How to sow mushrooms on the site. How to grow forest mushrooms in the country
If the lion is the king of animals, then the king of mushrooms can be safely called the white mushroom. It is considered the most delicious, fragrant, healthy, and therefore valuable mushroom. If it is not possible to regularly go to the forest and look for this miracle mushroom, then the problem can be solved by planting it in your country house.
Most of forest mushrooms grows well only when their mycelium interacts with the roots of bushes and trees. Therefore, it is ideal if birch trees grow on the site where you plan to grow ceps, coniferous trees and shrubs. Ideal for planting mushrooms summer period from May to September. Manipulations with disembarkation should be carried out in the cold season. There are several ways to grow white fungus in summer conditions. Firstly, you can transplant the mushroom from its natural habitat, that is, from the forest. To do this, you need to carefully dig out the mycelium and carefully transfer it to own site- very carefully so as not to shake the ground from the mycelium.
Keep in mind that white fungus is not friendly with fruit trees. If there are no forest trees on your site, try planting a mushroom near wooden buildings with shady side. And do not forget to cover your mycelium in especially cold winters with compost, and, if necessary, with additional covering material.
How to grow porcini mushroom in the country? This question is increasingly being asked by gardeners who are tired of constantly going to the forest for mushrooms. After all, it is so convenient to have a mycelium in your area, which constantly brings a harvest. useful mushrooms!
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country - absolutely simple process if you approach it wisely.
Before you start growing these valuable mushrooms in your country house, you should familiarize yourself with some of the features. As a rule, porcini mushrooms in wild nature grow in coniferous and mixed forests. Mushroom picks interact well with the roots of these trees. Therefore, it is almost impossible to meet porcini mushrooms in a clean clearing.
This must be taken into account before placing the mycelium on your site. It is best to do this in a place where at least one small Christmas tree or pine grows. Under such trees, not only mushrooms will constantly appear, but all other plants around will feel comfortable. After all, pine resin and substances released into the air by this tree kill all pathogenic bacteria.
All porcini mushrooms are very poorly tolerated fruit trees Next door. And often mycelium simply does not take root and die in places near such trees.
Be sure to take this into account and place the mycelium at least near wooden pine buildings or under bushes, if not nearby. the right trees.
How to breed white mushrooms
Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in summer cottages can be done in several ways. And you need to choose the most suitable option for yourself. Now consider some of the simplest and at the same time simple ways growing white mushrooms at home.
How to grow porcini mushroom directly under a tree? Please note that the mycelium should be placed under the same type of tree from under which it was previously dug out in the forest. Otherwise, nothing will work.
First you need to remove the top layer of soil around the tree. This must be done within a radius of no more than 0.7 m from the trunk. It is recommended to remove the soil to a depth of about 25-30 cm. Now it is necessary to pour and evenly distribute pre-prepared organic material from the excavated soil, leaves or needles and pieces of the bark of the tree under which it is planned to grow mushrooms into the resulting hole.
Now you can put thin layer mycelium and sprinkle it on top with the mixture loose earth with sand and leaves or needles. Strongly sprinkle and trample should not be. It remains only to pour everything from above from a watering can and wait for the first crop to appear.
The second option on how to grow porcini mushrooms is to breed from fresh hats. This is an easier method, but in most cases the harvest has to wait a little longer. For breeding, it is not necessary to dig out the entire mycelium or part of it in the forest. It will be enough to collect at least 10 mushrooms, the diameter of which is 10-15 cm.
It is best to check the fruiting bodies immediately so that they are not too wormy. AT ideal when breaking off a piece of the cap, you will see a juicy pulp of a green hue. If there are several worms or insects on the mushroom, this is not scary.
The main thing is that the whole hat is not completely wormy. Under the same trees where the mushrooms will be collected, you should collect a few twigs, leaves, needles and soil. This is all useful for the subsequent cultivation of mushrooms on the site.
This method of cultivation is also called sowing. First you need to prepare the material for sowing. To do this, all collected fruiting bodies should be lightly washed in water, and then placed in a bucket of rain or spring water to soak. The next day, you need to knead everything thoroughly with your hands to get a homogeneous gruel. But practice shows that it is never possible to do everything perfectly. Therefore, it is additionally recommended to pass the mashed pulp through a fine sieve or gauze again.
Using the same sieve (gauze), separate the pulp from the water. The inoculum and spore liquid are now ready. It remains only to prepare the place. To do this, slightly loosen the top layer of soil around the tree, and then pour it with the resulting mushroom water. When the liquid is absorbed into the soil, sprinkle the mushroom pulp evenly on top. All this should be sprinkled on top with earth from under the same tree and watered again. a small amount water so as not to clog the soil.
In order for the mushrooms to start growing as quickly as possible, try to constantly moisten the soil. But you can’t overdo it with water either.
Optimal quantity liquid per tree - about 4 buckets. It is advisable to water the mycelium with water of the same temperature as the surrounding air.
Cultivation of white mushrooms (video)
What else to remember
What do you need to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse? The answer to this question is quite simple. Nothing special! Growing in a greenhouse implies the same actions, only in this case the mycelium should additionally be covered with a special material that allows light and air to pass through.
Greenhouse cultivation should be done in the cold season and in summer when the nights are cold(it is recommended to cover the soil with a garden film, after sprinkling the mycelium with needles or small twigs and leaves). In the warm season, you don’t need to make a greenhouse, since the mushrooms themselves must take root and begin to grow and multiply rapidly on the site.
It must be remembered that usually after planting mycelium in the ground, the first harvest appears only the next year. Therefore, you should not wait for the mushrooms to start growing in the same season. After all, the mycelium must take root in a new place, adapt to the conditions. If we are talking about sowing porcini mushrooms with the help of fruiting bodies, as already mentioned a little higher, then here the harvest can be expected for 2 years, since the spores must develop enough to sprout and turn into mouth-watering mushrooms.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not so difficult if you follow all the above tips. Only a little attention and patience is needed, then it will be possible to constantly collect porcini mushrooms on the site, which are very healthy and fragrant. Just be extremely careful. Do not confuse porcini mushrooms with others so as not to place mycelium or fruiting bodies with spores of poisonous or inedible mushrooms on your site.
How to grow mushrooms in the country (video)
Gallery: white mushrooms (15 photos)
Growing mushrooms in the country, especially forest mushrooms, may seem very exotic, and therefore difficult. In fact, this is not so - you just need to follow the basic rules, and the delicious delicacies collected in your own garden will soon be on your table. Let's learn how to grow mushrooms on garden plot.
To plant mushrooms on the site, you need to choose a place that resembles a forest as much as possible: those trees (deciduous or coniferous) should grow there, next to which the species you have chosen prefers to be. Often about the most favorable neighborhood the name of the species itself says: boletus, boletus, etc. If you plan to grow milk mushrooms, pick up a place near a poplar, willow or birch.
For white fungus, oak, beech, hornbeam, coniferous trees will be suitable neighbors. Agricultural crops should not be nearby - such a neighborhood will have a bad effect on grown mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, you can use the place on the shady side wooden building. With long-cultivated species, for example, oyster mushrooms and champignons, there are fewer such hassles. The main thing is that the place is shady and humid.
Growing method
Consider several ways to grow Forest mushrooms in the country.
disputes
To grow mushrooms with spores, you don’t need to buy anything special, planting material can be cooked at home. Need to find representatives in the forest desired type with overripe hats, even wormy ones: spores develop in them, that is, mushroom seeds. You will need a container with water, preferably river or rain. To start the fermentation process, you need to dilute a few tablespoons of sugar or sourdough from kvass in water. After kneading the hats with your hands, add them to the water. You should get a homogeneous mass.
It should be insisted for about a day, stirring regularly. It can be longer (some sources indicate a period of up to several weeks). Hats for sourdough must be used no later than 10 hours after collection. It is impossible to store them for a long time, let alone freeze them - the spores will die and will no longer be able to multiply.
Before planting, the starter should be filtered, and the resulting liquid should be poured into clean water(1:10). Pour the diluted spore concentrate over the selected piece of land. If you plant mushrooms in this way, it is recommended to additionally mulch the area with fallen leaves: once after the mushrooms have been planted, then before the onset of cold weather, so that the layer is thicker.
mushroom picker
Growing forest mushrooms in the garden is possible with the help of mycelium transplantation. Especially well at the same time take root boletus. With this method of growing mushrooms on suburban area the presence of forest trees is especially important, and the same ones under which the mycelium grew in the forest. A place in the garden must be prepared in advance.
For breeding with oil in this way, you need to select soil with a high lime content and the proximity of pines. True, the first oiler will have to wait 3-4 years after transplantation, but the harvest can be harvested from mid-May every three weeks. The butterflies grown in the country are very large, with hats up to 10 cm.
Mycelium
You can plant mushrooms on the site with the help of mycelium. This is the most traditional method, which is usually used by those who deal with cultivated oyster mushrooms and champignons, including on a commercial scale. Mycelium of mushrooms, including forest ones, is commercially available. You can choose porcini mushrooms, mushrooms, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, all kinds of oyster mushrooms, up to pink ones, and many others.
Mycelium is of the compost type (sold already with soil) and grain. In the vast majority of cases, the second type is used (a bag of seeds is still much more transportable than a bag of soil), so we will consider it. The area required for growing mushrooms or other mushrooms is usually indicated on the packaging, as are special growing conditions. The first mushrooms will appear the next year after planting, and full fruiting will begin in 2 years.
Depending on the type of mushrooms and the conditions of keeping, the harvest from one mycelium can be harvested from 2 to 5 years.
Landing
The best period for sowing mushrooms is from May to September. To propagate mushrooms in the garden using one of the indicated methods, select a place about 50 cm from the tree and remove the top layer from the soil. Cover the area with a mixture of fallen leaves, sawdust and dust. Then combine the same mixture with the soil and pour over the first layer. The thickness of each layer should be about 10 cm. Then, depending on the method, apply a mixture of mycelium with a growth accelerator on top and carefully tamp or place the mycelium brought from the forest. Sprinkle the area with soil, water it well and cover fallen leaves(current or last year, depending on the season).
If desired, spores or mycelium can be sown in a ready-made substrate, which is sold in some garden centers. Some varieties (oyster mushrooms, for example) need to be bred in vertical position, so they will need boxes with holes on the sides or hanging bags. Sowing is preferably carried out in cool weather.
Care
Growing mushrooms require minimal care - you just need to make sure that their area does not dry out. Vertically growing varieties should also be sprayed. In the spring, for some species, it is desirable to add a growth activator to the soil (if you use industrial mycelium, this may be indicated on the package). Mushrooms do not need any other kind of feeding. Moreover, it is impossible to loosen the soil, which can damage the mycelium.
Harvesting
So, we looked at how to grow mushrooms on own dacha. In conclusion, let's take a few important rules which will come in handy when it's time to pick mushrooms. Mushrooms should not be picked - this can damage the mycelium to such an extent that it stops bearing fruit. You need to carefully cut them. sharp knife near the base of the foot.
Even if the recipe only needs a hat, cut everything at the root: the remaining leg will rot and this process will quickly cover the entire mycelium. It is not recommended to use overripe mushrooms - they accumulate harmful substances and this can happen even if your dacha is located away from businesses or highways. harvested it is advisable to prepare or preserve as soon as possible.
Video "Growing mushrooms in the country"
In this video you will hear helpful tips for growing mushrooms in the country.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some features and then your work will be productive (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). This article is about how to grow porcini mushrooms using two methods. The first method is growing with mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.
But first, a little about the mushroom itself
White mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy large hat and a thick swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during harvesting and cooking. With this mushroom, wonderful fragrant light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared.
All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker's basket. And if it grows own garden, then it's even better.
Well, now about the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country
Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium
This is the first way to grow in case you do not have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase white fungus mycelium. Fortunately, the Internet will help in finding sellers.
In addition to mycelium, you need:
- growing trees deciduous or conifers, better not very old (about 8-10 years old);
- branches, moss, fallen leaves;
- compost.
By the way, from May to September - the most right time for planting mycelium of porcini mushrooms.
Well, everything is prepared, the season is right, we begin planting.
First, let's prepare a landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk, you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel in such a way as to get an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.
Then lay either compost or soil with a high peat content 1 to 2 cm thick on the bare area, and lay pieces of ceps mycelium on top. Put mycelium in a checkerboard pattern every 25-30 cm. One package of mycelium should be enough for one tree.
After that, cover everything with that layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through the sprayer so as not to erode the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.
It is recommended to cover the planting area for porcini mushrooms with a 20-40 cm layer of straw to keep the soil moisture at 40%. The mushroom picker should not dry out. From time to time the site will need to be watered to maintain the necessary humidity. It is recommended to add effective microorganisms to the water during irrigation (for example, Baikal EM-1). This increases the likelihood of seedlings.
To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Coverage radius is about 2m. In the spring, when there is no longer a possibility of a return of severe frosts, remove the “veil”.
The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so porcini mushrooms in the country will delight you for about 3-4 years. If from time to time you water the land with mycelium with water with effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.
As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.
Growing white mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps
As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees aged 8 to 10 years. If you don’t have these on your site, then you will have to look in a neighboring forest or forest plantation.
And now it's time to go to the forest for mushrooms, that is, for the so-called " seed material". Such material is the fruiting bodies of porcini mushrooms and, of course, hats. Your goal is more mature mushrooms (at least 5-10 pieces) with hats 10-20 cm in diameter. When broken, the flesh should have a slight greenish tint. If the mushrooms are infected with insect larvae, it's not scary.
Now let's get down to the landing process itself.
Growing porcini mushrooms using hats is somewhat similar to growing the previous method, but it also has its own characteristics. To grow in this way, we need:
- Prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
- Prepare a place for sowing;
- Sow mushrooms.
And now more about this.
How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?
Place the white mushrooms collected for sowing (5-10 pieces) in a bucket of water (preferably with rain water) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or cloth with rare pores. Do not discard any leftover pulp. She, too, will need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.
Preparation of a place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms
The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.
With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a filtered solution onto the roots of a tree (about 2 liters per square meter). After watering, lay the mushroom tissue on top of the roots, which remains after filtering. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water over it. As in the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.
Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms with the help of mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. Remove the covering material in the spring.
It is enough to water once a week for 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If you often have rains, then, of course, watering can be reduced.
After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.
By the way, if you “sow” mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, then parts of the caps of porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then spores have taken root.
As with the mycelium growing method, you will harvest mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own white mushrooms, plant them again in the same way in a few years.
What you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium to take root?
Mushrooms can take root better if you use the following guidelines (some of them will work for both growing methods).
- When looking for mushrooms to plant, look for mushrooms that grow near the same tree species you plan to plant near. That is, if an oak grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.
- After the mushrooms have been harvested, they must be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sown the next day. It is impossible to store mushrooms before soaking for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You will not grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so do not even try to freeze them so that you can plant them sometime later.
- When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol - 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should be only granulated sugar. Rafinade cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water.
- 2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, a bare area of \u200b\u200bthe earth should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But fear not, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your white mushrooms.
To disinfect the area, a solution of tannins is used. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the site only with a chilled solution.
You can prepare a tanning solution like this:
- black tea
For preparation of 1 l ready solution you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.
- from oak bark
For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling water, add water to the original volume. - Planting time for mushrooms is mid-September. Later they will take root worse or not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will provide her with the best wintering.
The best time for planting porcini mushrooms is August-mid-September.
And again: keep an eye on the humidity in the zone of planted mushrooms. In hot summers, once a week, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water.
Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You will have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it's worth it. Yes, and imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, not being afraid that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory ...
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country will provide you with a personal "forest" harvest.
Have you ever wondered how to grow mushrooms in the country? Sound exotic? And there is. So far, only a few are doing this. However, why not try a new occupation, there is more that it does not require large financial investments or significant efforts. At the same time, you will be able to collect incredible crops without the competition of the same mushroom pickers and tedious trips to the forest. Having thoroughly mastered the new section of gardening, you can even put your crops up for sale.
How to plant mushrooms in the country?
There are several basic ways to plant mushrooms in the country:
Equipment for growing mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms, which are sold in stores all year round, are grown by the production method in large volumes on special installations. You can master their breeding even in a small shed or basement. Someone makes a home business out of this, while someone just needs to provide themselves and all their loved ones with mushrooms for their own consumption. How to grow mushrooms in the country?
The mushroom growing kit looks something like this:
- a substrate consisting of straw, sawdust of non-coniferous trees, husks from seeds, crushed into dust and pasteurized in hot water;
- polyethylene bags with holes for every 10-15 cm, in which the prepared substrate is placed;
- mushroom mycelium, which must be placed in bags in layers between the substrate.
What mushrooms can be planted in the country?
Almost any forest mushroom can be successfully grown on your own. adjoining area. The most common mushrooms in the country are:
- boletus;
- porcini;
- boletus;
- oiler;
- camelina.
How to grow champignon mushrooms?
Can be grown in bags, boxes, in the garden. A richer harvest will give cultivation in artificial conditions i.e. in bags or boxes. In addition, this way you can better control diseases and pests by simply isolating infected containers. So, to the question of how best to grow mushrooms at home, the answer is to create suitable conditions indoors.
For growing champignons, a simple straw or sawdust substrate will not be enough. You will need good quality compost consisting of rotted straw and rye or wheat seeds. It can be purchased from agricultural organizations. To it must be added horse dung(up to 80% of the total volume) or mullein. Suitable and bird droppings, but the yield of mushrooms will be lower. Mycelium is laid in this substrate at the rate of 400-500 g per square meter.
So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? After laying the mycelium in bags with the substrate, you need to wait 3 days, then make 5-6 cuts in each bag and leave in the dark at a temperature of + 18-20 ° C. Already after 2-3 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear in the slots. At this point, you need to transfer the bags to a ventilated and round-the-clock illuminated room with a temperature of + 20-27 ° C and high humidity(70-95%). Mushrooms will grow to their proper size in 3-4 weeks. After harvesting them, you need to again transfer the bags to a dark room, where after a week they will begin to grow again.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country
The king of mushrooms grows successfully in a well-prepared area. How to grow these mushrooms in the country? To grow them, you can use one of the methods described above - transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium (including purchased), dispersing spores. These excellent forest mushrooms grow in the country near trees, where you need to remove a half-meter layer of earth, decompose compost, lay seeds, mycelium or mycelium and cover them with a layer of leaves. The area with mycelium should be watered periodically. In winter, mycelium should be sprinkled with compost and, if necessary, covered with a film.
How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country?
For growing, you will need the kit mentioned above (substrate, mycelium and bags). The question remains open - how to grow mushrooms correctly, what kind of room is best equipped for them, how to moisten them, etc. The room for oyster mushrooms should be closed, dark, with a constant temperature of + 22-25 ° C and a humidity of about 95%. After 20-30 days after the start of cultivation, the temperature in the room should be reduced to + 12-18 ° C.
Ventilation and humidification mandatory conditions for growing oyster mushrooms. To do this, you can put buckets of water in the room and install a fan. Lighting for 12 hours a day can be provided with fluorescent lamps. After harvesting two crops of oyster mushrooms from one bag, the substrate must be replaced. The yield rate from 10 kg of substrate is 3 kg of mushrooms. The substrate is replaced on average 4-5 times per year. It turns out that from each square meter your mushroom "plantation" you can collect about 80-100 kg of mushrooms.
Growing chanterelles in the country
How to grow in the country - you ask. To do this, you need a mycelium that grows into the roots near growing trees. Often it is oak or beech. Attempts to "make friends" of chanterelles with garden trees doomed to fail. If you do not have a suitable tree, you will have to plant it. Best to take in the woods young tree with ready-made mycelium in the roots. When digging a tree, grab 15-20 cm of earth and coniferous litter. Plant such a tree in partial shade, provide it with regular watering. It is not necessary to additionally fertilize the soil - the chanterelle mushroom will take everything necessary from the roots of the tree.
Growing butter in the country
The most convenient way to breed this mushroom is by transplanting the mycelium. Often they grow between young pines - this is the piece of forest land you need to transfer to your dacha. How to grow in the country: it is important for these mushrooms that the soil is rich in lime. The area selected for planting should be moderately lit, with indirect sunlight. During dry periods, the bed with oil plants should be watered abundantly. The first harvest will appear after 3-4 years.
Openings in the country
If you are new to how to grow mushrooms in the country, start with a simple one - breeding. In the forest, they grow on stumps and half-rotten logs. You just need to transfer some of this to your site. Another option is to sow mycelium on a rotten stump in the garden. It is optimal if it is a stump from beech, aspen, poplar, willow, oak or ash. The place for their cultivation should be shady and humid. The first harvest after planting the mycelium can be expected after 1-2 years.
