Ergonomics of a safe and comfortable environment for children. Fundamentals of Hospital Ergonomics

Competent layout the children's room affects not only the comfort of the child, but also his health and harmonious development. Interior designer Tatiana Maslennikova share with us useful tips ergonomics in the children's room.

What needs to be considered:

• Security. No sharp corners or protruding parts. Streamlined forms of furniture are welcome. Do not use portable table lamps and especially extension cords with wires in the children's room. Better to do table lamp or hanging lamp. Sockets must be out of reach or covered with special plastic caps.
• Environmental friendliness. Use safe materials. Furniture, textiles, accessories are preferably made from natural materials. Eco-friendly approach to cleaning (minimal use of aggressive detergents).
• Availability. Properly organize the furniture in the children's room. The child must move freely and reach all the shelves and drawers in the room. Provide sufficient passages between the furniture for the free movement of the child. They should be at least 60-80 cm.
• Atmosphere. Important role colors play. Consider the child's temperament, location and lighting in the room. In general, it is best to take calm tones as a basis, creating a more relaxed mood, and bright colours add in interior details and furniture elements.
• Imagination. Small details in the interior contribute to the development of imagination. You can also include details such as chalk boards or highlight an entire wall with wallpaper rolls for drawing.

Zoning a children's room

Game Zone.

Work zone.

Sleeping area.

Important! Children love to participate in the creation of their interior, involve them in this pleasant activity!

How to determine the size of furniture in a children's room?

• How to choose the height of the table? The child sits on a chair and bends his elbows at a right angle. At correct height hands will be flush with the tabletop. For a five-year-old child, the height of the table is about 45 cm, for a seven-year-old - 48 cm.
• The height of the chair is selected so that when landing, the back fits snugly against the back. Legs should be bent at a right angle and free to stand on the floor. It is important that the back of the chair is comfortable. At the age of five, the height of the chair will be about 26.5 cm, but in the future it increases, at the age of seven, the most comfortable seat is 29 cm high.

• Lighting is best natural. But in its absence or insufficiency, it is necessary to provide additional lighting. On the left side for right-handers, on the right side for left-handers. It is good to use a lamp with the ability to adjust the illumination of the workplace. Do not allow your child to use a table lamp without the general light turned on - in order to avoid sudden changes in lighting.

• The tabletop must be large enough to freely place the items necessary for work. The size is at least 120x60 cm. The permissible minimum width for one child is 45 cm. It must be remembered that the child will soon have a computer, it is important to provide a place for it on the table.
• There should be enough space under the tabletop to stretch out your legs. Place a nightstand or shelves near the table for storage necessary items, notebooks, etc.
• The closet in the room, as well as all other furniture, must be stable. Its height corresponds to the growth of the child, so that there are no difficulties with self cleaning of things. AT different ages the dimensions will be different: at 5-6 years old, the child will be able to reach a shelf 130 cm high. At 7-8 years old, the height of the upper shelf can be 150 cm. At 9-10 years old, the child can already reach 170 cm. The depth can be reduced to 50 cm to save space.

• Bed. It is best to buy a non-separable bed with a low back. After three years, you need to purchase a full-fledged "adult" bed. Sleeping place 70-80 cm wide and 150-170 cm long.

Important details!

For each functional area, select furniture with well-thought-out elements (exactly for this area, and not because the manufacturer offers such a complete set)

A smart storage system is not just about having separate cabinets in a child's room. It is important to provide individual elements storage furniture near the place of their use (clothes closer to the recreation area, toys to the play area, textbooks to the study area)

This is a small guide to choosing the right, beautiful and comfortable furniture for the nursery. And as clear examples— 3 spectacular new collections by the Italian firm Stemic Living, two of which are in different modifications, Total 33 photos of the interiors of children's rooms.

Talking about ergonomics has become very fashionable these days. It began with the rules of elementary comfort in the office, which our compatriots were deprived of quite long years. Finally, we thought about how the shapes and arrangement of furniture would contribute to maximum productivity. And quite quickly, this fashionable theme migrated to the residential interior. But, as usual, it has received a very narrow field for application: it is customary to remember ergonomics when talking about the kitchen or, in extreme cases, about the home office. It would seem that everything is quite logical, because ergonomics are “laws successful work taking into account the standard parameters of the human body "(if you make the correct translation). And “homework” is, first of all, the territory of the kitchen.

At the same time, for some reason, they forget that the nursery, no less than the kitchen and home office, needs ergonomic solutions. Firstly, because studying is also “work”, and secondly, this space is filled with many functions (often in a small area). And, of course, creating correct layout do not forget that the type of furniture and decor should please the child himself and be comfortable first of all for him, and not for you.

We will not delve too deeply into the furniture parameters, they differ for each age, and you can easily find information about this in reference books. Let's talk about the most important points, which will be useful to you when the question arises of choosing furniture for a children's room.

So, Things to keep in mind when furnishing a nursery:

Ergonomics in the children's room

1.

You must have heard a lot about space zoning. For a nursery, this is more relevant than for any other room - a dedicated area is required for different types activities (leisure, study, entertainment). And you need to do it right!

For each of the zones you have identified, it is advisable to select furniture with well-thought-out elements (exactly for this zone, and not because the manufacturer offers such a complete set).

2.

Storage systems are not a separate area, but separate pieces of furniture for storing baby items near the place of their use (clothes - closer to the "recreation zone"), toys, hobbies and books (closer to the "entertainment zone"), textbooks and stationery (next to the "study zone"). It is this layout that helps not only to easily find the things you need, but also to quickly remove them. So the common division into sections "bed" - "desktop" - "wardrobes" does not seem appropriate to us.

3.

There are many manufacturers on the market that make 2-tier furniture. Moreover, under the order, according to your needs and after preliminary measurements of your room. Do not neglect this and consider that two levels are needed only with a very small area and are possible only with a height of more than 3 m.

So, for example, a wardrobe for clothes does not have to look like a wardrobe for adults (this is especially true for preschool children's rooms and junior schoolchildren, they may not even reach the middle shelves). Therefore, it is worth paying attention to models that “fit” the wardrobe into a 2-level system (together with a bed or a workplace).

4.

If there are two or more children in the house, and the area of ​​​​the nursery is small, many parents recall the possibilities bunk beds. They, too, should not be bought ready-made (they are much more bulky), but made to order, taking into account the fact that structural elements can become additional storage space for small items (for example, drawers - in the steps or under the lower level of the bed, if it is stationary).

5.

Compact mobile elements(on wheels or swivel) make a particularly lasting impression on children. Small child will see this as an element of the game, and the teenager will see the opportunity to change the room to his liking.

6.

Actively use wall space: shelves, hanging racks and removable containers will not only add storage space, but can also become an interior decoration if the choice is made in favor of colorful colors that contrast with the tone of the walls.

7 .

draw possible options arrangement of furniture in the nursery on the plan of the room, perhaps somewhere it makes sense to use angled rather than traditional straight sections.

8.

Take the time to find colorful containers, boxes and baskets that fit into open shelving. It will look beautiful, and it will be very convenient to use.

9.

Don't look for concise color solutions for furniture in the nursery! The most interesting for the child himself will seem to be models that use several colors.. But, in order not to overwork the delicate children's psyche, it is better to stop at 2-3 shades. They can also be taken as a basis when choosing colors for walls, curtains and rugs. This approach is much more practical than first choosing wallpaper and curtains, and then looking for furniture of the right shade under them.

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That's all the most important rules. See examples of ergonomic furniture from Italian manufacturers. They are presented in 3 main versions: for lovers of juicy green, fans of blue and white combinations and young fans of pink and lilac colors.

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Collection "Nature"

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Collection "Look-1"

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Collection "Look-2"

Do you want to be in touch with us every day? Welcome to our Planet of Inspiration Vkontakte! Check it out, scroll through! Like? Join and get inspired every day!

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Collection "Princess-1"

When planning a children's room, many parents face many questions: how much space to allocate for the sleeping area, and how much for the play and study area, what size bed to buy, given that the child is growing, at what height to hang the sink in the children's bathroom. Ergonomics will help answer these questions. In this article, we will talk about creating comfortable environment for a child 2-7 years old.

Initially, in the 1920s, ergonomics explored the interaction between man and technology ( hand tool, weapons, etc.), and after the Second World War it turned into an independent scientific discipline that studies the anthropometric data of a person and uses this knowledge in order to arrange a harmonious living environment for him.

Optimal furniture dimensions

The first cot-cradle serves a child up to one and a half to two years. After you can buy already relatively big bed with a bed size of 70-80 × 150-170 cm. It is better if the bed (however, like the rest of the furniture in the nursery) is made of natural array tree. Unlike laminated chipboard the tree will not harm the child if he wants to try the furniture “by the tooth”. In addition, the surface of the furniture must be well sanded, without sharp corners and protruding parts (bolts, nuts, mechanisms, etc.). Do not forget that all surfaces of furniture items must be accessible for cleaning.

Furniture in the nursery should be proportionate to the child. At 5 years old, he can reach a shelf or hanger at a height of no more than 130 cm, at 7 years old - no more than 150 cm, so the closet should hardly be higher than 180 cm. Considering the dimensions of children's clothes and shoes, the depth of the closet can also be reduced to 45 -50 cm - this will save space in the room. The height of the seat (chair, pouffe, swing) for a child directly depends on his height, but the average figures are as follows: 26.5 cm for a 5-year-old child and 29 cm for a seven-year-old. The height of the table will be 44.5 cm and 48 cm respectively.

Space for play and study

To design separate areas in the children's room - spaces for classes, games, storage of things and toys are used universal rules similar to the "adult" room. The main thing is to keep the feeling of accessibility of all elements in the room for the child, to ensure the convenience of approaching furniture, opening doors and pulling out drawers.

So that the child and his guests do not hit a chair or bed in the heat of the game, it is necessary to leave free passages between pieces of furniture from 60 to 80 cm wide. In this case, there will be enough space for two seven-year-old children, but if space allows, it is better to leave 100 see, then the adult will have a place to go, holding the child by the hand.

If you place some kind of visual information on the wall (a poster, a blackboard), then you need to take into account the child's age ability to see only what is within his vision zone. For example, the upper level of this zone is 130 cm for children 2-4 years old and 144 - 163 cm for children 4-7 years old.

Bathroom for a child

If the size of your home allows you to design a separate bathroom for a child, then you need to consider the following factors. The height of the toilet seat for a child of 2-9 years is 25.5 - 26.5 cm, the height of the sink 48.5 cm will be comfortable for a child of 5 years, 58.5 cm for a seven-year-old. If the sink is built into the countertop, then the height of this working surface is 57 cm and 63.5 cm, respectively. The space between the wall and the sink should be 30-35 cm so that a child of 3-7 years old can freely come up and wash. If an adult helps him in this, then the space needs to be increased to 70 cm.

Pay attention to this information, because the child spends a long period of life in the nursery, and not only its convenience and safety, but also development depends on how well the parents manage to plan the space for it.

Ergonomics is the science of adaptation official duties, workplaces, subjects and objects of labor, as well as computer programs for the safest and most efficient work of an employee, based on the physical and mental characteristics of the human body.
To improve all diagnostic and treatment processes, ergonomics should be addressed by social health services. However, as a rule, each health facility deals with these issues independently. And it is absolutely wrong to think that the approach to solving this problem is important only for well-equipped hospitals.

Ergonomics is an applied science, which deals with such an adaptation of the work, workplace and personal characteristics of the employee, in which he or she can perform his or her duties efficiently and safely. Carrying out the whole range of measures to adapt to the conditions of medical facilities, equipment, tools, consumables used by the personnel and to the surrounding conditions makes the personnel able to adequately perform the work without problems for themselves.

Extensive research has been carried out in the ergonomics of hospitalization. Most research attempts to determine the degree of freedom that hospital staff can allow managers to develop solutions for the right workload with satisfactory performance. It should rightly be noted that research on ergonomics in hospitals in recent times are much more serious. As a result, workplaces were reconstructed in terms of ergonomics in cooperation with medical and support staff, and the results of the analysis were used to adapt the equipment used in medical care.

In hospital ergonomics studies, the analysis should at least be extended to hospital departments. Of course, the most important components are the distances between the ward, the amount of equipment and its location.
One of the first factors that determine the health of health workers and the quality of medical care is significant physical stress. The employee is provided negative impact psychological factors associated with cases of serious illness, work with the elderly and death. Of course, taking into account all these factors is not an easy task, but addressing only one of them will not give results and will not lead to an improvement in working conditions and the quality of medical care. Patients' perception of the conditions of stay in the clinic, their relationship with doctors and other staff, nutrition and interior furnishings also determine the effectiveness of the medical care they receive.

Based on the ergonomics of health care facilities, a set of personal factors and their interaction (for example, fatigue, fitness, age, level of training) and circumstance factors (work organization, schedule, floor covering, furniture, equipment, communications) that interact and affect the performance of work are examined. Accurate characteristic The actual work performed by health care workers depends on full-time ergonomic observations, the collection of meaningful and, most importantly, objective information about the movements, postures of the staff, elements of emotional control necessary to solve work requirements. They help to identify factors that may interact with efficient, safe, comfortable medical work. The last recommendations concern the interdependence of different staff of professionals and auxiliary workers providing care to the same patient.

These considerations lay the foundation for future special studies. An analysis of the stresses associated with the use of major equipment (eg beds, carts, consoles, monitors, ventilators) can help identify acceptable solutions. In the intensive care unit, where equipment alarms can be confusing, it can be useful to determine their acoustic spectrum. Computerization medical card patient would not have been undertaken if it were not for the analysis of formal and informal information support structures. All elements of the working environment should always be taken into account when analyzing the factors that help to resolve the issue.
Handling data that affects quality of care—physical, mental and emotional stress, work schedules, environment, architecture, hygiene conditions—all are essential. When attempting to comprehensively improve patient care, it is important to adapt work schedules and shared work areas to the needs of the patient. working group. The use of ergonomics is a method of using special information to improve the quality of service and work of staff.

So, the peculiarity of the children's room is that

• these are at least 3 zones: a sleep zone, a study zone and a zone for games and communication. And as a rule, there is also a wardrobe area where children's clothes are stored, the child dresses and undresses.
• as the child grows, his needs change, and the nursery must constantly change to meet these new needs. Here, 3 main periods can be distinguished: "baby" (up to 2 years), preschool (3-6 years) and school age (7+)
• a children's room is a room with special lighting and special safety requirements (everything and everything) - although the latter applies in general to the whole house from the moment a child appears in it.

That is, when we talk about the layout and design of a children's room, we must understand that these are “three big differences” (c) And if it is also a room for two children of different ages ... But this is a topic for a separate post))

Now let's deal with each "period" in order.

Baby room

In general, a baby up to a year does not require a separate room: he lives and is where his mother is. Due to the need for constant nighttime supervision and feeding, his crib can be in the parents' bedroom - this will be even more convenient. But if you still decide to take the newborn private room, then be sure to first think over the layout of the electrical outlets immediately with an eye to future modifications of this room. The baby's room is

Crib

Changing surface

Places for storing hygiene items

Chest of drawers / wardrobe for clothes and things

Floor mat

Racks/boxes/bags for toys

Comfortable chair/chair for feeding

It seems that everything is simple. But! It is important how you arrange all this: the crib should be in a place protected from drafts, and so that the changing surface (table) is nearby, and the baby’s personal hygiene items (napkins / diapers / powders, etc.) and clothes are at hand. Then nightly diaper changes will be calm and painless))

It is also good to have a night light or floor lamp with adjustable light intensity: so that you can create soft lighting even at night, and not poke in the dark, highlighting your way with a phone flashlight. Trust me, it all sounds like nonsense, but when you sleepily carry a screaming newborn to the bathroom with half-closed eyes, it will all matter. In general, I advise you to carefully analyze the entire process of caring for a child before arranging furniture, what and how you will do, in order to take into account all possible nuances.

It is not always necessary to buy a separate changing table, because it takes up space, and its need will disappear very soon. Can buy special surface for swaddling and put it on a chest of drawers if it is of a suitable height, and put organizers for hygiene items (or our baskets;)) next to it or hang special organizer pockets on the wall or on the crib.

Also consider the possibility of fast and silent! (experienced mothers will understand me)) darkening windows is important for daytime sleep, especially if the room faces south.

Important: in the baby’s room, you can’t put anything near the windows that the baby can climb on to climb onto the windowsill. Therefore, do not put armchairs, chairs, or shelving near the windows - this is not safe. In general, I will tell you more about security separately.

A baby up to a year old does not need a lot of toys: it is much more important to leave him more free space for crawling. Therefore, at this age, a rug on the floor is enough so that the baby is not cold, and a couple of boxes / bags for toys: one is smaller for all kinds of teethers and rattles (it is desirable that this container or bag can be washed / washed often), the other - more, for cubes, pyramids, soft toys.

Around the age of 2, the needs of the child are already changing.

It's time to put up shelving for toys, a table for drawing and modeling, shelves for books, and the bed needs to be changed to a larger one. Children grow very quickly, so it is better to choose furniture that can transform: it is very practical to use sliding beds, which have sleeping place can increase from 140 to 200 cm in length, desks that turn into easels and so on - in general, hello, IKEA)) another great thing is chairs that also “grow” with the child: you can buy such a chair for a child of 2 years old (or even earlier) as a feeding chair, and it will serve him for up to 10 years for sure. These are Trip-Trap chairs from Stokke or his budget counterparts(Kotakota and others).

What is important here:

Security! No sharp corners or protrusions. High shelving and cabinets should be firmly attached to the wall: just “leaning against the wall” is not an option. Children love to pull themselves up, grabbing the edges of cabinets and chests of drawers. Furniture with glass doors is highly desirable not to use. As well as crystal chandeliers)) Electrical sockets with curtains (buy them right away so that you don’t have to install separate plugs later), locks on the windows are a must! Moreover, those that allow you to open a window for ventilation without opening the lock (Ikeevsky Patrol, for example).

Availability! Everyone knows the basics of the Montessori methodology: do you want the child to be able to serve himself and put his toys away? Then immediately make furniture that matches his height. Cabinets, shelves - all this should be freely available for the baby. At 5-6 years old, a child will be able to reach a shelf 130 cm high, at 7-8 years old - up to 150 cm, at 9-10 years old he can already reach 170 cm.

Environmental friendliness: natural materials- our everything. Also pay attention to how the furniture is processed, what paints. All this should be, if not "edible", then at least harmless. You know, as it is written in the annotations for IKEA paints: “Not for food, but if you suddenly eat it, nothing bad will happen.” Carpets - preferably lint-free or quilted play mats that do not cause allergies. The less fluff in the air, the easier it is for the child.

Vandal resistance: very broad topic. Of course, there are exemplary children who do not draw on the walls and do not tear off the wallpaper, but if your baby is not one of those (or he is still so small that you are simply not aware of all his talents), then I recommend immediately making walls for painting instead of wallpaper , one-piece skirting boards instead of snap-on skirting boards. And in general: the furniture in the children's room should be comfortable, but not necessarily expensive. Remember that it should be easy to care for, then the painted sofa will not be so scary) Better yet: get ahead of the curve and create a special “creative” area for the child to express himself: let it be a large chalkboard, or roll wallpaper on which you can draw - in general, create an alternative to the sofa))

Mobility: Children are extremely mobile beings. Therefore, the furniture for them must be mobile. Drawers on wheels, toy bags that can be moved, portable seating - poufs and floor cushions - all this will create comfort for your child.

Lighting: in the nursery there should be a maximum of daylight. But besides that, there should be a lot more different sources artificial light- not only overhead light, but also side (by the bed, so you can read a book before going to bed), outdoor (it creates an atmosphere of play and develops imagination), a night lamp, a light at the table. I have already talked about lamps with adjustable lighting above - this is very convenient. remember, that table lamp at night, it should be used together with an overhead light so that the lighting is uniform - this is important for the eyes.

Convenient organization of space and storage: so that the baby immediately learns to order and independence, simplify the storage system for him. Have the boxes painted or pasted with icons indicating the contents of the box. Let everything that is needed for studying at the table (drawing / modeling, etc.) be stored next to the table - then the likelihood that these accessories will be put away, and not scattered around the room, greatly increases. Let the room have small hooks and hangers at the height of the child so that he can hang home clothes on them - this is already within the power of a three-year-old child. Etc. If you organize the space conveniently, then the child will grow up neat - children love order. Do you have a large bookcase that makes it difficult for a child to get books out of? Make a separate box or shelf for him with the books that he reads during this period, and which will be in the free access zone so that the baby can get a book and look at it at any time.

The child moves quickly, so he needs enough room to maneuver. Passages between furniture should be at least 60-80cm, and preferably 1m. Everything that hangs on the walls should be in the visibility zone: for children 2-4 years old, the upper limit of the visibility zone is 130 cm, for children 4-7 years old - 144-163 cm. In fact, you don’t even need to memorize all these numbers: just get on your knees to become about the size of a child, and look at this level, what you can see and what you can get and what you can’t.

Table: the height of the tabletop should be flush with the child's arms, bent at a right angle when he sits.

Chair: its height should be such that the back of the child, sitting with legs bent at a right angle, fits snugly against the back, and the legs stand freely on the support with the whole foot. Below I have given a table of approximate correspondence between the height / age of the child and the parameters of the table and chair.

Height/Age: 90 cm/ ~2 years

Seat height: 22

Table top height: 40

Height/Age: 105 cm/~4 years

Seat height: 26

Seat depth: 26

Table top height: 45

Height/Age: 120 cm/ ~6-7 years

Seat height: 29

Seat depth: 28

Table top height: 58

Height/Age: 135 cm/~9-10 years

Seat height: 34

Seat depth: 33

Table top height: 40

In the following articles, we will analyze the organization of each zone with examples and design tips.

I will be glad to your comments and likes! And ask questions to designers - we will publish answers to them;)

The article uses photos from Pinterest, as well as the author's own photos.