Altai Territory - brief information. Open left menu Altai Krai

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

• To study the main features of the geographical position of the Altai Territory.
• Introduce the concept of geographical local history as an integral part of geography.
• Develop skills and abilities to characterize the geographical location. Develop skills and abilities to work with a map, table.
• To consolidate the skills of schoolchildren to calculate geographical coordinates.
• To promote the formation of skills to independently apply previously acquired theoretical knowledge.
• Raise feelings of love for the native land and pride in it.

Basic knowledge and skills. The concept of "geographical position", features of the geographical position of Russia, the ability to determine the geographical coordinates of objects on the map and calculate the distance in degrees and kilometers along the parallel and meridians.

Practical work: Determining the geographical coordinates of the extreme points of the region and the extent from north to south and from west to east in degrees and kilometers. Drawing on the contour map of the extreme points of the region, the borders of the region, the boundaries of the regions. Designation of neighboring territories.

Equipment: political and administrative map of Russia, physical map of the Altai Territory, atlas of the Altai Territory, photographs with views of the natural objects of the region.

Lesson plan:

1. Characteristics of the geographical location of the region, the borders of the Altai Territory.
2. Administrative-territorial division of the region.
3. Practical work No. 1. Filling in contour maps.
4. Lesson results.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Exploring a new topic.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher. Photos with nature views of the Altai Territory. (Attachment 1)

"I love and know. I know and love.
And the more I love, the better I know."
Yuri Konstantinovich Efremov.

"Our nature is a storehouse of riches and beauty.
In this pantry Altai is a special expensive box.
V. Peskov.

"Are we in Siberia? One can hardly believe this charm. The most beautiful climate, the most pleasant location, irrigated by the majestic, proud, calm Ob. This region is one of the most blessed not only in Siberia, but in all of Russia."

So he wrote in a letter to his daughter M.M. Speransky - Governor-General of Siberia, while in Barnaul in August 1820.

"A huge, beautiful land with the sunny name Altai, where the experience and wisdom of many peoples and cultures are combined. This is a land of courageous people and fantastic opportunities, which means that it is simply doomed to prosperity"

A.A. Surikov.

The Altai Territory was formed on September 28, 1937. In 1991, the Gorno-Altai Republic (since 1992 - the Republic of Altai) separated from its composition. Our region - the Altai Territory - is located in the center of the largest continent of the Earth - Eurasia. The very name "Altai" comes from the Turkic-Mongolian dialect and means "Golden Mountains". The Altai land is beautiful, its landscapes, vegetation, fauna are diverse, the region is rich in minerals, monuments of nature and the history of mankind.

But there is a wonderful corner in the very south of the Altai Territory, where, as if surprisingly, unique beauties are collected in a multitude. Altai Krai is located in the center of the largest continent of the Earth - Eurasia. Within its borders, the southeastern outskirts of the West Siberian Plain and the highest and most significant part of the Altai mountain region were located.

The traveler will find here the mirror-like expanse of emerald lakes and vast expanses of now plowed steppes, birch copses pleasing to the eye, forests of pine, larch, and cedar. A dense network of rivers cut through our lands.

Large reserves of natural resources, the Altai grain field, a developed economy are the basis of the well-deserved fame and fame of the region. Astronauts and writers, noble landowners and gardeners, artists, doctors, teachers came out of the vastness of Altai into a big life. In the difficult years of the war, our fellow countrymen stood shoulder to shoulder in combat formation and bravely defended their homeland from enemy hordes.

Altai is an important economic region of Russia with diversified agriculture and a large and varied industry.

Altai - birch groves with cuckoo tears in the vicinity of his native village, mysterious tracts with wolf tracks, pegs with thickets of bird cherry and viburnum, strawberry glades, meandering rivers, beaver huts along their banks, the smells of taiga and meadow grasses.

There are many picturesque places in Altai - Lake Teletskoye and Karakol lakes, Chuysky tract and the wayward Katun river, mountain gorges and Belukha covered with glaciers:

This country is unspeakable - the Altai Mountains. Primordial and untouched nature, harsh climate and places where Almaty apples grow and bear fruit, majestic mountains and clear lakes, turbulent mountain rivers and alpine meadows. And blue - blue in dozens of shades. The amazing beauty of the nature of the Altai Mountains. Probably, for this surprise, tourists go to the mountains, sail along stormy rivers on rafts and catamarans, climb steep cliffs and descend into the narrow mountains of caves.

Altai is also famous for its ancient history, its revolutionary, military and labor traditions. Here partisans heroically fought against Kolchak during the civil war, the first communes were created on the Altai land. During the Great Patriotic War, thousands of Altai residents fought on the fronts, and in the rear, its wonderful workers brought victory closer.

Now Altai is a major tourist area, which annually attracts thousands of travelers. Many people come from abroad to see with their own eyes all this beauty, which cannot be described in words, conveyed by gestures, or captured in photographs. It needs to be seen, it needs to be felt and experienced. Interest in Altai is growing every year. The region has a great tourism future.

2. Characteristics of the geographical location of the region.

1. Introduction of the concept of "geographic local history" (Appendix 2).
2. A conversation about how the Altai Territory looks on the map of the country, what are its dimensions. (Appendix 3).
3. Features of the geographical position of the region (analysis of the political and administrative map of the Altai Territory, Appendix 4 and 5):

a) comparison by area with other states

b) length from north to south, from west to east, length of the border, types of borders (work with the atlas of the Altai Territory, notes in a notebook)

c) border territories (work with the atlas)

d) positive and negative features of the region's EGP (work with the table).

Table No. 1

Assessment of the EGP of the Altai Territory

3. Administrative and territorial division of the region (work with the political and administrative map of the Altai Territory).

Determine how many districts are included in the region?

Locate the area where you live on the map.

What districts of the Altai Territory borders Pavlovsky district?

What natural and economic district of the Altai Territory includes the Pavlovsky district?

Name and show on the map the cities of the Altai Territory?

III. Consolidation.

1. Rabat with maps and atlases. Conversation. [Map of the Altai Territory, Pavlovsky District on the map of the Altai Territory]

• find the Altai Territory on the map of Russia;
• name and show on the map with which subjects of the Russian Federation the Altai Territory borders;
• determine the distance to the nearest sea;

2. Practical work. In the course of explaining the new material, students simultaneously work on the contour map of the Altai Territory (Appendix 6).

Task 1. Circle the borders of the Altai Territory in red.

Task 2. Mark the extreme points with an asterisk, determine and sign their geographical coordinates.

Sign the names of the border regions of the Russian Federation and independent states with which our region borders.

Task 4. Determine the length in degrees and kilometers from north to south, from west to east.

Maximum length:

• from north to south about 500 km.
• from west to east about 560 km.

To test the assimilation of new material, you can offer to answer the questions of the test.

Geography of the region

1. What does the word "Altai" mean? (The word "Altai" of Mongolian origin means "gold-bearing").

2. What is the area of ​​the Altai Territory? (167.85 thousand square kilometers).

3. Name the capital of the Altai Territory. (Barnaul).

4. How many cities are there in the Altai Territory? (12 - Barnaul, Biysk, Novoaltaysk, Rubtsovsk, Belokurikha, Slavgorod, Kamen-on-Obi, Zarinsk, Aleysk, Yarovoe, Zmeinogorsk, Gornyak).

5. How many administrative districts are there in the Altai Territory? (60).

6. What is the population of the Altai Territory. (2562 thousand people - 2003).

7. Name the border areas. (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions; Kazakhstan: Pavlodar, Semipalatinsk, East Kazakhstan regions, Altai Republic).

8. What states can be located on the territory of the Altai Territory taken together? (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal).

9. What are the health resorts of the Altai Territory that are of national importance? (Belokurikha, Yarovoe).

10. What is the approximate length of the city of Biysk along the rivers Biya and Ob? (40 km).

11. What is the confluence of the three major rivers of the Altai Territory? (c. Odintsovka).

12. What are the rivers of the Altai Territory that do not have a runoff into the ocean? (R. Kulunda, R. Burla).

13. What are the major lakes of our region? (Kulunda, Kuchukskoe, Gorkoe).

14. On what rivers of the Altai Territory is water tourism carried out? (R. Peschanka, R. Biya, R. Katun).

15. An All-Russian tourist and entertainment complex will be created in the Altai Territory. In what region and in what village will it be built? (c. Solonovka - Smolensk region).

IV. Outcome. Conclusions.

1. Guys, what new did you learn in today's lesson? (Student answers)
2. Show on the map what objects were mentioned in the lesson? (Students show geographical objects).

V. Homework.

Review study material. Prepare a description of the geographical location of the Pavlovsk region.

How can the Altai Territory attract tourists? Everyone. Without exaggeration: this fertile land of stunning nature and ecology, and it is tourism in its Soviet, “camping” sense of the word that can be practiced here for years on end. Clear skies overhead and many sunny days, clean ionized air, clear mountain rivers, healing springs and mud, a huge number of caves to explore, an incredible number of lakes for fishing, swimming and anything else ... And with the advent of new tourist areas, there are also opportunities for a full-fledged beach holiday with all the relevant infrastructure - this is what the Altai Territory can offer to a vacationer.

Today in the Altai Territory, the traveler gets the best mix that a tourist could wish for: unique local specifics plus familiar home comforts. Every year more and more funds are invested in the development of the tourism infrastructure of the region, thanks to which even foreign guests have begun to come here. And outstanding landscapes, a special culture and even cuisine are the “chips” thanks to which the rest here becomes different (from others) and is remembered for a long time.

The regional center is Barnaul. Large cities: Biysk, Rubtsovsk, Novoaltaysk, Zarinsk, Kamen-on-Obi.

Time difference with Moscow

4 hours ahead of Moscow.

How to get there

The airport, located 17 km from the center of Barnaul, receives planes from Krasnoyarsk, Blagoveshchensk, Irkutsk, Nizhnevartovsk, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Surgut and, of course, Moscow. You can get from it to the city by regular buses or taxis.

There are also direct trains to Barnaul from Moscow, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, cities of Central Asia.

Search for flights to the city of Barnaul (the nearest airport to the Altai Territory)

Weather in Altai Krai

The climate in Altai is sharply continental. The weather can be unstable, with frequent temperature changes at any time of the year, strong winds and precipitation. The plains usually have warm summers and severe winters, and sharp cooling is possible in early June and late August. In the foothills and low mountains of Altai, winters are noticeably milder, and summers are much cooler, there is a lot of precipitation, especially in the cold season, and a thick snow cover forms.

Dust storms occur in the Kulunda desert, most often in May. And in November, February and March, snowstorms and snowstorms often rage there instead.

Guides in the Altai Territory

Popular hotels in Altai Krai

Entertainment and attractions of the Altai Territory

Within the city limits of Barnaul there are a number of monuments of culture and architecture, examples of historical buildings have been preserved. Museums of the city: Altai State Museum of Local Lore, State Art Museum of the Altai Territory, State Museum of the History of Literature, Art and Culture of Altai.

In Biysk, the second largest city in the Altai Territory, there are many attractions. Among other things, picturesque mansions built in the Art Nouveau and eclectic styles have been preserved there. From Biysk, trips across the Altai Mountains, to Lake Teletskoye, to the resort of Belokurikha and Lake Aya start. Museums of the city: Museum of Local Lore. V. Bianki, Museum of the Chuisky tract.

Denisova cave and Shinok waterfall

Archaeological research has been carried out in Denisova Cave for many years: more than 20 cultural layers belonging to different eras have already been discovered there. The oldest artifacts are about 300 thousand years old. And 15 km from Denisova Cave there is a cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River, the largest in the Altai Territory. The three-stage waterfall has a total height of about 70 meters.

Just think about it: the remains of extinct animals were found in the Charysh caves - the same legendary mammoth, as well as woolly rhinoceros, bison, cave hyena and fossil deer.

Kulunda steppe

The Kulunda steppe, located in the southeast of the West Siberian lowland, is deservedly called the “land of a thousand lakes”. The largest of them are Kulundinskoe, Kuchukskoe, Burlinskoe, Bolshoye and Maloye Yarovoe.

Charysh caves

In the Charysh caves, the remains of extinct animals were found: mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, cave hyena, fossil deer, as well as the bones of now disappeared animals that inhabited Gorny Altai in the century before last.

Royal barrow

The archaeological complex of the Royal Kurgan is located in the valley of the river Sentelek. She erected this only large mound in the Altai Territory back in the 5th century BC. e. a group of Sentelek genera. Here, a bypass ring of slabs, an inner ring and the most remarkable part of the burial and memorial complex, a row of 19 tallest stelae up to 4.5 m high in Altai, have been preserved.

Altai region- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Siberian Federal District, is part of the West Siberian Economic Region.

Area- 167,996 km2.

Population— 2,350,080 people (2018 data)

Population density– 13.99 people per 1 sq. km.

Administrative center- the city of Barnaul, founded in 1730 as a village at the Demidov silver smelter. Large industrial, cultural, medical and educational center of Siberia. Population: 632,372 (2018 data)

Geographical position

Altai Krai is located 3419 km from Moscow on the very border of continental Asia, in the southeast of Western Siberia. Its territory of the region is 168 thousand km2. The borders of the region: in the north - the Novosibirsk region, in the south-west and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the length of which is 843.6 km, in the east - the Kemerovo region, in the south-east - the Altai Republic.

Climatic features

The climate is temperate sharply continental, the absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95o C. Cloudy weather guarantees a large number of sunny days.

The average maximum temperature in July is +26 +28оС, the maximum reaches +40 +41оС. The average minimum January temperatures are -20 -24оС, the absolute winter minimum is -50 -55оС. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days.

The most dry and hot is the western flat part of the region.

Snow falls on average in the second decade of November and melts in early April. The height of the snow cover averages 40-60 cm, in the western regions it decreases to 20-30 cm and the snow is completely blown away. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm; in steppe areas bare of snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible.

Water resources

There are 17,085 rivers and rivulets with a total length of 51,004 km on the territory of the Altai Territory, of which:
16309 - less than 10 km long;
744 - from 10 to 100 km long;
29 - length from 100 to 500 km;
3 - more than 500 km.

Main rivers: Ob, Biya, Katun, Aley, Charysh.

The most important water artery of the region is the Ob River, which is formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. Its largest tributaries (more than 500 km long) are the Aley, Charysh and Chumysh rivers. Within the region, the length of the Ob is 493 km.

There are 11,000 lakes on the territory of the region, of which over 230 have an area of ​​more than 1 km2. The largest are located in the steppe zone of the region:
Kulunda - 728 km2;
Kuchuk - 181 km2;
Gorkoye (Romanovsky district) - 140 km2;
Big Topolnoye - 76 km2;
Big Yarovoe - 66.7 km2.

Animal world

The diversity of natural landscapes contributes to the species diversity of the animal world. There are more than 320 species of birds in Altai, of which from 220 to 290 species nest in the region, 90 species of mammals, more than 400 species of insects, 6 species of amphibians, 7 species of reptiles.

Unfortunately, the Red Book of the Altai Territory is also large. It includes 39 species of insects; 2 species of amphibians are the “common newt” and the “samal-tooth”; almost half of the reptile species are the “steppe viper”, “round-headed takyr”, “multi-colored lizard”; 96 species of birds.

Plant world

The following types of vegetation are represented on the territory of the region: forests, steppes, meadows, swamps, tundras, shrubs, rocks, water, saline and synotropic. Forests occupy 21% of the territory.

The flora of the Altai Territory includes 2186 species of higher vascular plants, including 1886 native and 300 adventitious, about 400 species of mosses, about 700 species of lichens. Among them there are representatives of endemic and relict species.

The group of medicinal plants is the largest, of which about 100 species are widely used in official medicine. These are golden root, maral root, red root, peony marin root, Ural licorice, oregano, St. John's wort, high elecampane and others. There are medicinal plants, the culture of which is complex and natural reserves are the only source of raw materials: spring adonis, lingonberries, calamus marsh, yellow capsule.

Mineral resources

Hard and brown coal, iron ores, manganese, chromium, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, bauxites, nickel, cobalt, polymetals, precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), scandium and rare earths, fluorspar, cement raw materials, gypsum.

The Altai Territory is famous for its unique deposits of jasper, porphyry, marble, granite, mineral and drinking underground waters, and mineral therapeutic mud.

Salt lakes contain significant reserves of mineral raw materials for the food and chemical industries: sodium sulfate, table salt, natural soda, magnesium and bromine salts.

The Altai Territory has mineral waters and therapeutic mud, on the basis of which the sanatorium-resort system was developed.

Brief description of the Altai Territory

Altai Krai is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, on the border of continental Asia, 3419 km from Moscow. The territory of the region is 168 thousand square meters. km, in terms of area it ranks 21st in the Russian Federation and 8th in the Siberian Federal District. In the north, the region borders on the Novosibirsk region, in the east - on the Kemerovo region, the southeastern border passes with the Republic of Altai, in the southwest and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the length of which is 843.6 km. At the beginning of 2019, the population was 2.33 million inhabitants (1.6% of the population of Russia). A distinctive feature of the region is the high proportion of the rural population - 43.3% (in Russia - 25.4%).

The region is located 10 urban districts And 59 municipal districts. The administrative center is the city of Barnaul.

Two types of landscapes prevail in the region: in the east - mountainous, in the west - flat. The Altai Territory is characterized by a rich flora and fauna. Almost all natural zones of Russia are present in the region: steppe and forest-steppe, taiga, mountains and rich river ecosystems.

Altai has huge reserves of various natural resources. Mineral resources are represented by deposits of polymetals, iron, table salt, soda, gypsum, brown coal and precious metals. The region is famous for its unique deposits of jasper, malachite, porphyry, marble, granite, building materials, mineral and drinking water, and therapeutic mud. The region is rich in forest resources. The forest fund makes up more than a quarter of the territory of the region and covers an area of ​​4438 thousand hectares. Of the 13,000 lakes, the largest is Kulunda, its area is 728 sq. km. The largest rivers are the Ob, Biya, Katun, Aley and Charysh.

The economy of the Altai Territory is an established diversified complex. The structure of the gross regional product is dominated by industry, Agriculture, trade. These types of activities form about 57% of the total GRP.

The modern structure of the industrial complex of the region is characterized by a high share of manufacturing industries(over 80% of the volume of shipped goods), the leading ones are the production of food products, the production of engineering products (carriage, boiler, diesel, electrical equipment), the production of coke, as well as chemical production, pharmaceutical production, the production of rubber and plastic products.

Altai Krai is the largest producer organic food in Russia: it ranks 1st in the country in terms of production of flour, cereals, including buckwheat, semolina, oatmeal, pearl barley, cheeses and cheese products, dry whey, 2nd place in the production of butter, 3rd place - for the production of pasta.

The agrarian complex is a large sector of the region's economy. The basis of the region's agriculture is grain production(including durum wheat), cereal and industrial crops, as well as animal husbandry. In terms of arable land, the Altai Territory is the leader in the Russian Federation; the share of the region accounts for a third of the arable land of the Siberian Federal District. Altai Krai ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of sown area of ​​grain and leguminous crops. In 2017, the yield of grain crops in weight after processing amounted to more than 5.0 million tons (4th place in Russia). Altai Krai is the only region from the Urals to the Far East that grows sugar beet: in 2018, sugar beet production amounted to 1.0 million tons.

In terms of production of livestock products among the subjects of the Russian Federation, Altai Krai traditionally occupies high positions (4th place in milk production, 5th place in the production of high-quality beef). In terms of the number of cattle in all categories of farms, the region consistently ranks 4th.

The labor resources of the Altai Territory, trained by scientific and educational institutions of various profiles, are characterized by a high professional level and are able to meet the needs of a developing economy in scientific research and highly qualified personnel for the implementation of innovative projects and the placement of technologically new industries.

The Altai Territory is located at the crossroads of transcontinental transit cargo and passenger flows, in close proximity to large raw materials and processing regions. Highways connecting Russia with Mongolia, Kazakhstan, a railway linking Central Asia with the Trans-Siberian Railway, international airlines pass through the Altai Territory. The Altai Territory is better equipped with transport routes than the average Russian and Central Siberian indicators. Favorable geographical position of the region and its high transport accessibility open up wide opportunities for establishing strong economic and trade ties at the interregional and international levels.

Recreational potential, combined with the favorable climate of the south of Western Siberia, rich historical and cultural heritage provide an opportunity for development in the Altai Territory various types of tourism and sports and recreational activities.

In 2018, the region was awarded the leading awards in the field of the tourism industry at the Russian level. The Altai Territory is the winner of the National Geographic Traveler Awards 2018 in the Russian Health Leisure nomination, ahead of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Stavropol and Khabarovsk Territories.

According to the results of the finals of the National Award in the field of event tourism "Russian Event Awards 2018", four projects of the Altai Territory became winners: the Grand Prix in the nomination "The Best Tourist Event Based on a Natural Phenomenon or Geographical Location" was won by the "Blossoming Maralnik" festival, the first place in in the nomination "The best project in the field of promotion of event tourism" was taken by the holiday "Altai wintering", the 3rd place in the nomination "The best natural and recreational area for holding tourist events" was awarded to the Valley of family recreation "Altai Kholmogorye", in the nomination "The best regional calendar of tourist Events” was recognized by the “Event calendar of the Altai Territory”.

The events of the Altai Territory are included in the National Calendar of Russia in 2019, four events of the region are included in the TOP-200 of the best event projects in Russia, which have been awarded the status of "National Event 2019": the "Blossoming of the Maral" holiday, the All-Russian festival of traditional culture "Day of Russia on the Turquoise Katun" , international gastronomic festival “AH! FEST”, holiday “Altai wintering”.

The region is not only a recognized health resort in Siberia, but also one of the largest resort centers of the Russian Federation, including 42 sanatorium complexes for 9 thousand places of one-time accommodation, including 7 children's institutions, in which more than 200 thousand people improve their health annually.

The edge has valuable healing resources, mineral medicinal and medicinal table waters, sulfide silt muds, medicinal plants are used. The undisputed leader of the sanatorium and resort complex of the region is the resort town of Belokurikha, which has been recognized as the best federal resort in Russia over the past six years. Sanatorium "Russia", located in this resort, is recognized as the best medical hotel in the country in terms of accommodation, treatment, food, hotel location, comfort and safety of various categories of guests, variety of services.

Currently, the region is developing tourist-recreational cluster "Belokurikha", the formation of which involves the formation of two subclusters and the implementation of investment projects for the construction of tourism infrastructure facilities, the commissioning of more than 3 thousand comfortable accommodation places. The largest of them is the Belokurikha-2 subcluster, a project to create a unique multifunctional resort in Russia in the foothills of the region, 10 km from the city of Belokurikha. Thanks to the commissioning of a serpentine highway with a length of 7.7 km "city of Belokurikha - resort subcluster "Belokurikha-2", the completion of the engineering arrangement of the site, including a new power grid complex, gas pipeline, water supply, sewerage networks, it became possible to mass construction of facilities and attract large investments: the Altai Mountains ski and biathlon complex was put into operation, designed for year-round training sessions for athletes of various qualifications in biathlon, cross-country skiing, shooting sports, cyclocross, athletics; the Mishina Mountain ski complex, the highest mountain ski resort in the Altai Territory, began its work, which includes two kilometer-long slopes, a two-seater rope tow lift, a rental office, a parking lot, a cafe, and an illuminated tubing track equipped with a ski lift; the Andreevskaya Sloboda historical and architectural complex, the chocolate museum were opened, hotel buildings, a boarding house with health and nutrition facilities were built.

In 2018, in the historical part of the city of Barnaul, the creation of tourist and recreational cluster "Barnaul - Mining City", which will allow to revive the historical center of the regional capital and modernize the engineering infrastructure.

The formation and development of the autotourist cluster "Golden Gate" (Biysk) and the sports and tourist cluster "Tyagun" (Zarinsky district) continued.