Types of electric generators and principles of their work. Varieties of gasoline generators

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT GENERATORS - There are three main types of alternating and direct current generators using the following types fuel (diesel, gasoline, gas). Not sure which type of generator to choose? The company "AGT" offers to buy different types electrical generators, but the most economical are gas, 1 kW - only 2 rubles. The main types of gas-fired alternators are assembled on the basis of the VAZ engine, and have a power of 10 to 35 kW.

Types of electrical generators

AGT specialists will tell you about the types of electric generators and help you with the choice of a DC or AC power plant, design work, warranty and post-warranty service. With a one-year warranty, every kind of electric generator is serviced by our company's engineers. However, the probability of a breakdown is extremely small if the operating rules are followed. In the event of a breakdown, spare parts for current generators are always available in our warehouse. The use of DC generators of the Energy series will also help you in an emergency, when for some reason the central power supply is turned off.

Many private houses and industrial enterprises use different types of electric generators in the mode of constant operation. You can choose an electric generator from the following types:

• Gasoline generator - well suited for use as a backup power source. Very easy to use, does not require special skills to run. Small power from 2-6 kW, as well as overall and weight characteristics allow you to take with you private house, garage, outdoors;
• Diesel power generator - often used as a backup source of electricity in any industry, shops, sports centers, etc. It is widely used for permanent work where it is impossible to find a source of electricity. Expensive kW, about 15 rubles;
• Gas power generator - in 90% of cases they are installed for continuous operation, they save 2.5-3 times, taking into account thermal and electrical energy. Great for 24/7 consumers.

Types of generators for the home

The most economical types of generators for the home are gas. Basically, the fuel for these generators is the central gas pipeline, in this case you do not perform additional actions to refuel or order gas. You can also use different types of fuel carriers: gas cylinders or a gas tank, in which case you will need to change the cylinders and refuel the gas tank, which is installed underground. So you can build completely autonomous system power supply independent of centralized sources. In addition, it provides significant cost savings.

Types of DC generators

The technical parameters of the types of DC generators are as follows: VAZ engine Russian production, Sinocox generator, control system, Datakom (Turkey), consumption natural gas 0.35 m³/h * 1 kW (we can get 3 kW of electricity from 1 m³ of gas), voltage 220V/380V. DC generators can work around the clock, the oil change interval is 300-500 hours. We provide a guarantee of 360 days from the date of signing the acts of putting the generators into operation, which involve a full range of services from our specialists. The motor resource of any type of generators is 28,000 hours. All types of DC generators can be equipped with a strong aluminum noise-absorbing casing, inside it is sheathed with sandwich panels, so it perfectly protects against all weather conditions and noise. For example, if you need a total power of 500 kW, then you can install several 150 kW DC generators in one container, with a total power of 600 kW. AT continuous mode work, you will get the power you need. The advantage of modular connection of generators is low fuel consumption and ease of maintenance. You do not need to turn off the entire power complex.

Advantages of DC Generator Types

• Advantages modular system: All modules are 100% factory ready. Requires only connection to communications on site.
• Maximum compatibility: All AC modules have maximum compatibility with each other. They are designed and manufactured using a single program of components and components that is used for all products manufactured by us. This is especially important for automation and dispatch systems.
• Synchronization: During synchronization with the external network, the consumer does not even know where the electricity is currently coming from. This is extremely important in the boundary conditions of engine operation.

Need more information on generator types?

To power electrical appliances in the absence of a laid power line or when emergency shutdown voltage generators are used . They represent technical devices, which generate electricity while consuming gasoline, diesel or gas.

What is an electric generator and its design

The device is a device consisting of a motor internal combustion, which ensures the unwinding of the armature of a small electric motor, made according to the principle of a generator. As a result of constantly maintaining high speeds, an electrical voltage is created, which is removed to special terminals and output to an external outlet used to connect energy consumers.

Electric generators can be designed for short-term switching on and for permanent job. According to this criterion, they are divided into standby power sources and permanent ones. Reserves are used in cases where it is required to provide power to devices for a short period until the power supply to the network is restored. Permanent stations are used when there is no connection to the power line at all. In this case, the generator is the only source of energy, so it works continuously. Depending on the purpose, the generator equipment can be equipped with an air or water cooling system. Air provide effective reduction body temperature of the device for several hours, and water ones do not allow overheating at all.

It should be borne in mind that during operation the engine creates a lot of noise, which is not always acceptable. For this reason, generators can be produced not only in an open, but also in a noise-absorbing housing, which significantly reduces the noise level. The device with an open case is a power frame on which the internal combustion engine, fuel tank and generator are installed, while they are open, and all components are easily visible. The device in a noise-absorbing case has a special protective casing that prevents the spread of sound and vibration.

Types of generators

Electric generators are usually divided into 3 types depending on the fuel used to generate energy:

• Petrol.
• Diesel.
• Gas.

Each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages that need to be evaluated and selected. suitable model already starting from the tasks scheduled for the generator.

Petrol

Petrol stations run on gasoline, for which they got their name. This category of devices is the cheapest to buy, but very expensive to maintain. Gasoline-powered generators have a compact body and relatively low weight, which makes such stations as mobile as possible. Often they can be placed in the trunk of a car.

Due to their low cost, they are mainly chosen for use as an emergency power source. Switching on for several hours 5-10 times a year will require not so much high costs for the purchase of gasoline, which, against the background of the low cost of the station itself, is very profitable solution. In cases where the generator must run constantly, the gasoline version is completely unacceptable. Firstly, it will be necessary to spend large sums daily on refueling, and secondly, the motor resource of such devices is relatively short.

Diesel

Diesel generators are more economical in terms of fuel consumption, but they are much more expensive and also weigh more. Their motor resource is 3-4 times higher than that of gasoline analogues. The diesel station can work continuously for 10 or more hours at one gas station. Such equipment is rarely chosen for backup power private house due to high cost. The practical fuel savings with several starts per year will be negligible and will not cover the cost of buying a generator.

Diesel stations are chosen in cases where a constant generation of electricity is required. These may be construction sites that are not yet connected to the central power supply network, as well as suburban areas and cottages, with the same problem. It is worth noting that diesel-fueled devices are more powerful and resistant to breakdowns, but very noisy.

Gas

Gas generators are also called dual-fuel because they are equipped with a hybrid engine that can run on both gasoline and bottled gas. Such devices are used as a backup source of energy. The station generates the same amount of electricity on both gas and gasoline. When a hybrid engine is powered from a cylinder, energy generation costs are significantly reduced, since the cost of gas is much lower than gasoline. It is worth noting that dual-fuel stations are quite heavy and not as compact as gasoline ones. Their motor resources also cannot be compared with diesel systems.

Single phase or three phase

Electric generators are single-phase and three-phase. The first is used for food household appliances, which are designed to operate from a network of 220V and 50Hz. They are selected for installation in private homes and offices, where the main task is to ensure the operation of household appliances, such as a computer, a water pump, phone charging, and so on. Also, single-phase generators are used by builders when working at facilities, since it is from such a network that compressors and other equipment are powered.

Three-phase generators produce 380 volts. For home use they are rarely used. They are used to feed industrial equipment. Such a station will allow production to continue even if the power supply has been stopped. A feature of a three-phase generator is that there are two sockets on its body. The first outputs one phase and provides power to ordinary household appliances at 220V, and the second outputs 380V for industrial equipment.

Power calculation

Electric generators offered on the market have a large power range from 0.6 to 10 and more kW. The more productive the station, the more expensive, noisier and less economical it is. For these reasons, you should approach the choice of generator power with all seriousness. If the power is not enough, then at a critical load the device will turn off or simply fail. In the event that a too high performance margin is taken, the device will produce an unreasonably large flow that will not be used. As a result, there will be a significant consumption of fuel, which will significantly increase the cost of the generated energy.

To select an electric generator of the required parameters, it is necessary to calculate the energy consumption of each device that will work from it.

For example, it is required to provide simultaneous power supply:

• Refrigerator 700 watts.
• Air conditioner 1000 watts.
• Lamps for 23 W.
• Computer at 50 watts.

As a result of the calculation, it can be determined that in order to simultaneously supply all these consumers, it is necessary that the generator produces 1773 watts. In addition, it must be borne in mind that individual devices consume more energy at the moment of switching on for not a fraction of a second than directly during the period normal operation. This phenomenon is called the inrush current ratio. For a refrigerator and air conditioner, it is 3.5. For this reason, at the moment of switching on, the refrigerator will sharply require 2450 W, and the air conditioner 3500 W.

Thus, in order for devices with a high inrush current ratio to be able to work, you need a generator with a power not of 1773, but of 6023 watts. To this indicator, you need to add a margin of 20%, which will prevent the generator from stopping and burning out during small jumps in consumption, if an additional light bulb or hair dryer is turned on. In fact, such consumers need a station with a capacity of 7 kW or more. It should be noted that in example devices with a very high inrush current ratio have been proposed. If you use more modest consumers that do not draw a lot of energy when turned on, then for a private house where electricity is turned off for several hours, you only need light, a TV and a computer, so even a 3 kW generator can handle it with ease. The refrigerator will stand for several hours off.

Launch types

According to the type of start, electric generators are divided into 4 groups with:

• Manual starter.
• Electric starter.
• Remote start.
• ATS system.

The generator with a manual starter has a special cord, when pulled out, the crankshaft is untwisted, which starts the engine. These are the most budget devices. To start such a generator, it may be necessary to pull the starter cord several times, which requires some effort, especially in cold weather. Start the engine manually in the cold it is very difficult, especially for powerful generator with high engine compression.

Electric starter generators start like any car. Simply insert the key and turn. The starter is battery operated. There are also generators with remote start. They are a modification of the model with an electric starter, which are additionally equipped with a remote control. remote control. The remote control resembles a conventional car alarm. It allows you to turn it on without leaving your home.

Generators with ATS system work automatically. They are equipped special device, which constantly monitors the presence of electricity in the system. In case of its disconnection, the station is automatically started, and the power supply of electrical appliances is resumed. When the power supply is turned on, the generator turns itself off. This allows you to eliminate excessive fuel consumption in those moments when it is no longer needed.

Generators were invented in order to ensure an uninterrupted supply of electricity by burning other types of fuel, in the event of a loss of the first. Loss of electricity in modern world not uncommon - repairs of old power plants, heavy weather and other force majeure circumstances. For holiday villages to which the electric main has not yet been connected, such equipment is the only way out from a difficult situation.

Electric generators are divided according to the types of fuel consumed, size, number of phases, power. It is the power that autonomous power plant in a group of professional or domestic conditions. Professional power generation stations are allocated huge capacity to serve electrical equipment and the possibility of long and intensive operation. These types of power plants are very expensive and expensive to maintain. Therefore, if this is an emergency type of energy consumption, for example, for production, then in emergency cases, renting a generator is the best way out. This service will save finances in terms of purchase, as well as repairs.

Household power plants are easier to operate, portable, and relatively inexpensive. When choosing this equipment, you need to pay attention to the power of the device. But first you need to calculate the amount of electricity consumed. Do not forget to take into account the starting current factor, which is multiplied by the total number of kilowatts from all equipment connected to the generator. The coefficient depends on the type of device: for a light bulb, for example, it equal to one, and for a refrigerator or air conditioner - 3.5. But in each individual case, consumption must be calculated according to technical specifications household appliances. Generators according to the types of fuel consumed are divided into types:

• diesel;
• gasoline;
• gas turbine;
• inverter.

The most common types of portable power plants, due to the availability of raw materials for work, are the first three on the list.

Diesel generator

This piece of equipment is a power plant with diesel engine. Used for both main and emergency power supply. The cost of the device itself is higher relative to other types, but given the economy in the consumption of raw materials and the long service life, we can say that this is not significant disadvantage. Repair, in comparison with gasoline, will cost more due to spare parts, but saving on high calorific value will minimize doubts about the purchase.

Gasoline generators

The first advantage of the station with gasoline engine is compact and portable. The cost of this type of equipment is relatively low. The next plus there is a low noise level. Due to high-octane gasoline, the internal combustion engine ensures quiet operation of the electric generator. A decisive advantage over a diesel station is environmental friendliness. In order for the engine of a gasoline installation to work longer, it is necessary to carry out repairs in time at special service centers and change wearing materials.

Gas turbine generators

This gas turbine plant is needed to produce gas to continue the operation of domestic boilers, industrial boilers, other heating and drying equipment, as well as gas turbines. The gas generator, thanks to thermochemistry and oxygen, turns solid fuels into combustible gas. It is an alternative to liquid fuels and natural gas.

inverter generators

The advent of the inverter generator helped to take the next step in the future progress of the civilized population. Sound-absorbing system, high environmental friendliness, overload protection and reduced fuel consumption are just the main advantages of the new generation of a very compact and user-friendly digital power generator.

Generators are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. As a rule, they produce two types of electric current - direct and alternating.

DC and AC generators

If we consider DC generator, then its structure includes a fixed stator with a rotating rotor and an additional winding. Due to the movement of the rotor, an electric current is generated. DC generators are mainly used in the steel industry, marine vessels and public transportation.

Alternators generate energy by rotating the rotor in a magnetic field. By rotating a rectangular contour around a fixed magnetic field, mechanical energy is converted into electrical current. This type generator has the advantage that the rotor (the main driving element) rotates faster than in alternators.

Synchronous and asynchronous generators

Generators producing alternating current there are synchronous and asynchronous. They differ from each other in their capabilities. We will not consider in detail their principle of operation, but will dwell only on some features.

Synchronous generator structurally more complex than asynchronous, it produces a cleaner current and at the same time easily tolerates starting overloads. Synchronous units are great for connecting equipment that is sensitive to voltage drops (computers, TVs and various electronic devices). Also, they do an excellent job with the power supply of electric motors and power tools.

Asynchronous generators, due to the simplicity of the design, it is sufficiently resistant to short circuits. For this reason, they are used to power welding equipment and power tools. In no case can high-precision equipment be connected to these units.

Single-phase and three-phase generators

It is necessary to take into account the characteristic associated with the type of current generated. single phase models give out 220 V, three-phase- 380 V. These are very important technical parameters that every buyer needs to know.

Single-phase models are considered the most common, as they are often used for household needs. Three-phase allow you to directly supply electricity to large industrial facilities, buildings and entire villages.

Before buying a generator, you need to have certain technical information, understand how they differ, as this will help you choose a decent model, specifically for your needs, and also get rid of extra hassle and save money.

LLC "Kronvus-South" sells and manufactures , and which you can buy at a bargain price.

The structure of electric generators includes two main units - the power plant, which drives the generator and the alternator. This article will discuss the types of generators depending on the type of alternator.

The basic basis for installations that generate electricity using electromagnets was developed by the British experimenter and physicist Michael Faraday in 1831, who then built the Faraday disk, one of the first. After that, electric generators were constantly improved over a century and a half. Asynchronous and synchronous alternators were created, one and three-phase, without inverter control and with it. What is the difference between all these types?

In a synchronous alternator, electricity is produced at the same speed as the stator and rotor. An electromotive force or EMF is created when the field formed by the magnetic poles of the rotor crosses the starter winding. In such a generator, the rotor is either permanent magnet, or an electromagnet, which has a number of poles that is a multiple of two. A two-pole rotor, which has a rotation speed of 3000 rpm, is installed in standby generators, and in the main generators that generate electricity around the clock, the rotor rotates at a frequency of 1500 rpm.

After starting the synchronous generator, the rotor generates a rather weak magnetic field, but gradually the number of its revolutions increases and the EMF increases. At the output, voltage stability is controlled by a block automatic adjustment(AVR), which changes the magnetic field when voltage is applied to the rotor from the field winding. During the operation of synchronous generators, an “armature reaction” may occur, that is, when an inductive load is activated, the generator is demagnetized and the voltage drops. And in the case when a capacitive load is applied, on the contrary, the generator is magnetized and the voltage rises.

The advantage of synchronous generators is the stable output voltage, but their disadvantage is the tendency to overload, which is possible when the loads grow and exceed allowable level, that is, the current in the rotor winding is excessively increased by the AVR unit.

A synchronous generator is capable of producing for a short time such a current at the output, which can exceed the nominal value by several times. Since some electrical appliances, which include electric motors, compressors, pumps and some others, require an increased starting current, and they put an increased load on the network, then the best source, both the main and backup power for them will be just such alternators.

The rotation of the rotor in such generators is slightly faster than the magnetic field that is created by the stator. Such electric generators come with rotors with two types of winding - short-circuited and phase. At asynchronous generator the principle of operation is exactly the same as that of its synchronous counterpart - the stator creates a magnetic field on the auxiliary winding, which is then transferred to the rotor and forms an EMF on the stator winding. But the difference lies in the fact that the frequency with which the magnetic field rotates is unchanged, that is, its adjustment is unacceptable. That is why the frequency electric current, which is produced by the alternator, and the voltage are directly related to the number of revolutions of the rotor, which in turn depend on the stable operation of the drive motor of the electric generator.

Asynchronous alternators have high protection against external actions and are rather insensitive to short circuits which makes them ideal for welding machines. These generators are also well-suited for powering ohmic (resistive) load appliances that convert virtually all of the electricity supplied to them into work - computers, lighting lamps, cooking hobs, heaters, etc.

High reactive (starting) load that occurs when switching on, for example, pumping equipment, lasts about a second, but the generator must withstand it. And here's the thing - let's say that you need to budge a heavy cart that is installed on horizontal surface. In order to move the cart, it is necessary to apply much more effort, which is necessary in order to keep it moving. It is the same situation that occurs when starting the compressor of a refrigerator or a split system, electric motors and any pumps, so only a synchronous electric generator can cope with it.

Reactive loads in the central power grid are compensated with chokes or capacitors, as well as with the help of a specially increased cross-section electrical cables and transformers.

The asynchronous alternator has a significant drawback - it is not able to withstand increased loads. But, despite this, it is simpler in design and cheaper than the synchronous counterpart. Besides, asynchronous electric generators have closed structure that can provide them good protection from moisture and external contaminants.

Three-phase and single-phase generator

Some people are convinced that a single-phase power generator is worse than a three-phase one. The logic of those who do not understand electricity is easy to understand - one phase is less than three, and therefore worse. In fact, it is necessary to choose between three- and single-phase power supply based on the needs of end users.

An electric generator that has three phases is not needed to power three groups of single-phase consumers, but to power three-phase devices.

It happens that the wiring of a three-phase input in a house is carried out into single-phase groups, but this is beneficial not for residents, but for electricians, since this requires very expensive protection of the power system, and its installation is very expensive. Almost all modern Appliances is single-phase, and old models of electric motors and electric stoves were three-phase.

Three-phase electric motors have one significant drawback - with an alternator power of, for example, 10 kW, the power of each phase will be 3.3 kW. Among the phases, the maximum possible displacement of the power load cannot exceed 25% of the nominal, which is 1/3 total power generator. Based on this, a single-phase generator with a power of 4.5 kW will be more powerful than a three-phase generator with 10 kW.

The inverter alternator has an electronic control unit that is able to provide excellent quality electricity, without any voltage drops. Inverter alternators are great for powering loads that need only the rated voltage.

An inverter control system is installed on a synchronous alternator and operates in three stages: it produces a voltage with a frequency of 20 Hz; then it generates a direct current of 12 V; further, the direct current is converted into a rated alternating current, having a frequency of 50 Hz.

Inverter generators are divided into three types according to the impulse voltage at the output:

1. The cheapest models are characterized by a rectangular pulse. Such models can only power construction power tools. This type of inverter is almost no longer sold, as it has little popularity and very limited capabilities.
2. Mid-price generators can provide trapezoidal momentum. This allows them to power fairly complex household electrical appliances such as a refrigerator. But for the most sensitive technology, this voltage quality is often insufficient.
3. With a sinusoidal impulse, the most Better conditions for the operation of any device - from the simplest to the most complex. The sinusoidal voltage has stable characteristics and exactly matches all the parameters of electricity supplied by the central power grids. The cost of such inverters is much higher than that of the other two types.

Advantages of inverter generators:

• much less weight and dimensions when compared with simple generators the same power;
• less noise during operation, which is achieved due to the fact that the speed of rotation of the rotor changes;
• very low fuel consumption, which is achieved using electronic control the process of generating electricity. The generator produces the amount of energy required for this moment to all consumers, and its productivity decreases or increases with a corresponding decrease or increase in the number of consumers;
• since they are based on a synchronous alternator, inverters can briefly supply high starting current to energy-intensive equipment. In addition, some models of inverter generators have an “overload mode” function, in which the inverter can produce power 50% more than the nominal one. But this mode can last about 20-30 minutes;
• good time between failures - about 3 thousand hours.

Disadvantages:

• maximum time continuous work is 8 hours;
• have more high cost compared to non-inverter analogues of the same power;
• the electronic control unit is quite sensitive to temperature changes, and its repair is quite expensive;
• the maximum power of generators of this type is 7.2 kW, and there are no models with higher power.

findings

All the types of generators discussed above, except inverter ones, can be used not only in low-power household models of power plants, but also in large generator systems that generate megawatts of electricity.