Greenhouses for dachas and gardens: designs, materials. How to glue a film for a greenhouse and a lot of other useful tips How to properly cover a greenhouse with a film

the main task for fastening the film is simple - fix it so that it is not blown away by the wind. But more and more often summer residents are interested in "safe" methods of fastening, without the need to pierce the film with nails.
The article will describe 5 ways to attach the film to the greenhouse without having to punch the film.

Rail (an option for a frame made of wood).

In this method, you can use wooden slats(glazing beads for windows are not recommended) with nails or self-tapping screws, or even better, packing tape fastened with staples from a construction stapler.

As an option, cut a tape from old linoleum or from any other strong material.

For many, this is the worst way cover the greenhouse - after all, you have to spoil the film. Such a film does not live for a long time, a couple of seasons at most. Well, if you nail cheap film, but nailing durable expensive film for a couple of seasons is stupid, especially if there are safer ways.

Although the reinforced film for the greenhouse is not afraid of breakthroughs from nails.

Rail nailed on the ends

If in the first method the film is attached to the frame of the greenhouse both on the sides and to the roof rafters, in this method the film is fixed only at the ends of the greenhouse. How exactly - in the photo below.
If the film is not reinforced, then it is very often torn on nails (from the wind). This method reduces film damage and the chance that the wind will tear the film.

Clamps, clips (option for a frame made of PVC pipes, fittings)

How to fix the film on a greenhouse made of plastic pipes? You can fix the film on the greenhouse using special clips. Such clips can be found in the store, their price is not too expensive.

But if it was not possible to buy clamps, then they can be made independently from the same plastic pipes. The process is not very complicated. To do this, you need to cut the tubes and cut into them side part. To fix the film to the PVC pipe, you will have to experiment a little with the size of the cutout in the clamp. It is better to grind the edges of the clips, otherwise they may tear the film. An example of such a PVC greenhouse with latches is described here.
Any material is placed under the metal clips that will prevent the metal overheated in the sun from spoiling the film.
Some originals secure film with clerical clips. If the frame allows, then why not.

Greenhouse Film Fixing System

This fixation system consists of 2 parts - a PVC clip (UV-resistant) and a galvanized (aluminum) profile. I think the principle of its operation is clear - PFH snaps into the profile along with the film, without any damage to the material. Mount the system on roofs, side walls and ends.

Another option is double clips for attaching the film to the aluminum profile.
Of all the ways to attach the film to the greenhouse, this is the easiest in terms of mounting and dismantling the film.

Net

Most safe way fixing the film to the greenhouse. First, the greenhouse needs to be covered with a film, and on top of it is a mesh, the mesh itself is tied to the body.
In this case, the film is not damaged in any way, but there is one drawback - you will have to stretch the film more often, especially after rain and if there is no additional fastening.

Rope, harness, elastic cord

Almost the same as in the case of the greenhouse mesh, but instead of it, a polypropylene cord or elastic cord is used. Moreover, you need to tie up the greenhouse in the form of Z (between two parallel cords - one diagonally).

Eyelets and elastic cord

A rather specific method, and therefore I will describe it in passing. Eyelets are a hole in the film reinforced with a metal or plastic ring. It is not suitable for ordinary film, only for strong and preferably with the addition of a cuff that will prevent the eyelet from breaking through the material.

If you have your own interesting examples of attaching a film to a greenhouse, share it with them in the comments.

Very often, those who spend some time on personal plot, the question arises: how to stretch the film on a metal greenhouse? you get an expensive film, cover the greenhouse with it with your own hands and do not get the proper result. Then everyone asks the same question: why is the result of cultivation not what we would like? The answer lies in how correctly you will attach it to a metal greenhouse.

The better (and more expensive) the film, the longer the seasons it will last.

In itself, the maintenance of a metal greenhouse requires a lot of time, effort, material costs. To reduce all these costs, the greenhouse needs to be carefully looked after, in particular, you need to buy quality coating. good film can last more than one season.

This is enough universal material. At first, it was used only as a means by which you can perfectly pack an item. However, further use has shown that this is a multifunctional thing. It, due to its properties, can perfectly retain heat and let in daylight. These characteristics are highly valued by gardeners, which is why it is used in greenhouses.

The film has become great alternative glass, which is fragile and expensive. This material, of course, will not allow you to use the greenhouse all year round, but in this case, you can grow seedlings on natural soil, harvest a month or two earlier than usual.

Basic rules of use

Direct contact of the film with the frame metal is not allowed.

If you decide to cover your greenhouse yourself, you should take into account some of the nuances when using a film if the main construction material is metal.

If the fasteners are made incorrectly, then the film will become bad, unusable.

There are certain rules for its use specifically for metal structure greenhouses:

1. In no case should nails, wire or self-tapping screws be used, as they can cause mechanical damage and lead to damage to the entire canvas.
2. The second rule is that you need to make sure that the film does not touch the elements of the metal frame of the greenhouse. They, being under the canvas and direct rays of the sun, heat up to +70 degrees. This directly affects the film. It constantly heats up, then cools down, and this intensifies the process of its destruction. Even a very expensive film, which is designed for several seasons, in such a situation will not always last even one season. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary, before covering metal carcass, wrap it with cloth or paper. You can take the fabric not new, but the old one that you wanted to throw away.

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The main methods of attaching the film

Reliable fastening of the film will keep it from fraying by the wind.

There are two main ways to attach the film to the metal frame:

1. The method in which the clip is used. Now a large number of greenhouses, which can be purchased at the store, have special clips in their kit. If you make a greenhouse with your own hands, then you can make these elements yourself. For the manufacture of clamps, you need to take the usual sheet bent iron. Be sure to use rubber gaskets, then the film will serve for a very long time. They are a kind of fuse and do not allow the coating to come into contact with the metal clips.
2. You can stretch the coating on a metal greenhouse using a coarse mesh or a strong cord. To attach the film to the greenhouse with a cord, you must first stretch it over the frame on both sides. The cord must be attached to one of the bottom corners, then pull, while throwing it in a zigzag from one side to the other. These steps must be taken with inside. So the canvas will be fixed on both sides with two layers of mesh, which was formed with a cord.

When stretching the film over a metal greenhouse, do not apply excessive force, because the material will quickly deform, especially when it is windy outside or with temperature changes.

So, let's try to find out what covering material for the greenhouse exists on modern market the better to cover the greenhouse, what they prefer experienced gardeners.

Film

Polyethylene film for many decades it has been considered the most common material, it was used in the construction of greenhouses in the middle of the last century.

Thanks to affordable price it can be changed annually, seedlings and plants remain protected from atmospheric agents, the material also ensures that the temperature is maintained at the proper level. Thinking about how to cover a greenhouse cheaply? Use a familiar and widely used film.

Due to the presence of additional components in the composition of the film, it is possible to improve the properties of the material: light generation, heat retention, etc.

The highest demand in this category is reinforced film with increased strength and long service life.

Advantages:

• availability;
• low cost.

Disadvantages:

• low strength;
• short service life (even a high-quality film lasts one to two seasons);
• creation of a membrane effect (prevents the penetration of air and moisture);
• accumulation of condensate on the inside.

Glass

Another 10-20 years ago glass greenhouses seemed an inaccessible luxury, even today not everyone can afford the material. However, they do their job well. plants are protected from fog, dew and other weather conditions.

Advantages:

• high light transmission;
• not bad thermal insulation properties(glass thickness 4 mm).

Disadvantages:

• high cost;
• high weight (the need for a reinforced frame);
• fragility - (glass periodically needs to be replaced);
• installation complexity.

Cellular polycarbonate

Despite the fact that it is considered quite expensive, it has already managed to conquer a large segment of the covering materials market.

Polycarbonate it is produced in the form of sheets, the length of which can reach 12 m, width - 2 m, thickness - 4-32 mm.

The advantages of the material include:

• excellent thermal insulation properties;
• light transmission - 84%;
• resistance to mechanical damage and stress;
• ease of installation;
• light weight.

Disadvantages:

• the ability to deform when cooled and heated;
• decrease in light transmission over time;
• high price.

During the construction of greenhouses, the ends of the sheet must be protected from moisture penetration with special plugs.

Beginning gardeners may not be able to afford such a coating material, but with long-term use, the option turns out to be quite economical. However, there is no unequivocal answer to the question of which greenhouse is better glass or polycarbonate.

Spunbond

The dimensions of the greenhouse are also important, a small-sized structure can be covered with a film annually, and when building large-sized structures, it is better to use polycarbonate and glass.

When building a greenhouse, it is also important to take into account that it is not recommended to grow the same crop every year in one place, so you will either have to move the greenhouse to another place, or swap plants.

Novice gardeners at first should not build large greenhouses, the best option for such a case, it is considered with the possibility of joining sections in the future.

Conclusion

When choosing a covering material, it is necessary to compare their advantages and disadvantages; with limited financial resources, it is recommended to stop at a plastic film.

Gardeners who don't want to spend time replacing their covering material every year should consider other options.

The highest demand in recent times enjoys cellular polycarbonate, the most modern covering material for greenhouses - spunbond and agrofibre. In the question, what is the best way to cover the greenhouse
important role the purpose and dimensions, design features, etc. also play.

Useful video

Watch the video: new covering materials for greenhouses, which greenhouse is better: glass or polycarbonate

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In the country house and in the garden, it is not possible to do without a greenhouse and a greenhouse in all regions: in the north, summer is too cool and short, so you have to lengthen it. Yes, and in more southern regions, then grow seedlings, then get early / late vegetables-berries. That is why these facilities are popular: the costs are not very high, but there are many benefits. Moreover, do-it-yourself greenhouses and greenhouses can be built of any design, from any material, for any task.

Immediately make a reservation, what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse. The greenhouse is serviced from the outside. He has small size and you won't be able to get into it. The greenhouse is already a more solid structure in which you can stand in full height and work. The plants in it are served from the inside. Here, in fact, is the whole difference.

Despite the obvious difference in the dimensions of the structure, the same ones are used. There are several basic ones, as well as many combinations and modifications.

The main design differences are in the shape of the roof. There are three of them:

• arched;
• lean-to;
• gable.

What is the frame for greenhouses and greenhouses made of?

The choice of materials is wide, and they are often combined. So, the frame of a greenhouse or greenhouse is made from:

Probably everyone knows about the advantages and disadvantages of metal and wood. But what are good and bad plastics, probably a few. Plastics are good because they bend well, their outer surface is initially smooth and does not require processing, it does not tear the covering material. Plastic pipes are round, there are square ones, their wall is quite thick and strong, it holds self-tapping screws. Their main advantage: they are chemically neutral, do not bloom, do not rust, do not rot. Another property is their lightness. Regarding the construction of greenhouses, this is both an advantage and a disadvantage. On the one hand, the design is light, it is easy to assemble and disassemble. But at strong wind lightness is already a disadvantage. It is neutralized with good foundation to which the frame is securely attached.

What to cover

The main covering material for greenhouses and greenhouses is a film. It is used on both small and large structures. For year-round use, glass used to be used, but it high price and fragility led to the fact that it is used very rarely - an expensive shelter is obtained. A large weight of glazing requires a solid frame.

There are two new items. A more familiar polycarbonate, which is used for both canopies, and a relatively new one is spunbond non-woven covering material.

Now about all the details.

Film for greenhouses and greenhouses

Produced from different polymers, has different thickness. The most common are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride. There are also reinforced ones.

Polyethylene films are the most inexpensive, but they are also the most short-lived. Even with the most careful attitude, they do not serve for more than a year: they become brittle under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, and they are finished off by cold. However, more often buy them: cheap.

Available in sleeve form. Cutting it on one side, we get a double width. It is not worth using an uncut film: the service life will remain the same, and the consumption will be exactly twice as much. There is only one feature: the film breaks quickly along the fold. It is difficult and almost useless to seal it later: adhesive tape sticks very poorly to a dusty surface. Therefore, this fold is glued with adhesive tape before use. It turns out reliably.

Thickness and types

The optimal thickness of the polyethylene film for country greenhouses and greenhouses is 150 microns. To take a thicker one - anyway, its service life is one season, and the characteristics and 150 are enough.

More durable reinforced film. Manufacturers give a 3-year warranty on it. It is easy to distinguish by appearance: she's in a cage. Fibers of other polymers or the same polyethylene, but processed in a different way, are woven into the polyethylene web. Thanks to stronger fibers, such a film greenhouse can withstand wind and snow loads well (to a certain extent). Reinforced film is different density, for greenhouses and greenhouses in summer cottages and personal plots, 120 g / m 2 to 200 g / m 2 is more suitable.

There are also polyvinyl chloride films. They can be used up to 7 years. But they are expensive. The material is also good because it transmits sunlight well (80-90%) and almost does not transmit infrared (5-10%), that is, it does not allow the greenhouse to cool overnight. If you need a warm greenhouse that maintains the temperature well at night, this is your choice.

There are also films that are called perennial. Most often it is polyethylene with various additives. Some other polymers are less common. Typically, multi-year films have some special properties:

• less destroyed by ultraviolet radiation - light stabilizing;
• less transmits thermal radiation - heat stabilizing;
• does not allow condensation drops to form on the film - hydrophilic;
• reflects thermal radiation, glows in the dark, absorbs ultraviolet - these properties depend on the type of additives, but are called light-transforming.

These properties can be combined in one film. So you can find a long-term hydrophilic heat-stabilizing film, etc. One more moment. Such films usually have some kind of tint: yellow, greenish, blue ...

When choosing a multi-year film, be sure to specify its service life. It can be from two seasons to 3 years. Note. If 2 seasons are written, this means that it needs to be removed for the winter. If 2 years, then this is a film for year-round use. Sellers often manipulate these concepts, saying that two seasons are two years.

Polycarbonate

This cellular material has many advantages: it is light, transmits light well, retains heat, bends, and is easy to install. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost. However, if the greenhouse is operated for more than one year, such investments will pay off: even without additional heating, the growing season is significantly increased.

But polycarbonate is different in structure and thickness. The most commonly used types in the construction of greenhouses are in the table.

For normal conditions (average snow load and wind) is used to cover greenhouses with single-chamber sheets. For regions with large quantity it makes sense to take reinforced snow.

The thickness of the sheets is optimal - 6 mm or 8 mm. You should not take less: sheets are too fragile and their characteristics are not very good (see table). Polycarbonate 4 mm thick can be placed on small ones. He can't handle heavy loads.

Polycarbonate still needs to be fixed correctly: the cells must be oriented from top to bottom, open edges it is necessary to seal it with a special tape or adhesive tape, fasten it with special thermal washers or bolts with a large metal washer, under which it is necessary to put a rubber or plastic lining.

Spunbond

This is no longer the same material. There are many brands: Agril, Lutrasil, Spanteks, Agrospan, AgroSUF, etc. It's just that Spunbond appeared first and now all similar materials are called that way, as well as "non-woven covering material" or "agrofibre". This is a non-woven polypropylene fiber that has unique characteristics: it allows air, light and moisture to pass through, while saving plants from overheating or freezing. Review of the practice on the use of this material in the video.

Agrofibre is characterized by density. The lowest is 17 kg / m 3, the largest is 60 kg / m 3. For seasonal greenhouses and greenhouses from spring to autumn, the optimal density is 30-40 kg / m 3, for winter, 60 kg / m 3 are already needed.

How to quickly build a greenhouse with arcs (with photo explanations)

As a rule, the first greenhouse in the country or in the garden is made from inexpensive materials: you need to try what it is and evaluate how profitable the idea is. Hence the requirements: simple, prefabricated structure from inexpensive available materials. These requirements are fully met by frame greenhouses with arches made of PVC pipes(You can also use HDPE).

materials

Here is a greenhouse, as in the photo above, can be done in a few hours. You will need the following material:

• Board for the base, size not less than 75 * 40 mm, the length depends on the dimensions of your greenhouse. A frame is knocked down from a bar, which lies along the perimeter of the greenhouse. If the greenhouse is 6 * 3 meters, then the timber needs 18 meters, if 8 * 3 m, then 24 meters, etc.
• Board with a section of 50 * 20 mm for the organization of the front door.
• PVC pipes with a wall thickness of at least 2 mm. The length depends on the dimensions of the greenhouse. If you are going to build a greenhouse, then in top point its height must be at least 2.2 meters. Then you can easily work inside.
• Reinforcement with a diameter of 14-16 mm. It should be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of PVC pipes.
• Covering material - film or agrofibre. Others for this design will not work.
• Perforated metal tape.
• Wood screws.

Treat wood with rot and insect repellant before use. If there are pieces of bark somewhere, you need to get rid of them. That is where most of the larvae are. If there are any factory impregnations, you can use them. Do you have a completed machine oil- it will fit. If it is not there, you can burn the wood blowtorch. This method is unreliable, but even such processing is better than none.

Tools for the job

To make a greenhouse for a summer residence with your own hands, you will need a tool:

• hammer, nails;
• saw on wood;
• grinder with a disk for metal;
• sledgehammer or heavy hammer (to hammer rebar);
• screwdriver

We build a greenhouse from polypropylene pipes (photo report)

First of all, the site is marked out, then the site is leveled. She is leveled. Next, the actual construction of the seasonal greenhouse begins.

Preparatory work

A rectangle is knocked down from a wide board, which outlines the border of the greenhouse. If you know how, the beam can be connected into a paw, if not, just knock it down with a hammer and long nails (at least 10 cm). Reinforce the uly with metal plates or corners. We check the base. To find out how evenly it turned out for you, measure the diagonals. If they are equal, great. No - straighten it out. After that, we fix the base - in inside corners we drive in reinforcement rods. They will hold the base in place.

The reinforcement is cut into pieces about 80 cm long. They are installed every 50 cm on both long sides of the greenhouse. 40 cm are hammered into the ground and the same remains to hang around. The rods of opposite sides must stand strictly one opposite the other, otherwise the greenhouse will be skewed.

We put on arcs

We put a cut piece on the reinforcement on one side polypropylene pipe, bend it and put it on the same bar from the opposite side. Got the first arc. We do the same with everyone else. We get arcs installed every 50 cm. This is a greenhouse frame made of polypropylene pipes.

Now the pipes need to be fixed. Otherwise, they will come off just as easily as we put them on.

We take a perforated metal tape, a screwdriver, wood screws. We cut off a piece of tape, attach it to the frame near the pipe on one side, then on the other. You can screw one more - two self-tapping screws closer to the pipe so that the arc is held securely. To make the fastening stronger, it is better to take corrugated reinforcement rather than smooth, you can also fix the PP pipe twice: almost near the ground and closer to top edge frames.

Now you need to connect all the arcs with longitudinal pipes. They will give rigidity to the structure. If the greenhouse is small, only one longitudinal rib is enough. But it is more convenient when they are also on the sidewalls.

A long piece of PVC pipe or a beam of small section is tied at the top in the middle of the arch. It is attached with a plastic clamp to each arch. It will give the structure additional rigidity.

Plastic clamps - universal fasteners

Making doors

A doorway is already made from the board in the middle of the first arch. Its height and width depends on how high your greenhouse turned out. But the width of the door should not be less than 80 cm: it will be uncomfortable to walk.

Now the matter is small: choose what, cover the greenhouse. PVC pipes will be able to take out a film (any) or nonwoven fabric(or both of these materials). After the material is fixed, we can consider the manufacture of the greenhouse with our own hands finished: you can plant seedlings. Height enough to grow even high grades tomato or cucumber and you can easily make supports for tying.

Greenhouse using the same technology

It is interesting that it is easy to build a greenhouse using the same technology. Only its dimensions will be smaller (the fittings may be thinner, its pieces are smaller), and the whole technology is similar.

Almost also built a greenhouse "Snowdrop". The only difference is that the covering material is stitched in it, drawstrings are made in it, into which PVC pipes are threaded. After they are installed in necessary places agrofibres, they are stuck into the ground. Why is such a greenhouse convenient? The fact that the shelter can be moved along the arch, opening or closing plants as needed.

Improvements

Most of all questions arise at the organization of an input: the most problematic part turns out. Here are two options for solving it:

How to attach film to pipes

What are the advantages of PVC pipe arcs? They are smooth, the film and spunbond do not tear on them. But how to attach the film to them? You can’t drive a nail into them, you can screw in a self-tapping screw, but only into one lying on the ground. It “plays” in the frame and the screw does not screw into it. For fastening the film there are special plastic clamps-latches. They are put on top of the film, cover part of the pipe.

From a hose, a plastic pipe, other improvised materials

Such clamps can be made from improvised materials. For small greenhouses from arcs, a piece of old hose, cut lengthwise, is suitable. For greenhouses, its rigidity may not be enough: the windage is greater. Then the clip can be made from a piece of the same plastic pipe. It is also cut lengthwise, but you will have to cut off some of the width: PVC, and HDPE are still quite rigid, and you can’t just unfold them. Which part of the pipe to cut out, determine empirically, then process the edges with emery: so that they do not tear the film.

Pipe clamps, which are used when installing pipelines in houses, do a good job of holding the film. You have to break off his leg, but otherwise he is very good.

Still people use stationery binders right size. This device holds well, but due to the fact that it is metal, there is a possibility that the film will tear in strong winds. To prevent this from happening, you can put a piece of cloth.

And another way that you can attach the film to the arc of the greenhouse: take double-sided tape and stick it on one side of the pipe. Then, gradually removing protective film stick a film on it. This is an option for cheap plastic film: it will be impossible to remove it. Another point: you need to stick the film not to the very bottom: after all, you may need to ventilate the greenhouse.

For convenient ventilation, the film is cut longer than required by 20-30 centimeters on each side (if the length of the arc, for example, is 2 meters, then the film will need at least 2.5). They take a bar, wrap it with a film and nail it. Now, if the film needs to be lifted, it is wound onto a bar, and it is fixed (or simply thrown onto the roof, tying a rope so that it can be pulled back). Only the bar should be well processed, without sharp edges. So it won't break the film.

Arcs for greenhouses from profiles

A greenhouse under a film can be not only made of a polymer pipe. You can also use galvanized profiles for outdoor use. They are light, due to the ribs have a sufficient degree of rigidity. A greenhouse with a galvanized profile can be covered with any material, except, perhaps, glass: it is too heavy.

To make an arc from the profile, its side parts are cut with a grinder every 20-30 cm, leaving the middle part intact. On the ground, an arc is outlined that needs to be formed (a semicircle can be drawn with a piece of rope and a pencil tied on one side if you are working on a concrete site or a sharp peg that scratches the turf or ground. The incised profile is placed on this pattern, folded in places of cuts. Then they take a screwdriver and self-tapping screws (fleas), fasten them in places where the side parts intersect, first from one side, then from the other side.

How it looks live, see the video.

Polycarbonate can already be attached to such arcs. But the structure is still not rigid enough to be walked on.

Video on how to make arcs for a greenhouse with wood polycarbonate

This method is available to experienced carpenters. But the result is excellent: not only reliable, but also beautiful. The fastening system was invented very interestingly: the polycarbonate is not fixed tightly, but moves along the guides, opening and closing the side faces. The design is more complex, but also more reliable.

Economical greenhouse with heating

How to make a year-round greenhouse, and spend a little on heating it? One of the gardeners came up with the idea to bury the greenhouse in the ground. One of the very rational options, see the following video.

Do-it-yourself greenhouses are made from different materials and different designs, but the priority is the arched structure. It is easier to build, and does not interfere with work, it allows you to ventilate if necessary.

Film is a universal phenomenon, it was originally invented as a means of packaging, but the versatility of this invention cannot be overestimated. Its ability to transmit light and retain heat was immediately appreciated by gardeners and applied in greenhouses.

Finally, an alternative to heavy, fragile and expensive glass was found, yes, the film will not make it possible to operate a greenhouse or greenhouse all year, but start growing seedlings on natural soil, get a crop a month or even two earlier, please, this is for her under power. This instruction will tell you how to choose a film, fix it and properly operate it.

Many species, even more subspecies

In total, there are 4 main types of it:

1. Plain polyethylene film. The most demanded and, one might say, beloved by the people products. The most purchased, since the price of the product is minimal, and the release form of the sleeve allows you to double the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe closed surface. Such material is calculated for a year of operation, but we will tell you how using simple actions extend its service life.