All materials for building a house. Modern wall materials

At the current stage of development, there are more than 20 technologies by which private houses are built. It is impossible to say unequivocally that this technology is the best, and this one is completely bad. All of them are imperfect, they all have positive and negative points. In order to correctly answer the question “What kind of house to build”, you need to decide on the basic requirements that you place on a home. Under them to choose technology. Everyone has their own definition of the best home, both material and technology.

What are houses built from?

All external walls can be divided into two large groups: inertial and non-inertial. Inertial houses are built from materials with high heat capacity. They tend to accumulate heat, and then radiate it. Moreover, the radiation is in the infrared range. In such houses, even at a relatively low air temperature, it is warm. The feeling is this: infrared heat is better perceived by our body.

The walls of non-inertial houses are a “pie” of materials of different composition and sequence. But they all have one property: the materials have good or excellent thermal insulation properties, but have a low heat capacity. The main difference between houses of this type is that it is not the walls that heat up, but the air and it warms up quickly, but it also cools down. In order to keep warm for a long time, the rooms are sealed. And this has its drawbacks. We will talk in more detail about the properties and materials of both.

Inertial materials

In inertial wall material tends to accumulate heat and remove moisture. To keep the accumulated heat as long as possible, external insulation is mandatory for them. The advantage of rooms made of inertial materials is that in the absence of heating they “keep” the temperature for quite a long time. It follows that such technologies are more appropriate for permanent residences. For a temporary visit - for summer cottages - they are inconvenient and irrational: a lot of time passes until the walls warm up. In the meantime, the walls are cold, the rooms are chilly.

Materials for the construction of inertial houses:

• ceramic brick (solid and hollow);
• adobe;
• ceramic blocks;
• foam block and monolith from it;
• gas block;
• expanded clay concrete blocks and monolith;
• adobe houses;
• cinder block.

The main disadvantage of houses of this type is the rather high cost and duration of construction. Somewhere these shortcomings are more pronounced, somewhere less, but in general they are like this: a powerful foundation is required, the walls take a long time to build.

Inertia-free materials

Non-inertial houses are built from materials with low energy intensity. Basically, these are modern materials and technologies that provide for a multi-layer cake for walls. The main point is that almost all of them have low vapor permeability or do not conduct vapor at all. It's the same with air: it doesn't pass through walls. This means that in order to regulate humidity and ensure the flow of fresh air, removal of carbon dioxide, a competent ventilation system is needed.

The main requirement for non-inertial houses is compliance with the technology and the tightness of the room, and ventilation is necessary to regulate air conditions.

Inertial-free houses are built from the following materials:

• 3D panel, MDM, SOTA - there is polystyrene foam inside the system, and densely reinforced concrete outside;
• Termodom, Izodom - concrete is poured into a fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene;
• polystyrene concrete - a new type of material - concrete with polystyrene filler;
• sandwich panels - more often they build industrial facilities from them, but sometimes, in order to save money, country houses are built;
• SIP panels - insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) between two OSB boards;
• frame houses - insulation between plywood or OSB boards:
• Vacuum panels are a new building technology that is not yet used in private housing construction, but already exists.

The main advantage of non-inertial houses is the short time and low cost of construction. Since the walls are light, the foundations for such buildings are inexpensive. Since they account for a significant part of construction costs, the overall reduction in the cost of construction is significant. If you are deciding which house to build and the key constraint is money and/or time to build it, you may need to choose from these materials. But at the same time, we must not forget about the design of ventilation systems and be sure to take into account its cost in the calculations, otherwise life will be very uncomfortable, and in some cases impossible.

This is a diagram where sellers of new technologies demonstrate their advantages, "forgetting" to tell about the disadvantages.

Wooden houses

Wooden houses stand apart. These are houses made of logs or timber (regular, profiled, glued). On the one hand, the walls breathe, on the other, their inertia is small. Previously, such buildings could be attributed to partially inertial due to the fact that in the center of the building there was a stove with a large heat capacity. The heat accumulated in it warmed the house until the fire burned.

Building today in wooden houses, few people put a brick stove for heating. Basically it is water heating. Therefore, houses can be classified as non-inertial: if a log of large diameter still has at least some significant inertia, then the heat stored in a beam of 150 * 150 mm is definitely not enough. It is necessary either to add fuel at night, or to install combined boilers that run on electricity at night. There is another way out - to make external insulation. The measure is understandable and quite effective, but only if the vapor permeability of the insulation and finishing material.

Without proper care, a wooden house will look like this

There is another important aspect: in order for wooden houses to have a normal appearance, they need annual maintenance. This means that every year or every two years (depending on the type of processing) you will either have to work with a brush yourself or hire workers. Without this, a beautiful building will turn into black and unattractive. Actually, then there is a way out - to make an exterior finish, and this is still an expense, like the maintenance of wood - impregnations, paints cost a lot.

As you can see, there really are no ideal technologies. To decide which house to build, you need to proceed from your situation, decide on the key points that will allow you to choose the material for the walls and the technology of its construction correctly and with awareness of all the nuances. Let's take a closer look at a few of the most typical home requirements.

Which house is cheaper to build

Let's start with the fact that the cost of building a foundation and a box of a house from all inertial materials of industrial production is definitely more expensive than from non-inertial ones. They have a high density, and this is reflected in the mass of the building, which leads to an increase in the cost of the foundation.

The most expensive house is brick. We will take it as a standard and the cost of construction using other technologies will be compared with it. The next one in terms of cost is from ceramic blocks - about 90% of the price of a brick one. The most inexpensive of this group are adobe and adobe houses.

An adobe house is 100% eco-friendly, warm, and cheap. Fairy tale, not technology

If you have time and the weather permits, over the summer you can make and dry adobe bricks for a very large house. At the cost of materials, they can compete with many modern technologies. Especially if there is an opportunity to mine clay on your own. The remaining fillers are straw, manure, etc. - also either free or cost a little. The only point is that it takes time to make bricks, and it is sometimes more expensive than money - after all, they are not industrially made. Another limitation is the climate - not everyone will have the weather to dry the clay to stone density. So this technology is available for budget construction in regions with hot summers.

More expensive than adobe, but decently cheaper than brick, block buildings. Aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and foam concrete blocks require approximately 70-75% of the estimate for the construction of a similar brick house. But aerated concrete requires excellent waterproofing and it is risky to use it in areas with a high level of groundwater. Cinder block is inexpensive. By the way, you can also do it yourself. But the service life of slag concrete is about 50 years. Then it will collapse.

Even less - about 30-50% of the cost of a brick house is required for the construction of non-inertial houses. The cheapest so far are SIP panels. They take no more than a third of the price of brick construction. For carcasses - about 40% will be required. But at the same time, the service life is about 25-50 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the technology. However, for this entire group, adherence to technology is key: even small deviations can have disastrous consequences.

Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that the cost of the ventilation system must be added to the cost of all non-inertial boxes. If it works out - natural, if not - forced will be needed (it is much more expensive to install and maintain). But there must be ventilation, and it must be calculated correctly.

The construction of a wooden house will require about 60-70% of the cost of a brick one. But here it is still necessary to include caulking and grinding the log house. You can't get by without them. Want, if a wooden house is immediately planned for finishing, grinding is not required.

What is faster to build

The longest construction period for a brick house (again). It will take at least a year to build. This is if all technical processes will go without delay. It will take about 6 months to distill the box of building blocks from the finished adobe. It is possible to build a house from all types of panels for 1-3 months. The same amount will be required for the assembly of frame houses.

And again, wooden houses do not fit into any group. If you cut corners on the spot, you will assemble the walls for about a month, perhaps two. If you ordered a finished project and brought a layout with cut bowls to the site, you can fold it in a few days. Add time to the foundation and roof. The total will be up to six months. But it will not be possible to enter immediately after the forcing of the walls - before the start of finishing, you need to wait at least another six months or even a year - it depends on the initial importance of the material.

Only a house made of glued laminated timber can be finished immediately. All other wooden houses must stand for at least six months - the wood must dry out and sit down, take on its operational dimensions. The difference in height can be up to 15-20 cm per frame, and this is a lot. Therefore, finishing begins only after 9-12 months. So put the box and quickly move into it in this case will not work.

So, features - the sea. But if you decide which house to build in the country, and you plan to stay there only during the season, there is no desire or opportunity to spend a lot of money, then pay attention to the frame or SIP panels. They are inexpensive and are built quickly. Just study the technology thoroughly: they do not like mistakes.

My home is my castle

If we talk about the fortress of the walls, then brick houses are in the first place. These are definitely bulletproof walls. Sufficiently strong - expanded clay concrete, cinder block, adobe technologies. Their density is also sufficient to stop a bullet. With other building blocks it is a little more difficult - you need to look at the density.

Expanded clay is a good choice - dense enough to be reliable, average in price and construction speed (about 6 months)

Strong enough are obtained at home with concrete components 3D panel, MDM, SOTA, Termodom, Izod. All other technologies are in no way an obstacle to serious shock loads. Of course, you can’t break through them, but they definitely aren’t a fortress either.

As you can see, it is impossible to say unequivocally that some technology is the best. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, choose the most important points and determine for yourself which house will be built to meet your requirements.

Let's make a reservation right away that in this article we will not consider exotic building materials, such as adobe bricks, reeds or felt. Let's talk about materials traditionally used in Russia and most other countries for building houses. There are a lot of them (and new ones are constantly appearing), however, all of them are one or another variation on the theme of wood, stone or concrete.

The traditional dispute about which walls are “warm” and which are not, in our opinion, has already lost its relevance: on the one hand, there are now so many effective heat-insulating technologies that any wall can be made “warm”; on the other hand, even the “warmest” wall, made “by a blunder”, instead of heat, will give only drafts. Therefore, we believe that one of the most important qualities that the best material for building a house should have is its weight. The more massive the walls of the house, the stronger they are and the greater the load they can withstand. But the foundations in such a design must also have a large bearing capacity, which significantly increases the cost of construction (the cost of the foundation can reach up to 30% of the cost of the entire house!)

wooden houses

The "lightest" types of houses are frame-panel and panel. Their walls and partitions consist of a wooden frame upholstered with wooden panels, between which there is a layer of heat-insulating material. The difference between them is that the walls of a frame house are erected “on the spot”, while the walls of a panel house are built at the factory in the form of panels. The advantages of such houses are: the speed of construction (professional teams spend about 3 weeks on assembling a frame house, a panel house can be assembled in a few days), the ability to use weakly supporting foundations that are easy to install, and, consequently, a serious reduction in the cost of construction. Disadvantages: weak strength and bearing capacity (it is allowed to build up to two floors with an attic), fragility (the warranty life of such houses is about 20-25 years, although in reality a well-built house stands without repair and 50-60 years - there are examples). In addition, in Russia, frame-panel technologies are still somewhat wary, although in Europe and America this is one of the most common houses, so wooden panels may well act as the best material for building a house with the tolerance of certain structural restrictions.

Wooden log cabins are next in weight, either from a round log (manual or mechanical cylinder), or from a rectangular bar. Their advantages: ease of erection, average cost, the possibility of using inexpensive foundations, increased strength and durability (40-50 years minimum) compared to frame houses. The disadvantages are as follows: log cabins are subject to shrinkage, so it is impossible to build such a house within one season; as a result of shrinkage, cracks are formed, therefore log cabins require mandatory caulking; increased fire hazard of the material, requiring the use of additional protective measures; the most important thing is the direct dependence of the quality of the material on its price. Inexpensive hand-fed log cabins are usually made of poor quality wood, with many slots, and good quality logs and beams are usually expensive.

Houses made of stone and concrete

Recently, houses made of various kinds of concrete derivatives have become widespread: foam concrete, polystyrene concrete, etc. These materials are quite light (compared to ordinary concrete), non-combustible, have good heat and sound insulation, are easy to install and also claim to be the best material for building a house. Of the minuses, one can note the fragility of the material, which does not allow building above two floors. There are problems with interior decoration - the "softness" of the material forces us to make all sorts of additional "false walls". In addition, buildings made of these materials require the immediate installation of insulated facades, otherwise unprotected walls begin to quickly collapse.

Aerated concrete blocks, aerated concrete blocks, wood concrete, foam concrete, sawdust concrete - there are many building materials and technologies on the market. But which of them will allow you to build a really inexpensive, functional and reliable housing?

The development of technologies is more related to monolithic and frame construction. If you pay attention to frame technologies, effective are LSTK-structures, with thin walls made on the basis of a steel profile.

The finished object is distinguished by low weight, high strength, and the absence of "cold bridges". On the basis of LSTC, it is possible to successfully conduct low-rise residential construction of townhouses, cottages and other low-rise buildings (up to three floors). The cost of the finished object will be 13 tr/m² and more.

In forest-deficient areas, it makes sense to lighten the weight of the roof by reducing the power of the truss system. This is not only economical, but will also affect the choice of the type of bearing base.

The first step to effective construction should be the analysis of traditional housing, which is being built in a particular climatic region. Such functional and technological properties are optimal and economical.

Monolithic construction involves the installation of removable or fixed formwork, pouring concrete (heavy / light - to choose from), erecting a roof. The cost of a finished house made of concrete with your own hands on a fixed formwork starts from 8 tr / m², on a removable one - a little cheaper.

Another the way to build a cheap house is to use wooden bricks. The material is made on the basis of solid wood. Each module is equipped with a four-sided lock, which eliminates shrinkage and blowing. Construction of the house will take 2-8 weeks. Manufacturers offer the most cheap wooden pine brick at a cost of 470 USD/m³, from which it is easy to calculate the cost of costs, knowing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls.

Aerated concrete blocks - which is cheaper

The advantages and disadvantages of blocks made from different types of concrete are discussed in the table data:

Based on the tabular data, it can be seen that the cheapest building material for building a house is aerated concrete, foam concrete. Expanded clay concrete block is also on sale, but it is much more expensive. Sawdust concrete is in the same price category with foam concrete.

The production of cellular and porous blocks is progressing. A house made of gas silicate on two floors, lined with siding, can be considered typical. Ready project is easy to choose online

natural wood

Considering all the possibilities of choice, it is impossible not to mention natural wood. This is the most environmentally friendly material that allows you to create durable housing. The construction of houses from logs or timber is based on cheap load-bearing bases., - columnar, shallow. You can build a house quickly, and finishing is not difficult.

However, neither the bar nor the log meets the modern requirements of thermal protection. It is cold in a house made of timber, that is, additional insulation is required. There is a special material with insulation, but they are much more expensive. In addition, such a house burns easily.

wooden frame

How to build a house inexpensively? - This is a story about a wooden frame. The master does not require special skills, a shallow-depth bearing base is enough. But, in such a house there is very poor sound insulation, environmental friendliness suffers due to the large amount of insulation rodents and insects are often present. Supply and exhaust ventilation is required. Extremely low resilience to natural disasters has also been noted.

Panel materials

In a few weeks, you can build a house based on reinforced concrete panels. After the installation of the walls, you can proceed to the finishing work. The cost of the material is 9-15 tr / piece, which depends on its series and purpose. Used wall material may be on sale, but it is not recommended to purchase it.

Sandwich panels allow you to build a house in a matter of months. The material is produced in accordance with standard designs at factories, therefore it is monotonous. If you follow the installation technology, you can get an excellent summer house, cottage, outbuildings.

Additional materials

When deciding what is the cheapest material for building a house, one should not forget about other structural elements.

The larger the house in terms of area, the higher its cost and costs in man-hours. By choosing a successful project, you can build good housing quite cheaply.

To save money, you can pay attention to the following recommendations:

• the cheapest roof is covered with ondulin, corrugated board, roofing material, wave slate;
• inexpensive windows can be equipped both from wood and from metal-plastic. The same applies to door frames. If wood is used, it must be softwood;
• the most economical material for finishing the building is flat slate, however, it is better to cover it with paint. In the economy class, plaster, tiles, facing bricks are appropriate;
• for interior work, you can use lining, which can be cut independently from unedged boards 25 mm;
• as an alternative, you can consider buying a plastic lining, however, it does not have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which imposes certain restrictions;
• an inexpensive house is not too hard, so the finish of the fiberboard is questionable, the seams may crack;
• building a house on one floor does not require the cost of lifting mechanisms, scaffolding, extra helpers;
• do not be afraid of purchasing from domestic manufacturers. All materials, from metal trusses to various types of insulation, are no worse than imported analogues;
• it must be understood that a certain part of the materials that are somehow involved in construction can be made by hand. For example, do-it-yourself plasticizer for concrete.

Do you need a quote to build a house?

When choosing from which material it is cheaper to build a house, it is worth relying on the actual conditions of construction and the purpose of the object. The most cost-effective work relates to the construction of summer cottages, garden houses, that is, seasonal residences. If you plan to equip a place for permanent residence, you should expect an increase in costs, albeit insignificant.

The calculation of the estimated cost will optimize the progress of work, which will eliminate disruptions in the flow of building materials to the construction site. When choosing even the cheapest building material, it is important to know how much of it will be required and what will be the cost of its purchase.

An enterprising person found an unusual, cheapest building material for building a house:

A brief description and description of the main pros and cons will be made between country houses from the following materials:

• bricks;
• sawn shell rock;
• foam blocks;
• gas blocks;
• reinforced concrete on fixed formwork;
• timber or round logs.

Country house made of bricks

To build a brick house, a solid foundation is needed, either a deep-buried type or a slab type. This is due to the large load of the entire structure. The load primarily depends on the weight of the building, and masonry bricks cannot be called easy. 1 cube of brick weighs on average 1200-1800 kg. To make it more clear, 5 square meters of a wall 25 cm thick will weigh about 2 tons. Considering that the foundation is massive, the financial costs of construction increase dramatically.

Brick in its technological range is the "smallest" masonry material. If, for example, it is compared with a shell rock or foam block. Based on this, for the laying of load-bearing walls, a significant amount of binder, that is, a cement-sand mortar, will be required. This also entails significant financial costs.

The cost of masonry is a very conditional indicator, since it all depends on the desired result. For example, you can save money and buy grade 2 bricks. Considering that the brick initially has discrepancies and small irregularities, you can order dirty masonry from the construction team and in this case save a little. The result is load-bearing walls that require mandatory plastering. This is where the catch lies, the money saved on grade 2 bricks and dirty masonry will go completely to plastering work.

Brick houses have good heat and sound insulation, good durability

The second option is when a top-grade brick is purchased and a clean masonry is ordered from specialists for jointing. Initially, more money is spent than in the first case, but as a result, load-bearing walls are obtained that do not require external facade decoration at all. Plaster only finishes the inner surface of the walls.

At first glance, it may seem that brick construction is a very costly undertaking. However, a brick house has its own set of positive qualities. Not bad, but not the best thermal insulation and sound insulation, good seismic resistance, high strength and long service life of the building, about 100 years or more.

Attention! Given the high strength of the main walls, absolutely any type of roof can be mounted on them, so you can already try to save on roofing material.

Houses from sawn shell rock (cauldron)

Construction of a house from sawn shell rock (cauldron) is not available in any region. The main quarries and mines where kotelets are mined are located in the southern regions. According to its structure, the cauldron is a stone with a regular rectangular shape, dimensions 39x19x20 cm. The structure of the stone is relatively porous, but the cauldron has fairly good strength and low thermal conductivity.

To build a house from a cauldron, as in the case of a brick, a good capital foundation is needed. Therefore, choosing this material, we advise you to immediately calculate the cost of pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation.

Considering that the cauldron is almost 3.5-4 times larger in volume than a brick, much less binder cement-sand mortar will be required for masonry. Here the boiler outperforms the brick, however, the walls of sawn shell rock will have to be plastered. A variant with a fine classic masonry from a cauldron, not very suitable for residential buildings. Clean masonry with jointing from a cauldron can only be used for the construction of non-residential buildings, for example, a garage or a fence.

The load-bearing walls from the boiler are “warm”, have good sound insulation, below average waterproofing and excellent strength. Boiler walls, like brick walls, have high strength and seismic resistance, which allows them to make roofs of any design, type and from any materials.

Country house from foam blocks

The load-bearing walls of a country house made of foam blocks are the warmest when compared among the masonry stone. The thermal conductivity of the foam block is only 0.2 - 0.4 W / (m * K), and for example, for the same brick, it is about 0.8 W / (m * K). The lower the thermal conductivity, the less cold penetrates the housing in winter at sub-zero temperatures.

At a cost, a foam block is about 2 times cheaper than a brick and 1.5 times cheaper than a boiler, if we compare the price for 1 m / cu. At the same time, even less masonry bonding mortar is required for the construction of walls than when using a boiler. This is due to the large dimensions of the foam blocks 20x30x60 cm. As a binder solution for foam blocks, not a cement-sand mortar is used, but an adhesive mass, which makes it possible to obtain a thin seam between adjacent stones with a thickness of only 5 mm.

For the construction of main walls from foam blocks, it is not at all necessary to make a massive foundation. Yes, the foundation must be solid and made of reinforced concrete, however, the foundation strip can be laid only 90-100 cm, that is, below the freezing point of the soil for the middle lane. This is due to the fact that the foam block has a light weight compared to brick. 1 m3 of foam blocks weighs about 600 kg.

Any medal has a reverse side, the foam block is no exception. Possessing good thermal insulation and sound insulation, this stone has poor waterproofing. The structure of the foam block is very porous, not that it passes water, but it absorbs moisture like a sponge. Due to poor quality, the walls of a country house made of foam blocks must be plastered, after which, in most cases, they are puttied with waterproof embossed facade putty.

It is worth mentioning another drawback. Compared to brick or koteltsovy capital walls, walls made of foam blocks have less strength. That is, in general, the building is earthquake-resistant and durable, but the choice of design and materials for the manufacture of the roof is limited.

Advice. Most often, a light roof is made from foam blocks on cottages from metal tiles or flexible bituminous tiles. You will have to forget about the classic ceramic tiles forever.

Country cottage from gas blocks

The gas block is the same masonry stone as the foam block. The thermal conductivity of the gas block is approximately 0.2 W / (m * K), which also does not emit this masonry material. In general, the gas block is as good in terms of thermal and sound insulation qualities as the foam block, however, the gas block has greater strength and better waterproofing.

A house made of gas blocks is stronger and more resistant to moisture than a house made of foam blocks

The whole point lies in the difference in the composition of masonry materials. Foam blocks are made from cement, sand and water, and aluminum powder is used as a foaming agent, which, in reaction with water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), produces a reaction in the form of a huge amount of oxygen bubbles. These bubbles form the porous structure of the foam block. Two more components were introduced into the composition of the gas block: quartz sand, which increases the strength of the structure, and lime, which increases the strength of the connection between particles of ordinary and quartz sand in the structure.

Considering the increased strength of the material, almost any type of roof can be mounted on the load-bearing walls made of gas blocks, and the outer walls can not be plastered with a cement-sand mortar, but simply puttyed with facade waterproof putty. There is only one minus for gas blocks - this is a high price compared to foam blocks.

Country house made of reinforced concrete on fixed formwork

The construction technology is relatively new, it is no more than 15 years old. The construction technology is as follows. On the surface of the fabricated strip foundation, a fixed formwork is installed, consisting of two sheets of dense polystyrene foam (polystyrene). No supports or formwork struts are required. The distance of 20 cm between two parallel sheets of expanded polystyrene is set by special plastic holders, which are fixed to the sheets.

The height of the foam sheets is not more than 25 cm. Having thus installed the formwork around the entire perimeter, it is reinforced by passing reinforcement or reinforcing cages between the sheets of foam plastic and the entire formwork is poured with liquid concrete. After that, they begin to install the second row of formwork, etc. In one day, 2-3 rows of formwork are poured with concrete in this way.

The advantage of this technology is that the walls are the most durable, which is important for areas located in an unstable seismic zone. In addition, a record-breaking construction period stands out. The walls of an ordinary one-story country house are raised in 7-9 working days. Another advantage is that the process of manufacturing load-bearing walls takes place in parallel with their internal and external insulation.

Attention! The downside of the construction technology on fixed formwork is the high consumption of by no means cheap liquid concrete and reinforcing elements.

Country houses made of timber or logs

For the construction of a house from a bar, a bar with a section of 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm is mainly used. And for the construction of a house from rounded logs, logs with a diameter of 15 to 25 cm are used. It must be said right away that the construction of a wooden house, in comparison with housing from any of the above-described stones, is much cheaper.

Timber houses require mandatory regular treatment from moisture

Saving starts from the very beginning, that is, from the foundation. For a wooden country house, it is not at all necessary to make a reinforced concrete foundation; it is quite possible to get by with the manufacture of a pile-screw or columnar type of foundation. The installation of walls itself also does not imply the use of any kind of binder solution or glue. The fastening of the timber to each other in the wall structure is carried out on dowels, and the walls of rounded logs are mounted using chopped or sawn cups.

The catch of such cheap and environmentally friendly walls lies in their increased vulnerability to moisture. And if there are a huge number of ways to protect the same walls from foam blocks from moisture, for example, plaster, putty, etc., then to protect wood from decay, there is only a small set of liquid emulsions that need to be impregnated with wood before the construction of load-bearing walls . Another disadvantage of wooden housing is the increased risk of fire, which will require you to fork out a lot when doing electrical wiring, which is more demanding than when building stone walls.

We have no right to specifically recommend or impose this or that building material or technology. Everyone chooses according to their personal preferences and based on their own financial capabilities. In this article, we only tried to give a brief description of the various construction technologies, and you decide for yourself what is more promising for you.

What material is better to build a house from - video

Living in your own home has many more advantages than even the most luxurious apartment. A private home is a place where you are free to do whatever you want. Here you will not be disturbed by noisy neighbors who want to make repairs early in the morning or late. Here you are not at risk of being flooded or experiencing the inconvenience that apartment residents face. Many are accustomed to believing that buying a plot, and even more so building a house on it, is fabulous money. However, with the development of modern technologies in construction, the cheapest technology for building a house has become several times more affordable. Now we will consider the main question: where to start, and most importantly, from what to build the cheapest house?

Preparatory stage

The first point that needs to be determined initially is the functionality of the house. What is it for.

If this is a country cottage for seasonal living, then only materials are needed,

if this is a full-fledged house for permanent residence, then it is completely different.

To decide what kind of house will be, you should thoroughly study the climate and weather conditions of the region where construction is planned. After all, the choice of building materials directly depends on the temperature regime during the year. A house for regular residence must be constantly heated during the cold season, which entails certain financial costs. Therefore, when choosing a material for a building, one should be guided by thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as shrinkage.

Each climatic region has its own temperature regime, wind speed and protection class in terms of heat-shielding properties. Therefore, when choosing a material and calculating the thickness of the walls, two main parameters must be taken into account: the coefficient of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.

For each region, its own specially calculated indicator of the thermal resistance of the CTS is used. In order to obtain clarity on the upcoming heating costs, it is necessary to calculate the CTS of the future design. To do this, the width (δ) of the wall is divided by the coefficient of thermal conductivity (λ), which is indicated in the technical specifications of the building material R = δ / λ. The calculated value of heat transfer resistance must comply with the standard.

As an example, consider the use of cellular concrete, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.12 W / m * ºС. Let's take a block with a thickness of 0.3 meters and calculate: R \u003d 0.3 / 0.12 \u003d 2.5 W / m 2 * ºС. This figure is below the norm and is suitable, except for construction in the southern regions of Russia. A block 0.4 meters wide gives heat transfer resistance 0.4 / 0.12 \u003d 3.3 W / m 2 * ºС, which is slightly higher than the standard indicator and can be used in the construction of buildings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The calculation is relevant only when laying blocks on glue.

To determine the wall thickness corresponding to the advanced generally recognized standards in terms of energy efficiency, you can use the same formula, where it will be equal to the product of the heat transfer resistance value and the thermal conductivity coefficient δ \u003d λ x R.

From this it follows that in order to obtain the standard value of resistance λ = 3.2, the thickness of the wall from a solid wood of coniferous species (pine, spruce) will be 0.18 x 3.2 = 0.576 m, from brick 0.81 x 3.2 = 2.592 m, and from concrete 2.04 x 3.2 = 6.528 m. At the same time, mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 140-150 mm complies with the standard: 0.045 x 3.2 = 0.14 m.

Therefore, when choosing a material and determining the thickness of a structure, one should take into account the resistance to heat transfer and the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity,

specific heat

and the change in linear dimensions for each material is different.

In addition, when choosing a material for building an inexpensive house, you need to study the market for building materials that are typical for this region. Delivery of materials, as a rule, occupies a considerable share in their cost.

Now you need to decide on the size of the future home. For example, do you want to build a one-story house inexpensively or the house will have more floors. What will be the area of ​​the house in relation to the area of ​​your site?
You can calculate the area of ​​​​your plot online.

Windows of standard sizes;

Practical layout without frills;

simple roof;

Available building materials;

Flat small fireplace;

You should also take into account one important nuance, if you have a small plot, then you can choose a simple project of a two-story house. Such a solution will be much cheaper than building a one-story large house.

The cost of a future home is determined by three components, on each of which you can save:

• architectural layout is compact, maximum functionality and comfort and allows you to achieve 20% savings;
• a simple design solution should be rational and not contain any architectural frills will provide another 10% savings;
• modern materials make it possible to use the latest technologies in construction, allowing you to do the work yourself or with the involvement of a minimum amount of outside labor, which guarantees up to 40% savings in the end result.

The optimal solution for a family of 2-3 people is housing consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​approximately 50 m 2 . A reasonable option would be a 6×9 house, which includes: two bedrooms, a living room in the form of a studio, with a kitchen, a combined bathroom and toilet, and a small entrance hall.
<

Layout: maximum functionality and comfort

The main principle of space planning is to extract the maximum benefit from each square meter of space. In our case, this is the ratio of total and usable space. This house, consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​54 m 2, will fully satisfy your needs in modern housing. Moreover, the ratio of total and usable area (52 m 2) is 96.3%.

But over time, you will want to increase its area. Such a structure is most suitable for transformation. It can be expanded in width and height.

Second option

Important! The construction of the second floor must be thought out in advance in order to lay the appropriate foundation.

Third option, first floor

Third option, second floor

The exterior of the house economy option

Exterior view of the house after expansion

The key to savings: simplicity of design

Designs should also be approached as simply as possible, without additional frills. With economical construction, there are a number of points that must be considered:

• The selected house width of 6 m will allow you to easily install floor slabs. The standard size will not require the construction of an additional load-bearing wall.
• Combining the dining kitchen and the hall into a modern living room, according to European standards, will save on the absence of walls and doors.
• A sufficient width of the walls will be 30 cm, and heat resistance can be achieved due to the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material when facing the house. In this case, the plinth is reduced in width to 25 cm.
• It is advisable to make the walls in the house from drywall, they do not require a foundation and are easy to install.
• The roof is made gable, without unnecessary frills - this is the most cost-effective design.

Building a cheap house with your own hands is the most economical option

Approximately half of the cost of construction is payment for the performance of work. When building a cheap house, it is more expedient to do the maximum amount of work with your own hands, without involving hired workers.

Why you need to purchase only modern material. Its installation technologies are designed for a simple average person, so construction will not require professional skills from you and will provide an opportunity to save money. As a labor force, you can attract one assistant. If you do not have free time to build a house with your own hands, hire a team of two people with the appropriate qualifications, leaving control over the work.

Another option is the construction of standard projects. Here you do not need to participate in the construction, it is enough to take the finished house into operation, be sure to draw up an act of acceptance of the work performed, specifying the warranty obligations of the developer.
This 6×9 house is a great version of a two-story transformation.

Reviews and disputes: which cheap house is better?

To explain which of the cheap houses is better, we invite you to read the comments we have collected from various forums:

Alexander V.

I want to talk about building a cheap house. And I will touch not only the monetary side of the issue, but also the labor-intensive one. We buy modern materials, preferably in a construction hypermarket, where prices are much cheaper. We discard ideas about buildings from improvised materials (clay, straw, savage stone) as untenable. In the 21st century, we can talk about how walls made of clay and a foundation made of rubble. We are talking about modern housing, not Grandpa Pumpkin's house. We will not even consider the environmental friendliness of building materials. At the time of the developed world wide web, you can find the most controversial opinions about any material.
Hired builders will not be considered either. This multiplies the estimate at least twice initially. We carry out construction on our own, everyone can do it. The issue is the duration of the process.
And so the foundation. When building a house, you can not do without it. The most expedient and cost-effective - strip foundation on piles. The job is not difficult. Every 2m we drill piles, the length depends on the soil, and pour the grillage.
Nevertheless, the cheapest construction will be a frame house, insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Building a house of brick or sides on cement mortar will increase the cost of the estimate, take a lot of time, as a result we get a cold building that requires insulation.

Bogdan S.

I was going to build a house 6 × 9. For the past two months, I have been doing a personal project and drawing up a construction estimate. I read smart books, I participate in forums on all topics of interest, I watch videos. Now I read it and understand that everything is as you said: the foundation is piled, the house is frame, the roof is slate. Finishing inside: drywall, OSB boards and wallpaper. Of course plus heating and lighting. One thing I can say is that I do not invest in 10 thousand conditional raccoons. A bit more.

Sergei Zh.

I developed a project for a house of 50 m2 for my friend. Nothing special budget option, but house for year-round use. The foundation is solid. Wooden frame house insulated with mineral wool. Outside vapor barrier film, inside hardboard. The roof is slate. Pretty warm building, suitable for winter use. Appearance is not very good. Just covered with vapor barrier. Subsequently, you can sew up the siding. But the budget is the most modest. A friend spent only 4 thousand USD. True, he built it himself, he didn’t even want to hear about any hired brigade.

Looking at my house, I am more and more convinced that it is hardly possible to build anything cheaper than a frame house. I insulated the walls, rollers, the roof with mineral wool 15 cm thick. In addition, I built an attic floor. My roof is the simplest gable, covered with zerolin. Outside finished with siding, and inside the OSB and pasted wallpaper. It cost me a pleasure of $ 9,500.

The frame is the cheapest and warmest, but this does not mean that it is free. Everything is relative. My friends built a house from Sibit. They were happy until winter came. They froze through the winter, and now they are deciding how to insulate themselves and what it will be like.

Of course, the main costs are building materials, which we will talk about in more detail.

Modern building materials - the cheapest way to build a house

There is a lot of competition in the building materials market today. Therefore, by making a small detour of the main points of purchase, building materials such as a hypermarket, a bazaar or a warehouse, it will not be difficult to find the most reasonable price. But different material differs significantly in price.

The author of the article does not pursue the goal of promoting this or that building material, since the site does not sell them. The main thing is that a person who has a limited budget for construction can become the owner of a good and solid house.

Before reading the various options for houses, pay attention to Compared with other houses, it is characterized by cheap construction.

Cheap brick house?

1. Brick.

As many people know, brick is one of the most durable, but at the same time heavy materials. Based on this, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

1. high strength and durability;
2. excellent sound insulation;
3. availability;
4. environmental friendliness.

disadvantages:

1. large mass - laying a solid foundation will be required;
2. insufficient energy saving;
3. poorly processed;
4. long construction process.

Modern brick allows you to build any size and design of the house.

Cheap steel structure house

1. Steel strong constructions.

To date, it is one of the most durable and affordable building materials, which allows you to build reliable structures, houses, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Advantages:

1. affordable cost;
2. quick and easy installation;
3. versatility - you can build any structure;
4. using modern finishing materials, you can create a unique exterior.

disadvantages:

1. low strength;
2. poor and thermal insulation sound insulation without the presence of additional insulating materials.

Steel durable structures are becoming more and more popular today in the construction of private houses.

Cheap wooden house - is it true

1. Log or timber

A modern stylish log house looks amazing, and high environmental friendliness, durability and thermal insulation distinguish this building material from others.

Advantages:

1. high strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. excellent sound insulation;
4. quick and easy installation;
5. high thermal insulation;
6. easy to process;
7. relatively small weight;
8. amazing appearance.

disadvantages:

1. price;
2. the need for additional pest control;
3. fire hazard without special impregnations;
4. low water resistance.

A modern house made of logs or timber is stylish, practical and comfortable.

Favorite: cheap foam concrete house

1. Foam concrete is the most profitable material for building a house.

A lightweight building material that outperforms others in its characteristics.

Advantages:

1. quick and easy installation;
2. high load capacity and low weight;
3. over time, high strength;
4. excellent sound and heat insulation;
5. light weight;
6. acceptable cost;
7. easy to process;
8. environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages:

1. the first few years after manufacture has a low strength;
2. the porous structure of foam concrete will require additional finishing work;
3. hot in the summer.

Foam concrete is the cheapest way to build a house.

We looked at some of the most affordable building materials that can be used to build an inexpensive home. Today they are also widely used: twin blocks, monolith, ceramic stone, etc.

For example, the cost of a one-story frame house with two rooms, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom will cost 600-700 thousand rubles. Thus, the cheapest frame houses can be built for relatively little money.