seam to seam (b) and diagonally (c) 1-steel pins, 2 - a cord stretched along a plumb line, 3 - a rail installed at field level, 4 - beacon tiles, 5 - pin for attaching the mooring, 6 -- mooring cord

Rice. 3. Wall cladding in rooms

Wall cladding is carried out from the bottom up in horizontal rows. In each row, first install the extreme tiles and pull the mooring cord over them. When installing tiles, the verticality of the seams is controlled, and the surface of the cladding is checked by the rule. In the same order, the tiles of the remaining rows are laid.

Laying tiles. Before facing, the surface of the wall is moistened with water using a brush-brush. This will reduce the absorption of moisture from the mortar layer and increase the adhesion strength of the cladding to the base. Before laying, the back surface of the tile is cleaned of dust with a damp cloth, and then the same side is carried out over the solution (Fig. 4, a) in the box. Such processing of the back side of the tile increases the strength of adhesion to the mortar layer. Then, a solution in the form of a truncated pyramid is applied to one of the corners of the back side. Excess mortar is cut off with a spatula (Fig. 4, b) so that when laying under the tile there are no voids left.

To apply a uniform layer of mortar to the tiles, use a template frame (Fig. 4, c) with a square hole 145 X 145 mm in size, framed from below with sides 15 mm high. A solution is applied to the tile pressed against the sides of the template, leveling the surface with the edge of the blade (Fig. 4, d). At the same time, breaks 5 mm wide not filled with mortar remain along the edges of the back side of the tile (Fig. 4, e).

The tile with the mortar in a horizontal position is brought to the place of laying, and then 6bitTpo, but carefully, is turned over (Fig. 100, a), applying it first with the corner where the mortar is applied, and then with the entire plane. The tile is oriented along the previously laid rows and along the mooring cord stretched at the top. With light strokes of the blade handle, the tile is upset (Fig. 5, b) to the level of the laid lining. The mortar protruding from under the tile is cut with a spatula or spatula (Fig. 6) and put back into the mortar box.

Walls with widened seams up to 3 mm are faced with staples or nails. They are laid between the horizontal and vertical edges of the tiles. Insert one staple or two nails into each seam. The staples are removed after the mortar under the tile has set (usually after 15-20 tiles have been installed). When pulled out, the pointed ends of the brackets do not move the installed tile. To work, a tiler needs 30-40 inventory staples. Seams in those places where nails or staples were installed are filled with mortar.

Facing shaped products. Facing adjacent walls with shaped tiles begins with the installation of corner products. The vertical cord is removed, and the edge of the laid out lining is used as a guide plane. The solution is applied to each tile and to the corner of the wall.

Rice. 4. Applying the solution to back side tiles using a spatula (a, b) and a template frame (c - e): a - moistening the back surface with a solution, b - leveling the solution with a spatula, c - applying the tile to the bottom of the template, d - leveling the applied mortar, e - tile, prepared for laying; 1 - mortar, 2 - tile, 3 - layer of mortar on the back of the tile, 4 - box with mortar, 5 - template frame, 6 - template side, 7 - strips not filled with mortar

Rice. 5. Installing tiles (a, 6) and adjusting the thickness of the joints (c) with inventory brackets (1)

Rice. 6. Auxiliary tools and equipment for wall cladding: a - brush-brush, b - pneumatic suction for holding tiles, c - hammer-pick, d - wire cutters, d - loosening with a set of curly canvases, e - spatula with a rubberized handle, w - tiler's table; 1 - opening for storing tiles, 2, 3 - compartments for mortar, water or mastic

Rice. 7. Wall cladding with shaped tiles: 1 - straight plinth tiles, 2 - cornice tiles, 3, 5 - cornice corners for external and internal corners, 4, 7 - ordinary corners for rounding the outer and inner corners, 6 - square tiles with blockage, 8.9 - plinth corners for inner and outer corners

Shaped plinth tiles (Fig. 7) are installed starting from the outer corners. They are laid on a tiled floor and fixed to the wall with mortar. Partial cladding of extended walls is completed vertical stripe from square tiles with a heap.

In places where pipes are passed, installation of sockets, tiles with holes are laid. They are pierced with a pickaxe hammer and expanded to right size nippers or drilled using a special device.

The top of the lined surface of the walls is completed with cornice tiles (Fig. 7). First, the extreme tiles are installed, and then the intermediate ones along the stretched mooring cord. The seams of the cornice tiles must match the vertical seams of the cladding.

During cladding, the seams between the tiles are left unfilled. This speeds up the hardening process of the mortar layer. The seams are finally finished with cement mortar (composition 1:1 or 1:2). To do this, the seams are first embroidered with interchangeable linen, and then filled with mortar. The finished surface is washed with water using a brush or sponge and wiped with a rag.

Before proceeding with the wall cladding on cement mortar, they are hung with a plumb line or

sheer rail. Then, on the facing surface, control tiles are fixed with gypsum mortar, which determine the level of the future lining (the so-called beacons or marks).

If the surface is small, four beacons will suffice, located one at the top and bottom corners surfaces. First, they put one, then, determining the correctness of the plane using the rule (flat rail) and the level, the second (horizontally). The third and fourth beacons are adjusted in the same way. This takes into account the thickness of the solution of the entire future lining - 10-15 mm. If the surface has large area, beacons are located at least 50 cm apart.

Then along the edges of the wall you need to put plumb slats ( wooden block section approximately 40 x 40 mm and length 2 m). These rails are needed to attach a horizontal guide cord to them; tiles are installed under the cord. At the end of the lining of the entire surface of the slats, they should be removed and their place filled with mortar tiles.

The amount of mortar must be sufficient to fill the entire space between the tiles and the surface to be coated. In order for the width of the seams to be the same throughout the cladding, it is recommended to use wedges as a template, having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the seam (they are pulled out after the mortar has hardened). In cases where the cladding is done before the flooring of clean floors, it is necessary to lay under the first row of tiles wooden lath(at the level of the future clean floor).

The solution is placed on the back side of the tile in the form of a truncated pyramid and pressed against the wall. It is necessary to ensure that when planting the tile and settling the mortar evenly fills the space under the entire tile.

Excess mortar, squeezed out along the edges of the tile, is cut off with a trowel, the tile is brought in a horizontal position to the wall and applied to the previously installed tile at the corner from which the mortar was previously cut (Fig. 54).

The thickness of the mortar should not exceed 15 mm, otherwise, when settling, water is released from it, remains between the mortar layer and the tile, reducing their adhesion.

It is also not recommended to lay tiles and mortar, the layer of which is thinner than 7 mm, since the base and the tile itself quickly suck water out of it, making the mortar almost dry. It is for this reason that you should always dampen each tile before sticking it to the wall.

After the mortar has hardened and the tile has held sufficiently firmly, you need to clear the horizontal and vertical joints and fill them with a cement mortar prepared from 1 part cement and 1 part sand. Cement is better to use white, but you can use cement or gypsum dough. Ordinary gray cement is whitened with chalk or lime powder.

The seams are filled with a grater or a figured spatula, which must be covered with thin porous rubber (Fig. 55). Excess solution is again removed by wiping with a wet cloth.

Rice. 55. Curly spatula

On a note. This article is posted as a basic (repair) tiling of walls. Some points, for example, the use of cement mortar, are obsolete, because today there are many tiled adhesive compositions for various conditions applications. However, tiling technology is still used today.

Facing the surface of the walls protects them from moisture, mechanical damage and other harmful effects, increases durability. Facing, satisfying hygiene requirements, ensures the maintenance of the necessary standards of cleanliness, creating convenience for cleaning. Facing increases the aesthetic quality of the premises, makes it more beautiful.

Glazed ceramic tiles widely used in cladding interior spaces residential and public buildings(for example, baths, bathrooms, wash basins, kitchens, etc.), where it is necessary to comply with increased requirements for cleanliness and hygienic conditions.

Glazed ceramic tiles are produced different colors, the most common is white, blue, green and other colors with various patterns are also known.

General requirements for preparing surfaces for cladding.

Before cladding, the quality of the finished structure is checked. In the premises where the cladding is being carried out, plastering, carpentry and sanitary works must be completed. Built-in baths must be equipped; in pools, showers prepared walls for cladding.

The surface to be coated must be vertical and even. It should be free of mortar residues and other contaminants. In brick walls, the mortar from the external joints is selected to a depth of 0.5 cm to ensure better adhesion to the cladding. To fix the steel mesh and wooden plugs, cement mortar is used. Pipes and wooden wedges placed in the walls must be in the plane of the unplastered wall, the ends of the pipes - in the plane of the finished cladding.

Rice. 28. Waterproofing of brick and plank facing wall
1 - ceramic tile lining; 2- metal grid, fixed with nails; 3 - waterproofing layer; 4 - solution layer, 2-3 cm; 5 - Brick wall; 6 - plank wall

The bath is positioned so that the future lining touches the raised edges of the sides facing the walls. Water pipes placed inside the wall, as well as heating pipes outside the wall, are pressed before the start of facing work, so that when leaks do not have to destroy the lining. Door frame flashings and glass walls must overlap the wall cladding by at least 5 mm.

Preparing walls for facing.

Bearing structures are most often brick or concrete. A wall with vertical waterproofing is lined over a cement-mesh coating, enclosed by a quarter-brick wall (Fig. 28, a and b).

For better adhesion to the insulation, coarse sand is thrown onto a hot surface covered with hot bitumen. The mesh is fixed with a solution, so as not to damage the insulation. A more complicated, but more durable solution is when the insulation is protected by an additional wall. For massive walls, the insulation is installed so that the surface of the cladding is located in the plane of the wall to be clad. Waterproofing, together with the wall protecting it, is made of such a height that moisture does not get in from above.

The cladding of plank walls is carried out on a pre-insulated base, on which a steel mesh is fixed.

A layer of plaster with a rough surface is applied over it, which is then lined (Fig. 28, c).

Wall cladding with cement mortar

Room preparation. Prior to the beginning of facing works, doors, furniture and other objects, the surface of which may be stained with a solution, are protected with paper, boards, polymer film.

Enameled bathtubs and shower trays, when tiled, can be damaged by mortar, shards of tiles or tools, so they are protected by protective shields.

Particularly carefully lead the brickwork of the bath and shower tray; neglect of these solutions leads to the overflow of water over the edge of the bathtub and its penetration through the ceiling. When installing bathtubs, make sure that water falling on the wall cladding always drains into the bathtub. To do this, the bathtub is docked with the adjacent walls so that the wall cladding runs along the middle of the bulge of the bathtub sides or 3-5 mm closer to the inner surface of the sides (Fig. 29).

If installed incorrectly, a layer of mortar under the tile of 20 mm does not allow the cladding plane to be in the middle of the bulge of the bathtub edge. Such a defect is corrected by plastering the wall. If the gap between the bathroom and the wall is more than 4-5 cm, this gap is covered with a row of tiles with a slope of 4-5% towards the panel. Inclined tiles (see Fig. 29, c) go under the vertical lining and should not be butt-jointed with it.

Preparation of the solution and its application.

For wall mounting facing tiles use cement mortar or cement mortar with the addition of polyvinyl acetate dispersion.

The composition of the cement mortar includes: river sand; cement (grade 300 or 400).

Sand for the preparation of the solution must be clean and free of impurities. For 1 m of sand, 250 kg of cement grade 300 or 200 kg grade 400 are required.

The prepared solution should be plastic (the consistency of thick sour cream), i.e. provide good adhesion to the tiles and to the wall.

The preparation of the mortar begins with mixing precisely dosed volumes of sand and cement. Water is poured into the mixture, mixed dry in the mortar box, in small portions so that the solution does not become too liquid. The solution is prepared taking into account that it should be used up within half a working day, before the prepared mixture has time to set.

Pairing wall cladding with flooring. Wall cladding is done before floors are installed. At the level of future flooring

Rice. 29. Pairing vertical wall cladding with a bathtub:
a - wrong; b and c are correct

with the help of a level, they strengthen the rail, from the top of which the lining is led. The rail is installed on a compacted, rigid base or attached to the wall.

If the cladding is done with a plinth, it is made of ceramic or mosaic tiles before the start of the main cladding.

Ways of bandaging the seams of the cladding, cutting the seams, the shape of the tiles.

Tiling is carried out without dressing and with dressing of seams (Fig. 30). A more decorative surface of tiling without ligation of seams (with the same size of tiles).

With different sizes of tiles, they are laid with open seams (waste). With a joint width of 3-6 mm, you can hide the difference in the size of the tiles up to 2 mm, and with a width of 7-10 mm, you can also use large tolerances in the dimensions of the tiles.

Wasted cladding, in addition to decorative advantages, compares favorably with material savings from cladding with closed seams(especially with ligation of sutures), as well as ease of repair.

The uniformity of the empty joints along the course of the cladding is ensured by the insertion of glass strips between the tiled tiles. The thickness of the glass must match the thickness of the seams.

High quality lining is also possible when it is performed with dressing of seams. If you sort tiles of the same height in advance, then the horizontal seams will be even. Vertical intermittent shock allows you to hide the difference in the size of the tiles in width.

Rice. 30. Wall tiling
I- tiles 15x15 cm; a - without dressing the seams; b - with dressing of seams; P - glazed ceramic tiles 15x7.5 cm; in-without dressing of seams; g - with dressing of seams

The decorativeness of the cladding is largely determined by the quality of the work performed. The veneered surface must look satisfactory under different lighting conditions, otherwise the effect of its appearance. When light falls on the cladding at an angle (1-10°), small protrusions on the surface form a shadow of several centimeters. Therefore, near the light source is placed

the smoothest tiles that should not sink in relation to the plane of the cladding. This is especially important when the cladding is perpendicular to the plane of the window near the wall.

Sorting, layout of tiles.

To obtain a beautiful durable cladding and save materials, it is necessary to pre-lay out the tiles on the surface to be tiled.
Facing at the edge of the wall begins with whole tiles, leaving the trim at the corners. The cladding is also carried out from the doors, and if necessary, the tiles in the corners of the walls are cut, with the exception of cases when the space above is also veneered. door frame. It is desirable that the width of the window and doorways was a multiple of the tile width.

When facing ceilings, which is performed without dressing the seams, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical seams along the wall and along the ceiling coincide. In this case, the parallelism of the seams on opposite walls must be ensured.

Cutting tiles, drilling holes.

Cutting is performed with a glass cutter, scratching the tile from edge to edge. Then, with a sharp movement of the hands, they break it into two parts. If you need to cut off a narrow strip, then it is bitten with wire cutters along the cut line (scratches). Then the edge of the fault is leveled on an emery stone. Holes of large diameter are carefully punched sharp end tiler's hammer. First, with light blows, a layer of glaze is knocked down along the contour of the intended hole, then small holes are drilled along this line with a manual or electric drill, while the tile should be supported by the entire plane. With a hole diameter of more than 8 cm, it is necessary to cut the tile into two parts passing through the center of the hole, after which semicircles are bitten out of these parts. When passing hot water or heating pipes through the lining, holes are made with a gap of 2-3 mm between the tile and the pipe surface to take into account possible temperature deformations.

Wall tiling.

Before starting work, the wall to be lined is moistened with cement milk. A solution is applied to the back of the tile, distributing it evenly towards the edges. After cutting off the mortar from three sides, the tile is applied to the wall surface.

So much mortar is laid on the back side of the tile so that it protrudes from the plane of the cladding by 1-2 mm. Then the tile is pressed against the wall, aligning with the plane of the cladding. Good compaction of the mortar under the tiles guarantees the strength of the cladding. This is achieved with one or two strokes of the tiler's trowel's handle. However, repeated tapping causes the solution to vibrate and form a liquid layer on its surface, which leads to the tile slipping.

After laying all rows with the help of a level, the horizontalness of the edges of the tiles is controlled. Irregularities are eliminated by inserting a small strip of glass between the tiles with a metal spatula and leveling the top edge of the tiles. The minimum width of vertical and horizontal joints is 1 mm. The width of the seams in each case is prescribed by the project. Vertical seams in width are corrected with a metal spatula. After finishing the seams, remove the excess mortar squeezed out when pressing the tiles against the wall. It is used to eliminate imperfections.

Having laid a number of tiles, they control their verticality and placement in the plane. Having attached the rail to the lighthouse tiles in a diagonal direction, they correct the tiles that do not lie in the plane of the cladding. Then check the horizontality of all rows. Top edges some rows are held with a stretched cord.

Compliance with the above measures guarantees high-quality wall cladding.

Wall cladding on polymer-cement mastic PC

Polymer cement mastic is used for facing vertical surfaces with ceramic tiles. Such mastic is a plastic mixture of cement mortar, closed aqueous solution polyvinyl acetate dispersion (1:1 ratio). Facing is carried out in successive rows "from bottom to top". Mastic is applied to the back of the tile with a steel spatula. Then the tile is pressed against the surface of the wall, leaving the seams unfilled, which are filled with cement mortar in a day.

ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY
under the Moscow City Executive Committee

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

FOR COVERING
INTERIOR SURFACES
GLAZED CERAMIC
TILE

Moscow - 1982

Typical technological map for cladding internal surfaces glazed ceramic tiles designed by production technology design department finishing works trust Mosorgstroy (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Department of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (I.G. Kozin).

Please send comments on the map to the Mosorgstroy trust at the address: 113095, Moscow, B. Polyanka, 51a.

. APPLICATION AREA

Glazed tiles are cut with a cutter with a carbide insert.

For drilling in glazed ceramic tiles round holes required to pass water pipes, use a tool for drilling holes (SKV "Mosstroy") or a tile cutter.

The tile with the mortar is brought in a horizontal position to the installation site, and then quickly and carefully turned over into vertical position and pressed against the surface to be lined (Fig.).

For the final installation, the tiles are guided by the lighthouse tiles and the cord stretched from above. With light strokes with the handle of the spatula, the tile is upset to the desired level of the row along the cord (Fig.). The mortar must completely fill the entire space between the tile and the wall surface.

In order for the seams between the tiles to be of the same thickness, inventory brackets are installed between the tiles, made of steel wire 3 mm thick with ends sawn into a cone (to prevent the tiles from shifting when the bracket is pulled out) (Fig.). Staples are installed between the horizontal edges of the tiles (Fig.).

In the process of work, the stacked rows of tiles are systematically checked by the rule, applying it to the lined part of the wall and to one of the upper lighthouse tiles.

Corner shaped tiles are used for facing corners. Shaped plinth tiles are fixed to the wall with mortar, setting them directly on the tiled floor.

When laying the cornice row Special attention turn to its horizontal position. First, two extreme cornice tiles are laid and a cord is pulled over them, then intermediate cornice tiles are laid strictly along the cord.

Tiles of the first horizontal row are mounted on a support rail. A layer of mastic is applied to the back of the tile with a tile spatula and immediately discarded (Fig.). Then, a layer of mastic 2-5 mm thick is applied to the greased surface of the tile with a metal notched trowel (or tile spatula), depending on the degree of evenness of the facing surface.

A tile with a layer of mastic is applied to the primed surface and pressed tightly (Fig.); at the same time, make sure that there are no voids and air bubbles under the tile.

2.20 . The schedule for the performance of work by a link of tilers in the amount of 100 m 2 of cladding.

Scope of work - 100 m 2 of surface

. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS (per 100 m 2 cladding)

A. Facing with glazed mortar tiles (according to ENiR § 8-20)

labor costs, man-hours - 135

production, m 2 - 6.7

B. Facing with glazed tiles on PC mastic (UNiR, issue 2, § 2-32)

labor costs, man-hours - 85

production, m 2 - 9.4

. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1 . Ceramic fired glazed tiles are produced in accordance with GOST 6141-76 in square, rectangular and shaped shapes. Permissible deviations from the dimensions of the tiles should not be more than:

±1.2 mm - along the length of the faces;

±0.2 mm - by the size of the radius.

Tiles must have the correct geometric shape, clear edges and corners.

The front surface of the tiles can be evenly covered with one-color or multi-color glaze. back side tiles should have a clear corrugated surface that provides reliable adhesion to the solution. The height of the corrugation must be at least 0.3 mm. The reverse side of each tile must bear the trademark of the manufacturer.

Tiles are packed in wooden lattice boxes, stacking them tightly one to the other. Tiles are transported in containers designed by SKB "Mosstroy", subject to ensuring their safety from mechanical damage and moisture. At the facility, tiles should be stored indoors separately by type, grade, size, color and pattern. The height of the stack of tiles should not exceed 1.0 m.

Mortars used in the production of tile work are prepared centrally at mortar plants and units. The composition of the mortar for cladding is as follows: a mortar of brand 75 with a composition of 1:6 (cement: sand) with a cement grade of 400 or a composition of 3:8 with a cement grade of 500-600. To increase plasticity, a plasticizer is introduced - mylonaft in an amount of 0.05 - 0.1% by weight of cement. The solution must correspond to the immersion of a standard cone by 5 - 6 cm. Polymer cement mastic (PC).

PC mastic is prepared directly at the construction site (before use) in a mixing solution.

The composition of the mastic includes (in parts by weight) coarse polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion (GOST 1899-73) - 1, water - 2.3 and a dry cement-sand mixture of grade 150 to a working consistency. The working consistency of the mastic should correspond to the immersion of a standard cone by 7 - 8 cm.

4.2 . Consumption of materials per 100 m 2 of lined surface:

glazed tiles, m 2 - 100

cement-sand mortar, m 3 - 1.5

mastic PC, kg - 582

4.3 . The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is given in the table: