Varieties of hot pepper. Hot (hot) pepper - types, varieties and cultivation

If Caucasians cannot imagine a single dish in their kitchen without this ingredient, then Ukrainians are more restrained in this regard. But still, the culture is grown in large quantities in many private farmsteads and not only. You can even see the luxurious stems of hot peppers on.

Plant distinguished by its adaptability to any conditions, so its cultivation even for beginners does not create much trouble. And the main secret of a successful harvest, of course, lies in the right choice.

A selection of the best varieties of bitter pepper for can be found later in the article.

This is a medium-early variety, which is a rather elastic and powerful stems, up to half a meter high. Due to the thick shoots, the plant holds firmly and does not need additional supports. The fruits in the ripening phase acquire a bright red color and a conical shape.

They differ from other such plants in their large size and decent weight. On average, one ripe pepper weighs about 10 g. The skin on the fruit is thin.

Flesh - dark red, fleshy and thick. It tastes very spicy with a pleasant peppery aroma. They are used for cooking as a raw, dried and ground form. It is this feature of the Adjika variety that makes it possible to classify it as a universal variety.

Did you know? As part of the acute plant species, the following were found: proteins (2 g), carbohydrates (7.4 g), fats (0.44 g), iron (1 μg), copper (129 μg), manganese (187 μg), potassium (322 mcg), phosphorus (43 mcg), beta-carotene (534 mcg), folic acid (23 mg), ascorbic acid (144 mg), riboflavin (0.08 mg), pyridoxine (0.5 mg).

It is a representative of the group of early ripe varieties of bitter pepper, and according to the description it is close to the previous variety.

"Fiery Bouquet" also has powerful stocky sprouts that stretch up to 40–50 cm in length and can develop safely without support. The fruits are formed in the shape of a cone and reach a length of up to 12–13 cm.

Ripe specimens are poured with a bright red tint, but they lose in weight compared to the Adjika variety. Average weight one copy 15–25 g. The flesh is also red, but not so fleshy.

The pepper tastes very bitter. Mistresses recommend it for homemade, and lovers of spicy dishes note the excellent taste in dry and ground form.

Did you know? The championship in the nomination "the hottest pepper in the world" belongs to the Indian variety "Bhut Jolokia".

The mid-season variety "Dragon's Language" is characterized by bushiness and strength of the stems., this is a very tall plant that reaches a height of up to 1 m. The fruits are elongated, resemble in shape a long red pod with a curved end and flattened sides.

In appearance, the pepper really resembles a tongue up to 15 cm long. The average weight of one vegetable is about 6–7 g. The taste is very sharp and burning.

By maturity This variety is mid-season. For the full ripening of fruits, which are characterized by an excellent spicy smell and rich red or in green, 130 days is enough.

Before the fruit ripens, the vegetable bush stretches up to 80 cm and branches well. Ripe fruits outwardly resemble a trunk, have a distinct aroma. The harvest of this plant is used for drying, home preservation and manufacturing.

Hot peppers of this variety are classified as mid-season species and note its high yield, good taste and commercial qualities, as well as high level resistance to different

The plant reaches up to 75 cm in height and is a fairly compact bush. From the moment of planting to the beginning of fruiting, more than 110 days are needed.

The fruits are characterized by green and dark red hues, narrow conical shape and intensely spicy flesh. The wall thickness of a mature pepper is about 3–5 mm, and the weight is 3–4 g.

From one square meter area, with proper cultivation, you can collect up to 2.5 kg of crop. It is used fresh and pickled.

Important! For good germination of the bitter variety, the seeds should be soaked in water with the addition of a growth stimulator for several hours.

A feature of the variety is a tall and sprawling bush, the stems of which reach up to one and a half meters, and the fruits are early ripe. The peppers themselves are drooping, have the shape of an elongated cone, with green and red coloring.

The weight of each fruit is about 3.5 g. They taste hot, very sharp. Suitable for canning, drying and raw consumption.

Early ripe variety, which is characterized by excellent sharpness and rich red color of the fruit. The culture develops rapidly, forming compact bushes up to 60 cm high. Peppers are formed cone-shaped, up to 14 cm long. They weigh an average of 30-60 g each. They have a pleasant aroma.

"Cyclone"

This is a very early variety. For full ripening of fruits, from the moment of planting, the plant needs only 90 days. The culture develops in the form of a compact bush with a height of no more than 60 cm.

The ovary is formed in bundles. The fruits resemble an elongated cone up to 10 cm long, green and red. They have a delicate pleasant aroma and a burning taste. The weight of each pepper is on average 25–30 g. Harvest is used for marinades and cooking spices.

​Related Articles​

The main types of hot pepper

"Indian Summer",​ ​Cayenne.​

• Light.
• Habanero.
• Peppers have a long growing season. In early ripening varieties, technical (removable) ripeness in film shelters occurs in 105–110 days, in medium-early varieties, in 110–120 days after mass shoots. Therefore, in the middle lane, pepper is grown through seedlings. Seeds for sowing are prepared in the same way as for a tomato. Sowing in seed boxes is carried out on February 10–15. Seedlings dive according to the scheme 6x6 cm and 7x7 cm into boxes or mayonnaise plastic pots. Seedling care is the same as for tomato seedlings. By the time of planting, the seedlings should have 7-9 leaves. In film shelters from autumn or spring, before planting seedlings, 4–5 kg of compost per 1 m2 or humus are added, and 25–30 g per 1 m2 of complex mineral fertilizers. An additional 3–5 g of granular superphosphate is given to each well before planting.
• Early varieties of pepper allow you to get a guaranteed harvest even in a short summer.
• Habanero red.

The presence of hot pepper can be observed not only in dishes and canned food, but also in medicines (pepper plaster for sciatica, warming ointments) and self-defense products (pepper tear spray).

The hottest peppers

​Early ripe beautiful plant has small yellow elongated fruits. They have a pleasant, slightly sour, spicy taste.

Popular habaneros

Their dimensions do not exceed 2.5 cm in diameter. However, this feature does not diminish the dignity of the variety. The pod is quite juicy and soft. The highlight of the variety is the characteristic cherry aroma. Small fruits are similar in size and shape to a cherry. The sharpness of this pepper on the Scoville scale is 160 thousand units.​

Variety Habanero Chocolate (Congo Black)

Among vegetable crops, pepper is especially popular. These are tender annuals or perennials which belong to the Solanaceae family. Branched pepper bushes have an upright stem. The large leaves are oval in shape. Plants generally reach a height of up to 60 cm. Single flowers of this vegetable crop are shaped like an asterisk. The color of flowers in different varieties is different. They can be white, purple or grey. value this plant are its fruits - pods. They differ in color and taste. Vegetable culture includes two groups - these are sweet and hot peppers. Varieties are grouped according to distinctive characteristics and features.​
"Hungarian yellow"

A new type of pepper, which has been grown in Russia for only a few decades. Relatively hot (35640 on the Scoville scale), it is used equally successfully both for cooking and for preservation and processing into powder. It is planted only by seedlings, the seeds require very complex care and a long germination period, which makes it impossible to plant it in open ground. Not bad has proved itself when planting in greenhouses and flower pots. It bears fruit for a long time, from one bush you can get up to 500 fruits for several months.

Grade Habanero Orange

The most popular hot pepper in many regions of Russia.
​This type is the leader among all hot vegetables and is considered the sharpest in the world (​

Exquisite aromatic chili

Seedlings are planted in rows with distances between them of 40–45 cm, and in a row between plants - after 30–40 cm, that is, 7–8 plants are placed per 1 m2. Variety Winnie the Pooh can be planted thicker - up to 10 plants per 1 m2. Landing is carried out approximately May 15-25, depending on weather conditions. The film is pulled over the shelters a week before planting, so that the soil has time to warm up well.

Trinidad Small Cherry

Swallow
Variety - the standard of the greatest sharpness in peppers. Gives a score of 10 out of 10 on the hotness scale. Despite the small size of heart-shaped fruits of about 15 grams, you can get

Those who regularly consume capsicum are often in a good mood. This is due to the fact that the sharpness of the pepper irritates the mucous membranes, and, interacting with the brain, allows you to develop the so-called hormones of happiness - endorphins.

Family 7 Pot

It is used fresh. Also, this pepper is used to prepare sauces and marinades.

Noteworthy are the late-ripening varieties of this series Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Red, Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Yellow.

The history of growing an amazing vegetable crop begins far in the past. Peppers are believed to be native to Central and South America. It is now quite popular and grown all over the world.​

Pepper 7 Pot Primo

"Goldfinger" ​Hungarian

Grade 7 Pot Gigantic (Giant)

With a spark

Varieties of the species Capsicum annuum

420 thousand Scoville units

Pepper care is almost the same as that of a tomato. The difference is that pinching is not carried out here, only stepchildren are removed to the first fork.

​. Mid-early variety for film greenhouses and shelters. Stem up to 100 cm in height, cone-shaped fruit, weighing 50–80 g, wall thickness 5–6 mm. In technical ripeness, the fruits are light green, and in biological ripeness they are red.

• yield over 1 kg
• It is known that men who like a lot of spicy have an increased temperament. This is due to the fact that in addition to the burning taste, red pepper contains vitamins C, PP, carotenoids, which together have a beneficial effect on the activity of the prostate gland.
• Unlike the Jalapeno group, these are quite hot peppers. The fruits of this family are characterized by a high content of capsaicin. Undersized bushes have elongated pods, reaching a length of 8 to 15 cm. They are painted red or yellow. The varieties are high yielding. The best varieties of hot pepper will provide ripening per season up to 40 fruits. Among them, noteworthy are chilies such as Cayenne Yellow Candle, Little Yellow Cherry, Cayenne Gold, Cayenne Red.​
• This series includes mainly late-ripening chili varieties. The period for obtaining fruits of technical maturity is 120 days.​
• Pepper surprises with its variety. There are more than 3000 varieties of this crop. Plants are grouped according to characteristic features. For hot peppers, this parameter is the quality of the fruit. The classification takes into account color, shape, aroma and taste. The tests are based on determining the presence of capsaicin in the fruit, the content of which affects the spiciness of the vegetable. Measurements of this parameter are carried out on the Scoville scale. All hot peppers are otherwise called chili. They are grouped in the genus Capsicum. The plant that "bites" is the main characteristic of all the chillies included in it. The genus is a full member of the Solanaceae family. It consists of five domesticated species. The following can be distinguished:

"Carmen"

mexican chili jalapeno

Pepper - early ripe, almost sweet (3000-7000 on the Scoville scale), has a wonderful vegetable smell that can be felt without even cutting the fruit. It is also called one of the varieties of paprika. It occupies one of the first places in the food industry, is grown by farms, as it is unpretentious to weather conditions, moisture and feels good in open ground. Productivity almost does not depend on predecessors, with minimal fertilizer it can give up to 3.5-4.3 kg/m2. Technical ripeness occurs approximately 53-68 days after germination. Initially, the birthplace of this vegetable is Mexico (despite its name), but then it began to be intensively grown in Europe, and then in Russia and other countries of the post-Soviet space. It has juicy pulp and a relatively large mass.

They call different plants, but initially it was an early ripe variety, characterized by a large long single fruit and a weight of up to 22-35 grams. Grown

Jalapeno Yellow Mexican Pepper

). Despite the rather harmless appearance (most of all it looks like paprika) in the form of a dark red heart, it has an incredible pungency, which makes it almost impossible to eat it raw - only for canning and grinding into spices. The yield is one of the highest, since up to 70-90 peppers can be tied on one bush, which weigh up to 30-50 grams at the stage of technical ripeness. At good watering and fertilizing bushes, pepper can produce 3-4 crop waves per year. The plant is a very good decoration for a vegetable garden or garden, as the fruits can be different color, from bright yellow to dark brown, and such a rainbow can form on one bush. It is not necessary to water the pepper often, but generously so that the earth is completely saturated with moisture - the harvest will be much larger.

Top dressing on pepper is carried out more often than on tomato. When forming fruits, watering is also given more often.

cayenne peppers

Winnie the Pooh

Chile Capsicum baccatum

. Easily adapts to various growing conditions, and can even grow on a windowsill in a pot.​
One more thing useful property hot pepper is an analgesic effect. In pharmacology, creams and ointments are made from it, which reduce pain without paralyzing side effect. Therefore, the pepper patch quickly relieves the symptoms of sciatica and joint diseases.

Peppers of the species Capsicum frutescens

The rainforests of Brazil are considered to be the birthplace of these unusual peppers. These are "berry-like", rather powerful plants. They reach a height of up to 1.5 meters. A distinctive feature of this species is the unusual color of flowers, the corollas of which have yellow or brown spots. The taste of fruits of an unusual shape may be slightly sharp or burning.

hairy peppers

They are distinguished by a rather unusual shape of the fetus, as well as a high content of capsaicin. Pretty hot palatability these hot peppers are different. Varieties of this family are close relatives of Trinidad scorpions. The main similarity is the unusual shape of the fruit and the characteristic fruity aroma.

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Red capsicum and what are its popular varieties good for?

Origin of red capsicum

Capsicum annuum.

"Cone", All of the above types are versatile in use and are great for canning, stuffing, use as spices and additives to first courses. Due to the relatively low pungency, they can make out a delicate flavor bouquet and exceptional aromas, due to which these vegetables are very popular with gardeners and gardeners. The second place of honor among the most burning vegetables is occupied by the variety For sweet peppers in early August, it is advisable to pinch the tops of the stems, while removing all the buds and flowers. After 10-15 days, the operation should be repeated. This will contribute to the growth of existing ovaries, and then by the time the planting is eliminated, the plants will not have small non-marketable fruits. . An early variety, a small stem - 30 cm, a fruit - 50 g, for film structures and open ground, it is distinguished by a high yield ripening - 10-14 days. Dragon language.

To prepare a supply of hot pepper for a long time, it is dried and ground to a powder. Such a product is called paprika and is made from varieties of medium pungency. Paprika can be added to various dishes, make tinctures in an alcohol solution.

There is a pleasant fruity aroma. Among the plants noteworthy are hot peppers of the Aji Orchid variety. Also popular are peppers called Bishop's Crown and Baccatum. They are suitable for growing at home.​

Like all plants of this species, chili of this family is grown seedling way. When disembarking at open ground attention should be paid to soil fertility. For the normal development of the plant, warmth, good lighting and regular soil moisture, timely fertilization are necessary. Capsicum chinense.

What is the use of hot pepper?

"Confetti"

For those who are looking for a spicier vegetable, but do not want to feel all the hotness of the Habanero or the Chilean variety, there are softer varieties of pepper, but at the same time, much hotter than the previous group.

​mainly for sale, as it has a neat appearance, large size. As for the hotness of pepper - 165,500 Scoville units, which is enough big number for a domestic vegetable.​

Bhut Jolokia

During the growing season, plants are tied to stakes 2-3 times.

Snow White

Growing features.

The earliest ripe variety of hot peppers. A tall plant produces very long trunk-shaped fruits, weighing about 3 grams. The plant is unpretentious and does not require shaping. When you eat enough spicy fruits, you feel like a fire-breathing dragon.

If a person does not tolerate a burning taste, then in case of accidental consumption or contact with the skin or eyes, they usually run to drink or immediately rinse with water. This is not recommended, as the burning effect only intensifies. The secret is that the sharpness can be reduced quickly only by using acidified water or eating acidic foods, for example, add to water. citric acid, vinegar or eat a sour apple, an unripe tomato.

Shrub plants - this is the main meaning of the name of this group. It is less popular than the previous ones. This species is represented by well-known varieties of Tabasco and Malaga. Peppers grow in compact bushes. The fruits are elongated and red in color. They differ not large sizes. The length of the pod does not exceed 4 cm. The advantage of Tabasco is the juiciness of the fruit, which has a moderate sharpness. On the Scoville scale, it ranges from 30 to 50 thousand units. Varieties suitable for growing in containers.​

This variety is called the "fire demon". The unusual shape of the fruit resembles a scorpion. Bright fruits are red.

The most popular varieties.

Capsicum baccatum.

"Medusa" Jalapeno (​

These varieties of pepper are intended for the preparation of spices, powders, medicinal mixtures and as an ingredient in canning. They are practically not eaten at the stage of technical ripeness, as they are very hot and can damage the mucous membrane. (285,000 units of sharpness). The height of the bush is on average from 60 to 90 cm, the fruit itself is small, in the region of 4-5 centimeters. Grown as in greenhouse conditions both on the windowsill and in the open ground, but requires a high temperature for normal development (it will not grow below +22 0С and the fruits will be small). The period until technical maturation is 90 days. The pulp has a medium sharpness, the seeds are extremely high.

The fruits of sweet pepper are usually harvested unripe. Suitability for harvesting is determined by a slight crackling of the walls of the fruit when lightly pressed with your fingers. When harvested in red (biological) ripeness, the fruits contain more sugar, they will be tastier, but the overall yield will be significantly lower. Early ripe variety, for film shelters, stem - 50 cm, cone-shaped fruit, weighing 80–90 g, wall thickness 6–7 mm.

Thus, hot pepper not only has spicy fruits that are eaten, but is also an ornamental crop that can decorate the interior of a house for a long time. Since hot pepper comes from tropical countries, it is naturally a heat-loving crop. It does not tolerate frost at all, and at temperatures below +14 degrees it stops growing, then the leaves begin to turn yellow and die. Therefore, it is mainly grown through seedlings, and planted in the ground only when the soil is well warmed up and there is no likelihood of return frosts.

Capsicum Pubescens is a type of chili that is not very popular. It is represented by varieties of Rokoto and Manzano. At the end of each pod is a process resembling a sting of a scorpion. Exotic external data is combined with a pleasant fruity aroma. This variety is considered the record holder for pungency. The content of capsaicin on the Scoville scale ranges from eight hundred thousand to one million units. A tall, highly branched powerful plant can reach a height of up to 1.3 meters. Capsicum frutescens."Master"

Jalapeno For gourmets who cannot imagine the first dish without delicious hot peppers and use it wherever possible, there are special table varieties. They have minimal pungency, and some of them are slightly "angrier" than paprika. Thus, you can feel the whole bouquet of aromas without jamming it with a large mass of products to neutralize the burning sensation in the oral cavity. Consider the most "loyal" plant options.

Fiery maiden.

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Sweet and spicy pepper

Popular varieties of hot peppers can be found in any specialized catalog. The cultivation technology does not differ from sweet peppers. Hot peppers are harvested at full ripeness, when the fruits turn red and the seeds are ripe. Green fruits from the last harvest from hot peppers ripen easily at a temperature of + 20-25 ° C. It is necessary to carefully remove the fruits from sweet pepper, since its stem is rather fragile and breaks easily.

Dwarf.

In culture, gardeners grow sweet pepper, which is used as an everyday vegetable in fresh and processed form, and hot pepper, which is a seasoning. We will tell you about the varieties and rules for growing various types of this crop.​

Hot pepper plants grow rather slowly; seedlings of at least 60 days old are usually planted in the ground. When planting, the main thing is not to deepen the root neck, it must be at the level of the soil, otherwise the plant will lag behind in growth. The discovery of a sharp burning taste, so accustomed to various dishes around the world, belongs to the Spanish and Portuguese navigators who brought it from South America to our mainland called "Indian pepper". The indigenous people called it "agi". Currently, there are a lot of names for this plant: hot, hot, hot pepper, cayenne pepper, paprika.​

Pepper will pleasantly surprise not only with a burning taste, but also with the large size of the fruit. Red pods are not inferior in size to bell peppers. At the same time, in open ground conditions, the bushes reach a height of 15 to 30 cm. The sharpness on the Scoville scale is from eight hundred thousand to one million units.

Capsicum pubescense.

Pepper Care

"Little Miracle"

Crown

For many years, this variety was grown only on the territory of Bulgaria, where it was used in breeding plots for crossing with paprika in order to obtain new species. Now on the territory of the Russian Federation it is perfectly acclimatized and gives good harvests. From one bush you can collect up to 100-150 pods per season, and this is not the limit. For best results, foliar application is necessary during the flowering stage. It is advisable to organize drip irrigation, as

​We offer the most popular sweet pepper dishes.​

Early varieties of pepper

Early ripe variety, standard stem, 30–40 cm high, cone-shaped fruit, weighing 80 g, wall thickness 7 mm, yellowish in technical ripeness.

Pepper belongs to the nightshade family. According to biological features, pepper is a perennial plant, but in culture it is used as an annual plant. Peppers are native to Central America. In our country, pepper is widely distributed in the southern regions - the Lower Volga region, Rostov, the North Caucasus, where it is cultivated in open ground. In more northern areas, peppers are grown only in protected ground. Ornamental hot peppers can be grown in a pot on a windowsill. They are sown immediately with seeds in a pot and are not transplanted. Peppers really don't like transplanting. Top dressing should include the whole complex of nutrients, preferably in the same proportions, for example N16P16K16, so any universal fertilizer will do.

Red capsicum is a very close relative, bell pepper, tomato and potato. They all belong to the Solanaceae family, since their flower structure is very similar. What gives paprika its pungent taste? In his Annual plants - the semantic meaning of this species. But this definition is not entirely correct. Chili of this species are perennial plants of the Solanaceae family. However, they are mostly grown as annuals or biennials. Chile is a tropical plant. perennial cultivation maybe in suitable conditions growth or in closed ground conditions.​

In addition, twenty-six wild species are known."Orange Miracle"

It is a variety of Habanero, but, unlike it, a softer variety and is used by lovers of "sharper" raw. The fruit has a size of 3-5 centimeters, depending on the quality of the irrigation. How more water, the pepper will be juicier, and its taste will be softer. The bush can reach up to 160 centimeters (!) in height, and the harvest from one such "tree" often reaches 5-6 kg per season. It is most popular in Vietnamese and Chinese cuisine, where it is used to make spices and cook most of the dishes with it. spicy dishes. Late, from germination to technical ripeness for at least 113 days. Considered one of the most delicious and fragrant varieties of pepper. It has a specific aroma, reminiscent of the smell of paprika and apple, juicy pulp. Excellent for making salsa and salads. Many use

sweet pepper varieties

fiery maiden

Lecho. Other varieties of sweet pepper are recommended for use in the climate zone middle lane Russia exclusively for cultivation in protected ground. For film shelters in individual areas, the following varieties are of interest.​

By taste, pepper is conventionally divided into two types: hot and sweet (vegetable). In hot pepper plants, the leaves are small, the fruits are thin-walled, often elongated-conical in shape, directed downwards. The fruits of the plants are used in full ripeness, whole or ground into powder, as a spicy seasoning in cooking. Sweet pepper plants have larger bushes, their leaves are wider, the fruits are thick-walled (4–6 mm), more often blunt in shape, directed up or down. Fresh unripe fruits are used for food, as well as for canning. Pepper diseases and its dangerous pests for sharp varieties are not terrible, since capsaicin, which gives sharpness, protects plants from them. The main thing before sowing seeds is to disinfect them for 20 minutes. in a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 100 g of water), while the seeds should turn brown. Therefore, it is quite easy to obtain environmentally clean production this plant.

The composition contains an alkaloid - capsaicin, which has the very point​Pepper vegetable type Capsicum annuum are branchy shrubs reaching a height of 30 to 50 cm. The fruits of such chilies are quite fleshy and have a pleasant taste. Unlike the previous species, they are less sharp and have different shape and color. Varieties of this species differ early dates maturation. The period for obtaining fruits of technical ripeness ranges from 70 to 80 days.

Varieties belonging to the species Capsicum chinense are considered the most burning. The semantic meaning of this species is a plant "from China". However, this definition is considered unfortunate. Peppers of this species have nothing to do with China. The homeland of plants is the territory located in the Amazon basin. All varieties of this species are thermophilic and moisture-loving. They have the highest capsaicin scores on the Scoville scale. This group is quite large. Distinctive features of plants are a strongly pronounced burning taste and a characteristic fruity aroma. These qualities determined its popularity among chefs. To prepare all kinds of sauces, such hot peppers are used. Varieties of this species can be divided into several groups. "Octopus",

New Year's Pepper

Red fat man.

Agrotechnics of growing sweet pepper

Crown

loves water. The mass of one fruit, as a rule, is no more than 5-6 grams, the height of the bush is up to 120 centimeters. Often used in canning or for processing into spices, it is practically not eaten raw.

For 3 kg of sweet pepper peeled and cut into strips, take 1 cup of tomato paste, 3 cups of water, 1 cup of vegetable oil, 1 cup of sugar. Add salt to taste. Boil 15 minutes. The hot mass is laid out in sterilized jars, rolled up. At night they are wrapped in a fur coat for additional pasteurization.

Tenderness

sweet pepper

Among the population, various varieties of hot peppers have gained popularity with different form fruits and degree of pungency. We present a description of the best of them.​

. In this regard, a consonant botanical name of the genus Capsicum is given, which includes various types peppers. Depending on the content of capsaicin, they are divided by pungency. There is a 10-point scale for the spiciness of peppers, and the American chemist also developed the Socoville scale of the same name, which shows how many times you need to dilute pepper powder so as not to feel its spiciness. Maximum per this moment- this is

Varieties of hot pepper

Grown mainly in seedlings. The main requirements are the fertility and looseness of the soil. For cultivation, well-lit, draft-protected areas are suitable. During the period of growth and ripening of fruits, regular watering and fertilizing are necessary. These are quite common, popular hot peppers. The species Capsicum annuum is represented by five domesticated groups, such as:​

Dishes with sweet pepper

Hot peppers have been found in Mexico. The sharpness of the varieties of this group varies from one hundred thousand to one million units on the Scoville scale. They are considered champions in burning qualities among chili peppers. In 2000, the Habanero Red Savina variety was included in the Guinness Book of Records. Features of the taste qualities of this group of plants is a citrus flavor. Over the years, as a result of breeding work, various varieties have been obtained, which are successfully grown in many countries of the world. When leaving, it should be noted that the plants are thermophilic and photophilous. The varieties of this family are grown in seedlings. Terms of sowing seeds to obtain planting material fall in February-March. Seedlings are planted in open ground in well-lit areas with sufficient soil fertility. When leaving, regular watering and fertilizing is necessary.

"Acute room", Result of Russian selection, late ripening (115 days before technical maturation). Showed itself as cold-resistant, unpretentious to moisture. It is practically not damaged by pests, as the leaves are bitter. The bush can reach 90 cm in height, the average yield per 1 square meter is from 2.2 to 2.85 kg. The length of one fruit is up to 18 centimeters with a diameter of 3.2-4.6 cm, due to which it is supplied to the shelves of many supermarkets and imported abroad. Hotness - 39,000. It contains a large amount of vitamins and antioxidants, it is considered a very healthy vegetable. It is used for canning, for preparing salads and simply as a ready-made supplement for first courses.​

as an independent dish, stuffed with meat, minced meat or fruit. Pepper can be consumed without snacks, but there is a certain bitterness. The degree of burning is 7000-8000 Scoville units. One of the biggest advantages of this vegetable is its unpretentiousness to moisture, weather conditions and other factors. The plant is quite resistant, can be grown in flower pot, in the garden or in the greenhouse. Jellyfish

Stuffed sweet pepper. Mid-season variety for film greenhouses. Stem up to 140 cm, fruit weight 60–75 g. Fruit shape truncated-conical, wall thickness 4–6 mm.

Sweet and hot peppers: photo gallery (click to enlarge):

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- an extremely valuable type of vegetable. Its fruits contain up to 7% sugar, up to 2.6% protein, according to the content of vitamin C, sweet pepper ranks first among all vegetable crops (up to 150-400 mg per 100 g). The fruits also contain a lot of carotene and vitamin PP. The pungent taste of hot peppers is due to the high content of the alkaloid capsaicin - 0.2–0.5%. In the fruits of sweet pepper, it is only 0.01 - 0.015%. Hot pepper is used to a limited extent due to its burning taste, and for this reason it occupies a small area. Vegetable growers mainly grow sweet peppers, which are distinguished by high palatability.​

Early varieties of sweet pepper

Indian summer

Early varieties of hot pepper

​1 million 600 thousand units​

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Habanero pepper - its characteristics and features of other popular varieties!

Hot Habanero peppers and other "hell" varieties

cherry pepper - Cerasiforme;

1. A powerful strongly branched plant has large oval leaves and reaches a height of 120 cm."Flame" Anniversary. Miracle of the Moscow Region.
2. . Thin curved pods are known to every gardener. Low bushes of 20 cm can form fruits no more than 4 centimeters in length, and these seemingly harmless peppers are extremely hot. They remain in the memory of those who confused them with a vegetable of medium pungency and hastily ate them for a long time. The plant loves light and moisture, it must be watered at least once every 3 days, and even more often in the hot season. As a rule, . The fruits are cleaned of stalks and seeds, blanched for 2-3 minutes in boiling salted water. After cooling, they are filled with minced meat with rice - meat or vegetables (for example, carrots and onions fried in sunflower oil). The fruits are placed in rows in a saucepan, or some kind of refractory dish, poured with tomato sauce and stewed in the oven or on the stove for 30–40 minutes. When serving, pour over sour cream sauce. Maria F 1
3. A peculiar peppery aroma and special taste are due to the presence of volatile essential oils, which stimulate appetite and have a beneficial effect on the metabolism in the body. Hot peppers are used to make alcohol tinctures with bactericidal properties. They are used in medicine for acute gastrointestinal disorders, and mixed with vegetable oil they are recommended for rubbing into the skin as a warming and irritating agent for rheumatism, radiculitis, and neuralgia.- a plant of this variety is similar to small bush. Shoots with densely arranged small leaves are practically invisible. In each leaf axil there are 1-2 fruits, which gives the plant a decorative effect, both during flowering and when the fruits ripen. Rounded small red fruits look like berries. Due to its whimsical growing conditions and relative shade tolerance, the variety has gained wide popularity when grown in a pot on a windowsill. The fruits ripen by September, hence the corresponding name of the variety. They have a spicy, spicy taste medicinal properties.​Which gives a foreign variety cone-shaped peppers - Conoides;
4. Unripe fruits are dark green in color. Gradually, as it matures, the color changes. Peppers turn chocolate brown. Their dimensions are: width - 3 cm; length - 6 cm"Salute" Early ripe, juicy, dense (wall thickness up to 4 mm), fruit length up to 21 centimeters with a diameter of up to 2.9 cm. Productivity ranges from 2.25 to 4.1 kg / 1 m2, depending on fertilizers, weather conditions and irrigation. It is grown on open ground, the maximum grows up to 110 centimeters, the technical ripeness of the fruit occurs in 87-95 days. The variety is early ripe, quite productive (up to 50-60 fruits per bush in 1 season). According to the Scoville scale, it has 17-25 thousand units of hotness. The plant is acclimatized in the Moscow region, has cone-shaped fruits weighing 20-30 grams and no more than 3.5-4.2 cm long. The yield is up to 2.9 kg per 1 square meter, up to 50-60 fruits on one bush, of which no more than 25 ripens simultaneously. The plant is moisture-loving, it is necessary constant watering and air temperature not less than +15 0C. The variety is included in the register of industrial cultivation, therefore it is often found in many farms and imported abroad.​ Medusa Sweet pepper in tomato sauce
5. Early maturing hybrid. The stem is 85 cm high. The fruit is flat-round, ribbed. In technical ripeness, the color of the fruit is yellowish, and in biological ripeness it is red. Fruit weight - 100-123 g, wall thickness - 6-6.5 mm. The stem of the pepper is herbaceous, woody at the base. In places of branching of the stem, flowers are formed, often solitary. Peppers are self-pollinating crops, but cross-pollination by insects is also partially observed. Pollen can also be carried by the wind at a distance of up to 1 m. The fruit is a multi-seeded false berry of various shapes: from tomato-shaped to proboscis-shaped. Fruit color in technical ripeness - from yellow to dark red, in biological ripeness - from red to yellow.
6. Medusa. Carolina Reaper red cone-shaped peppers - Fasciculatum; The period of reaching the fruit of technical maturity is 100 days. Ripe fruits are quite fleshy. They have a special fruity aroma and a fairly high sharpness. It is 425 thousand units on the Scoville scale.​ "Constellation" Jamaican yellow

Aji Zito.

The best varieties of pepper with a sharpness below 30,000

Grown in a house or greenhouse, as it is small and very beautiful in appearance (you can keep it in the kitchen instead of a flower).

1. . 2 kg of ripe tomato fruits are cut into pieces or passed through a meat grinder. The resulting mass in a saucepan is brought to a boil. When the tomato boils, put 2–2.5 kg of sweet pepper, cut into narrow strips, into it. Here you also need to add 1 glass of vegetable oil, half a glass of sand, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of salt, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of undiluted vinegar. Boil for at least 2 minutes, then put hot pepper in jars, roll up with metal lids.​Othello F 1​ Pepper is very demanding on the conditions of cultivation. This is a heat-loving culture. The most favorable temperature for seed germination is 25–27 °C, and for growth 20–23 °C. When the temperature drops to 13 °C, the growth of seedlings and adult plants stops, and at 0 °C, the plants die. Timely care of pepper guarantees a high yield.​ The curved elongated fruits of this variety are randomly arranged throughout the compact plant and resemble the tentacles of a jellyfish. The variety is very moisture-loving and requires constant moistening of the leaves. Prefers sunny places. It grows well both in the garden and in pots on the windowsills. The sharpness of the fruit is above average, it is very convenient to use in canned vegetables.
2. ​.​ call, or sweet peppers - Grossum;
3. Large branched bushes reach a height of 90 centimeters. However, orange fruits are quite small and thin-walled. They grow up to 4 centimeters long and up to 3 cm wide."Superchili"
4. . Often grown in decorative purposes indoors, has very beautiful bell-shaped fruits. The peel of the fruit is thick, due to which it is convenient to pick and eat. Hotness - 85,000, used mainly for rubbing on spices or as an additive in canning. Mostly seeds are bitter, the pulp itself is quite “soft” and tasty. Known for its distinct fruity aroma that resembles a mixture of pear, apple, pineapple and paprika. Many feel and other aromas in it. It is used in salads, preserves, many sauces and side dishes. Pepper can be eaten at the stage of technical ripeness with first courses, it has a pungency of no more than 11,000 on the Scoville scale and allows you to feel the whole bouquet of aromas and a wonderful fruity aftertaste. Bushes have a height of approximately 120 centimeters, voluminous, yield per 1 square meter. is up to 3.9 kg, several "waves" of the crop are formed in one season. The period from germination to technical ripeness does not exceed 83 days (mid-season). Seeds germinate only at temperatures above +22 0С
5. Pepper is popular vegetable crop, which is equally popular with culinary specialists and amateur gardeners. In the summer conditions of Central Russia, not all varieties of this plant have time to ripen. Fortunately, there is a wide variety of early varieties of sweet and hot peppers.​. Early ripe hybrid, stem height 70–80 cm. Cone-shaped fruit, weighing 90–108 g, wall thickness up to 7 mm. The color of the fruit in technical ripeness is purple, in biological ripeness it is brown.
6. Peppers make high demands on the intensity of lighting. So, with a lack of light, the plants stretch out, flowers and ovaries fall from them. Variety Ogonyok

If seeds and partitions are removed from the hot pepper fruit, then its sharpness will decrease significantly.

Golden mean - varieties with an average sharpness from 20,000 to 150,000

chili, or cayenne pepper - Longum.

1. The wrinkled pod is oval in shape. Differs in early terms of maturing. Until the technical maturity of the fetus, 85-95 days are needed. Has a pungent taste. Sharpness on the Scoville scale is 325 thousand units."Fireworks" When planting a plant, it is necessary first of all to take into account the possibility of planting in open ground or, conversely, indoors. Yields mainly depend on fertilization and abundant watering during the fruiting stage - do not forget to water, otherwise the fruits will be bitter and dry. Bon appetit and remember that sour cream neutralizes the hotness of bitter pepper in the best way! Pepper
2. , shoots can be seen 11-14 days after planting and watering. At least 65 days are required before technical maturation.​"Rafaela F1" is an early hybrid of sweet peppers with high productivity. It is a tall plant with abundant foliage. The fruits have an attractive conical shape and high palatability. The wall thickness of pepper can reach 4 mm. At the stage of technical maturity, the fruits are dark green, and the finally ripened peppers have a rich dark red color. The variety is suitable for eating raw and ideal for canning. Fruits in technical maturity tolerate transportation well. "Lungi F1" is a high-yielding, very early hybrid of sweet pepper. Dense walls of cone-shaped fruits reach a thickness of 5 mm. The plant is adapted to various growing conditions and is disease resistant. At the stage of technical maturity, the fruits are light green in color, and fully ripe - dark red. The hybrid is suitable for fresh and canned consumption. "Ami" is an early variety of pepper popular in southern Russia. It is compact and undersized plant. cone fruits medium size have walls 5-6 mm thick. The color of the fruit is white with a yellowish tint at the stage of technical maturity and bright red at the stage of full ripening. The variety is resistant to diseases, gives a consistently high yield, is distinguished by high taste and commercial qualities. "Semarog" is an early variety. It is a medium-sized, compact plant. The fruits have a characteristic elongated-conical shape with a curved sharp tip. The wall thickness of the fetus is 3.5 mm. Their color changes from green at technical maturity to bright red at biological maturity. This variety is more suitable for canning.
3. Astrakhansky 147 Peppers are very demanding on soil moisture. With a lack of moisture, their growth stops, and the bushes remain dwarfed, the ovaries and fruits fall off or become small, ugly.
4. - one of the varieties with increased fruit sharpness. Its small ripe fruitlets located on a compact bush resemble bright lights, but it takes about 5 months from sowing the seeds to get them. The fruits are very good natural drying, and they are easy to store later in a closed glass jar. They contain an increased amount of coloring pigments and dry substances, which gives a special flavor and aroma to the fruit. Endurance to bacteriosis and verticillium allows the variety to be grown in a wide variety of open and protected ground conditions. A very interesting variety is Gogoshary, which has 4 chambers in the fetus. It has two chambers opposite each other that taste spicy, while the other two do not. Therefore, you can easily argue with friends about eating hot pepper, knowing which parts are not sharp.

Numerous orders of plants are hot peppers. Varieties belong to families such as Jalapeno and Cayenne pepper.

grounde.ru

Varieties of hot peppers for indoor cultivation

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Hot peppers, varieties of which are united by the Trinidad family, have a pleasant spiciness and original appearance. All plants surprise with the unusual shape of the pod. Chili of this family have a characteristic burning taste and persistent fruity aroma. Grow seedlings. Peppers are very demanding on light. Some varieties of this series are suitable for growing in greenhouse conditions. In this case, artificial pollination of plants is used.

"Habanero red"

• Hot pepper grows well at home. Plant it on the windowsill - you will grow not only an excellent spice, but also a very decorative plant.
• Ram horn.
• Thai pepper.
• "Gekgel" is one of the earliest varieties of hot pepper. This is a tall, compact plant with fruits of an elongated cone-shaped red-orange color. The variety is valuable for its high yield and pleasant sharpness of the fruit. "For mother-in-law" is an early ripe variety grown in open ground. This is a compact plant, up to 60 cm high. The cone-shaped red fruits reach a length of 10-12 cm and a weight of up to 65 g. The value of this variety lies in the burning pungent taste of the fruit, thanks to which they are used as a spice in all types of home cooking.« Fiery volcano "- an early variety of hot pepper. Tall, semi-spreading plant. The period of full ripening of this variety lasts only 95 days. Narrow cone-shaped fruits of dark red color reach 10 cm in length. They have a specific spicy taste with a pleasant aroma. This variety is used in the preparation of sauces, pastes, hot paprika and home canning. This pepper can also be dried and stored for a long time.​
• . Hot pepper, medium early variety. The stem is semi-standard, height 50–65 cm, fruits are drooping, cone-shaped, wall thickness is 1–2 mm, fruit length is 6–8.7 cm, the taste is very sharp. Fetal weight - 12–18 g.
• The best fruit set occurs when the air humidity is 60-70%. In more humid air, pollen does not spill out well from the anthers, and pollination does not occur, the flowers are shed.
• Flame.
• Hot pepper varieties are easily cross-pollinated with bell pepper (sweet).
• Heat-loving vegetable peppers are grown as a perennial crop in Mexico and the southern United States. In countries with a cold climate, most often these plants are grown in closed ground conditions. Greenhouses or greenhouses are suitable for this. Chili data feel good on the windows of city apartments. The fruits of the varieties of this family are elongated pods.
• The variety is early maturing. It will take 70 to 80 days for the fruit to reach technical ripeness. It looks like a pretty nice plant. A powerful strongly branched bush reaches a height of 50 to 90 cm. It is strewn with many bright orange or red fruits.
• "Habanero orange".
• The following varieties are best suited for room culture:
• Known to everyone and recognizable by the characteristic shape of the pod - twisted into a ram's horn, sometimes 2 turns. It is characterized by relatively high pungency (up to 35,000 Scoville units), but it depends solely on the conditions of sowing and growing. With abundant watering, the bush is large and moderately pungent. If you water a little in relatively hot weather, then you should not expect a sweet aftertaste. Good yield and relatively large weight of the fruit (up to 25 grams 1 piece) make it suitable for trade, it occupies a leading position in exports.​
• Basically, the meaning of "Thai" means long and thin pods, which are distinguished by a strong pungency and a bitter aftertaste. The bushes are small - up to 60 centimeters, the mass of one "Thai" reaches 15-20 grams, 1.5-2.7 cm in diameter. It does not require abundant watering, it tolerates drought very well.
• Lovers of extremely hot peppers often cannot find exactly one that would fully satisfy their requirements and have a burning taste. Such a vegetable is often used for conservation, as it allows you to save a lot. Just one pod will be enough for several liters canned cucumbers or tomatoes. Consider the most "hellish" varieties and their main characteristics.
• Novogoshary pepper is a variety with a characteristic sweet taste, medium early. The stem is standard, 45–60 cm high. The fruits are flat-round, medium-ribbed. Fruit weight 90-140 g, pulp thickness 6-9 mm. The consistency of the pulp is tender, sweet. The color of the fruit in technical ripeness is dark green, and in biological ripeness it is dark red. Harvest by years 3.5–5.0 kg per 1 m2.​
• Pepper gives high yields only on highly fertile soils of light mechanical composition with a soil solution reaction close to neutral. Pepper is very sensitive to an excess of nitrogen in the soil, since at the same time it develops a vegetative mass to the detriment of fruiting. Because of this, fruit ripening is also very late.
• Do you want to see a burning plant? Ripe proboscis fruits with mirror surface of this variety are very similar to flames. They ripen for quite a long time and do not dry out in natural conditions, so they are used mainly for canning. Verticillium wilt resistance makes it easy to grow outdoors.​
• Therefore, if you sow the seeds of sweet and bitter peppers side by side, then already in the same year a slight sharpness is felt in sweet peppers, and the sown seeds from them give large fruits, like in sweet varieties, but with a sharp pungency.

supersadovnik.ru

They have a green color, which changes to red or yellow when ripe. The sharpness of the fruit is not very hot. The flowering period lasts from spring to the end summer period. This contributes to the conveyor ripening of fruits. This salient feature makes plants quite attractive when grown indoors. With beautiful flowering and numerous burning fruits, hot room pepper will delight. Varieties suitable for growing at home can be found in the Jalapeno family.​

Harvest Pepper Varieties The Best Dutch Pepper Varieties

Hot pepper, chilli, spicy, vegetable, chili, bitter - all these are the names of peppers of the genus Capsicum (Capsicum), which has a characteristic taste. All due to capsaicin - a substance that has a strong burning taste.

In fact, both bitter and sweet varieties are found in the culture of capsicum. Capsaicin is found in bitter varieties known as red peppers - hot, chili, hot.

The taste of the average resident of Russia will fall on those varieties of vegetable pepper, in the fruits of which there is no substance oleoresin capsicum - an extract of hot pepper, which gives a specific shade of taste. At the same time, the breadth of the sharpness of this pepper is able to satisfy any connoisseur of the spicy theme in crop production.

From the forms of vegetable pepper with a spicy taste, an old variety can be called Gogoshary , which was popular in Russia in the first half of the 20th century, was widely used in the canning industry. Then he was replaced by a variety Astrakhan , including subsequent selections and forms of the same pepper - Astrakhan 60 , Astrakhan 147 and others. Now the variety of hot peppers includes dozens of varieties that are included in the State Register and are available for free sale.

How to grow hot peppers
Chili peppers are more tolerant of conditions external environment, has a high productivity. It is thanks to this quality that he has become so popular in different countries of the world. The cultivation of hot peppers is considered very simple compared to sweet peppers. If in an unsuccessful year it can be problematic to get sweet peppers in the open field, then hot peppers under the same conditions give a guaranteed harvest of ripe fruits even in Siberia.

Types of hot peppers are characterized by a long growing season. It is necessary to start sowing seeds for seedlings as early as possible - in late January - early February. When grown in vessels in open ground, film or polycarbonate greenhouses, the crop will appear by the beginning of September.

Despite its unpretentiousness, hot peppers do not like the cold. Low temperatures significantly limit the growth of this heat-loving crop. To protect chili from possible frosts at the beginning of summer and night cold snaps, we recommend growing peppers in protected ground facilities. If the summer is warm, bitter pepper develops well in open ground.

We grow chili in containers - this makes it easy to expose the pepper to the air under favorable conditions. weather conditions and bring back the greenhouse if a cold snap sets in, heavy rainfall begins, or there is a withering heat.

In general, all types and forms of hot peppers can be sown within all year round on a sunny window and after 120-140 days to get ripe fruits. Therefore, very often chili is grown at home as indoor plant, which, among other things, has a very attractive decorative appearance.

Read more in the articles:

pubescent pepper
Capsicum pubescens (Capsicum pubescens), or pubescent pepper, is popular in countries Latin America, Philippines, Indonesia. Forms fruits weighing 30-60 g, with a sharp, sometimes very sharp taste and specific aroma. Widely used in regions around the world to prepare a variety of dishes.

Bush pepper
Capsicum frutescens (Capsicum frutescens) is widely distributed in different countries like pepper Tabasco , from the fruits of which the famous sauce is made.

Photo: Tabasco pepper Capsicum frutescens

Chinese pepper
Capsicum chinense (Capsicum chinenza) is popular in China, Southeast Asia, South America, as well as in the southern United States. Used to make hot sauces such as salsa . Distinctive feature forms and varieties of this pepper - abundant fruit formation and a high content of capsaicin: from up to 100 to 500 thousand units per Scoville scale .

Scoville scale developed by an American chemist to determine the degree of hotness of hot peppers in an organoleptic way - based on the analysis of a person's ability to feel the taste of hot peppers after diluting its juice with water in a certain amount of once.

Photo: Chinese pepper Capsicum chinense

Chinenza pepper juice, for example, can be diluted 100,000 times with water, and even after that, its strong sharpness will be felt. Moreover, there are forms and interspecific hybrids of this pepper (they are common in India) that allow you to feel a burning taste after breeding 1 million or more times. These are the record holders for the content of capsaicin.

The hottest pepper in the world is considered ghost pepper (spirit, ghost), in the original language it sounds like Bhut Jolokia (Bhutzhelokiya). This variety of Chinese pepper is ubiquitous in India and South America. The burning juice of the fruit can be diluted more than a million times, and the spicy taste will still be felt.

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The Central Siberian Botanical Garden has the most complete collection of pepper beyond the Urals, which reflects all the directions of spicy pepper breeding, common in different parts of the world. Our collection includes peppers from the Caribbean, China, the Philippines, the USA, and Europe. There are types of pepper and Russian selection, which are successfully grown in our country. The selection of hot peppers around the world is aimed at identifying varieties that are resistant to diseases, varieties with different levels of capsaicin and other substances.

About 3.6 million hectares are occupied by capsicum in the world, and the total production is about 33 million tons. The leaders in the cultivation of spicy, or hot, peppers are India, China, the countries of Southeast Asia and South America.

We will tell you what the type and variety of the plant is, what varieties of peppers exist and how they differ, you will learn about the varieties of black, red and allspice and their history.

Types and varieties of peppers

It is necessary to immediately define the terms. The word "variety" in biology refers to a group of plants of the same species bred by humans. The variety is bred to obtain certain characteristics and has a completely arbitrary name.

For example: Capsicum is a genus with 31 species. One of them is a vegetable pepper. In each country, dozens of varieties of pepper are bred annually, they have the most exotic names: "Arsenal", "Leader of the Redskins", "Prince Silver", "Hercules" and another 50 varieties bred for the central zone of the Russian Federation.

The main types and varieties of black and red pepper play the greatest role in human life. The classification of peppers should begin with the fact that both red and black peppers are plants of the dicotyledonous class.

There is a third group, the so-called "false peppers", starting with allspice and a dozen more types of hot and fragrant plants used in cooking and playing an important role in flavoring dishes.

This is what a chili pepper looks like

Black "real" pepper, varieties of bitter pepper

It is believed that it has been known in Europe since ancient times. Perhaps after the campaign of Alexander the Great in India. The use of black pepper made all meat and fish dishes exceptionally tasty. Not everyone could afford to pepper their food. In the Middle Ages, the Arabs were in charge of the supply of pepper.

The black peas were about the same size and constant weight. Therefore, they also served as a measure of the weight of precious stones, gold and other spices. It was for this variety and other exotic spices that Columbus went across the Atlantic.

The heat and moisture that exists in the equatorial belt of the Earth make it possible today to supply St. 350 thousand tons of various varieties of black peppercorns.

Black peas are unripe green fruits dried under special temperature conditions. After drying, the skin shrinks and turns black. If the green peas are dried quickly in the oven, then the peppercorns will remain green. If mature red grains are soaked in sea water (or spread out in the sun) and processed (remove the soft shell), white peas will turn out. The gentle drying of the red ripe fruits produces red peppercorns or "podicheri". This is a very hot pepper. The same plant gives 4 varieties of peppercorns each with its own unique taste.

Relatives of true black pepper: cubeba, African pepper, long pepper. These are rare guests in our culinary.

Red peppers, does "capsicum" always mean hot peppers

These plants are from the nightshade family, genus Capsicum. The most popular type of pepper of this genus is capsicum hot pepper(Capsicum longum L., Capsicum annuum L.). It is called in its homeland "chili", which means red pepper. It is used as a spice, and as a food product containing a huge amount of vitamin A and C. These plants, in everyday life and agricultural practice, are divided into sweet and hot, decorative and medicinal peppers. Throughout the planet, you can count at least 1 thousand cultivated varieties of pepper of this species. The annual harvest of red capsicum exceeds 30 million tons.

In fact, the genus Capsicum contains many types of peppers (over 30), of which the most popular are the capsicum itself, as well as such species or, more simply, varieties of hot peppers such as Cayenne (Capsicum fastigiatum Bl. and Capsicum frutescens) and Bird's pepper ( Capsicum minimum Roxb.).

Allspice and other "fake" peppers

Allspice is an indispensable spice for making pickles and marinades. According to the food GOSTs of the USSR, without it you can’t get spicy salted herring or pickled tomatoes with cucumbers. A special and incomparable subtle aroma passes into canned products.

is Jamaican pepper (Pimenta officinalis L.). There is his homeland, and there is now the main area of ​​​​its cultivation.

Japanese allspice is an iconic spice in Far East. This pepper belongs to the rue family. Its aroma is especially good with seafood.

Malagueta (Amomum Meleguetta Rosс) - grains of paradise - allspice, a plant of the ginger family. This one is rare now sweet pea used mainly in England to flavor whiskey and ale.

False pepper (xylopia) is a spice that gives the seeds of plants of the anon family:

• kumba, or Moorish pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), popular in the Maghreb countries;
• Guinea pepper (Xylopia aromatica), also known as "Negro" pepper, is very popular in Africa.

Pink pepper shinus is Peruvian (Schinus molle) and Brazilian (Schinus terebinthifolius). Plants belong to the species Sumacaceae.

In more detail, varieties of peppers with photos and descriptions are described in this section of the Chili Pepper website on other pages.

All articles in the section "Peppers"