Adonis spring: photo and description, where it grows, interesting facts about the plant. Adonis spring - description and photo

Adonis spring is one of medicinal plants, whose medicinal qualities are appreciated not only by folk medicine, but also by traditional medicine. It is also called the starodubka flower, we will consider its medicinal properties in detail.

This plant is a perennial, belongs to the buttercup family. This representative of the flora contains many medicinal substances: cardiac glycosides, cymarin, K-strophanthin-b, cardenolide, flavonoids, 2,6-dimethoxyquinone, phytosterol, carotene, steroid saponins, vitamin C, choline, organic acids, coumarins, adonite alcohol.

The pharmaceutical industry produces a herbal preparation of Adonis spring, called "Adonizide", it is usually prescribed to patients with initial stages development of circulatory failure. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry produces Cardiovalen and Adonis Bromine, which are also prescribed for people with cardiovascular pathology. These medicines can be purchased at a pharmacy, but they should be used as directed by your doctor.

What is the starodubka flower valued for, what are the properties of the plant?

Starodubka flower has medicinal properties, respectively, the herb of this plant is used for different states and has a sedative, diuretic effect, in addition, analgesic, cardiotonic effect, and also has an anticonvulsant effect, dilates the coronary vessels.

Medicinal properties of this plant have a positive effect on the heart, in particular, increase contractile function, slow down the heart rate, and also reduce myocardial excitability.

characteristic feature medicines prepared on the basis of the starodub flower, is a sedative effect on nervous system develops a calming effect. Adonis has a beneficial effect on the liver, relieves shortness of breath, swelling, as it has a diuretic effect.

By the nature of the action, starodubka glycosides are similar in chemical structure to digitalis glycosides, but in comparison with it, they do not accumulate in the body, but have a shorter effect. In addition, the plant is effective in convulsions. various origins.

Adonis is used for circulatory failure, for vegetative-vascular dystonia, for renal pathology, for infectious and neuropsychiatric diseases. This plant is part of various herbal teas, which are actively used by herbalists for the preparation of medicinal infusions.

Adonis herb - use and contraindications

Infusion from the old oak flower

To prepare the infusion, you need one teaspoon of raw adonis, it is placed in an enameled container, where two cups of boiling water are poured. After insisting the drug, it is recommended to strain it, after which the herbal remedy is taken every hour, one teaspoon, but not more than five times a day.

AT traditional medicine phytonast is used for fever, flu, dropsy, in addition, for jaundice, for scarlet fever, for infectious diseases, in addition, for typhoid, and also as a sedative.

Herbal teas with starodubka flower

The collection for the treatment of cardiac pathology will include the following plants: old oak flowers, lemon balm grass, motherwort, birch leaves, horsetail, watch leaves, clover, gout, calendula, mistletoe shoots. All of them will need to be taken in equal quantities, they are mixed and a tablespoon of the raw material is poured with 350 milliliters of boiling water, after which it is infused for three hours, then filtered and taken four times a day.

Herbal collection for pathology of the nervous system will consist of following plants: adonis, sweet clover, fireweed, oregano, oat straw, St. John's wort, rose hips, nettle, lemon balm, birch leaves, motherwort, wormwood, watch leaves, strawberries, chamomile flowers, celandine. Prepare the drug should be as above.

For convulsions, it is recommended to use a tablespoon of the crushed starodubka plant and pour 300 milliliters of boiling water over it. Next, the drug is infused in a dark place for two hours, after which it is recommended to strain the infusion and take it in a tablespoon three times a day.

With hyperthyroidism, the use of such a phytocollection is effective: adonis grass, peppermint, calendula flowers, violet, cudweed, chamomile, oregano. All components are taken in equal quantities, mixed, after which 10 grams of raw materials are poured into 300 milliliters cold water and insist for a day, then bring to a boil, cool. It is recommended to take the phytopreparation 100 milliliters three times a day after meals.

For insomnia, it is recommended to pour crushed starodub grass with 40% alcohol, or you can use vodka in a ratio of 1:10. After that, the tincture is placed for two weeks in a dark place. It is used as a sedative herbal remedy, as well as a mild sleeping pill, while 20 drops of the drug should be taken three times a day.

Does the herb Adonis have contraindications for use?

It is worth noting that adonis is a poisonous plant, respectively, it should be taken under the supervision of a doctor. Among the absolute contraindications are the following situations: childhood, gastritis, pregnancy, enterocolitis, breastfeeding, peptic ulcer, cardiac conduction disorder, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The main thing that gardeners love the spring adonis plant for is its durability. In one place, these flowers can grow up to fifty years and annually delight plant growers with lush, sunny flowering. If you land even one small bush, in a couple of years it will grow so that it forms a small curtain of 20-30 bright flowers. The only negative is the poor germination of seeds, so it is recommended to propagate adonis by dividing the rhizome.

Description of the plant Adonis spring

Spring Adonis, or Adonis (Ranunculaceae family) is naturally distributed in Central and Southern Europe, Altai, and Siberia.

According to ancient Greek myth, these flowers were named so in honor of the beautiful Adonis - beloved of the goddess of love Aphrodite. He was mortally wounded while hunting by a wild boar. Seeing the inconsolable grief of the goddess, Hades, the lord of the kingdom of shadows, began to let Adonis go to the earth, where he spent six months, and then returned back to the kingdom of the dead. When Adonis came to earth with the first bright rays of the spring sun, nature came to life, and where he stepped, blossomed. They became the personification of nature, joy and love resurrecting every year.

Below you can see the photo and read the description spring adonis growing in the conditions of the middle lane:

It is a low growing rhizome, flowering in early spring golden yellow flowers 2-3 cm in diameter. The stems are straight, smooth, slightly branched, about 20-30 cm high.

As you can see in the photo, the spring adonis (Adonis) has single flowers with "lacquer" petals:

Each flower lives 8-10 days, opening early in the morning and closing in the afternoon. On cloudy days, flowers may not open at all. When the plant fades, finely dissected filamentous leaves appear. Seeds ripen in June.

Even one plant eventually forms a curtain. Adonis reach their maximum development by about 40-50 years. By this time, up to 30 large flowers are formed annually on the plant.

Growing and using adonis spring

When growing adonis flowers, you need to take care of drained, well-fertilized, sufficiently moist soil. Prefers open sunny places, but tolerates partial shade well. Needed watering in hot weather and top dressing before flowering and in July (for laying flower buds). The plant is winter-hardy.

Adonis is propagated by dividing the rhizome in the spring, after flowering. You can divide the plant no earlier than after 5-7 years. seed propagation rather difficult. Seed germination is very low, and seedlings are not hardy, grow slowly and bloom only in the fourth or fifth year.

Adonis or spring adonis is a medicinal plant of great medical interest. On the basis of its extract, tinctures and tablets are made, which have proven themselves as effective means in the treatment of the heart, alleviation of the condition with vegetovascular dystonia, kidney diseases.

The medicinal properties of this plant have been known for a long time. Today they are used not only by herbalists and traditional healers: the plant has found wide application in industrial pharmacology. Herbals, which were compiled by healers in the 16th century, mention the plants Adonis spring and its healing properties. Healers successfully used it in the treatment of dropsy, fever, pain in the heart. In the old days, it was believed that if a person managed to see the flowering of adonis for the first time, then he should collect the flowers, dry them and fumigate his eyes with healing smoke. This will save you from night blindness.

Adonis spring has been listed in the Red Book for many years. AT vivo it is under the strictest protection. With private collection, Adonis can only be cut selectively: it is necessary to leave at least three stems per square meter. For industrial collection, it is grown on plantations.

Legend of Adonis

The plant got its name in honor of the beloved goddess Aphrodite. Somehow Princess Mirra angered the beautiful goddess of love and sent terrible misfortunes on her, turning her into a tree. But when a child was born from the cracked trunk of this tree, Aphrodite could not restrain herself and kidnapped him. In a small chest, she delivered the baby to the underworld to Persephone and begged to hide the child from prying eyes. But very soon, the charming baby won the heart of the wives of the gloomy Hades.

Persephone refused to return the first beauty of Olympus Adonis. The angry goddess demanded Zeus to restore justice. And he decided this: Adonis would live with Persephone for six months, and Aphrodite for six months. Adonis grew up, turned into a beautiful young man and became the beloved of Aphrodite. The jealous Ares could not endure this: he ambushed Adonis, who was hunting in the mountains, and killed him, turning into a boar.

Aphrodite was inconsolable, mourning her beloved. From the drops of his blood, the goddess grew anemones, and in the very place where the lifeless body of her beloved fell, she commanded on the day of mourning to bloom annually beautiful and tender yellow flower, which people called Adonis.

Where does spring adonis grow?

The plant is common in Europe and Asia, in the southern regions of Russia in the Mediterranean, in the east of Western Siberia. Due to improper collection, its number is constantly declining, and it may soon disappear. In some regions of our country, temporary restrictions are being imposed on the collection of Adonis in order to restore its numbers.

Adonis spring: description and photo

This herbaceous plant, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, includes about 45 species of perennial and annual herbs. Spring Adonis, the photo of which we posted in this article, is a perennial plant. Its flowers are rich yellow. Adonis has many names - adonis, mohnatik, yellow-thousander, yellow flower, upland outcast, old oak, hairy grass, hare poppy.

The height of spring adonis is small - no more than half a meter. The plant has a well developed root system, erect or slightly deviated stem that may branch slightly. On it is located not a large number of shaggy palmately dissected sessile leaves. Basal leaves, which resemble scales, are divided into several lobes, about 6 cm wide. They are painted brown.

The description of the spring adonis plant is published in almost all reference books on medicinal herbs. They give Special attention plant flowers.

Flowers

Flowering begins in April, when small bushes are covered with bright yellow, beautiful single flowers located at the top of a branch or stem. They are quite large - up to 8 cm in diameter. Like bright lanterns, they are clearly visible on gray spring edges. Interestingly, the flowers appear at the same time as the leaves. They have a five-leaf pubescent base and many fiery yellow petals.

Interesting fact: spring adonis has not only yellow flowers. In the mountains of Mongolia and Tibet, there are species with white, bright blue and pale lilac petals.

Fruit

The spring adonis plant bears fruit, depending on the region of growth. In the southern regions, this occurs in June, in the more northern regions - in July. Flowers replace shriveled nuts with hook-shaped spouts.

Chemical composition

Spring Adonis contains up to 0.83% cardiac glycosides. Most of them are found in leaves and green fruits. In addition, the aerial parts of the plant contain cymarin and K-strophanthin, the specific cardenolide of this plant is adonitoxin.

Phytosterol, dimethoxyquinone, flavonoids, steroidal saponins, organic acids, ascorbic acid, carotene, choline, adonite alcohol, coumarins have been isolated from the herb. The highest biological activity is observed during flowering and fruiting. In the roots, glycosides accumulate at the very end of the growing season.

Medicinal properties

Despite the fact that healers from ancient times used this plant to treat many diseases, Scientific research medicinal properties of spring adonis was carried out much later, in the clinic of S.P. Botkin. According to its results, the plant was recognized as an effective natural remedy for the treatment of many heart diseases.

Today, spring adonis, the photo of which you can see below, as well as preparations based on it, are used both in folk and traditional medicine. Preparations, which are based on the herb Adonis, have beneficial properties for the body:

• diuretic;
• vasodilating;
• stabilizing heart rate;
• normalizing sleep;
• anticonvulsant;
• painkillers;
• cardiotonic.

Indications for use

Spring adonis preparations are prescribed to patients suffering from diseases such as:

• heart failure (chronic) with circulatory disorders;
• vegetovascular dystonia;
• coronary artery disease;
• hysteria;
• neuroses of the heart;
• epilepsy;
• exhaustion of the nervous system;
• lung diseases (tuberculosis, bronchitis, etc.);
• parkinsonism;
• acute cystitis,
• complicated by edema of renal origin.

Adonis-based preparations

"Adonizide" - is available in the form aqueous solution or in tablets. It is prescribed for vegetative-vascular diseases.

Ankylosing spondylitis - known for its powerful sedative effect. Adult patients are prescribed 30 drops four times a day.

This is not a complete list - many are made from Adonis. effective drugs used in traditional medicine.

Use in traditional medicine

You should know that along with its healing properties, spring adonis is poisonous, therefore, before using preparations based on it, it is necessary to consult a doctor and strictly observe the dosage.

For heart and infectious diseases, they drink tea every hour on a spoon (two tablespoons of adonis are poured into 800 ml of water and steamed).

• Infusion #1

Pour two tablespoons of chopped Adonis herb with four cups of boiled warm water and leave overnight in a warm place. The infusion is recommended for getting rid of stones in the bladder and kidneys. During the day, the composition is taken in a tablespoon, but not more than an hour later.

• Infusion #2

• Infusion #3

With a painful dry cough, pour a teaspoon of dry adonis with 100 ml of boiling water. After two hours, the drug will be ready for use. Take it by spoon before every meal.

• Infusion #4

Pour 7 grams of adonis (a teaspoon with a slide) with a glass of boiling water. An hour later, you can take a tablespoon a day with myositis. The course of treatment is one month, then you should take a break for 10 days, and after it, treatment can be continued.

In most cases, infusions from the leaves and flowers of spring Adonis are prepared in almost the same proportions - 5-7 grams of Adonis is brewed and allowed to brew.

Alcohol tincture

This tincture will help in the fight against insomnia. Can be used medical alcohol, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 or high-quality factory vodka. Pour 100 grams of dry grass with a liter of alcohol (or vodka) and place in a dark place with room temperature. Take 15 drops of tincture three times a day.

Fees

Adonis is widely used in many medicinal herbal preparations. For kidney diseases, mix finely chopped herbs: adonis (7 g), birch buds (6 g), bearberry (10 g) and horsetail grass (4 g). Pour the mixture with 600 ml of hot water and let the composition brew for two hours. Then put the container with herbs on a slow fire and boil for 5 minutes. Take an hour in a tablespoon.

It is necessary to take this remedy lying down, food should be limited to dairy products and salt should be completely abandoned.

To lower blood pressure

Mix spring (2 tbsp), herb motherwort, cudweed, adonis, horsetail (1 tbsp each). Two tablespoons of the mixture pour 500 ml of boiling water. Close and wrap the jar tightly. After three to four hours, strain the composition, and take a spoonful three times a day.

With hepatitis

With this disease, two different collections are used, we will present you with recipes for both.

The first composition includes adonis, yarrow, field horsetail (40 g each), celandine grass (80 g). Pour a spoonful of a mixture of these herbs with 200 ml of boiling water. Three to five minutes, the composition should warm up over low heat under closed lid. After this, the broth is infused until completely cooled. It is taken 100 ml in the morning and evening.

Another collection for the treatment of hepatitis. Adonis grass, and dog rose, aloe root (25 g each) mix. Two tablespoons of the collection should be poured with boiling water (500 ml) and put on for two minutes. water bath. The broth is infused for no more than half an hour and is taken in a glass twice a day.

Heart disease

For the treatment of the heart, a collection of the following herbs is used:

• Adonis;
• Melissa;
• motherwort;
• birch leaves;
• horsetail;
• gout grass;
• clover and calendula flowers;
• mistletoe shoots.

All components are taken in equal parts. Mix them thoroughly and measure out 12 grams of the collection. Fill the collection with 350 ml of boiling water, and insist for three hours. Strain, divide into four parts and drink during the day. We must repeat once again that adonis is poisonous, so it is necessary to be extremely careful when treating with this plant. To prevent poisoning, you can use ready-made medicines containing adonis spring, which are sold in pharmacies. But in this case, it is necessary to remember about the exact observance of the dosage. The intake of any medications must be agreed with the doctor.

Side effects

Due to the poisonous nature of Adonis vernalis, an overdose of it can cause Negative consequences. In this case, the symptoms are manifested by weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, cramps, gastrointestinal disturbances and a rapid or slow heartbeat. Having found these symptoms, it is necessary to take drugs that remove from the blood harmful substances: saline laxative medicines. Vomiting drugs are not recommended.

Contraindications

Adonis grass and preparations based on it have contraindications for use. With peptic ulcer, gastritis, with increased blood clotting, enterocolitis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias - taking drugs is prohibited. In addition, they should not be taken during pregnancy, lactation and children under three years of age. Older children are allowed to take, but only as prescribed by a doctor and in a dosage appropriate for age.

Collection of raw materials

In folk medicine, almost the entire plant is used, with the exception of the bare part of the stem: when harvesting raw materials, it is recommended to cut the plant from the middle, where the leaves begin to grow. The herb is harvested during the fruit ripening or flowering season. The rest of the healing properties are lost.

It is very important to dry adonis correctly: tied in bunches in a ventilated, shady place. Under no circumstances should this be done in the sun. You can use the oven, oven. Temperature from +40 to +50 °C is ideal for drying. Dried raw materials are stored for about a year in a ventilated room in paper or canvas bags.

Adonis spring - very gentle and beautiful plant, which can decorate a flower bed in your garden, will cheer you up and, thanks to its healing properties, will help cure many serious diseases.

Adonis vernalis L.

vernacular name : adonis, starodubka, Montenegrin, light, yellow flower.

Ranunculaceae family - RANUNCULACEAE.

Description. Perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome and cord-like brownish-black roots. The stems are arranged in several, erect, densely leafy, almost bare after branching, 30-40 cm high. The leaves are broadly ovate in outline, finely serrated. The fruit is a multi-nutlet, the nuts are obovate, finely serrated with a nose wrapped downwards. Blossoms in April-May, bears fruit in June-July.

Geographic distribution . In the wooded and steppe zones of the European part former USSR and Siberia.

Organs Used: above-ground part(grass).

Adonis- perennial herbaceous plant of the buttercup family, up to 60 cm high. Vertical rhizome; short, up to 3.5 cm in diameter, dark brown. Cord-shaped roots, brown-black. Rhizome many-headed, with several stems. Stems erect, round, almost glabrous, slightly branched, with brown scales at the base. Leaves sessile, repeatedly divided into narrow linear lobes, basal and lower in the form of membranous scales. The flowers are large, solitary, golden yellow, with numerous petals, stamens and pistils, located at the tops of the stems, up to 6 cm in diameter. The calyx is five-leaved, pubescent. The fruit is a cumulus achene. Nuts are obovate, wrinkled, with a short, hook-shaped bent nose. Blooms in April-May. Adonis is one of the earliest spring flowers. Grows on chernozem soils on dry slopes, forest edges, clearings. There are over 20 species in the temperate zone of Eurasia and North Africa. In the USSR - 17 species are found, mainly in the southern regions. In the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Europe, in Siberia, in the Caucasus, it is also found in Ukraine, Bashkiria, Far East(Gilyarov).

In the Sverdlovsk region, significant thickets are found in Kamensky, Kamyshlovsky, Baikalovsky, Irbitsky, Krasnoufimsky, Nizhneserginsky, Sukholozhsky, Artinsky, Bogdanovichsky, Tugulymsky districts.

In the Tyumen region there are thickets in the Ishim, Kazan, Uporovsky districts.

The finished raw material consists of dried stems with leaves, flowers and fruits that retain the color inherent in the plant. The taste is bitter, the smell is weak. After drying, it is recommended to tie the grass into bunches and trim evenly from the bottom, this prevents it from being crushed during packaging and transportation.

According to the State Pharmacopoeia, humidity should not exceed 13%. Biological activity in frog action units (ICE) when dispensing raw materials to pharmacies - at least 50. When dispensing raw materials into production - at least 75 ICEs.

Chemical composition . Contains glycosides cymarin C30H44O9, which breaks down into strophanthidine and cymarose; adonitoxin C29H42O10, highly soluble in water and hydrolyzed to adonitoxygenin C23H32O6. In addition, several new cardiac glycosides have been isolated, as well as the flavone glycoside adonivernit C26H30O16, which is a homoorientin monoxyloside; 2-6-dimethoxyquinone C8H8O4, etc.

Pharmacological properties. An experimental study of the pharmacological properties of adonis was carried out by N. A. Bubnov (1880) at the suggestion of S. P. Botkin. He found that the preparations of this plant have a pronounced cardiotonic effect and that when they are administered through the mouth, there is a disorder relatively more often. gastrointestinal tract(nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

adonis cardiac glycosides spring contribute to the removal of excess fluid from the body: edema gradually disappears, the causes of their appearance are eliminated. As a rule, they do not have the toxic and cumulative effects inherent in other cardiac glycosides. A distinctive property of preparations of spring adonis, especially cymarin glycoside, is their pronounced sedative effect. Even V. M. Bekhterev pointed out that spring adonis enhances the sedative effect of bromine in the treatment of epilepsy.

Application. Adonis preparations are prescribed mainly for relatively mild forms of chronic heart failure, as well as for heart neurosis, increased nervous excitability, insomnia and epilepsy, especially in combination with bromine and codeine (V. M. Bekhterev's mixture), infectious diseases, when cardiac activity is weakened, with edema of various origins as a diuretic. V. M. Bekhterev et al. (1925) proposed to treat patients with epilepsy with adonis and its drug adonilene.

Spring Adonis preparations, especially cymarin glycoside, are distinguished by a pronounced sedative property. When taken orally, they are absorbed in quantities sufficient for a therapeutic effect.

Adonis glycosides are similar in their action to digitalis glycosides, but they are less stable in the body and less active in systolic action, have a weaker effect on diastole and vagal tone, their action is shorter and practically does not accumulate in therapeutic doses.

Application. Adonis preparations are indicated for relatively mild forms of chronic circulatory failure. They are used as sedatives of the central nervous system for vegetodistonia, neuroses and other nervous disorders. The drug adonizide, obtained from the spring adonis, is part of cardiovalen, and the infusion of adonis is part of Bekhterev's mixture. From the extract of dry adonis - a brownish-yellow hygroscopic powder, soluble in water (1:10) - tablets and infusion are prepared.

Preparations. Methods of preparation and use

An infusion of spring adonis herb is prepared from 4-10 g of herb and 200 ml of water. Adults: 1 tablespoon 3-5 times a day; children 1/2 - 1 teaspoon or dessert spoon 3-4 times a day.

Dry adonis extract. Brownish-yellow hygroscopic powder. Soluble in water (1:10) to form a cloudy solution.

1. One tablespoon of plant herb is poured with 2 cups of boiling water, infused for 1 hour, filtered. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day before meals. The infusion can be stored in a cool place for no more than 3 days.

2. A teaspoon of grass is poured into 1 glass of water, brought to a boil, infused for 1 hour, filtered. Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times a day.

thickets of adonis needs to be protected. It reproduces only by seeds, the seeds are spread by ants, the seeds germinate very little, and the plant develops slowly - 20-30 years pass before the formation of a productive bush. Therefore, when harvesting, certain rules should be observed to ensure the safety of the thickets: you can not pull out the shoots, as this affects the buds of renewal and the plant does not grow back for a long time and dies. For seeding the site, one or two bushes should be left uncut for every 100 square meters. m (square 10x10 meters). Procurement in one place is carried out once every two to three years.

According to the clinical picture, adonis preparations act softer than foxglove, they are less resistant and practically devoid of cumulative properties, i.e. the ability to accumulate in the muscles of the heart with repeated doses.

Pharmacies prepare water infusions from dried herbs, which are dispensed as prescribed by a doctor.

Adonis spring - poisonous plant. Therefore, use it only as prescribed by a doctor.

When poisoned with adonis the following symptoms are observed: the pulse is either sharply slow, then quickened, temporary heartbeat stops. Severe weakness, cold extremities, abdominal pain, hiccups, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, chills, delirium, shortness of breath, convulsions.

Before rendering medical assistance, it is necessary to wash the stomach and intestines with water with a suspension of coal or a half-one percent solution of tannin. Warm baths, mustard plasters on the skin. When vomiting, give ice cubes to swallow. Bed rest, rest. Recommended under the skin - camphor, caffeine. Intravenously - glucose (Afonaseva, 1981).

The yield of medicinal raw materials after drying from 100 kg of freshly harvested grass is 22-23 kg. Controlled annually during storage.

The grass is dried in the air in the shade or in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. Store for a year in a dry, ventilated area.

Natural resources Adonis spring are annually reduced. Its introduction into culture is very difficult and requires a lot of manual labor. It is better to sow freshly harvested seeds. Seedlings appear after 50 days. In the year of sowing, cotyledon leaves and 1-2 true leaves are formed. By the end of the growing season of the second year, the plant reaches no more than 8 cm and has one stem with several leaves. Flowering and fruiting begins in the 4th year, then the procurement of raw materials is possible. Apply and seedling method cultivation of adonis, with a transplant on permanent place in the 3rd year after sowing the seeds (Epanchinov, 1990).

Planting adonis rhizomes produced in the following way: cut the rhizomes lengthwise into 2-3 parts and plant them in September or early spring to a depth of 20-22 cm with a distance in rows of 30 cm.

Plantation care consists in loosening row spacings, weeding and fertilizing with fertilizers (manure, superphosphate, lime). It reaches its maximum productivity at the age of 7-8 and gives good harvests for 10 or more years (Kotukov, 1975).

One of the main glycosides of Adonis is adonitoxin. Preparations from adonis slow down the heart rate, increase systole, lengthen distole, increase the stroke volume of the heart, and moderately decrease intracardiac conduction. Adonis preparations have a more pronounced diuretic effect compared to other cardiac drugs, which is associated with the presence of cymarin. A characteristic feature of adonis preparations is a sedative effect on the central nervous system. Adonis tincture and infusion are an antidote for cocaine poisoning and stop convulsions caused by camphor and picrotoxin.

Currently adonis is used with decompensated heart defects, with heart failure, with heart neurosis, infectious diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and acute attacks of glaucoma.

Infusion of spring adonis. Prepared from 6 g of grass per 200 ml of water. Take 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. Children are prescribed a teaspoon or a dessert spoon 3-4 times a day (Turova, 1974).

The introduction of adonis into scientific medicine is associated with the name of S.P. Botkin and his student Dr. N.A. Bubnov. They identified a pronounced stimulating and regulating effect of adonis on cardiac activity. In medical practice, they are used for various cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular insufficiency, Graves' disease, in combination with bromine - for neurosis, neurasthenia, hysteria.

pharmaceutical industry releases drugs from Adonis.

"Adonizide" is a novogalenic drug from the herb Adonis. Clear yellowish liquid. Produced in bottles of 15 mm. Assign adults 20-40 drops 2-3 times a day, for children as many drops per reception as the age of the child. The highest dose of an adult is 40 drops - one-time, 120 drops - daily.

"Adonizide dry" - amorphous brownish-yellow powder, easily soluble in water and alcohol. Available in tablets of 0.00075 g. Assign adults inside 1 tablet 2-4 times a day (Sokolov, 1984).

"Dry Adonis Extract". Hygroscopic brownish-yellow powder. Used to make tablets.

Tablets "Adonis-bromine". Contains dry extract of adonis - 0.25 g and potassium bromide - 0.25 g. Assign 1 tablet 2-3 times a day (Zhukov, 1983).

Adonis - old folk remedy. Even in the XVII - XVIII centuries. its grass and roots were widely used for heart and kidney diseases, convulsions, hysteria, edema, dropsy (Gammerman, 1983).

A decoction of adonis roots. To prepare a decoction, one tablespoon of dry roots is poured with two cups of boiling water, brought to a boil, infused for 20 minutes, filtered and taken in a tablespoon 4 times a day for pneumonia (Surina, 1974).

In folk medicine, adonis used for emphysema, nephritis, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs, typhoid, influenza, scarlet fever, convulsions, cough, bone pain, headache, fever, pulmonary tuberculosis, malaria and cancer of the esophagus (Sviridonov, 1984).

In acute and chronic diseases of the kidneys, a mixture is used: adonis grass - 4.0 g, bearberry leaf - 5.0 g, birch buds - 3.0 g, horsetail grass - 2.0 g.

The mixture is poured into 300 g of boiling water, insisted for 2 hours, boiled for 5 minutes on low heat. Take 1 tablespoon every hour. At the same time, a milk, salt-free diet, bed rest, and a bath every other day are prescribed (Nosal, 1960).

"Cardiazide". Mixture equal parts adonizide and cardiomin. Take 15-20 drops 2-3 times a day as a tonic for the cardiovascular system (Turova, 1974).

Adonis preparations increase the contraction of the heart muscle and cut the rhythm of these contractions, contribute to an increase in blood pressure. They are used for heart defects, diseases of the heart muscle, hypertension, cardiosclerosis, defects of rheumatic origin, as an anesthetic (Minaeva, 1991).

Adonis is used with nervous diseases, Graves' disease, inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, with tuberculosis, cough, pneumonia (decoction of the roots), enlarged liver, colds, shortness of breath.

In veterinary medicine, decoction horses are watered when singing (from the fuse). The root is used in the treatment anthrax(Surina, 1974).

Aqueous extracts from the aerial part of the adonis have a pronounced cytotoxic and strong antiviral effect against herpes viruses, influenza, vaccinal virus and polioviruses.

Assign preparations of adonis with a preparation of valerian, lily of the valley, mint (Petkov, 1988).

In India, adonis flowers are used as a laxative, diuretic for kidney stones.

AT Tibetan medicine used in women's diseases.

AT Central Asia used for chills, shortness of breath. Dry grass is sprinkled on wounds.

In Karelia, it is used for boils, scabies as a wound healing agent. Roots for animals. Medonos (Yudina, 1988).

Adonis preparations used mainly for relatively mild forms of chronic circulatory failure. It is recommended as a means of calming the central nervous system in vegetative-vascular dystonia, neuroses.

Side effects : Adonis preparations can cause dyspepsia. They are not recommended for patients suffering from peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with gastritis and enterocolitis.

Adonis herb is part of the anti-asthma mixture.

Still found: Summer Adonis, Apennine Adonis, Turkestan Adonis (Plant Resources, 1985).

A beautiful early flowering perennial, which is not the last among those used in. It is also widely known for its medicinal qualities. It is listed in the international Red Book due to systematic destruction.

Description

A unique plant because it can be grown both and; belongs to the buttercup family. grows in temperate climate Europe and Asia. Regardless of the species, this flower creates low, but quite lush bushes, which during flowering are covered with bright yellow and red, similar to flowers.

Adonis Features:

• with single or branched stems up to 50 cm high, on which leaves are located, consisting of many narrow finger lobules;
• grows in sunny places and in partial shade, prefers light fertile;
• demanding on soil moisture and does not tolerate its drying out;
• one flower grows on the stem - bright, with glossy petals, up to 6 cm in diameter. The flowering period depends on the species and can run from April to June;
• the fruit is a polyhazel with up to 30 wrinkled seeds, at the end of which there is a spout;
• all types of plants do not tolerate transplants;
• adonis is medicinal, and its use in medicine is widespread, but along with this, it also has contraindications.

Did you know? According to ancient Greek mythology, the flower is a symbol of love of the goddess Aphrodite and common man Adonis, who was mortally wounded by a boar while hunting. The goddess mourned her beloved for a long time and, in memory of him, from drops of his blood grew flowers that bloom in early spring.

Common types

The genus Adonis (Adonis) consists of 32 species of annual and perennial plants. Let's consider the most common of them.

Adonis summer

The plant is common in Western Europe and Central Asia. In the people it is also called "ember on fire." It has the following characteristics:

• annual up to 50 cm high with straight stems that sometimes branch out;
• the leaves are petiolate and consist of dissected parts;
• one small flower up to 3 cm in diameter grows on the stem. Its petals are red with a black base. Blooms all summer;
• the seeds germinate very poorly, so it is best to sow in the fall, because in winter they will go through a natural procedure and will sprout well in the spring;
• prefers light areas, but can also bloom in partial shade;
• grows on any and on very hot days is necessary.

Of all the varieties of Adonis, this variety is the most common, widely known and in demand. It grows in steppe zone Europe, the Caucasus and the Crimea. Adonis spring in the people is also called: Montenegrin, hare poppy, spring adonis. It can be described like this:

• perennial plant, up to 40 cm high. Grows in wild nature on forest edges or clearings, as well as among numerous thickets;
• the stems are bare and smooth, arranged vertically upwards. almost do not branch;
• the leaves have an elongated oval shape up to 2 cm in length and consist of many divided lobules;
• the root is short and thick, located strictly vertically, and filiform roots of a dark brown color depart from it to the sides;
• the flower grows at the top of the stem with a diameter of 5 cm and has a rich yellow color. Depending on the climatic conditions of the area where it grows, the flowering period lasts from mid-spring to early summer. The flower appears immediately after the snow melts, and then the green mass of the plant grows;
• the fruits ripen in July, are egg-shaped and are located in wrinkled boxes of 30 pieces each;
• medicinal plant, widely used in the treatment of heart ailments.

Spring adonis has been known in culture since the 16th century. In Europe, breeders have created garden and home forms of the plant, which have been widely used in landscape design since the 18th century.

It grows in the Far East, Japan and other territories. Perennial, which has the following characteristics:

• plant height up to 15 cm. The stems are bare, they have dissected leaves of bright green color on long cuttings;
• bright yellow flowers reach a diameter of 5 cm and appear before the leaves. The flowering period lasts about a crescent;
• the plant propagates by dividing the bush, because its seeds have zero germination.

In Japan, Amur adonis has been cultivated for a long time. There are many varieties created. For example:

1. "Benten" - a white flower, with a fringe along the edge of the petal;
2. "Ramosa" - a double flower of dark red color;
3. "Hinomoto" - inside the petals are painted in a dark orange with a red tint, and outside in bronze-green.

This is the only plant species that, after careful selection, has retained all the characteristics of a wild-growing representative, changing only the color of the flower.

Another name for this variety is Apennine. perennial flower grows in Mongolia, Siberia and eastern Russia. It can be described like this:

• grow up to 60 cm in height. If a weather suitable for their growth, they grow well and their stems branch;
• flowers have a large number of petals of rich yellow color. A fully bloomed bud is about 6 cm in diameter;
• flowering occurs in May-June;
• as a medicinal raw material, the aerial part is used, and it is harvested from the beginning of flowering to fruit ripening.

This species is found in Tibet and the Tien Shan. It is included in the international Red Book. There are few places left where the golden adonis can be found, and its numbers are declining, as people uncontrollably harvest the plant as a medicinal raw material. It looks like this:

• perennial with high decorative and medicinal qualities;
• in nature, the flower blooms at the age of 25, and the plant lives up to 100 years. When grown in the garden, it grows no more than 20 years;
• bushes up to 40 cm high long leaves, which have a triple dissection;
• yellow flowers, outer side petals has a purple tint.

This type of plant is found in Central Asia and the Pamirs. This perennial has the following characteristics:

• reaches a height of up to 70 cm, the trunk is covered with curly hairs;
• flowers solitary, up to 6 cm in diameter, yellow-orange, the lower part of the petals has a light blue color;
• the peculiarity of this species is that at the same time the plant has buds, open flowers and seeds;
• are on the stems side shoots several orders, so one adult bush can have up to 250 flowers;
• loves rich in organic matter;
• the plant is medicinal and its aerial part is used in medicine.

Landing in open ground

One of the ways to obtain high-quality planting material is to plant seeds in open ground. To do this, you need to know some of the nuances: the correct sowing and care of seedlings.

Important! If seedlings do not appear in the spring, do not worry, because they can germinate in a year. To do this, the soil must be kept moist.

When to plant adonis

Since the seeds of the plant quickly lose their ability to germinate, sowing in the ground annual species Adonis flower must be completed immediately after collecting them. The planting procedure is carried out in November, with the deepening of the planting material a couple of centimeters into the ground. Perennials germinate well if the seeds are from plants that are at least six years old and germinate at 5°C. As with annual species, planting is carried out in the fall before winter. If the seed material is purchased in a specialized store, then sowing into the ground is carried out in the spring.

Sowing seeds

For sowing, it is necessary to prepare a soil consisting of sand, leaf ground and (3:1:1). Seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 2 cm. If we plant in a greenhouse in the spring, we cover the planting site plastic wrap to create a microclimate. Shoots appear after 14 days. Before winter, we sow the seeds in containers with the same soil as for the greenhouse. Store in a cool place; when the snow falls, we take the boxes out into the street and throw snow. The first shoots will appear in the spring at an ambient temperature of at least 20 ° C.

Important! Please note that before the onset of cold weather, transplanted delenki must take root, and this requires at least a month.

seedling care

Pledge strong seedlings- compliance with the characteristics of cultivation, which implies proper lighting and regular. Flower crops need bright, but at the same time diffused sunlight. Watering is carried out as the soil dries out, followed by its loosening. Since the seedlings grow up, they break through, leaving a distance between them of at least 15 cm. If the seedlings have grown and grown stronger, they are transplanted into open ground to a permanent habitat. Depending on when the seedlings appeared, the time of their transplantation may be spring or autumn.

reproduction

Adonis can be propagated by dividing the bush and sowing seeds. The second option was described above, but let's talk about the first now:

• the procedure is suitable for plants not younger than 4 years. It is carried out in August and September, but it is possible in the spring only before the start of sap flow;
• dig the bush carefully so as not to damage the roots. Delenki should be large, have one kidney for growth and roots;
• cuts must be disinfected by sprinkling them, and planted immediately;
• the landing site is deeply dug with the introduction.

Care for planted delenki is the same as for seedlings. If flowers appear on the plant, you need to cut them off so that the plant does not waste its strength on them. Otherwise, young, poorly rooted bushes may simply die.

Important! H In order for the adonis delenki to take root well and grow, large bushes need to be divided only into two parts.

Care

If for planting a flower is selected appropriate place and fertile - caring for him will not be difficult:

• the plant is very demanding on soil moisture - it must not dry out, but it does not like stagnant moisture;
• the ground around the bushes must be loosened so that a crust does not form, which blocks the access of oxygen to the roots;
• buds located on the surface of the earth, from which sprouts will appear next year, must be covered with soil during the season;
• complex are applied twice a season: when buds form and early autumn;
• does not respond well to transplantation. If necessary, note: the bush is dug out with a clod of earth so that the roots are not damaged;
• the plant is winter-hardy, so you don’t need to dig it out for the winter - it’s enough to carefully cut the stems in the fall at a distance of 2-4 cm from the ground.

Diseases and pests

Since the plant is very poisonous, it is not subject to any invasions.

Did you know? medicinal properties Adonis are widely used in the treatment of heart disease. Officially, the plant was recognized in medicine in 1880 after a series of tests that took place in the clinic of Professor Botkin.

Medicinal properties of adonis

All types of plants are medicinal. For this purpose, only the aerial part of the flower is used. The highest quality raw materials are harvested on a dry and sunny day when the plant blooms. It is necessary to dry it in the shade, spreading it out in a thin layer. Ready grass is stored in paper boxes and fabric bags for up to 3 years.
It should be noted that adonis, or in the people "Adonis", has undoubted healing properties and can be of great benefit, but still has a number of contraindications.

Thanks to medicinal composition plant is used:

• in cardiac disorders - rhythm disturbance, low blood pressure, heart disease and associated shortness of breath;
• with neurosis and psychosis, especially in drug addicts and people who abuse alcohol;
• with infectious lesions of the kidneys - increases the formation and excretion of urine;
• with infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, severe cough;
• as an analgesic for rheumatic pains in the joints.

Contraindications:

• peptic ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract;
• inflammatory bowel processes;
• hypertension;
• gastritis of the stomach;
• atherosclerosis of the heart;
• during the period of bearing a child provokes a miscarriage.

Important!Spring Adonis is a poisonous and potent plant, so use without consulting a doctor is extremely dangerous, especially with a sick heart. For children under the age of 3 years, the plant is prohibited in any form.

Application

In traditional medicine, adonis is present in preparations:

• "Ankylosing spondylitis" - a sedative;
• "Cardiovalen" - for treatment nervous diseases;
• "Adonis-bromine" is a heart remedy.

AT medicinal herb used for the manufacture of tinctures and decoctions:

• from insomnia: 200 ml of vodka or alcohol is taken in a jar for 25 g of chopped grass. Shake well, close the lid and infuse in a dark place for 2 weeks. Then the finished tincture is filtered and 20 drops are used at night as a sleeping pill, and as a sedative - three times a day. Store in a cold place;

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