How to pick a padlock. How to choose a reliable padlock: types and features

There are many types of padlocks. They differ from each other both in appearance and in the principle of operation of the locking mechanism. Each type of lock may or may not fit a particular door. Complex and heavy devices are used in iron doors or even the gate. The degree of protection of the mechanism determines the area of ​​its use.

Types and differences of padlocks

Attachments are divided according to design criteria, area of ​​application, degree of protection and method of attachment. There are also screw locks, which are no less popular.

Classic open lock

This device is called open because its locking shackle is located outside the body and has a curved shape for hanging. The body of this lock itself plays the role of a locking arc retainer and a box for the mechanism to keep it secret. The body is made in different shapes.

Classical open lock the most common among a number of security devices. The explanation for this is its unpretentiousness to the canopy and ease of installation. Among the variety of products, everyone will find a suitable case size for themselves.

Standard type of padlock mechanism

Mushroom padlock

In common parlance, the design of such a device is called a “mushroom”. The hanging bow has the shape of a cylinder. At the end there is a cap of a larger diameter, which locks the door. The shackle is secured in the body only once, and the shape of the structure allows the use of such a device where it is inconvenient to place a classic lock.

The dimensions of this device also vary. It is important to choose right size, then the shackle will be completely hidden behind the eyes, and the likelihood of the lock being cut by intruders will be reduced to a minimum. However, open it suitable key not difficult.

Half-closed padlock

Here the bow is also made in the shape of a cylinder. The suspended section of it is protected by lugs, and at the point of closure it is covered by the body. This lock has an increased level of protection compared to other mechanisms. Opening with sawing objects is practically excluded.

As for the canopy, then this type The lock requires certain conditions for installation. The reason is that you need lugs of a certain size and a suitable location.

Padlock

The shackle of this protection device is located entirely inside the housing. When installing this type of padlock, the body even hides the lugs underneath. This mechanism is considered the most resistant to hacking. A closed lock can be hung only if the eyes are made specifically for its requirements.

Types of secret unlocking mechanisms

The degree of protection of the locking device depends on the opening mechanism. main part- This is the core of the body. There are four types of locking mechanisms.

• Coded. This mechanism can be unlocked without using a key. The point is to enter the correct combination of numbers.
• English or pin. Considered to be a primitive device, it is used on economy class locks.
• Screw. It operates like a bolt and is not considered a particularly reliable security mechanism.
• Combined. Two locking mechanisms are used at once, which increases the level of protection.

Options for opening padlocks

Opening methods depend on the type of lock mechanism and the type of key. This can be an ordinary model or a screw lock and a master key with a variety of threads.

Operating principle of a regular key

A regular key has a serrated pattern carved into it. Modern castles require special rounded notches different sizes and diameter. When such a key is inserted into the lock, its cross-section adjusts to the latch and moves it away, then the locking shackle is freely removed and opened.

Operating principle of a screw key

The screw lock for security is considered obsolete today. This is explained by the fact that the operating principle of the device is extremely simple. This means that the likelihood of hacking increases. But these models sometimes find their place, for example, on garage doors or basements

A screw pick works on the principle of unscrewing a bolt. The key is inserted into the hole in the lock and screwed into it. The threads or curved elements of the master key cling to the side recesses in the body. When the key is firmly secured, it pulls out the locking pin, which is unscrewed like a bolt, and the lock is unlocked. This kind of locking mechanism may or may not be padlocked.

What locks are used where?

It happens that the material from which the protective hinge is made is simply puzzling. It is easy to saw or destroy the internal protective mechanism. Why aren't all locks made from very strong steel? protective device? The answer is simple, it is necessary to lock not only garages and warehouses, but also premises in which there are no valuable items, and no one will break into them. Simple products used for lockers in changing rooms, caskets, mailboxes. Weak protective mechanisms made of cheap material are used when there is no special need for protection, but it is necessary to limit access to strangers.

All padlocks conditionally divided into groups:

• Devices for premises with a low level of importance: storerooms, lockers in changing rooms, secure warehouses. Their protection mechanism is unreliable.
• Protective devices for medium-level premises. The material used for such locks is more serious than in the first group. Defense mechanism it is more complex; even combined options are used.
• Premises with increased level importance is trusted only to the most complex and robust devices. Steel or cast iron is used to make housings.

The cost of locks differs depending on the difficulty group. As the mechanical component becomes more complex, the quality of the steel used and the size of the device, the price increases.

From the video you will learn Interesting Facts about the design of padlocks and see how reliable this type of mechanism can be.

Choice door locks for outdoor and interior doors The market is so wide that it is not surprising to get confused when purchasing. However, guided by their purpose and knowing the main types and characteristics locking devices you can buy exactly what you need.

Classification according to the method of fastening and the secret mechanisms used

Types of door locks according to the method of fastening are divided into:

• mounted;
• mortise

Types of hinged locking devices

In terms of protection from force penetration, hinged locking devices are the most vulnerable, since they are completely visible. However, their different varieties still provide greater or less reliability.

Types of padlocks:

The use of hinged locking devices extends mainly to auxiliary premises– sheds, garages, warehouses.

Overhead locking devices

Various types of rim locks are installed on wooden doors, since mortise locks weaken such a door leaf. Mount them with inside door leaf. On metal door designs they are almost never installed, both from an aesthetic point of view and from an economic point of view - they lead to an increase in metal consumption to strengthen the door leaf.

Types of rim locks differ in design: with a lever or cylinder mechanism, with and without crossbars, and can also be mechanical or electronic. To increase the safety of overhead locks, they can be reinforced with a wedge latch and a safety bolt.

Mortise locking devices

Various types of mortise locks are installed in metal entrance and wooden interior doors and are distinguished by purpose, design of mechanisms and level of security.

Types of mortise locks for external doors

For outdoor metal doors use locks with various devices secret:

• level;
• disk;
• crossbar:
• coded.

Cylinder (English) are called so because they working part, the larva, has the shape of a cylinder, in which the pins (tubercles, needles) line up a certain combination of heights when the key is turned. If the security level is high enough (there should be more than 5 pin combinations, and in best examples more than 10 thousand), it is difficult to open it with a master key. But it is advisable to protect it from drilling or knocking out with an armor plate. Such constipations are repairable and may be limited to replacing the larvae. Disc locking devices are a subtype of cylinder locking devices, but in them, the key is used to adjust the position of the discs in the core rather than the pins.

Lever locks are those in which the principle of operation of the mechanisms is based on the movement of a set of plates (levers) under the influence of a key, forming a special combination. Locks of this type are well protected from tampering, and the degree of burglary protection is determined by the strength of the bolts and additional protection housings. Deadbolt-type locks do not work when the key is turned, but when it moves forward. The keys for such locks are bulky, which is a disadvantage when carrying them.

Code devices do not have a key, but are activated when a specific code is entered. Over time, the buttons become worn out, reducing the number of matches and increasing the likelihood of unwanted intrusion.

Electromechanical and electronic devices. Electromechanical ones are opened with a key, and electronic ones - with a card, remote control or the touch of a finger (biometric). Such designs are the most modern and advanced, which is reflected in their price.

Types of locks for interior doors

The variety of these locking devices and keys for them is explained by the purpose various rooms.

Locks for interior doors and their types:

1. With lock (sockets). Installed in bathroom doors and toilet rooms. Contains a button or lever for manual locking.
2. Latch (push model). Provides only closing, but not locking of the door. Installed in areas that do not provide privacy or protection from intrusion.
3. Key locks for interior doors are not very different from similar models for external door blocks. Installed in offices, home laboratories, etc.
4. Magnetic latches for interior door blocks are an analogue of the push model. Their advantage is noiselessness, which can be important in rooms for children, as well as sick or elderly people.

Rules for choosing door locks

Having considered the main types of locks, we can formulate several rules for their selection:

1. Purpose. Different rooms require locks of different designs.
2. Material. Best materials– steel, cast iron, for some – brass. Aluminum is too soft, and silumin breaks easily.
3. Protection against opening and breaking. When purchasing, check the level of protection, which comes in 4 levels. The first two are not very reliable. The third and fourth levels differ in price, which is also a selection criterion.

Other criteria: additional measures safety, quietness, design, and personal preference certainly also play a role. For particularly important premises, it is recommended to install two or more locks of different designs.

Today, the safety and reliability of the garage is very important indicator. Achieve required level security can be achieved using strong Garage Doors, their high-quality installation and a lock that will close them. In this article we will tell you exactly which garage padlock you should choose and the features that you need to pay attention to when choosing.

Types of padlocks

Today, padlocks are the most popular and are most often used to protect your property and close any garage and other doors that are equipped with special fasteners for this type of lock. A huge assortment of different locks makes the uninformed buyer get lost and increases the chance of choosing a low-quality lock or one that is not suitable for you.

To do right choice, you need to have an idea of ​​what the main types of locks are in order to somehow separate the huge assortment and highlight the ones that are most suitable for you. Today castles are classified into three groups:

• Barn.
• Locks with locking pin.
• Padlocks.

Barn view

They consist of a body, a bow and a sliding mechanism. Thanks to its shape, it can be installed on almost any garage door, and it will perform its functions perfectly.

Barn: classic look, the only difference is in size, it is better to take the steel version, they are the most durable and reliable.

With locking finger

A lock with a locking pin has a very similar design to a padlock, but instead of a lock that moves on a hinge, the design has a metal rod.

It can be completely detached from the structure in open state, when closed it is fixed with the same latch as the hinged one. Due to its design, it is not suitable for all types of fastenings and for it it is necessary to prepare more suitable elements to close the garage door.

Semi-closed: instead of a bow, a straight pin is used, partially hidden in the body and closed with eyes, which makes this type reliable.

Oblique varieties

Mounted on a flat surface when the fastening system is fully extended outward and is capable of entering the cavity of the body of such a lock to the required distance. After this, the finger is inserted into the hole and securely fixed with one or two latches.

Closed: the locking part is completely hidden in the body of the product, which makes it particularly burglar-resistant.

We choose according to technical characteristics

To choose a high-quality and reliable lock for yourself, you need to pay attention to its main characteristics so that it can last a long time, perform its main functions and fully meet all your requirements.

To make a quality choice, you need to pay attention to a number of the following nuances padlock:

• Dimensions and compatibility with installation location.
• The material from which all elements of the lock are made.
• The type of locking element used in the design.

Dimensions and compatibility

Very important parameter is precisely the size of the padlock. It should not be too bulky or conspicuous.

It is best to select it so that it is as proportional to the door as possible and fits perfectly into the recesses for it and does not stick out too much.

Overhead locks should have the most compact form, since they are installed on top of garage doors and are practically not hidden.

Varieties of mounted models by structure: open, mushroom-shaped, semi-closed, closed. The most reliable type closed type.

In addition to the dimensions, make sure that the lock you choose is compatible with hinges that perform the function fastening system. Some locks may simply not reach the holes and be able to tightly close both hinges.

Material from which the mechanism is made

What material is it made of? the padlock, directly shows its main purpose. The material used in the lock will indicate whether it will close the garage or any other door from outside entry, or simply cover it from children or so that the gate is not constantly wide open.

Brass - do not corrode and are very attractive in appearance, but despite high cost, such models are not strong enough.

Today the most popular materials materials that are used to create locks are: aluminum, hardened steel, brass, cast iron metals and many others. An aluminum lock has the lowest strength and is least suitable for performing protective functions. The most durable are brass and hardened locks. They can withstand external pressure, shock and resist corrosion well.

We select according to the type of locking mechanisms

There are quite a few types of closures in padlocks, and they are practically no different from conventional mortise door locks.

The most common systems are:

Crossbar systems

Crossbar - it opens due to the length of the key, which moves along the slot and presses on special crossbars with teeth that are located on one or both of its sides. One of the main disadvantages of such a lock is the presence of a relatively large and long key.

Code locks

Coded - this type of lock has the only advantage over all its analogues; it is the complete or partial absence of a key. It is partial because the lock may have a hole for the key and the key itself, but it is only required if you have forgotten the code, but not all locks have this option. They usually have a fairly simple hacking system and are not very reliable, which is why they break easily.

Coded models are expensive, but at the same time you don’t have to carry the keys with you, you need to know the digital combination.

Level-type locking systems

Level locks - consist of a certain amount plates, which are called levers. The key, moving along the slot, presses them in a certain sequence, after which the lock opens. It is physically almost impossible to break it, but picking up a key or master key is possible. But the selection becomes more complicated if the number of these levers is quite large.

With cylindrical mechanism

Cylindrical mechanisms are the most popular and widespread type today. They are quite reliable, the key is difficult to find, and it is almost impossible to break. And the opening key itself is very compact and convenient.

The key part of any cylinder mechanism is the core. It is made in the shape of a cylinder - hence the name of the mechanism - cylinder.

Popular manufacturers and their choice

It is highly not recommended to buy and use locks made from pressed metal chips. They can only be used in decorative purposes or when protection is not a top priority. Due to the fact that the metal is pressed, it does not have high strength and breaks very easily and may begin to crumble over time. So choose only cast locks that have no welds and have a one-piece, non-separable design.

Also, to make the lock last much longer on the street, select it with protective coating from moisture. So, corrosion will not destroy it, which is why its service life and reliability will be much higher.

The most popular and highest quality manufacturers today are brands such as Avers, Aspect, Extra and, of course, the simplest and cheapest Chinese ones, which are also of fairly high quality.

The variety of padlocks has led to the emergence of the most different systems classifications. All of them make it easier for consumers to choose a lock, since they are designed to give precise and succinct definitions in accordance with certain basic characteristics.

Classification of padlocks by size

One of the simplest and most convenient classifications of padlocks is based on their overall dimensions. It allows you to make a choice depending on the object for which the lock is intended. According to this classification, there are the following types of locks:

Small or miniature, designed for mailboxes, purses, suitcases;

Medium, general purpose;

Large, used for doors, including external ones;

Large, used for gates, warehouse doors and sheds.

Difference in design features

Padlocks are divided into the following types:

Level locks;

Leverless locks;

Cylinder locks;

Screw locks;

Disc locks;

Code locks.

This is the most common classification among professionals; it allows you to navigate the reliability of the padlock mechanism and the ability to resist uninvited guests using master keys.

Classification according to materials used

Depending on the materials used to make the case, padlocks are divided into the following types:

Aluminum;

Brass;

Cast iron;

Steel.

Aluminum locks are lightweight but fragile, brass locks have an aesthetic appearance and high corrosion resistance, but soft and expensive.

Cast iron padlocks are cheap, resistant to corrosion, durable, but become brittle during frosts. Steel locks have increased burglary resistance, but differ more at a high price, therefore they are purchased to protect critical facilities.

Classification by ability to resist criminal acts

Like all other types of door locks, padlocks are classified in accordance with GOST 5089-97 into four classes in relation to criminal actions. Burglary resistance is determined by the time spent on opening:

The first class is characterized by low security capabilities and is opened faster than in five minutes;

The second class is characterized by normal security abilities and is opened in 5-10 minutes;

The third class is characterized by increased security capabilities; such a lock can be opened in no faster than 10 minutes;

The fourth class has high security capabilities; opening such a lock takes more than half an hour.

The European classification is identical to the Russian one, only burglary resistance classes are marked not with numbers, but letters A, D, C and D.

The marking of each lock that has passed certification must include the serial number, type of lock, class of burglary resistance and operational reliability, as well as details of the certification body.

How to open a lock without a key?

If you want to learn the technique of opening locks, then you are on the right track. After all, this is quite useful knowledge and, moreover, worthy of attention. They will also help you better understand the mechanism of locks, you will understand how they work. This may be needed in critical situations (when, for example, someone steals your key, or it simply gets lost.) Because a lock is mechanical device, then we can say that such activities will be a break from computers, televisions and similar electrical things.

Garage lock picker

If you suddenly lost the keys to your padlock, then you should not despair at all, because it is not at all difficult to open it. To accomplish this act, you will need completely ordinary means at hand. So, you will need a small piece of a fairly strong antenna (approximately 10 - fifteen cm) with a bent end. It must be beaten with a heavy object, for example, a hammer, so that it becomes flat or flattened. Also, to open the padlock, you will also need a small piece of wire (approximately 5–7 cm), it is better that it is straight and not curved.

Next you need to take the closed one lock. Insert a piece of the antenna into the well so that it touches the diameter. Place your finger on the antenna so that it is under slight tension from the spring. The next step is to take a small piece of wire and insert it into the center of the spring. Imagine that you have a lost key in your hands and try to open it with short and quick movements. Happened? The lock remained undamaged, now you just need to find the key for it.

How to open door lock keyless.

Do people often, when they find themselves in front of closed door, can independently open the lock? In isolated cases. More often than not, they panic. They think that their apartment has been robbed, they want to call the police or do some similar things. And then it turns out that the key to the lock was in the wrong pocket or was left hanging on a hook at home. It is in such situations that knowledge of opening locks without keys comes in handy.

A door lock should be opened using the same principle as a padlock. However, it will not be so convenient because lock built into the door and, most likely, on landing quite dark. You will have to trust your hands. Also, the size of available devices should be reduced by about 2 times.

If such devices are not available, then women will have to sacrifice their hairpins and act on the same principle as in the situation described earlier. It will be more difficult for men. Instead of a small piece of wire, you can use an ordinary pen rod. Well, you should look for a large piece (you can ask your neighbors).

And, at the end of all of the above, we can add one simple piece of advice. If you know that this or a similar situation could happen to you, then simply make yourself several duplicate keys and hide them in different pockets of the jacket that you always wear or the bag that you always carry to work. Now you know how to open a lock without a key. And, if you have a trusting relationship with your neighbors, then give one copy of the keys to them for safekeeping.

The video tutorial will clearly show you how to open a lock without a key.

Abstracts

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