Fertilizers, their properties and application. General classification of fertilizers, types and features of application

All plants and trees, like any living organism, need food. Nutrients necessary for growth, flowering and fruiting, plants take from the soil, water and air. I regularly fertilize flowers at home, on the site I use fertilizers for the garden. Without proper and timely feeding, plants grow slowly and cease to bloom. Understanding the many types of fertilizers is easy, I will talk about the main ones.

Types of fertilizers

The main criterion for distinguishing fertilizers is their division into organic and inorganic (mineral).

organic fertilizers are made from natural raw materials. Their main plus is a mild effect on the plant, the disadvantage is the smell and staining. These top dressings include peat, compost, green plants. Manure as fertilizer is the best food for crops. It contains all the necessary trace elements. The most valuable manure is horse manure. Cattle manure is used as an additive to horse manure. Fertilize the soil in areas with high humidity in the spring, in arid areas - in the fall.

Mineral fertilizers- These are artificially created chemical top dressings. They are easily and quickly absorbed by plants, but have one significant disadvantage. If the dosage is incorrectly calculated, the use of these fertilizers can lead to illness and death of the plant.

According to the form of release, mineral fertilizers are divided into:

1. liquid fertilizers. A concentrated solution that is diluted with water before use. The most common form of houseplant fertilizer.
2. Soluble. A powder that is diluted in water immediately before watering.
3. Granular. It is often used as a garden fertilizer.
4. Fertilizers in the form of candles or tablets. They are laid in the soil, where they gradually dissolve as they are watered. The disadvantage of this type is the uneven distribution of nutrients.

According to the field of application, top dressing is divided into several types:

1. Universal fertilizers contain the main macronutrients in approximately equal proportions.
2. Special fertilizers are created taking into account the needs of a particular type of plant.
3. Tree fertilizer is suitable for all fruit crops in the garden, and rose fertilizers are necessary for feeding both garden and indoor roses.

Standard fertilizers, in turn, are divided into top dressing for flowering and non-flowering plants. When choosing fertilizer for your lawn, opt for a fertilizer for non-flowering plants.

According to the composition of feeding are divided into:

1. Nitrogen fertilizers. With a lack of nitrogen, the plant slows down growth, the leaves turn yellow and fall off.
2. Phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphorus plays a major role in the processes of photosynthesis and fertilization, the lack of this element adversely affects the flowering and further fruitfulness of the plant.
3. potassium fertilizers. Potassium helps retain moisture in shoots and stems. In addition, potassium supplements increase the resistance of plants to different kind diseases.

I will talk about what fertilizers to use for which plants.

Which fertilizer and when to use depends on the type of plant that needs to be fed. It is logical to use nitrogen fertilizers for strawberries when the first buds appear, phosphorus fertilizers - after the flowering period. The use of fertilizers when planting seeds will nourish and protect them.

A lack of nutrients for a plant is just as dangerous as an overabundance. There are a number of rules that will help to carry out top dressing with the greatest efficiency:

1. Never increase the dose or concentration of fertilizers on your own. Follow the instructions on the package.
2. Do not fertilize dry soil. Such top dressing will lead to burns and plant disease.
3. During dormancy, newly transplanted plants do not need fertilizer.
4. Slow-growing plants need more frequent feeding than fast-growing ones.
5. Flowering plants fertilize with the beginning of flowering.
6. If the plant is active in winter, then top dressing is necessary all year round.

Fertilizers certainly help the gardener in growing strong and healthy plants. But the main thing to remember is that bait "works" only if all other conditions favor the development and growth of the plant. Garden Soil fatigue: prevention and control methods

This article will help you understand the variety of nutrients on the market.

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in the middle lane or in a house - in a container.

Quite often, even experienced summer residents face difficulties in growing tomato seedlings. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in an apartment ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient moisture and optimal temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut - a vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French sauce made from vinegar, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.

When we dreamily touch bright seed bags in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew - you can list for a very long time.

Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad quite unusual, this is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids are not very difficult to grow. indoor crops, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the right answers to the main questions about growing these beautiful plants in the house.

Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, prepared according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, just like mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, you get a very nutritious snack that is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

All summer residents are concerned about the question of how to grow healthy seedlings in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Certainly, everyone experienced gardener there is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".

The task of indoor plants in the house is to decorate the house with its appearance, to create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers, there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender chicken breast cutlets with champignons are easy to prepare according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream, white bread and mushrooms with onions to the chicken fillet, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.

Mineral fertilizers (tuki) are substances that have an inorganic nature of origin. They are traditionally used in agriculture, as are more affordable than, give a quick positive effect, and have a wide spectrum of action. They are also much easier and cheaper to transport.

These "fast" top dressings consist of substances that do not have a carbon skeleton. The main composition of mineral fertilizers includes metals and their various compounds (salts, oxides, acids). By type mineral fertilizers are simple and complex:

nitrogen fertilizers

One of the main advantages is excellent diffuse properties.

Therefore, all of them are highly soluble in water, and are used both in the solid state and in the liquid state. Usually this group of fats is brought into the ground very early, a month before spring plowing, so that they have time to release a significant part of the nutrients before the active growth of plants begins. But despite this general rule, individual conditions apply to each subgroup, depending on the composition and concentration.

Ammonia fertilizers

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) contains about 34.5% nitrogen. In addition to this element, the composition includes auxiliary substances: phosphate rock, chalk, ground limestone, phosphorus gypsum.

It is not recommended to use this fertilizer on podzolic soils, since its solution contains few cations for nitrogen nitrification, which neutralizes the useful properties of saltpeter.

- the best mineral fertilizer for. It is cheap, fast and effective. The yield on lands treated with this nitrogen fertilizer increases by 40-60% in the first year after application. Potatoes are less affected by various diseases (late blight, for example), and pests.

Pre-sowing application rate of ammonium nitrate is 10-20 g/m², and for foliar feeding it is used as a liquid mineral fertilizer, and is diluted in the proportion of 50 g per 100 liters of water. The resulting solution should be sprayed over an area of ​​about 100 m².

One of the most unique abilities of ammonium nitrate is to act when the soil has not yet warmed up. It can be sprinkled directly on the snow - the granules of this fertilizer will melt the snow and make their way to the ground.

Therefore, grapes and fruit bushes are fertilized with it already at the end of March - beginning of April, so that the awakened plants that enter the active growing season do not experience nitrogen starvation. In this case, nitric nitrate is preferable organic fertilizers, which work only on warm soil.

When working with ammonium nitrate, one should not forget about its explosiveness. That is why it is practically not sold to private individuals. to avoid accidents. It should be protected from overheating and protected from foreign impurities.

Nitrate fertilizers

Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) - granular substance white color. It is intended for use on acidic, non-saline soils, and for many others, the main condition is that it cannot be used for chernozem. Application rates - about 30-35 g / m?.

Nitrogen in the composition of sodium nitrate is relatively small - about 15-17%. Therefore, for its sufficient release, the following technology for applying mineral fertilizers is used. It is scattered over the fallow before spring plowing, so that it has time to allocate enough nitrogen for the growth of young plants, and, at the same time, does not lose its useful properties due to contact with air.

In greenhouses, the use of this fertilizer is strictly prohibited. Long-term storage of this substance loses most of its useful properties.

Sodium nitrate should be applied to beds with light soil in the spring using the row method. On heavier loams, it is better to do this ahead of time, in the fall.

Nowadays, only one brand of NaNO₃ is allowed for use in agriculture, this is “Sodium Saltpeter Technical Grade СХ”.

Amide

Urea

The more correct name for this substance is nitrogen urea (NH2CONH2). This is a highly concentrated nitrogen-containing (45%) mineral fertilizer.. In the soil, it quickly transforms into ammonium carbonate. If you scatter it on the surface of the earth, then most of the nitrogen will evaporate in the form of gaseous ammonia. Therefore, it is strictly necessary to dig into the soil to the depth of root germination.

Urea can be used both outdoors and indoors for most crops. Very often it is used as a liquid mineral fertilizer, since the nitrogen in this chemical compound, when dissolved in water, is better fixed in the soil.

Application rates for urea

• Vegetables - 5-12 g / m² with direct application; 50-60g per bucket of water with a volume of 10 liters. water, and 3 l. per 100 m² with foliar top dressing.
• Fruit and berry trees and shrubs - 10-20g/m² direct application; 20-30 g per 10 liters. water - 2-fold top dressing, carried out 5 days after flowering, and the second time - after 4 weeks.
• For, potatoes, peppers - 20g / m² (root).
• For and peas - 10 g / m² (root).

Urea cannot be combined with lime, dolomite, chalk and simple superphosphate.

This fertilizer is used to prevent and treat nitrogen starvation in plants. It is especially useful for tomatoes, as a top dressing during the period of fruit setting and growth. When using urea, the taste of the fetus improves.

calcium cyanamide

This substance is obtained as a result of the sintering reaction of calcium carbide in a nitrogen atmosphere, and is written as: CaCN2. Cyanamide contains much less nitrogen than urea (19% versus 46%).

It can be applied to the soil at the end of March, since the decomposition of calcium cyanamide by water, with the release of nitrogen, is slow. It is very effective for use on podzolic soils, as it contains lime as a by-product.

It is produced in the form of a very light powder, with low humidity. For improvement custom properties, petroleum oils are added to it, due to which CaCN2 has a characteristic smell of kerosene.

Use this mineral fertilizer with great care.. The fact is that calcium cyanamide is a waste product of the metallurgical industry. Therefore, its prices are low. When working with it, you should use protective equipment. At high concentrations, CaCN2 is used as a herbicide.

potash fertilizers

Potassium chloride KCl

The content of the main element in the composition of this representative reaches 50%. Apply it in the fall, for digging, introducing into the soil at the rate of 20-25 gr. per m², as chlorine is washed off into deeper soil layers and its impact on plants is minimized.

Potassium chloride is especially good for potatoes, beets, barley, and most cereals.

KCl is a mineral fertilizer with a high concentration of nutrients per gram, acidic, soluble in water.

The average rate of its application for all vegetable crops and cereals is about 2 centners per hectare. If it is planned to plant crops containing sugar on the prepared soil, then the dose can be increased by 25-50%.

Potassium sulfate K2SO4

Another name for this element is potassium sulfate. The high content of this element makes it the best mineral fertilizer for plants that are severely deficient in K.

It does not contain impurities such as chlorine, sodium and magnesium.

Potassium sulfate is an ideal fertilizer for cucumbers, especially during the period of ovary and fruit formation, since it contains about 46% of potassium, so loved by these melons.

The application rate for spring digging is about 25-30 g/m², for top dressing under the root - 10 g/m².

Potassium salt (KCl + NaCl)

The main two components of this mineral fertilizer are chlorides. The substance looks like dark red crystals.

In modern agro-industrial complexes, sylvinite is most often used - one of the most successful forms of potassium salt.

In the spring, this fertilizer is applied for all types of berry crops, at the rate of 20 gr. under one bush. In autumn, it is spread over the surface of the soil before plowing. The norms for continuous application of potassium salt are 150-200 g / m².

Phosphate fertilizers

Simple superphosphate

This mineral supplement contains about 20% phosphoric anhydride. - the best mineral fertilizer for all types of soils that need this element. It is not combustible, so storage conditions are undemanding.

Its application depends on the degree of soil moisture. With a high content of liquid fractions, this fertilizer can be applied as a top dressing during the growth and development of plants.

For the capricious queen of the garden, roses, superphosphate has become an ideal source of nutrition. Applying it to flowers, the result can be noticed very quickly. The stems become more powerful, the peduncles are dense, the color is much brighter.

Application rates - about 0.5 centners per 1 ha. Recommended for the continuous method.

Double superphosphate

In this phosphate compound, the concentration of useful substances is higher than in its predecessor. It also differs in that it does not contain useless elements as ballast, for example, CaSO4. Therefore, it is more economical than its counterpart.

Manufacturers produce this substance based on GOST 16306-80. From a change in the place of extraction of the original product, the amount of active substance phosphorus changes, ranging from 32 to 47%.

Double superphosphate is ideal for flowers, just like plain. For example, it must be applied under roses in the fall so that their roots prepare for wintering and safely endure frosts.

Phosphorite flour

The main features of this mineral supplement described in GOST 571-74. Production standards have not changed for 40 years. This is an invariable white powder, which was used to fertilize the fields under Brezhnev.

Phosphate powder is used for acidic soils, for all fruit and vegetable crops, as well as cereals. It helps plants fight off pests and diseases by increasing the plant's own immunity. Increases winter hardiness of most crops.

The application rate of phosphorite flour is about 3-3.5 centners per hectare.

Complex mineral fertilizers

Nitroammophoska (nitrophosphate)

A fertilizer that phosphorus and nitrogen are contained in a ratio of 50/50. It is used for various types of applications, for fertilizing horticultural and horticultural crops, as well as in agro-industrial production. This substance is obtained by the reaction of neutralization with ammonia with a mixture of nitric and phosphoric acids. The formula for nitrophosphate looks like this: NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3.

Manufacturers produce the following classifications of this mineral fertilizer:

• Nitrophosphate brand NP 32-6; NP32:5; NP33:3.

Nitroammophos with excellent results is used on soddy-podzolic, chestnut, chernozem and gray earth soils.

This is the best mineral fertilizer for clays. It is best to add it to clay soils with slow diffusion in autumn, and in sandy soils before spring plowing.

Nitrophoska

This is three-element complex (N+P+K), which fertilize the soil, using it as the main plant nutrition. Agronomists recommend it for almost all garden crops.

It consists of various salts- ammophos, superphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, precipitate, gypsum, ammonium chloride and various impurities. Available in the form of small balls, soluble in water.

This is a complete mineral fertilizer, which is used during spring sowing, as well as throughout the growing season.

Nitrofoska is actively used not only by large agro-industrial complexes, but also by ordinary summer residents on their plots. Fertilizer is very good for tomatoes(they become larger and sweeter), and for cucumbers, which after its use are not affected by various diseases.

Nitrophoska is very effective both for continuous and local application. For feeding potatoes, a chlorine-free form is used. Specifically for this vegetable, it is much more useful than nitroammophos. The tubers are larger, and do not suffer from scab and other common diseases.

Ammophos

Potassium, magnesium and phosphorus are the main elements of this complete mineral fertilizer.

Its formula looks like this: (NH4)2SO4 + (NH4)2HPO4 + K2SO4. Ammaphos is used, unlike other representatives of this group, not only in unprotected soil, but also in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Another difference from other complex mineral fertilizers is that ammophos contains a rather rare, but very beneficial substance- sulfur, and in significant quantities. The main advantage of this top dressing is that it does not contain chlorine and sodium.

This fertilizer is produced in the form of small light granules. It has a high friability, which facilitates the process of use. Differs in high uniformity of distribution of elements on granules.

Ammaphoska is used as a universal top dressing. It is especially good for flowers. Roses, after adding it to the ground, begin to bloom more abundantly and magnificently, and peonies and phloxes reduce the growth of the vegetative mass and increase the number of flowering ovaries.

Diammophos

This is a complex mineral fertilizer, which includes the main nutrients of the entire plant flora. Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, like three whales, form the basis of this mix. Diammophos has a universal use, it is used for all types of crops and for any soil.

Diammonium phosphate is produced in the form of small pink beads. It is treated with anti-dust reagents, which increases its friability and hygroscopicity. It has a neutral pH factor, this helps the fertilizer not affect the acidity of the soil.

The remains of diammophoska are not washed out of the soil, and are subsequently used by subsequent generations of plants, which ensures a long period of aftereffect of this top dressing. It can be used not only for pre-sowing and sowing application, but also for foliar and root dressings.

Processing with this mineral fertilizer is ideal for tomatoes during flowering. It helps the plant fight all types of pests by improving the quality of the digestibility of nutrients.

How to calculate the dose of fertilizer application?

The technology of applying mineral fertilizers depends on the concentration of the active substance in the entire volume used. Very often it is necessary to recalculate the dose again, for the type of mineral fertilizers that will be used.

The number is calculated based on the recommendations for the introduction of minerals for this particular plant. With an increase in concentration, a ratio is determined that describes the proportion of useful elements to payload fertilizers, and using these data, distribute substances in the soil.

Table: compatibility of some of the fertilizers

Video: an example of the layout and fertilization of mineral fertilizers

Should I be afraid of mineral fertilizers?

Despite all the advantages, these fertilizers are less actively used in personal household plots. Among gardeners and gardeners there is an opinion that they cause harm to human health.

In fact, only those fruit and vegetable products, during the cultivation of which the technology of applying mineral fertilizers, was seriously violated, can harm the consumer.

But mineral fertilizers have many advantages. For example:

• They work in cold soil and at sub-zero temperatures.
• Tuki have a very fast, sometimes instantaneous effect on plants.
• They are easy to transport.
• They are cheaper and more convenient to use than organic supplements.

It is worth using ready-made liquid mineral fertilizers in small doses that will not harm human health, but will help to get a big harvest.

And the most important thing, it is necessary to stop any top dressing 15-20 days before the removal of fruits, berries, and digging of tubers. Then their environmental friendliness is guaranteed.

Using mineral fertilizers, you can achieve high yields of any crops. Roses bloom brighter with them, and apples become sweeter. Applying these dressings to all types of plants, you can always be sure of getting a stable positive result.

Video: purchase and use of mineral fertilizers on 6 acres

The use of mineral fertilizers in the country - benefit or harm? Which ones to use and for what?

​Related Articles​

This list is headed by compounds of magnesium, copper, chelated iron, manganese, zinc and several others. Trace elements for fertilizer and plant nutrition can be in liquid or powder form, and their composition may also vary. It can be a mixture of all elements at once or, literally, a mixture of two chemical elements.​

The need to add aquatic plant foods can seem like a daunting task for any beginner aquarist. You can find a wide variety of vials with them in pet stores, but it is difficult to understand what needs to be added to the aquarium, in the end.

The appearance of spots along the leaf veins, which later die off;

This microelement plays important role throughout the entire vegetative period of tomatoes, but it is especially necessary during the formation of ovaries and the development of fruits.

slowing down the process of fruit ripening.

Nitrogenous fertilizers are needed at two main stages of tomato development:

3 st. spoons of the drug in 10 liters of water

Carbamide is easily washed out of the root layer into the lower layers of the soil.

For example, in July and August, plants solve two problems: they supply fruits and berries with nutrients and lay fruit buds. Therefore, they, especially abundantly fruiting trees, need good feeding and watering. Otherwise, next year the trees may not produce a crop, and in a harsh winter they may freeze.

In one of the newspapers I read an article about fertilizers: "Superphosphate can be used in conjunction with potash fertilizers. But using them with nitrogen fertilizing is fraught with the death of plants."

Without seeing a specific aquarium plant and its condition, it is quite difficult to advise anything. However, general recommendations may be like this:

​Before you decide to buy aquarium food, you must understand and take into account the fact that the lighting of the aquarium is of great importance ...​

The stems of the plants are quite thin and woody.

Tip: The first top dressing of a tomato in a greenhouse can be done while planting seedlings in a permanent place. To do this, 10-15 g of superphosphate are added to each prepared well.

• After transplanting into a greenhouse or greenhouse.. The resulting solution is used at the rate of 1 liter per plant.
• Quite often, seedlings of home-grown tomatoes are very stretched, and by the time they are transplanted into the greenhouse, they look, to put it mildly, “not very”. (See How to fertilize tomatoes) Ammonium nitrate
• In August, fruit trees are fed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 g of potassium salt and 30-50 g of superphosphate per 1 m2 of the trunk circle. And, for example, nitroammophoska contains nitrogen along with phosphorus and potassium. But is it not fatal for plants?

The amount of light is the first

To eliminate zinc deficiency, zinc sulfate can be applied directly to the soil, at the rate of 2-3 g per 10m2, or sprayed with an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate.

Magnesium deficiency manifests itself on tomatoes during the mass laying of ovaries and fruit ripening, and manifests itself as follows:

After the formation of ovaries on the first two brushes in most tomato bushes.

The use of mineral fertilizers in the country for different types of plants

Experts, answering the question of when and how to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse, recommend adhering to a certain scheme for applying various fertilizers during the growing season of tomatoes.

If, despite all your efforts and a couple of weeks after transplanting tomato seedlings to a permanent place, it looks pale, thin and weak, then the first and second feeding of tomatoes in a greenhouse or greenhouse is carried out with an aqueous solution of mullein, dissolved in

- granulated, water-soluble fertilizer. Hygroscopic. Contains 34% nitrogen. Easy to caking as it absorbs moisture. It acidifies the soil more than urea, you can mix it with superphosphate.​

It is good to carry out foliar feeding with phosphorus and potash fertilizers (30 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water). This will contribute to better preparation of plants for winter, the development of flower buds and the thickening of skeletal branches.

​Liquid mixtures general purpose​

​what to consider when deciding what and how much to add to an aquarium.​

Advice: to conduct a comprehensive feeding of tomatoes with microelements, you can use a decoction wood ash. To do this, 3 cups of ash are boiled for 20 minutes in 0.5 liters of water. After the broth has cooled, it is filtered, and then topped up to 10 liters of water and sprayed.

Leaf discoloration, starting with old leaves of the lower tier;

In addition to macronutrients, tomatoes need a large number of micronutrients. According to experienced gardeners, for good fruiting and obtaining a quality crop of tomatoes, you need about

Nitrogen fertilizers.

As mentioned above, if the seedlings have grown strongly, and besides, they were grown in low light conditions, and after transplantation remain weak and elongated, then through the First application of mineral fertilizers, they are carried out through

10 liters of water 1 liter of mullein

Used for root dressing under growing plants in early spring and summer. It is not recommended to apply under cucumbers and gourds.

Potatoes fertilized with potassium, when peeled, are distinguished by a special whiteness of the pulp, it has less dark spots and stripes, it crunches when cut and does not flake for a long time in room conditions. Moreover, even the shape of the tubers, being a predominantly varietal trait, improves from the use of potash fertilizers.

Let's try to understand these intricacies and analyze the use of mineral fertilizers in the complex as well as in relation to different types of vegetables separately.

​For dimly lit aquariums and beginner aquarists who are passionate about infusing something into their home aquarium.​

The more light, the faster photosynthesis occurs and the faster the aquarium plants absorb nutrients. In other words, a dimly lit aquarium requires little or no nutrition compared to a highly lit aquarium.​

Not all soil is fertile enough to grow a good crop. All kinds of mineral fertilizers help to achieve results in such cases. There are a lot of them, for different plant varieties and soil types. The market is filled with products of large companies, such as Meleuz Mineral Fertilizers, for example, but there is also room for competition. What do you need to know about this product? What are the types of fertilizers? How to start a business for their production? Dealing with all these issues is not so difficult. Gradual spread of yellowing (see Why tomatoes turn yellow - a professional look) and discoloration from the bottom of the tomato bush up;

20 trace elements

10 days

14-20 days and adding:

Weight of the active ingredient: a liter jar contains 287 grams in a glass - 57 g, in a tablespoon - 4.4 g, in a teaspoon - 1.4 g. The taste of potatoes is not determined only by the starch content.

In recent years, our attitude towards mineral fertilizers has changed dramatically. On the one hand, there was a completely unfounded campaign for the complete abandonment of chemistry. On the other hand, these fertilizers have risen in price so much that it became simply too expensive for many to pour this same chemistry anywhere and anyhow.

​2)​ The most basic nutrient for aquarium plants is carbon dioxide/ carbon dioxide / CO2. However, we will not consider it in this article, because a whole section on our website is already devoted to CO2, available at the link: CO2 supply systems for an aquarium.​

As a rule, mineral fertilizers are salts that contain the elements necessary for the growth and development of plants. These are inorganic substances that strongly affect the chemical, physical and biological processes in the soil, transforming the solubility of its nutrients and changing the microbiological composition. Plants receive all the necessary elements through the roots and grow more actively, which is why the overall productivity of a fertilized field or meadow increases markedly. Using correctly, for example, the products of the Balakovo Mineral Fertilizers company, you can achieve an excellent effect. Not only productivity will improve, but also product quality. So, in spinning crops, the technological properties of fibers increase, in sugar beet, berries and fruits, sugar content increases, in cereals, protein content increases, and in sunflower oil content. Most households use domestic chemical products, such as popular Russian company"Voskresensk mineral fertilizers", as well as a small amount of natural salts: potash, sodium, or Chilean, saltpeter and industrial waste. The amount of substances used per hectare of land is carefully controlled and determined by the regulations.​

Yellowing of the leaves while maintaining the green color of the veins.

It can be fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Such root dressing will give a powerful impetus to enhanced growth and development of the root system and the bush itself.

after planting seedlings in the greenhouse. For this, 1st. a spoonful of nitrophoska in

50 g ash

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Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse, what fertilizers and when to use

Sodium nitrate

Potassium increases the size of starch grains, so even potatoes fertilized with potassium chlorides have soft, tasty mealy pulp after cooking. Watery potatoes are obtained with excess nitrogen fertilizer, not balanced by the use of potassium.

And then there are some articles in printed publications, misleading many gardeners and summer residents.

​Individual liquid top dressing​

​Before we move on to further talk about aquarium food and fertilizers, it should be understood that with stronger aquarium lighting, not only more food is required, but also a greater variety of them.

How, when and how to fertilize greenhouse tomatoes

These substances have many different classifications. So, according to agronomic purpose, direct mineral fertilizers and indirect ones can be distinguished. The former contain those elements that are needed for direct plant nutrition (magnesium, sodium, copper and phosphorus). Indirect ones are used to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and usually include gypsum.

In order to eliminate magnesium deficiency, foliar spraying with a solution of magnesium sulfate is used, based on

​The most significant are:​​10 liters of water​

• ​;​ White powder, soluble in water, contains 16% nitrogen. They are usually entered in the form liquid dressings for beets and potatoes, per season up to 30 grams per 1 m2. Alkalinizes the soil.
• It is not recommended to feed all plants with the same fertilizers. Currants, tomatoes and root crops are more fond of phosphate fertilizers, gooseberries - potash fertilizers, raspberries - potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. Before fertilizing, you need to know a lot about the soil in your garden: the content of macro- and microelements, humus, acidity. You need to know what fertilizers plants like and when to apply them. Some are applied under the main tillage, others are used as top dressing.
• ​and macro- and micronutrient fertilizers for medium light aquariums and freshly planted aquarium plants. As a rule, these are mixtures of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which can be used without serious concerns for your aquarium. When using such dressings, follow the dosage. Feeding itself is divided into two categories: micro and macro elements. In addition, the first type can also be divided into two groups - these are complex mineral fertilizers and one-sided. The latter contains only one nutrient. These include ammonium, calcium, sodium nitrate, urea, superphosphate, precipitate, potassium chloride, potassium salt and microfertilizers. Complex mineral fertilizers contain several elements. These include ammophos and nitrophos.

10-15 g of the drug per 10 liters of water Boron; After the ovaries have formed on the first two brushes on most tomato bushes, you can fertilize with nitrogenous fertilizers. At this time, the nitrogen introduced into the soil will not go to the formation of green mass, but will be directed to the formation and development of fruits.​

30g superphosphate

1. Calcium nitrate With the correct use of the main fertilizer, for example, tomatoes do not need top dressing, but in some cases (heavy rains, low temperatures, etc.), an imbalance in the content of nutrients occurs in the soil, and the plants begin to suffer from their deficiency. As for nitroammophoska, the whole secret is in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available to the plant. You can’t mix a box of urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride. This will give the plants nothing but harm. ​3)​ ​(loadposition AdsMiddleArticle728x90)​
2. As for the form of release, there are three types of the mentioned dressings. So, there are solid, granular or powder substances (there are, by the way, the most). As an example, we can cite the products of the same company Voskresensk Mineral Fertilizers. Another type are liquid products, such as ammonia water or ammonia. ​.​ zinc;

When to fertilize

Tomato, a very rapidly developing plant, which needs potassium for development, which contributes to the formation of stems, the setting and development of fruits, the manifestation of varietal taste qualities, as well as a beautiful appearance.​

• The second time the tomatoes are fed through ​;​ coarse granular water-soluble fertilizer cream color contains 17% nitrogen. Very hygroscopic. It is used as a liquid top dressing. The first sign of nitrogen starvation in tomatoes is growth retardation, accompanied by a loss of normal green color. Changes begin with young leaves at the top of the plant. The leaves of these plants are small and dark. The leaf veins change from yellowish green to dark red, especially on the underside. The stems become hard and fibrous, sometimes acquiring the same dark red color as the leaf veins. Flower buds turn yellow and die.Let's continue our conversation.
• ​Individual doses of dry powder​ Nitrogen (N) The following classification distinguishes between alkaline, neutral and acid fertilizers. The composition of the former is distinguished by anions, which are easily assimilated by plants, and cations, which alkalize the soil. The latter do the opposite. Finally, neutral ones do not affect the state of the soil solution in any way. For normal growth and development, tomatoes need manganese. In addition to an active role in the process of photosynthesis, it contributes to a significant increase in plant resistance to diseases, in particular to brown spotting of tomatoes. Manganese;
• Among other things, potassium contributes to the resistance of tomatoes to various diseases. (See Diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse)

1. 7-10 days
2. and by
3. For vegetable and flower bulb crops, for potatoes in a total norm of up to 30 g / mg. This fertilizer alkalizes the soil, so it is especially effective on acidic soils.​

• The first sign of phosphorus starvation of tomatoes is the appearance of a purple color on the lower surface of the leaf. First, spots appear on the leaf, then the color of the entire leaf surface changes, the veins gradually become purple-red.

Nutrients needed for greenhouse tomatoes

First of all, it is categorically impossible to agree with the widespread opinion that environmentally friendly products can be obtained if mineral fertilizers are not used. One can only be surprised at the silence of agrochemists and agronomists.​

• ​nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus for highly lit aquariums and already for advanced users. Dry powder top dressings are much more economical than liquid ones, in which case you pay for the amount of water, and not the amount of top dressing. Here you will already need to know and be able to decipher the condition by the appearance of the plant and titration strips in order to judge what and in what quantity to add to the aquarium.
• In general, nitrogen enters an aquarium through the breakdown of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate during the nitrogen cycle that occurs in a normally functioning aquarium. Ammonia, nitrites and nitrates are the compounds that aquarium plants require in the first place.​
• The effect of such products becomes more noticeable when using technological cultivation of crops: with stable irrigation, taking into account the norms for a particular soil and plant variety, using organic additives. Most often, mineral fertilizers are used in the spring, when sowing is underway. In addition, they can be used in the fall. Additional nutrition for plants can be provided by top dressing during the growing season. Using responsive varieties guarantees maximum results. Mineral fertilizers can be applied in different ways: it can be broadcast using aircraft or seeders, and with a plow, harrow or cultivator, and local, in holes or rows. liquid substances seeds can be processed before sowing by soaking in a solution or dusting.

Manganese deficiency manifests itself:

Nitrogen

magnesium

1. The greatest need for potash fertilizers in tomatoes in the following periods of development:
2. after the first fertilization. For this top dressing use a solution

0.3 g (at the tip of a knife) manganese sulfate and boric acid ​Ammonium sulfate​ Tomatoes with a lack of potassium grow slowly. Young leaves become finely wrinkled, older ones acquire an ash-gray tint at first, then their edges become yellowish-green. The color change begins at the edges of the leaf blade and spreads to its center, with a bronze shade of tissue appearing, and later round light spots between larger veins.

It has long been known that plants absorb nutrients in the form of simple salts, soluble in water or weak acids. This means that all organic fertilizers: manure, humus, compost, not to mention peat (you can read about the preparation of peat compost here) - can provide plants necessary elements nutrition only under the condition of mineralization, that is, the transformation of complex organic compounds into simple salts.

Also, supplements and fertilizers in the form of powders allow more flexibility in maintaining the levels of necessary macro- and micronutrients to achieve certain goals. But, pay attention, all this imposes sufficient requirements on your "advancement" in the aquarium hobby.​

Potassium

​We highly recommend that you read this topic on the nitrogen cycle: How to care for an aquarium?​

In some soils, a serious shortage of one or another element is noticeable. Artificial introduction of it is in a good way improve the existing situation. It should also be borne in mind that there are mineral and organic fertilizers, and if the former can be dangerous, the latter are completely harmless to the environment. So if you're afraid of chemicals, use natural materials like manure, peat or compost. When used correctly, they are safe for both plants and people. Harm arises only from their overabundance. So, the soil with a high content of peat becomes too oily for the crop, and manure can simply burn the seedlings. But this will not affect the health of people in any way. Only mineral fertilizers are dangerous. For plants, or rather, for accelerated growth and ripening of the crop, saltpeter and urea are often used. These are nitrate mixtures from nitric acid they are especially harmful. The fact is that nitrogen salts enter the human body from plants, turning into nitrites in it, which can cause poisoning and even provoke cancer. Therefore, in some countries this type of recharge is prohibited.​

Small young leaves with yellow spots;

1. In the video materials presented, you can find a lot of interesting and useful tips on how to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse.
2. During the opening of the third and fourth true leaf, when the generative organs of the plant are laid.

1 hour l potassium sulfate in 10 l of water

• white or gray crystalline powder, soluble in water. Contains 21% nitrogen.​
• If we talk about berry plants, then in the summer they need to be fed, especially on light sandy soils. It is good to use slurry or an infusion of bird droppings for this.
• This transformation is carried out by bacteria and other microorganisms, usually found in soil and organic fertilizers. Under favorable conditions, microorganisms multiply rapidly and decompose the applied organic fertilizers. But still, this process takes some time.​

Phosphorus

And if you are not confident in your own abilities, then just use liquid ready-made top dressings and fertilizers. general plan for aquarium plants

​Nitrogen deficiency can be replenished with liquid or powdered aquarium plant fertilizers that contain potassium nitrate (KNO3) compounds. It is desirable to maintain a level of top dressing at which the level of nitrates will be 10-20 ppm.​

You can argue a lot about the dangers of mineral fertilizers, but even natural components are absorbed by plants only after decay into an inorganic form. Therefore, in a sense, it does not matter what exactly to fertilize the soil - with humus or saltpeter. In order not to harm your crop, it is worthwhile to figure out what exactly a plant may need at different stages of its existence and development. During seed germination and up to the formation of inflorescences, sprouts need nitrogen most of all. It is needed for the formation of plant tissues, for which it serves as a kind of building material. During the development of buds and buds, phosphorus is most important for plants. And when the plant prepares for winter, potassium becomes the maximum value. Of course, in any of these periods, other substances are also needed, and even divided into clear intervals of consumption of exclusively nitrogen or phosphorus life cycle it is forbidden. But nevertheless, knowing this feature of plant organisms, you can more competently apply top dressing.

• more light color leaves;
• This trace element is responsible for the quality of the tomato, namely for the saturation of the fruit with vitamins and sugars, as well as for its size and keeping quality.
• From the moment the ovaries are formed, until the fruit ripens.

trace elements

Each plant should get about half a liter of working solution. The interval between the first and second fertilization should be at least a week, optimally -​

Significantly acidifies the soil. It is used for plants that prefer acidic soils, in the form of dressings at a dose of about 30g / mg. Do not mix with ash.​​If there is no organic matter on the farm, replace it with a complete mineral fertilizer. It is recommended to pour a bucket of solution under each bush: saltpeter 15-20 g, superphosphate 20 g and potassium sulfate 10-15 g. This explains the long-term effect or, rather, the aftereffect of organic fertilizers, which manifests itself for several years.

• ​Nitrogen deficiency shows up as small, yellowing or faintly colored new leaves on your aquarium plant.​
• Not always the introduction of additional substances into the soil can produce the expected effect. Even if you have taken into account the life cycle of the plant and used the most suitable fertilizers, the result may disappoint you. What are the most common mistakes gardeners make? Most often, the lack of effect is due to the fact that the fertilizer was applied to completely dry soil. Another mistake is the wrong timing for feeding. Some fail to correctly diagnose the plant visually and select the right substance. Fertilizer can also be applied in a form that is indigestible, or in too much or, conversely, not enough. Finally, a poor harvest may not be related to top dressing at all. Plants can simply get sick or be attacked by bugs, in such cases the situation cannot be improved by fertilizer alone.
• yellowing of the leaf blade, starting from the tip;

Bor

Two weeks after the second feeding, a solution is applied consisting of:

10 days

As practice shows, you need to buy three types nitrogen fertilizers: urea - as the most concentrated (in addition, urea can be sprayed from apple scab and pear on dormant buds, with a 4-6% solution); ammonium nitrate - as containing nitrogen in ammonia and nitrate form, which matters; calcium nitrate, and if it is not on sale, then sodium.

• Raspberries (we mentioned its fertilizer in the article “Growing varieties of remontant raspberries on the site”) also require attention during the fruiting period. It is enough to prepare 1 bucket of solution for three bushes: saltpeter 20 g, superphosphate 40 g and potassium sulfate 20 g.
• Mineral fertilizers contain nutrients in a plant-available, often water-soluble form and are quickly absorbed by them. The accumulation by plants of some compounds harmful to humans, for example, nitrates, can occur with an unbalanced application of nitrogen fertilizers.​
• ​©2016 Beginner Aquarium | Privacy
• Phosphorus (P)

In order for the application of mineral fertilizers to be successful, you need to follow a few simple recommendations. First, use substances in a complex, not trying to limit yourself to organics or, conversely, ready-made store mix. Secondly, use any remedy in moderation. Even manure is valid for three years after a single application, not to mention mineral fertilizers! Chemistry in unlimited quantities will kill plants or lead to their diseases. And thirdly, when choosing complex products, make sure that they contain both micro and macro elements. Liquid preparations "Giant" or "Gumistar", as well as granular or powder "Agricola" or "Orton" are well suited. stretching shoots; Boron deficiency can manifest itself:

If a tomato bush lacks potassium, then, as you can see in the photo, the plant "signals" this:

Magnesium

2 st. spoons of wood ash;

Nitrogen compounds are highly mobile in the soil. They are quickly washed out by melt, rain and irrigation waters and the underlying horizons of the earth, reaching even groundwater.

• Dissolved fertilizers are applied to grooves up to 10 cm deep, dug at a distance of 20 cm.
• By the way, nitrates can also accumulate when one manure is applied, for example, with a lack of light in greenhouses.
• Plants for soil nutrition use mainly mineral salts. Therefore, mineral fertilizers (urea, different types saltpeter, superphosphate, potassium chloride, etc.) contain nutrients in the form in which they are consumed by plants. Their main advantage is a high concentration of nutrients. However, this can become a disadvantage if they are used ineptly - with an excess of mineral fertilizers, it is damaged root system, plants may die (especially in drought conditions). Mineral fertilizers can quickly make up for the lack of one or another nutrient. In addition, the batteries of mineral fertilizers are very cheap and easy to use. Organic fertilizers (manure, composts) contain predominantly nutrients that are inaccessible to plants, which gradually decompose and are absorbed by plants in the soil or during composting. Therefore, they have a prolonged effect, lasting several years. In addition, organic improves physical properties(makes it loose, absorbent), may contain growth substances. Given the low nutrient content and high water content, organic fertilizers are expensive to transport and apply. Do not forget that organic fertilizers may contain helminth eggs and weed seeds.

Phosphorus is also a macronutrient essential for plant growth and health. It is usually absorbed by plants in the form of PO4 phosphates. Due to the detrimental nature of PO4 to aquarium flora and fauna, levels tend to be kept low. This is the top dressing that should be added to the aquarium last, because this chemical element contained in the food that you feed your fish and this is quite enough to support the plants. It's a good idea to send a soil sample to the laboratory for analysis even before using fertilizer. There they will not only tell you what substances are missing, but they will also help you choose the plants that will grow best for you. If a deficiency of a particular element is found, use fertilizers with that particular substance, but do not use it all season. A few times will be enough. Slowdown in growth and development.

Manganese

leaves curl;

twisting the edges of the leaf blade;

• 1 st. spoons of superphosphate;
• Important: do not overfeed tomatoes before fruit set with ammonium nitrate, mulberry bird droppings, since an excess of nitrogen in the soil will lead to the fact that the plant "zazhit" - it will form a strong stem with abundant foliage, however, it will not bloom and bear fruit.
• Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers are applied only in spring in rows or holes during sowing and planting, and then in the form of dressings directly under the plant in the first half of summer, when they are intensively growing.
• It must be firmly understood that, in addition to the percentage of active ingredient indicated on each package, it is necessary to take into account some other properties of fertilizers, which we will discuss below.
• A convincing example of the expediency of growing vegetables using only mineral fertilizers is vegetable growing using the Mitlider method (here is an article detailing Dr. Mitlider's method of increasing soil fertility and increasing yields on the site). A balanced introduction of basic nutrients with the addition of microelements allows you to get high yields of organic vegetables on almost any soil.​

Therefore, the question is ambiguous, everyone solves it differently. Phosphates also exist in liquid and powder forms, like potassium hydrogen phosphate or KH2PO4. Most often, maintaining a level of 1-2 ppm is sufficient, but, in the case of rare and delicate plants, or low aquarium lighting, it makes sense to reduce the value of this macronutrient to 0.5 ppm. If you want to mix your own, read some rules. Urea is not compatible with ammonium nitrate; in no case should nitrophoska be mixed with potassium chloride. Such mixtures can not only lose their benefits, but also acquire harmful properties.

Zinc

To eliminate the lack of manganese, foliar top dressing can be carried out with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, or manganese sulfate (​

The death of the apical point of growth;

color change from rich green to yellowish bronze;

• 10 liters of water.
• In the event that you have applied too much nitrogenous fertilizer with your own hands and your tomato is “fat”, then here is an instruction on how to fix it:
• In the second half of summer, the need of plants for nitrogen decreases. Moreover, for perennials excess nitrogen is harmful, as it slows down their growth, and they do not have time to prepare for winter.

Carbamide (urea)

To begin with, without haste, consider fertilizers that can be bought in stores and remember that for growth and development, plants primarily need the so-called basic nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

parnik-teplitsa.ru

mineral fertilizers. Plant of mineral fertilizers. Complex mineral fertilizers

Humus.

What it is?

A lack of phosphorus manifests itself in the form of yellowing leaves, which looks very similar to nitrogen deficiency. However, trying to add phosphorus to low- and medium-light aquariums does not make sense. Just do not do this, so as not to run into an algae problem. Strongly lit aquariums need the addition of phosphorus and only after measuring current indicators with test strips.

Types and purpose of fertilizers

The number of applications for each crop is different. This question needs to be clarified for all plants, because applying fertilizer to the eye can be dangerous both for environment, and for people's health.​

1.5-2 g per 10 liters of water

the formation of many stepchildren;

Uneven fruit ripening.

Demand in agriculture

During fruiting, greenhouse tomatoes, to accelerate the ripening of fruits, can be fed with the following composition: 1st. l nitrophoska, 1h. l dry sodium humate powder, diluted in 10 liters of water. For every 1m2, 5 liters of working solution are consumed.​

Benefit or harm?

For a week, do not water the tomatoes. At the same time, we increase the daytime temperature in the greenhouse to

What substances do plants need during growth?

To be continued.

When is fertilizer useless?

- granulated, water-soluble, the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer. Contains 46% nitrogen. It is used for all types of plants, the average application rate per season is 100 g per 1 m2 of plantings. This fertilizer is most effective for liquid dressings, slightly acidifies the soil. Suitable for non-acidic soils.​

manure, chicken manure

Potassium (K)

Finally, the weather also matters. On a warm day, fertilizers are absorbed faster and better. If this weather lasts for a long time, the next top dressing can be done in a week. But on cold days it is better to wait two. Then you will be able to avoid the accumulation of nitrates in your vegetables and fruits, as well as get a bountiful harvest.​

Nitrogen fertilizers as a business

Falling and dying of buds.

Seasonal classification of fertilizers

Phosphorus fertilizers applied to the soil contribute to the resistance of plants to various adverse conditions, the development of a strong root system and good fruit set.

What is the best way to produce?

Tomatoes grown in greenhouses or greenhouses need mineral fertilizers containing:

ammonia water

+24+260С

Production of organic fertilizers

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Aquarium fertilizers and top dressing. When and what to use?

Good results are obtained by using foliar dressings fruit trees. Spraying tree crowns at a concentration of not more than 0.5% (50 g of urea per 10 liters of water) begins immediately after the formation of leaves in the spring and is repeated every 10-12 days during May-June.

​- essential element plant nutrition. Nitrogen fertilizers enhance their growth and development, increase protein content.​

Cow or horse dung. and chicken manure. Peat is also possible, but in our area it is solonetsic. Potassium is the third and final macronutrient that your plants in a home aquarium may need. It is quite "friendly" to the flora and fauna of the aquarium, a macroelement.

​It used to be assumed that the production of such chemicals would require an exceptionally large plant, but this moment it is quite possible to open a small firm. The small mineral fertilizer plant is notable for its rather high profitability and allows the production of a number of popular additives. On modern equipment, it is best to produce small batches of make-up from ammonia. It is the main raw material for nitrogen fertilizers. Previously, this substance was obtained at metallurgical enterprises as a by-product of coke processing. At the moment, ammonia is produced from oil waste. That is why, if possible, it is better to place an ammonia fertilizer plant near oil refining centers or gas pipelines. For the transportation of raw materials, specialized tanks and steel tankers will be required. If the transportation distance is short, an ammonia pipeline can be built. High requirements are also placed on the storage of raw materials. To do this, you will need either cylinders or ground tanks.​

Zinc applied to the soil, as well as magnesium, contributes to more active plant growth, the formation of larger fruits, as well as earlier ripening.

To eliminate such a deficiency, root dressing can be carried out by dissolving

In addition, phosphorus is involved in the process of assimilation of other nutrients by plants, in particular nitrogen.

potassium;

Fertilizers, supplements, macronutrients and aquarium plants

, and the night

In order for a tomato planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse to please the gardener with a good harvest of tasty fruits, it is necessary not only to create the humidity, light and temperature regimes necessary for plants in the greenhouse or greenhouse. For good growth and fruiting of tomatoes, a wide variety of nutrients are needed, which must be complete and balanced.

A solution of urea in a fine droplet state should fall on both the upper and lower sides of the sheet, evenly wetting it. It is better to do this in the morning or in the evening.

Phosphorus

Good fertilizer chicken manure ....

​Nitrogen and potassium are the first foods for low to medium light aquariums. It is generally accepted that optimal level potassium is 10-20 ppm. However, without any problems, it can be applied in a larger dose and concentration, which allows us to talk about its "goodwill" to the flora and fauna of the aquarium.​

You can also choose a suitable tool using the calendar. Just pay attention to the percentage of nitrogen in the supplement. Fertilizers containing more than five percent of it are suitable for use from the very beginning of planting until the fifteenth of July. After this date, you should choose products with a nitrogen content of less than five percent. This scheme is suitable for growing any perennial ornamental or fruit crops. If you are growing annual vegetables, you will need a different scheme. Here, it is no longer necessary to focus on the amount of nitrogen, since such plants, in fact, are only in the growth stage, and the process of preparing for winter is not at all relevant for them. If you plan not to use, but to produce such fertilizers, and the amount of equipment does not allow you to produce a wide range, consider this scheme and make mixtures according to the seasons. This way you don’t have to deal with products that will sell poorly.​

2 g of boric acid in 10 liters of water

If tomatoes are deficient in phosphorus, then you can see this by the following signs:

phosphorus;

– up to +220С

If tomatoes do not get enough of any substances they need, then the price of such a deficit is quite high: their growth slows down or stops altogether, it is difficult to set and ripen fruits.

In autumn, urea can be included in the dose of mineral fertilizers. It should be noted that it is necessary to prepare mixtures of superphosphate with urea long before applying under the trees.

Trace elements and fertilizers for aquarium plants

It is part of the most important plant proteins - the cell nucleus, compounds that regulate the water regime of cells, a number of enzymes and vitamins. It accelerates the development of plants, improves the quality of the crop.​

There is a lot of information on the Internet ....

What kind of aquarium food should I buy?

Potassium can also be purchased as a liquid or powdered supplement, as potassium sulfate powder or K2SO4.

The most popular are those nitrogen mineral fertilizers, the price of which is affordable for everyone, and the effect is noticeable without special efforts. These include saltpeter, with which you can increase the acidity of the soil. Another common option is ammonium sulfate from nitrogen and sulfur, which comes as a crystalline powder in white, yellow, or pink hues. One of the best fertilizers also considered urea. It is produced in the form of granules or small crystals. The amount of nitrogen in it reaches forty-five percent. In addition, nitrogen fertilizers also include sodium and calcium nitrates, which are used to alkalinize soils. The production of any of the listed types of supplements is quite possible in the format of a small enterprise, and there is a demand for all these products.​ The lack of this trace element can manifest itself:​.​

The leaf blade begins to curl along the main vein; nitrogen.​.​

In the event that an excessive amount of organic or mineral fertilizers was applied to feed the tomatoes in the greenhouse, the plants are oppressed and may die, as severe dehydration occurs. Urea, ammophos, superphosphate mix well with potassium chloride, with potassium sulfate . This mixture can be prepared ahead of time. It is better to apply the mixture into the holes to a depth of 30-35 cm, and only on thin soils - to a depth of 10 cm. The zone for applying mineral fertilizers is determined at 0.5-1 m outside the crown projection and 1-2 m inside. Two holes are made per 1 m2. Potassium

natural

A lack of potassium appears on the leaves of the plant as yellow edges and holes or spots on the leaf. Separately, it is worth considering the cheapest and most common fertilizer. Ammonia water does not require complex technical operations for its production. Labor costs are also minimal because the entire process can be fully mechanized. The resulting liquid is very high-performance, so the demand for it is always stable. This fertilizer is a 25% solution of ammonia in water. Its advantage is that it is suitable for any type of soil and any crop. It is good to use ammonia water for pre-sowing cultivation, for fertilizing tilled plants and for basic land cultivation. It is required to store this product in special steel tanks with airtight lids. The only problem is the need to use special equipment for transporting and applying fertilizer to the soil. Without a cultivator, ammonia water cannot be used. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that such agricultural machinery is quite common, therefore this shortcoming hard to be serious. So, starting a fertilizer business with ammonia water is quite safe and cost-effective. And if the plant pays off only within two years, then such activities can begin to generate income even earlier.​

Change in color of the lower tier of leaves;

aquarium4all.ru

Which fertilizers are better to use natural?

Sergei Muralev

Tip: In order to stimulate fruit set, you can use foliar top dressing with an aqueous solution of boric acid. in one liter hot water 1 g of boric acid is dissolved, after which the solution is cooled. The inflorescences are sprayed with a warm solution.
Red and purple spots appear on the underside of the leaf;

Marina Karlina

Let us dwell in more detail on the question of what time and how to feed the tomatoes in the greenhouse.

rrr

To stop the development of the green mass of tomatoes, root dressing is carried out with an aqueous solution of superphosphate, diluting

Lyubov Lepeshkina (Donina)

At each stage of its development, a tomato needs various top dressings, which we will discuss in more detail.

Leonty Romanovsky

Weight of the active substance: a liter jar contains 300 g, in a glass of 200 ml - 60 g, in a tablespoon - 4.5 g, in a teaspoon - 1.5 g.
Participates in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, in the activity of enzymes. The quality of the crop largely depends on its presence in plant nutrition.

mamma

sapropel and compost, and if chicken manure no, it’s possible a pigeon, a friend of her husband keeps a dovecote - he collects for us

Elena

There are many other compounds and fertilizers, both organic and inorganic, that your aquarium plants need. Their difference from macronutrients is only that they need a much smaller amount and in a lower concentration.

​In order to reach the wider market, you can also try to win over the supporters of natural ingredients. In parallel with the production of chemical fertilizers, start the production of biohumus. This is a budget tool, the production line of which is quite easy to set up. You will need earthworms and organic waste. Organics processed in this way are considered very beneficial for the soil and are popular with those who do not accept the use of chemicals. If you can set up your marketing activities well and inform the maximum number of people about your product potential buyers, the demand will be quite high, since biohumus is an innovative fertilizer that cannot but attract attention. In addition, such a business will help to establish ties with farms. You will supply them with your products, and they will provide organic waste, such as rabbit droppings, which will be processed by the worms to obtain the next batch of goods.​

What varieties of cucumbers for open ground What fertilizer is best for tomatoes

You don't have to be a certified agronomist to be a good gardener. But good gardener must understand the basic nuances of growing plants, as well as know what types of fertilizers exist, how and when they need to be applied. It is impossible to get without fertilizers good harvest, as soils that were once filled with various nutrients become depleted over the years.

What is fertilizer

Plants extract from the soil the elements they need to grow and develop. These are micro- and macroelements that play a certain role in the development of plants. The lack of any element, whether it be cobalt, phosphorus, manganese or potassium, affects the well-being of the culture. Many novice gardeners are interested in why, what fertilizers are for.

Not always the soil can provide all the necessary elements. This can happen due to soil depletion, illiterate crop rotation, regional scarcity of soil cover. It is necessary to artificially improve the condition of the soil, but for this you need to understand what fertilizers are needed.

The use of fertilizers is necessary to fill the missing niche in plant nutrition. Many gardeners call chemical fertilizers field vitamins. They contain nutrients in the form of compounds. Plants can absorb these compounds from the soil through ion exchange.

Fertilizer classification

The classification of fertilizers implies separation according to various characteristics, chemical composition, and origin. To fully understand the division into types and subspecies, you should familiarize yourself with the following table:

What are fertilizers? Fertilizers are divided into 4 large groups:

1. Organic.
2. Inorganic (mineral).
3. Bacterial.
4. growth stimulants.

Consider the types of fertilizers and their classification in more detail.

Types of organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizers include animal matter and plant origin. The main types of organic fertilizers:

• Peat.
• Bird droppings.
• Green manure.
• Straw.
• Manure.
• Compost.

These dacha fertilizers are usually local, stockpiled and prepared in the same place where the crop is grown. Such fertilizers have a multifaceted effect on the condition of the soil. With proper application, crop yields increase. Organics serve as a source of nutritious mineral components. They decompose in the soil, emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, which saturates the ground layer of the atmosphere and the soil.

With the regular application of such fertilizers, the soil is cultivated, its physico-chemical, physical and biological indicators are improved. The physiological basis of the use of fertilizers can improve the development of the root and ground systems of the plant, increase productivity.

Appointment of organic fertilizers

Types of organic fertilizers:

Manure. This fertilizer when planting crops is of great importance. Manure with regular use increases the content of humus, improves absorption capacity, buffering. It is also a constant source of microorganisms that increase the nitrogen content. Effective use of manure in spring and autumn.

Dung slurry. Manure diluted with water contains about 0.4% nitrogen and 0.6% potassium. You can collect 2 tons of slurry from one large animal. It's valuable nitrogen-potassium fertilizer for fruit nutrition. It is also used for other cultures.

Bird droppings. About five tons of raw manure can be obtained from every thousand chickens. It contains about 90 kg of phosphate, 75 kg of nitrogen, 45 kg of potassium, 150 kg of magnesium and calcium compounds. For fertilizer, the litter is dried and ground. Dried manure has twice the nutritional value of raw manure.

Peat. Good as a fertilizer and also for mulching. It differs in the nature of the vegetation that composes it, the conditions of formation, and the degree of decomposition.

Compost. This is a mixture of organic fertilizers. Biological processes take place in it, which contribute to increasing the availability of nutrients for plants. Soil preparation is not complete without compost. It takes three to nine months for compost to mature. If peat is a component of the compost, its moisture content should be about 70%.

Green manure of the earth. These are plants that are planted as fertilizer in the soil. The process is called sideration. Legumes or cereals are often used as green manure crops. Their main task is to introduce organic matter into the soil, which is easily mineralized and serves as a source of nutrition for crops.

Straw. Surplus straw remains at many rural enterprises. It is a valuable organic material. It contains carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, zinc, manganese, boron. Straw cutting is buried in the soil by 8 cm, then manure is applied. This allows you to increase the content of nutrients in the soil, improve its chemical properties.

Types of mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers include the following types of fertilizers:

• potassium;
• phosphoric;
• nitrogen;
• complex;
• trace elements;
• specialized fertilizers without chlorine, which is harmful to certain groups of plants.

Properties of mineral fertilizers

Simple mineral fertilizers are those fertilizers in the formation of which wildlife did not take part. For the manufacture, natural raw materials (nitrates, phosphorites) and waste from some industrial enterprises are used, for example, ammonium sulfate, which remains as a result of the production of nylon and coke chemistry. There are liquid and solid mineral fertilizers on sale. Plants are sprayed with liquid.

There are complex (combined) and simple fertilizers. In simple ones, there is only one trace element. Combined fertilizers contain two or more elements, for example, the elements nitrogen, phosphorus. There are macrofertilizers, consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium. Plants consume these macronutrients in significant amounts. Microfertilizers (manganese, zinc, boron) are consumed by plants in smaller quantities, but they are also necessary for normal plant growth, like macrofertilizers.

Nitrogen fertilizers. Needed by plants to create vitamins and chlorophyll. With a lack of nitrogen, the leaves lose their intense green color, become light, shoot growth weakens, the leaves become smaller. During the growing season, nitrogen is absorbed by plants unevenly. During the period of enhanced growth, more nitrogen is needed. In dry weather, an abundance of nitrogen can harm the plant.

Lack of nitrogen does not allow the plant to accumulate enough carbohydrates, and this reduces frost resistance. In the fall, too much nitrogen can cause damage by delaying the growing season. What fertilizers to apply? At this time, you need to introduce potassium and phosphorus nutrition. Nitrogen fertilizers are obtained from nitric acid and ammonia. Most often applied ammonium nitrate, it goes on sale in the form of granules. Fertilizers and fertilizing with it are effective on alkaline and acidic soils. Another type of nitrogen fertilizer is urea. It contains 46% nitrogen, it has the best properties compared to ammonium nitrate.

Phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphorus increases the resistance of plants to low temperatures and drought. Positive effect on plants. It increases the content of fats, sugar, proteins. The lack of phosphorus causes a violation of protein metabolism. At the beginning of growth, when seedlings are just emerging, plant nutrition with phosphorus is simply necessary. It is also needed at the time of fruiting. Apply phosphate fertilizers mixed with humus.

Fertilizers are obtained during the processing of ore, as well as from waste from metallurgical production and, in small quantities, from animal bones. Simple superphosphate - apatite or phosphorite flour with sulfuric acid. It is used for fertilizing fruit and other crops. The lack of fertilizer is the presence of gypsum in it. Does not contain gypsum double superphosphate. Red phosphorus is of great interest. This is a concentrated phosphorus-containing product, introducing it into the soil, you can provide it with nutrients for many years.

potassium fertilizers. The main raw material for the production of potash fertilizer is the mineral sylvinite. Potassium promotes the movement of carbohydrates, affects the keeping quality of fruits, absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. If there is not enough potassium, the resistance of plants to diseases decreases. Potassium plays a very important role in the nutrition of fruit plants. When making them add alkali.

Microelements. The lack of microelements (magnesium, iron, boron, cobalt and others) can nullify the gardener's work. The metabolism of plants will be disturbed, young shoots will die off, mottled leaves will appear, and crown transparency will appear. Popular microfertilizers: humate, cobalt sulfate, boric acid, potassium permanganate.

Complex fertilizers. Available in different combinations of various trace elements. Effective: Azofoska, Nitrofoska, Gomel fertilizer. Complex fertilizers are applied to the soil when preparing it for planting.

Non-chlorine fertilizers. These are specialized fertilizers designed for specific crops. The composition of fertilizers is balanced.

Bacterial fertilizers

Preparations that contain microorganisms that improve plant nutrition are bacterial fertilizers. Contains no nutrients. For production, pure cultures of bacteria are propagated in a favorable environment, then released in the form of a dry powder or peat mass. Nitragin, which contains a culture of nodule bacteria, is widely used.

Growth stimulants

Recently, gardeners and gardeners have increasingly begun to use growth stimulants. They accelerate the rooting of plants, reduce fruit fall, and increase yields. Examples of growth stimulants: Root feeder, Bison, Root mixture, Kornevin, Micrassa.

How to feed plants

The frequency of top dressing, the amount of fertilizer applied, their type, depend on the composition of the soil, a particular plant, and the growing season. A mistake can lead to an overabundance of substances in the soil, the death of the crop. Before fertilizing, you should consult with experienced gardeners, carefully read the instructions on the package.