Boilers are water-heating. Water tube and fire tube boilers

For the second century, fire-tube equipment has been serving humanity. powerful models they are used in heating systems in animal husbandry, in production, in construction organizations and military units, more compact ones - in cottages, apartments and summer cottages. The modernized fire-tube boiler is distinguished by an improved design, which allows increasing its productivity without changing the dimensions of the unit, provided that the internal pressure has parameters higher than atmospheric.

Design and purpose of fire-tube boilers

Appearance equipment can be different, but the horizontal design of a cylindrical shape is more common. A single-burner unit consists of two cylinder tanks, one of which is hidden inside the other. Both segments communicate with each other by means of a steam collector and flanges. On the front end there is a firebox, on the back - pipe outlets. In order for the combustion process to occur in steam models, a forced air supply is necessary. Air is supplied under the grate by a fan fixed on the front platform. Coal, diesel or gas fired equipment has a burner and a flue pipe.

Scheme of a pellet fire-tube three-way boiler

Steel is considered the best heat exchanger, since it is not subject to corrosive destruction and does not deform over time from temperature changes.

Video: How to choose a boiler for your home? Fire tube boiler Roda RK2

During the operation of the boiler, steam is obtained, the temperature of which does not exceed 110-115˚С, and the pressure is not more than 0.07 MPa. Steam with such indicators is suitable for arranging a heating system at home or for starting production processes, for example, cooking food. The choice of fuel depends on the model of the boiler and on the convenience of use. Such fuel as firewood or coal is used less and less often, cheaper types are used - gas, fuel oil, diesel.

According to this scheme, one can judge the dimensions of fire-tube boilers, which are used in industrial production

Fire tube equipment is chosen not only because of its ease of use. It has a clear design, and in the event of a breakdown or wear, it can be quickly repaired. For many, safety is important - if you follow the instructions, then trouble will not happen. However, do not forget that any gas or steam equipment requires compliance with safety regulations.

This is how the gas duct looks like in a three-way fire-tube boiler

The main advantage of fire tube hot water and steam models is high power with very modest dimensions. In addition, the operation of the unit can be automated by connecting the appropriate devices:

• air outlets;
• water pressure sensors;
• manometer;
• thermometer;
• Control block.

Fuel in tubular-type structures burns out almost completely, due to which the efficiency of the device reaches 92-93%. The units are beneficial to use in regions with adverse climatic conditions: thermal power large enough, and heat loss is minimal.

Video: Overview of the long-burning fire-tube boiler DTM

The principle of operation of water heating equipment

Like any furnace, the boiler runs on one of the types of fuel that is loaded or fed through pipes into the furnace. When a fuel, such as coal or gas, is burned, thermal energy. In a conventional heating furnace, it is given to the body, heating the surrounding air, in a boiler - to a heat carrier (for example, water), and the heat exchanger is the mediator.

The furnace part is surrounded by a water "jacket", which is a cooling tool. The smoke obtained during the combustion process enters the bundle of pipes in the rear end, rises up and exits.

A sample of a hot water boiler for heating systems - products of the Uralteplokomplekt company

As it heats up, the water turns into steam and rises to upper part tank where the steam chamber is located. From there, it flows through pipes, which are called a steam pipeline, in various directions to heat housing or participate in technological processes. As you can see, the principle of operation of a fire-tube boiler is simple and obeys the laws of physics.

There are two categories of fire tube devices, one of which operates due to heated steam, the second heats the coolant - water. Depending on the purpose, both types may differ structurally and have features that affect their use.

Video: Boiler operation process

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of fire-tube hot water boilers is their autonomy: with the help of available equipment, you can assemble an easy-to-use and perfectly functioning heating system. If necessary, the device can heat the volume of water required for hot water supply country house or cottages. Of course, a lot depends on the choice of fuel, so before buying, you need to focus on models that run on a specific type, for example, on liquid fuel.

Also, fuel and material of manufacture affect the guaranteed service life. heating device- from 20 to 50 years. This is usually true, since water heating equipment is easy to repair. Automation, which is equipped with most modern models, allows you to adjust the outlet temperature or maintain it in one constant value.

The disadvantage is usually considered the need for constant maintenance: after a certain time, you have to load a new portion of fuel. This is especially true for models that run on coal, wood, fuel oil, diesel. From time to time it is necessary to clean - remove ash and slag, free pipes from soot.

How steam boilers work

The main part of fire-tube steam boilers has a special structure, in which the main role is played by a three-way heat exchanger. Gases, moving through the pipes inside the water "jacket", make three moves:

• 1 - in the combustion chamber, that is, in the furnace compartment, where the temperature reaches a maximum;
• 2 - in the flame pipeline of the second pass, which can be used to drain hot water into the water supply system;
• 3 - in the flame tubes of the third pass, which are used for heating system.

The movement of gases (steam) is provided by two factors: the operation of the fan and the draft from the chimney. Owners of steam devices need to control the water level, which is unstable. Some of the evaporating water settles inside the structure in the form of condensate; for its collection there is a special collecting element - a separator. His work protects the structure from water hammer and rapid wear.

Combustion products exit through the flue pipes into the fireplace part, then into the chimney

Most of steam devices are used in industrial processes where high energy efficiency is required: it creates a large number of heat for fuel tanks, turbines or deaerators.

The process of the boiler can be traced according to this scheme.

Operation features

It is necessary to maintain the fire tube device in time and monitor its stability, first of all, for the purposes of personal safety and maintaining the integrity of the equipment. Safety requirements are usually specified in the instructions for use. The main points are the following:

• Mineral deposits and scale are the result of using water as a heat carrier. They are the causes of breakdowns of both steam and water heaters. Due to the design features of the pipeline structure, deposits accumulate unevenly inside the structure and cause overheating of the heat exchanger.
• Fire-tube boilers use more water than, say, water-tube equipment, and this increases their risk of explosion.
• The structure of the pipes causes a decrease in the speed of the coolant and, as a result, causes the appearance of stagnant zones.

The fire tube steam boiler is able to serve a small business or several residential buildings.

Maintenance consists in the timely replacement of steel heat exchangers, regular technical cleaning and control over the operation of the fire tube device. Following the instructions allows you to save the original technical characteristics of the boiler and increase the service life.

Fire-tube boilers KV manufactured by LLC "Altai Boiler Plant" can operate in two modes: steam and hot water. Switching between modes is carried out through the electrical panel. fire tube hot water boilers production of the Altai Boiler Plant operate on solid fuel. In the combustion boiler model solid fuel a fixed grate is installed.

The fire-tube boiler KV is a single-flame horizontal structure and consists of two cylinders of different diameters, inserted one into the other and interconnected by flanges and a steam collector. A firebox is located in the front part of the flame tube, and a convective tube bundle is located in the rear part. A cast-iron front plate is attached to the front side of the fire-tube boiler, which has a mount for installing a fan, which serves to force air into the grate space and speed up the combustion process.

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Fire tube water heating equipment is quite common all over the world. Fire tube boilers first appeared in the 19th century. The design was created in order to increase the performance of steam equipment without increasing the size of the unit and its shape.

Their widespread use is currently due to ease of use, ease of repair and maintenance work, as well as the possibility of using in the presence of pressure inside the structure above atmospheric.

The principle of operation and design features

A fire-tube boiler is a subspecies of gas-tube equipment, in which the surface consists of a certain amount flame tubes inside which a specific type of fuel moves.

There are two main classes of equipment:

• fire tube steam boilers. They foresee the heating of the coolant using steam. Inside for these purposes, special tanks are placed.
• Fire tube hot water boilers. Unlike the previous version, where it is forbidden to heat the steam space of the unit with gases in order to prevent a high level of wall heating, this type of mechanism provides for heating the entire body with water.

Most often, fire-tube equipment has enough simple design- a cylindrical body, which is located horizontally. Depending on the type and class inside the unit may be located hot water or steam and water class volumes and tanks.

The principle of operation of a fire-tube boiler is quite simple. At the front end of all flame tubes there is a pressure-type burner that can burn gas or liquid fuel. Due to this, the flame tube becomes a special combustion chamber, where almost all the fuel going into the device burns out.

As for steam fire-tube boilers, such models often have a three-way heat exchanger. This means that before being directly released to the outside, the gases make three passes through the flame tubes, which are washed by water. The first step is the combustion chamber.

The temperature index is the highest there. In the area of ​​the chamber, the gases change their path and enter the flame tubes of the second pass, and from there into the flame tubes of the third pass. The movement pattern is carried out and directed by the operation of the fan inside the unit structure, as well as natural draft chimney.

The water level in the tank of a similar model of a fire-tube steam boiler is unstable. During operation, part of the water boils and enters the interior of the structure in the form of steam, where small drops are separated using a special component - a separator. This process is mandatory. Otherwise, water hammer will occur, which will adversely affect the operation of steam equipment.

The design of a fire-tube hot water boiler consists of a body, front and rear covers, pipes for removing flue gases from the unit and supports. The body design itself includes a chamber represented by a flame tube with a rounded bottom, a convection zone, a front chamber of the unit and supports. Additionally, the fire tube boiler is covered thermal insulation materials.

Gases that are formed in the flame tube during combustion specific type fuel, change their direction of movement and return to the front heating equipment. After the heat is transferred to the coolant, they are brought out through the chimney.

The design of a steam or hot water fire-tube boiler may be different. The location and configuration of various components of the equipment, including flame tubes, may differ from different manufacturers, as well as depending on the purpose and dimensions of the unit.

Features and Benefits

Fire-tube boilers are widely used in various fields due to the following characteristics:

• The presence of a simple design and ease of use with it.
• Availability of several types of equipment, including hot water and steam.
• The presence of areas with a high rate of heat stress.
• Optimum safety level for fire-tube boilers.
• High power output with compact dimensions.
• Availability of heating equipment to ensure automatic operation. This is achieved through the use additional devices: pressure gauge, air vent, thermometer, water pressure sensor, etc.
• Stable operation of the burner on the fire tubes of the boiler without the problem of flame pulsation.
• The use of steel for the heat exchanger allows steam and hot water fire tube boilers to be protected from corrosion and temperature extremes.

Despite some controversy, this species heating equipment, both steam and hot water type, is widely used in European countries in the industrial field.

Among the factors that affect this indicator, the following can be distinguished:

• The large volume of water used in fire-tube boilers makes it possible to maintain a stable outlet temperature.
• The low rate of hydraulic resistance of steam or hot water fire-tube units directly affects the reduction in operating costs.
• The flame tube of the boiler ensures almost 100% fuel combustion, which ensures high rate Efficiency reaching over 90%.
• High level the thermal power of steam or water-heating equipment allows to reduce the amount of heat loss of the structure in the presence of adverse climatic conditions.

As for the disadvantages of fire tube units, this can be attributed to their relatively high explosiveness, which is explained by the design features of the unit, in particular fire tubes. However, subject to all the rules and regulations for the use of equipment, steam and hot water fire-tube boilers will be absolutely safe and reliable in operation.

Operation features

> Considering the high safety requirements for fire-tube boilers, which is directly affected by their design with the presence of flame tubes, when operating steam and hot water fire-tube boilers, you need to know the following:

• The presence of flame tubes leads to the fact that the speed of the coolant in steam and hot water fire tube units is small, which leads to the formation of stagnant zones inside the unit.
• The amount of water in fire-tube boilers is much greater than that of water-tube water-heating equipment. This makes the unit more explosive.
• The main reason for the breakdown of water heating or steam units is the formation different deposits and boil. Considering design features equipment, in particular the presence of flame tubes, scale in the units accumulates unevenly, causing overheating of the heat exchanger.

In order to prevent an explosion, these units must be repaired in time and maintenance. All unusable parts, including flame tubes, must be replaced in time. During use, you must not go beyond the operating limits and strictly follow all the instructions prescribed in the instructions and technical specifications fire tube boilers.

Possibility of converting equipment to gas

Most often, steam or water-heating fire-tube devices are used to supply hot water residential buildings and businesses. Quite often this type of equipment is used in industrial enterprises and organizations. At the same time, in order to increase efficiency, fire-tube boilers often switch to gas.

To implement this option, additional components must be installed inside the equipment. Mandatory elements are gas-burners low pressure which can be replaced by a special kind of medium pressure injection type burners. You will also need to remove the grate. Its main purpose in fire-tube boilers is the combustion of solid fuels, however, since this is not necessary in the presence of gas, it can be removed.

A necessary moment is also the dismantling of the front tile and the installation of a new version. This process can be avoided by installing injection burners with a stabilizer.

As for the reasonableness of transferring a fire-tube boiler to gas, there is no unequivocal opinion among professionals. Some consider this option quite acceptable and reliable, while others suggest replacing it with alternative units. In any case, with properly drunken work, the equipment will work reliably and with optimal technical performance.

The only drawback of such manipulations is that after switching to gas, fire-tube boilers may experience heating of the burner nozzle, which is accompanied by combustion pulsation, soft pops, crackling and flame ejection.

Since the conversion of a fire-tube boiler to gas is complex process requiring knowledge and certain skills, and taking into account the fact that possible errors in work can lead to the creation of an explosive situation, all work must be performed by specialists with the appropriate qualifications. Unauthorized intervention can create a dangerous situation for the owner of the equipment and his relatives.

Fire tube boilers are widely used in various fields. They have good indicator power, are easy to install, operate and maintain, and are also easy to repair work. A variety of models allows you to choose an option for any room and for the most different conditions. The main thing is to choose quality option and strictly follow the instruction manual.

The fire tube boiler is a device that has gained wide popularity among users. First of all, the simplicity of the device and the availability of its settings are attractive. Using such a boiler is not so difficult, and the efficiency of the device is many times higher.

However, ease of use should not exclude security requirements. Still, the heating system does not tolerate neglect of it.

The appearance of such equipment dates back to the 19th century. Surprisingly, to this day, the design, which has undergone natural changes, remains popular and in demand.

Boilers similar design are widely used both in private households and in industrial scale. If you are planning to organize a heating system in the house, such an option as a fire tube boiler should not be written off.

How does a fire tube boiler work?

When the first fire-tube boilers were created, their main task was to increase the productivity of steam equipment without significant changes in its design and dimensions. Today you can buy a modern turbotherm fire-tube boiler

Russian production on the company's website http://kep-project.ru/.

To date, the fire-tube design is a subspecies of gas-tube equipment, which consists of several pipes, inside of which there is fuel.

There are two main types of such boilers, each of which has its own principle of operation:

• fire-tube steam boilers;
• fire tube hot water boilers.

Depending on the manufacturer, the design of these boilers may have its own characteristics. Features of a complete set of components do not affect the efficiency of the equipment in any way. The purpose of the boiler also affects the equipment, dimensions and features of work.

Pros and cons of fire-tube heating boilers

Let's start, of course, with the advantages that such devices give us. Fire tube boilers have gained popularity in various industries, due to the peculiarities of their use.

The design of the boiler is simple and user-friendly, both in private and industrial scale.

In addition, boilers gained popularity due to the variety of types mentioned above.

• Fire tube boilers provide enough optimal level safety of use.
• The compactness of the device does not limit its power and performance.
• The operation of the boiler can be organized automatically by equipping it with additional control devices.
• You can install a thermometer, air vent, pressure sensor, pressure gauge on the system so that the boiler does its work automatically. At the same time, during operation, the burner does not have the problem of fire pulsation, which we can observe in the operation of other devices used for heating.
• Thanks to modern materials used for manufacturing, fire-tube boilers are not subject to corrosion and rust. This means that the heating system can work long years without endangering the heated room.

The disadvantages of boilers, especially in industrial use, include a high explosion hazard. Which, however, is not explained enough by the organization safe conditions operation.

Therefore, when choosing a fire-tube boiler for operation, it is necessary to take into account the basic requirements for its use. Due to the presence of flame tubes, safety requirements are particularly stringent. The operation of such boilers differs as follows:

• in steam and water-heating fire-tube boilers, the coolant moves at a much lower speed than in other heating devices, this leads to the appearance of stagnant zones inside the device, which are dangerous for operation;
• another reason why such boilers are more explosive is the presence in the device more water;
• a large amount of water causes another problem - the formation of scale and deposits on the walls inside the device.

Scale formation is dangerous for any device. As for fire-tube boilers, scale is formed in them quite unevenly, which disrupts the operation of the device and can lead to serious problems.

This means that in order to avoid problems with the operation of the boiler and ensure it safe operation, it is necessary to carry out regularly technical inspection device and repair it if any problems are found.

Timely replacement of damaged components will allow the safety of the boiler to be restored, and the device itself to return power and efficiency.

In any case, in order to ensure the safety of the equipment, you should not go beyond the scope of operation, observe safety measures and technical instructions manufacturer.

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