House underground? Current solution! A wonderful collection of original and controversial projects. Modern underground houses: photo

The underground is fashionable, literally, if translated from English. Underground houses have become incredibly popular over the past few years. The undoubted environmental friendliness and cheapness completely cover its shortcomings, but about the bad later. It would seem, what news, a house underground. For thousands of years people lived in caves and dugouts. But today, science and technology have made it possible to revise the very format of the underground house.

What does it look like

A modern underground home is not a pit with a log or thatched roof. Now the materials have made it possible to produce modules of the highest strength, on which underground housing construction is based. Having such a module, it is possible in a matter of days, and it is possible to make changes to it even when it is not underground. So to speak, run the module on the ground.

The most stable, cheapest, warmest and most accessible building material in the world is earth. It automatically provides a constant temperature, the main thing is to maintain it occasionally. Brilliant - no drafts, no waterproofing, no soundproofing. Everything is already built. It remains only to think about ventilation, plumbing and sewerage, and the underground house is ready for operation.

Depending on the geographical location, an underground house may not require heating, no anti-vandal protection, because it is simply impossible to come up with a higher level of protection against unauthorized entry. Current roof? Natural disasters? Winds and showers, hurricanes and earthquakes? What are you talking about. All this is not scary at home underground. But there are several complications.

What is good and what is bad to live underground

To ensure the stability of the structure, the same underground module is still needed, which is not cheap. The process of burying and building an underground house does not cause any engineering and technological difficulties.

And the module underground is quite high. But at the same time, environmentally oriented wealthy extravagant customers will receive a lot of advantages:

• unconditional environmental friendliness, since the level of pollution at home depends only on how much phenol and polymers the owner brings into the house;
• construction time is the shortest - time from the start of design engineering systems and project plan before the first turn of the key in the lock - up to 30 days;
• savings on labor costs compared to construction ordinary house - 90 %;
• minimal insurance risks, and as a result, premiums;
• does no harm environment and even practically does not affect the landscape.

Advantages - the sea. The main thing is to find a company that will undertake the implementation of such bold projects en masse. But the idea is worth it, and there are more and more fans of eco-friendly and unusual housing. So underground...

What do you associate the phrase "underground house" with? Many of us imagine an ordinary dugout, which, by the way, is the cradle of humanity. With the advent of fashion environmental solutions underground houses have acquired a completely different meaning. Today, such a dwelling is not just a damp room with little light, but a technological and very environmentally friendly solution. And such a house can cost more than a penthouse in downtown New York.

A striking example is the underground house by Make Architects, which was built for a famous British football player. The area of ​​this house is 8000 sq. feet, and the main idea of ​​​​building is to create a home that consumes a minimum of energy and is an example of a house created from environmentally friendly materials. A wind turbine and special photo panels act as energy generators here, and a pump is responsible for heating. An underground house has several advantages:

• Minimum heating and air conditioning costs. Dry earth, like brick, conducts heat well. It will not be hot in the underground house in summer (the air conditioner is certainly not needed), and in winter it will not be cold, since the temperature does not drop below +6 degrees.
• Weather protection. Such a house is not afraid of a tornado, fire, hurricane. The only thing that can suffer is wind turbines or solar panels placed on the surface.
• Preservation of the natural landscape. After construction, the landscape will not change much, and you can even grow flowers, vegetables and greens above the house.
• Minimum costs for operation. If an ordinary house needs periodic painting, roof repair, then an underground one will save money on such regular work.

What is more interesting, underground houses are distinguished by good sound insulation. They can be built even in densely populated cities. For example, in Tokyo in one of the districts there is such a house.

• 1 Is it possible to build it yourself - site requirements
• 2 The most interesting underground dwellings in the world

Is it possible to build it yourself - site requirements

Yes, an underground house has a number of advantages, but it will not be possible to build it on every site. Since soil conditions and landscape features will be important. What are the requirements for the territory?

• Relief. The best place for an underground house is a sloping site or a hill. The simplest solution is to build the house directly into the sloping part of the landscape. Such areas are also good because the water will drain almost instantly, without having time to saturate the ground. But building a house in ravines will not work - it will be constantly flooded. The orientation of the slope also matters. It is best if it is the south side, and for countries with a hot climate - the east.
• Priming. Underground dwellings should be built if the soil is of the type of sand, loam or sandy loam. Such mixtures can be called a "natural water filter", and they dry quickly enough. By the way, loams are also suitable for above-ground embankment. The embankment is carried out with soil that is dug from the pit. But clay is considered the most unfavorable soil.
• Level ground water. In the place where the house will be built, there must be a low water level, since it is impossible to lower the dwelling below the “wet” level. Also, areas that are located near water bodies are not suitable - with high humidity it will be difficult and very expensive to fight, and living in such conditions is also harmful to health.

It is also worth mentioning that underground structures are of several types - bunded, traditional (dugout) and built into a hill. The main advantage of a bunded house is that it can be built on almost every suitable site, since the building itself will be sprinkled with soil on all sides, but located above the zero mark. A bunded house can be attached to a hill and deepened a little, and the dimensions will depend on your capabilities - you can build at least a two-story penthouse. A built-in house can be created if there is a hill nearby. In this case, you can build an underground house like a tunnel or excavate. An important point will be the installation of floors.

The most interesting underground dwellings in the world

Our ancestors were the first to build houses underground. But modern buildings is an example of not only beauty, but also energy saving. And the most famous building you are probably familiar with is the hobbit houses from the movie The Lord of the Rings. You can see them live. They are located in New Zealand, where the film was shot. These structures are a prime example classic underground house, where prying eyes only the front door is visible.

• Bella Vista Hotel is the world's first eco-hotel built in Italy. The project consists of 11 individual houses, which are concisely inscribed in the landscape of the region. They were built on a hillside and are an example of a landslide structure.
• House Estate Lättenstrasse is a complex of underground houses that was built in Switzerland. It consists of 9 buildings, each of which has several bedrooms. The peculiarity of the complex is that all the houses are located around the lake (artificial) and seem almost invisible due to the fact that they are completely planted with greenery from above.
• Malator is an “invisible house”, which can only be found by those who know its exact coordinates. It was built on the coast of England and is compact. The structure is almost completely buried in the ground, but has panoramic windows on both sides, allowing you to enjoy the landscape.

The underground house is far from a surprising novelty. There are more than a dozen such buildings in the world. And these are only those that fell under the sights of journalists. And almost everyone can build their own house. The main thing is to comply with the requirements for the site and study the features of the construction and connection of generators.

The technology of building houses from the earth in its modern form, which was called Earthships, was developed almost half a century ago and is developing to this day. The soil as the main participant in such construction refers to materials taken from natural resources such as wood, straw, leather, cotton, stones, peat and many others. All of them are neutral or beneficial to human health and do not pollute nature.

The choice of soil for the construction of walls is largely due to the energy intensity of the material, which is extremely low compared to brick or steel and amounts to 0.5 GJ / t. Therefore, with the correct orientation of the earthen structure and the use solar energy to the maximum, it will require minimal heating even in severe frost.

Earthen houses that are operated in various climatic zones, successfully demonstrate their resistance to fires, floods and even seven-point earthquakes. Due to thermal inertia, thick earthen walls slow down the inflow or outflow of heat by almost 12 hours. And this means that during the day in an earthen house it is cool and warm at night.

In favor of the use of soil as a building material, several significant factors speak:

• Availability;
• No need for transportation, and this reduces the time and cost of construction;
• Ecological safety of the wall material, which does not harm the microclimate of the house and the environment;
• Excellent thermal insulation of the material, its plasticity, which makes it possible to give earthen houses different shapes;
• The possibility of dismantling the walls and reusing their material.

Most projects of houses from the earth are strictly individual, as they take into account the relief of a particular site and use local natural materials to create enclosing structures.

The benefits of building earthen houses include the following:

1. High construction speed. For such structures, a foundation is usually not required. Therefore, for example, a one-story building in the form of a dome with a base diameter of 6 m can be erected by four people who do not have special skills in a week. The technologies of such construction make it possible to create buildings for various purposes: residential or utility.
2. Low thermal conductivity. The enclosing structures of earthen houses are less susceptible to changes in air temperature outside than buildings made of stone and even wood. The low thermal conductivity of the soil as the main material of the roof and walls allows the inhabitants of an earthen house not to feel the effects of bad weather and significantly save on heating in winter, maintaining optimal temperature premises.
3. Availability of materials. For the construction of an earthen house, they can be found anywhere, even on own site- wood and stones, soil and clay. This reduces the cost of their delivery to the construction site. You can decorate such a building from the outside with local plants that fit perfectly into the overall landscape. Do-it-yourself home maintenance costs from the ground are also minimal. Since the structure is almost completely covered with earth, it requires very little paint or other material.
4. Fire and environmental safety. Earth houses don't burn. For this reason, they can be safely used as a sauna, for example, or a bath. Due to the environmental friendliness of the materials, the fragments of the structure do not need to be removed during dismantling - several seasons will pass, and they themselves will crumble in the open air. Slightly protruding above the ground level, such a house practically does not change the relief of the site, due to which the land area is used to the fullest.
5. High reliability. Walls finished house frost-resistant and practically do not shrink. If the exterior structures are dried and then covered with plaster, they will not absorb moisture. For a long time of its existence earthen houses have proven to be highly resistant to hurricanes, droughts, fires and even earthquakes. The strength of such structures, according to soldiers afghan war, allows you to withstand the impact of a projectile fired into an earthen wall from a tank.
6. Long service life. The durability of earthen houses is confirmed by the fact that the oldest of them, discovered in Jericho, is over 8,000 years old.

The disadvantages of houses from the ground include the inability to build buildings with a height of more than 2 floors. However, this can be corrected by building additional facilities next to the main building, connecting them with the help of corridors. It will come out very nice!

A strong enemy of Earthships technology is the dampness that rains cause. Therefore, if the plastering is not performed after the house is built from the earth, the structure may creep. In damp regions, the arrangement of such buildings with a waterproof roof is mandatory.

Certain difficulties in the construction of earthen houses can be caused by the psychological attitudes of the owners of the plots. For some of them, life under a layer of earth is associated with imprisonment, poverty and even death.

The construction of small structures from the ground is within the power of any master. But, in order to build a building with an area of ​​more than 20 m 2 or a whole composition of such objects, a well-made project, the help of architects and builders of environmental facilities will be required. Today, such specialists are difficult to find, because due to the minimum cost of materials, there are few people who want to have a small income or short-term employment. Here you can not save on the "waste" of building materials, get a "kickback" or a dealer discount.

The introduction of the finished building into operation is also fraught with difficulties. Supervisory authorities use long-established SNiPs and DBNs, and new environmental standards are under development.

As far as mortgages are concerned, earthworks banks provide for maximum risk, considering this technology experimental. Therefore, they take their percentage increased, according to such a risk.

Varieties of earthen houses

The choice of the type of house from the ground depends on the type of soil, the topography of the site and the climate of the region. According to the method of construction, such buildings are buried and ground. In turn, each of them has its own varieties.

Ground houses include:

• Earthbite. The walls of such a structure are erected by filling the formwork with soil, or from earthen blocks, previously made using special forms by sealing or by plastic molding. The second method is the most widespread in the world, since before laying the strength and shape of the blocks are more stable than in the first case. In addition, when the block wall dries and shrinks, cracks are unlikely to appear.
• Adobe. It refers to composite materials, it is laid manually during construction monolithic walls Houses. Adobe is a mixture of clay, soil, water, sand and straw.
• Earthbags. This is a technology for building walls and creating domes from bags filled with soil. The construction of such houses is now actively underway all over the world. Traditionally, such technology has been present in the construction of military fortifications, dugouts, flood control, etc. If a little cement is added to the soil mixture, a house made of bags of earth can stand for decades.
• Geocar. This is a peat block house. The material has properties that allow it to be used both as a heater and as a structural element in the construction of houses up to three floors. Peat blocks are most suitable for the natural conditions of the Non-Black Earth Region, they meet all the requirements regarding strength and environmental safety standards.

Buried houses include:

1. atrium house. This is the name of the underground structure in which the atrium is the center of the house, as well as the entrance to it. The concept of "atrium" refers to the central space of the building, illuminated through an opening or skylight. Such a house is built on a flat area and covered with earth. Deepening is carried out at 2.7 m, and minimum thickness the turf present on the roof is at least 0.2 m. All four walls of the atrium are accessible to daylight. Living quarters are located around the courtyard, which is opened by glazed openings that provide the house with the warmth of sunlight. The atrium is naturally ventilated, rises slightly above the ground and hardly changes the landscape, while providing reliable protection from the wind in winter period of the year.
2. protruding house. From the facade, it is open to light, while its other sides and top are covered with earth. The open wall of the house, usually oriented to the south, allows the sun's rays to easily penetrate into the dwelling, providing heat from the facade to its entire area, including bathrooms. The structural elements of the building are the cheapest compared to other earthen houses.
3. penetrating house. In addition to windows and doors, such a structure is completely covered with soil on the sides and top. The advantage of a penetrating house from the ground is the cross natural ventilation and the flow of sunlight from one or more of its sides.

The main goal of creating any of the listed earthen structures is the maximum conservation of energy in the complete absence of harm to human health.

Basic technologies for building a house from the ground

Earthen houses are built using three methods:

• Sliding formwork method. It is designed to build a building with right angles. Racks are installed on both sides of the walls around the entire perimeter of the future house. Then identical shields are attached to them against each other. The resulting formwork is filled with soil mixture. After tamping and setting, the formwork is dismantled and installed in a new area. finished wall usually consists of 15 cm of compacted soil and a lime pad t. 5-6 cm. Due to the high labor intensity, this method is used infrequently.
• From earth blocks. This method is more widely used than the previous one. For the manufacture of piece materials, folding forms are used. They are filled with soil mixture, compacted, then removed finished bricks and dry them.
• From bags of earth. This method allows you to build buildings that differ in shape and have a unique style. Dome-shaped houses or round walls with an equipped roof are very popular.

We will consider the features of the latter method in more detail below.

How to build a dome house?

Before you make a house out of the earth in the form of a dome, you need to choose for it appropriate place. It will be circular in plan. Therefore, in the center of the planned structure, it is necessary to stick a stake, tie a rope to it, measure the desired radius on it and indicate the circumference of the walls of the house.

When the marking of the site is completed, on the resulting circle it is necessary to provide for the location of the entrance, determine the size of the doorway. It should be noted that the base of the entrance to domed house a little should go inward so that the door can be installed vertically on an inclined wall.

Then, along the finished circle, you should dig a trench about 40 cm deep and wide, corresponding to the size of the bag. After that, it needs to be covered with rubble, which will play the role of drainage and foundation.

For the construction of walls, propylene sugar bags or sleeves made of rot-resistant fabric are suitable. The bags must be filled with moist soil, without adding 25 cm to the top in each of them. Due to the large weight of such “bricks”, this work is recommended to be performed on the wall of the structure. To prevent the soil from spilling out, the free edges of the bags should be sewn with wire.

The first layer of bags filled with soil must be laid around the circumference of the house and compacted in any way. The second layer must be placed by analogy with brickwork, performing dressing of the seams. It should have a smaller circle relative to the previous layer. Such alternation will give the house a domed shape.

Before laying any bag under it, a piece of synthetic twine should be stretched to tighten the next two or three levels of the wall. In the future, this will facilitate the plastering of the house. Between the layers of bags with soil, two strips of barbed wire should be laid, which in this case plays the role of reinforcement and a fastening solution.

When laying a round wall from bags of soil, it is necessary to leave openings for windows and doors. Often they are made in the form of arches. After drying, the house outside must be plastered with cement or clay mortar.

How to build a house from the earth - look at the video:

Finally, advice: before building a house from the ground, we recommend that you practice on a small structure such as a sauna or a barn. Good luck!

If you're looking for a home with energy-efficient features that provide a comfortable, quiet, weather-resistant home, a buried underground home may be for you. How to make an underground house?

There are two main types of recessed design - underground and bulk house.

Underground

When the whole house is built below ground level in whole or in part with an appropriate modern structure. The design of the central part of the dwelling and the courtyard can accommodate an underground home and still provide an open feeling while using modern ones.

Such a house is built entirely underground on a flat site, with the main living quarters surrounding a central open courtyard. windows and glass doors, which are on open walls overlooking the central area, provide light, solar heat, view and access via stairs from ground level.

The design is visible from ground level and creates a private open space and provides good protection from winter winds. This design is ideal for construction sites in harsh areas.

Passive sunlight is received plausibly through the windows as in a conventional residential building, and the amount is thought out by design.

Bulk

A mound house can be built partly below ground level, covering more of the building's walls. The design involves covering the sides and sometimes a roof with earth to protect and insulate the bulk house.

The open front of the house, usually facing south, allows the sun to illuminate and heat the interior. The floor plan is arranged so that the common areas and bedrooms share light and warmth with a southern exposure.

This may be the least expensive and in a simple way build a ground-protected structure. Strategically placed skylights can provide adequate ventilation and daylight in northern parts earthen house.

Main disadvantages underground houses are the initial construction costs, which can be 20% more than conventional and elevated level the professionalism needed to prevent moisture problems during design and construction.

What to consider when building an underground house

About the most specific factors for the design of a house protected by the earth.

Before deciding to design and build a secure, energy-efficient underground home, the climate, topography, soil, and water table will need to be considered.

Climate

Research shows that earth-sheltered homes are more cost effective in climates that have large temperature swings and low humidity, such as rocky areas and black earth plains.

Ground temperature changes more slowly than air temperature in our areas, and can absorb extreme heat in hot weather or insulate an underground home to keep warm in cold weather.

Relief and microclimate

The topography and microclimate of a site determine how easily a building can be surrounded by land. A modest slope requires more excavation than a steep one, and a flat area is the most demanding, needing extensive earthworks. A south-facing slope in a region with moderate and long winters is ideal for a sheltered building.

South-facing windows can let in sunlight for direct heating while the rest of the house returns to the slope. In regions with mild winter and in hot summers, a slope to the north can be ideal. Careful planning by the designer will bring out the full advantage of the conditions at a given site.

The soil

Another critical point is the type of soil on the site. Grainy soils, such as sand and gravel, are best suited for building such houses. These soils are compact, well cultivated construction materials and sufficiently permeable to allow water to drain quickly. The poorest soils are lumpy like clay, which can expand when wet and has poor permeability.

Professional soil tests can determine bearing capacity soil in the area. Soil radon levels are another factor to consider when building an underground home because high concentrations of radon can be dangerous. However, there are methods to reduce the accumulation of radon in both conventional and earth-sheltered dwellings.

Radon is a chemically inert natural radioactive gas, odorless, colorless and tasteless. Radon is formed due to the natural decay of uranium from rocks and soil.

Ground water level

The groundwater level at the construction site is also important. Natural drainage away from the building is the best way to avoid water pressure against underground walls. Required installed system collection Wastewater which must be designed when laying the structure of the future structure.

Building materials and considerations for underground houses

Construction materials for each earthwork will vary depending on the characteristics of the site and the type of structure. The materials must, however, provide good surface to be waterproof and insulating in order to withstand the pressure and moisture of the surrounding earth.

Concrete is the most common building construction solution because it is strong, durable and fire resistant. concrete blocks reinforced with steel bars, placed in the main masonry can also be used and usually cost less than in-situ concrete.

Wood can only be used for light structural work. Steel can be used to reinforce screeds, columns and concrete reinforcements, but must be protected against corrosion if exposed to groundwater. Metal is also expensive, so it must be used efficiently in order to be economical as a structural material.

Other design considerations

Waterproofing

Waterproofing can be a problem for such structures. Keep these methods in mind to reduce the risk of water damage to your building:

• choose the area carefully
• plan drainage both on and below the surface of the underground house for watertightness.

Waterproofing systems should apply:

• Rubberized Asphalt - Combines a small amount of synthetic rubber with asphalt and is coated with a layer of polyethylene to form sheets. It can be applied directly to walls and roofs and has a long service life.
• Plastic and vulcanized sheets are among the most common types of underground waterproofing. plastic sheets include high density polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and chlorosulfonated polyethylene. Suitable vulcanized membranes or synthetic rubber include isobutylene isoprene, ethylene diene monomer, polychloroprene (neoprene), and polyisobutylene. For all these materials, the seams must be properly sealed to protect against leaks.
• Liquid polyurethane is often used in places where it is inconvenient to apply a membrane and is sometimes used as a coating over insulation on underground structures. note that weather must be dry and relatively warm during application.
• Bentonite is natural clay assembled into panels that are nailed to walls or applied as a liquid spray. When bentonite comes into contact with moisture, it expands and seals the moisture.

Humidity

Humidity levels may increase in earth-sheltered homes during summer period, which can cause condensation on internal walls. Installing insulation on the outside of the walls will prevent the walls from cooling and improve the cooling effect of the walls. Careful planning by the designer of an underground home is important to eliminate future problems.

Insulation

Although the insulation in an underground building should not be as thick as in an ordinary house, it is necessary to make earth house comfortable. Insulation is usually laid on the exterior of the house after application. waterproofing material, to preserve the interior of the building. If boards are used, then protective layer boards must keep the insulation from contact with wet surfaces.

Design and construction of a new energy efficient home or renovating an existing one requires careful planning and attention to detail. A complex approach systems helps homeowners, architects and builders design successful strategies to optimize the energy efficiency of your home.

This approach sees the house as energy system with interdependent parts, each of which affects the performance of the entire system. It also strongly influences the location and the local climate for the main consideration.

To take full advantage of the systems approach, whole house computer simulations are needed that compare multiple combinations of variables in order to design the most cost effective and most energy efficient solution.

Important variables when designing an underground house:

• Location conditions
• local climate
• Appliances and household appliances
• Insulation and air convection
• Lighting and daylight
• Heating and cooling
• Water heating
• Windows, doors and skylights.

Some advantages of using complex systems approach include:

• Reduced utility and operating costs
• Increased comfort
• Noise reduction
• Healthier and safer indoor environment
• Improved building durability.

You can use the systems approach with any home design. Once your energy needs have decreased you need to consider adding systems that generate electricity and thermal water.

The underground house in its visual indicators is very reminiscent of a hole or a hill, which merges with the natural landscape. More and more people are striving to acquire such housing. This is not only a way to stand out from the crowd or merge with nature as much as possible.

Such buildings, in which the roof and walls are underground, are rationally profitable from a financial point of view, both at the time of construction and in the future. Almost everyone can afford to build a house underground. The main thing is to keep all technological norms and high quality environment inside the house will be provided.

Thanks to temperature features soil, you can save on the energy spent on heating rooms. Soil is a poor conductor of heat, but retains it well. Due to this, all temperature changes that occur on the surface of the earth and in the air pass through the thickness of the soil to the underground house for a very long time.

According to ongoing research, it has been proven that the heat of the hottest days penetrates to a depth of 2.5 meters, only after 2-3 months. Spring is considered the coldest time for ground rocks. On the territory of Ukraine, the average temperature at a depth of 2 meters in winter is from 6 to 8 degrees above zero, and in summer - +15 +18 degrees.

A place to build a "fox hole"

The top of the hill is considered the most profitable place for construction. This is the highest point of the relief, which will prevent groundwater from seeping into the house. Windows can also be placed on all four cardinal directions (provided that they are built on the very top of the hill), which will provide the house with enough light and visibility.

When a house is being built, top part the hill is “cut off”, and after the construction is completed, it returns to its place. In such houses it is rarely installed additional lighting. Natural sunlight is enough for the house to be no different inside from the usual one (for example, made of bricks).

Types of underground houses

There are two types of houses built in a non-standard way:

Underground

bunded

Underground - involve the construction of housing completely underground and below its level. Bundled - located above ground level or only partially go down below the level line. But still, the part that is on the surface is covered with soil.

After the construction of the house is completed, the soil is filled up so that the roof becomes part of the site, which is planted with greenery.

Finding two identical houses built underground is unrealistic. Each of them has its own characteristics. But, there are several rules that apply to all types of earth-protected houses, they relate to the location on the terrain, appearance and construction method.

Dugout

The most uncomplicated house. The building can be located on almost any part of the terrain, which has a slight slope or is adjacent to a hill. The whole house is completely underground, the roof is covered with soil. The roof is usually gable, but may be flat or vaulted.

The entrance to the dugout is done from the end, always with a canopy. Leading steps line up to the door. Windows are often built into the roof or gables. The peculiarity of the structure of the dugout is that it is only one-story. If you make the second floor, then it will already be an ordinary building with a basement. The width of the house depends on the span of the floor, but usually does not exceed 6 meters. In the house, you can make several rooms, the light in which will come through the windows.

To build a dugout house, you first need to dig a pit of a suitable size. Walls are being built inside it, which must be waterproofed. Install supporting pillars, on which the roof will then be mounted. After the walls, ceilings and waterproofing material are erected, the roof can be covered with soil.

A bunded house can be built on a flat plot, a hill or a slope. Such a construction does not imply the complete immersion of the house underground, but only partially or completely - it is built on the surface. For example, a house can be attached to a hill, which will serve as a fence and a wall for construction.

The remaining walls are collapsed, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction. The house implies any layout with windows on at least two sides. It can also be from several floors.

The first step in the construction of a bunded house is digging a foundation pit. If the house is completely built on the surface of the earth, then it is immediately necessary to proceed to the second stage - to build walls and a roof. In addition to waterproofing, walls and roofs must withstand the load of the soil, so all calculations must be made in accordance with the standards, preferably by a specialist. The house is covered with earth, except for those areas where the entrance and windows are located.

Building a house into a slope

The arrangement of rooms and the number of floors in such a house will depend on how steep the angle of the slope of the relief is. The steeper, the greater the number of storeys. The lighting in the house is natural, the windows are usually made extended along the entire length of the slope. Building a house on a slope begins with the removal of part of the soil. The building is attached close, and then the landscape is brought back to its previous state. If the soil rocks of the slope are sufficiently stable, then the house is built directly in the thickness of the earth.

The house, which will be located on the top of the hill, can be built in the form of a tunnel. Then it will have two exits, each on the opposite edge of the slope. This layout will increase the possibility of lighting and provide good ventilation. There are two building options. In the first case: the tunnel is built in the hillside, without violating its integrity from above. At the second: removed upper layer hill, a house is built, and then the soil is refilled. The end result is that the relief remains the same.

Selection of waterproofing for an underground house

Waterproofing should be chosen based on the following factors:

1. Construction material of the roof and walls. If the house is built of stone, then the following are used as waterproofing: coating, roll and plaster. For a concrete structure, it is necessary to apply penetrating waterproofing. Thanks to it, a protective layer is formed in the nutria of the wall, which does not allow moisture to pass through.

2. Soil moisture. Depending on the climate zone in which the house will be built, the number of layers of waterproofing will depend. If the soil is dry for a long time of the year, then to treat the surfaces of walls and roofs, it is enough to coat them with hot bitumen 2 times. If the soil is of medium moisture and high, it is better to use rolled waterproofing materials and the greater the pressure of soil water, the more layers should be laid.

3. Mechanical influence on waterproofing. It should be borne in mind that underground houses, especially those built on slopes, are subject to pressure from the ground due to its creep or if the house is built in a seismic zone. Therefore, in such situations, plaster waterproofing is more suitable.

Construction rules

A house built underground is highly exposed to moisture, for this reason all building materials must be appropriate. To such building materials applies to:

Wood treated with a special water-repellent impregnation;

Ceramics;

Such material as aerated concrete is not suitable for the construction of underground housing, it strongly absorbs moisture. Before choosing a waterproofing material, all possible situations must be considered.

Houses built with a small recess or completely underground are covered with soil that was chosen during the construction of the pit. If the house is built at ground level, then the soil will need to be purchased additionally.

The most common way to build an underground or bunded house is to initially dig a pit 1 meter larger than the planned size of the house. This method is called open.

On all outer sides of the wall, a shallow foundation is made. Its endurance is calculated according to what load it will have. Even if the thickness of the walls of the house is not very large, the load of bulk soil should be taken into account. The roof structure can be created as truss system or boardwalk.

If the walls of the house brickwork or concrete, it is better to make the ceiling monolithic in the form of a vault. This design will become more durable under the earth.

Wall and floor waterproofing must be done in a continuous loop. If the house is located at a depth of more than one meter, then there is no need for thermal insulation. This applies to walls, but the roof must be additionally insulated. The main thing that thermal insulation material was resistant to humid environment. The arrangement of floors is no different from their construction in an ordinary house: waterproofing, insulation, screed and final coating.

The drainage system is laid near the walls of the house around the entire perimeter. All water will drain through the pipe into a separate drainage pipe, which is embedded below the level of the house and discharged into the gutter. It is imperative to drain excess water from the roof surface to reduce the load.

Engineering systems of an underground house

Electricity and water are supplied to the underground house in the same way as in the usual one. Great importance for a bunded or underground house plays ventilation system. Due to the fact that the walls of the house are maximally isolated from external influences, a large accumulation of moisture can form in the rooms, which causes the development of fungus and mold.

Therefore, ventilation in such a house should be forced and flow-exhaust. The pipe is brought to the roof, if the cubic capacity of the house is large, there may be more than one ventilation pipe.