How to make a battery at home. DIY solar battery

August 23, 2017 at 03:38 pm

Homemade homemade 30-100 kWh batteries are made from discarded laptop batteries

• Energy and batteries,
• Notebooks ,
• DIY or DIY

In May 2015, Elon Musk unveiled beautiful Powerwall home units to store energy from rooftop solar panels - and supply free electricity the whole house day and night. Even in the absence of solar panels, this backup power it is especially valuable for the house if the electricity was turned off in the quarter. The computer and all equipment will continue to work quietly.

The second version of the Powerwall stores up to 13.5 kWh, which should be enough for several hours (standard power is 5 kW, and 7 kW at the peak). The only problem is that the original version from Tesla costs as much as $5,500 (plus $700 for related equipment, total $ 6200, plus installation costs from $ 800 to $ 2000) - very expensive. DIY makers have solved this problem with used batteries, which are free in discarded laptops.

With your own hands you can assemble a block with the best performance than Tesla (for example, by 30-100 kWh) - and much cheaper.

DIY build enthusiasts share their experiences on dedicated DIY Powerwalls forums, in Facebook group And on YouTube. A special section on the forums is devoted to safety - this is an important aspect when you collect such a powerful thing that can also catch fire on the street (they are usually installed outside the house so as not to violate the law and for safety).

For makers, assembling and connecting such a power supply is not only an interesting activity and saving money, but also an opportunity to figure out how an electrician works in a house.

Almost all enthusiasts in the comments mother board noted that their own systems are much larger than Tesla's. It's likely that the company sacrificed capacity for a beautifully slim PSU design and for greater cooling efficiency and security. One of the French makers from the forum under the nickname Glubux assembled a 28 kWh unit. He says that this is enough for the whole house, and he even had to buy electric oven And induction cooker to use the excess energy somewhere.

Australian maker Peter Matthews assembled a 40 kWh unit that is powered by 40 solar panels on the roof, fortunately in Australia there is no shortage of sunny days.

The biggest homemade block, which was found mother board, assembled from 22,500 cells from laptops and has a capacity of more than 100 kWh. From such a block little house can work for several months - for example, all winter - even if solar panels completely out of order or inactive.

A Californian blogger Jehu Garcia intends to build a 1-megawatt system from laptop batteries, the largest such private energy storage system in the United States.

Most enthusiasts use when assembling lithium-ion batteries Model 18650. They are usually packaged in colored plastic cases and installed in laptops and other electronics. New 18650 batteries cost about $5 apiece, so the system will be slightly cheaper than the Tesla model. Therefore, collectors usually buy used batteries and remove batteries from discarded broken laptops. Unfortunately, many people simply throw away batteries with a broken laptop, even though they are still fully functional. According to the director of Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling company in the US, about 95% of batteries are not reused but end up in a landfill, although almost all types of batteries can be reused in one form or another.

Finding a sufficient amount of discarded equipment is not so easy, but in Lately became even more difficult because many people began to collect their own energy systems like the Powerwall, and laptop manufacturers don't encourage recycling their batteries at all. homemade technique not their company.

After finding the batteries, they are tested, then "updated" through cycling with a full discharge. Then the batteries are combined into "packages". Such boxes for hundreds of batteries can be bought on the market or assembled by yourself. Electrically conductive copper "tires" are attached to the top (

Hello to all readers of InventKi! In the vastness of YouTube, we came across an interesting channel of the jack-of-all-trades Alexander Polunyakh, who easily makes a battery at home. Batteries are made from aluminum fizzy drink cans, graphite rods, salt water, and charcoal chips. Their power is enough to light up an LED or a small light bulb.

Materials for making a homemade battery

Materials for making batteries at home

To make two batteries you will need the following:

Two aluminum cans with a capacity of 500 ml. Two graphite rods. Coal chips or dust (fine charcoal chips left over from a fire will do). A piece of foam up to 1 cm thick. Paraffin candles. Salt and one liter of water. LED bulb or tester to determine the voltage that the battery produces. Several wires for connecting homemade batteries to led light bulb. sharp knife which can cut thin...

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Homemade battery from improvised means

A battery or galvanic cell is a chemical source of electric current. All batteries sold in stores, in fact, have the same design. They use two electrodes different composition. The main element for the negative terminal (anode) of saline and alkaline batteries is zinc, and for their positive (cathode) manganese. The cathode of lithium batteries is made of lithium, and a wide variety of materials are used for the anode.

An electrolyte is located between the electrodes of the batteries. Its composition is different: for salt batteries with the lowest resource, ammonium chloride is used. Alkaline batteries use potassium hydroxide, while lithium batteries use an organic electrolyte.

When the electrolyte interacts with the anode, an excess of electrons is formed near it, which creates a potential difference between the electrodes. When closing electrical circuit number of electrons due to...

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The disadvantage of the "lemon" battery is that it gives a small current. In order to build a more powerful device, you need a few lemons and a few pieces of wire. But you can rummage through the shed and find other things from which you can also make a power source. Try to make a simple galvanic cell like Leclanchet. Pairs of electrodes in this case can be pairs of zinc-copper, aluminum-copper plates. The larger their area, the better. Solder the wires to the electrodes. If you have an aluminum plate, the wire will have to be wound or riveted to it. You will also need the most ordinary glass glasses. Immerse a pair of electrodes in a glass so that they do not touch each other. You can put a plastic or wooden spacer between them. Prepare a solution for 100 g of water - 50 g of ammonia (ammonium chloride), or a 20% solution of sulfuric acid. Acid must be poured into water, and not vice versa. Carefully pour the solution into the vessel with electrodes so that up to the edge of the vessel and up to ...

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Translated by SaorY for mozgochiny.ru

Hello again to all brainers! Today I will tell you how to make a battery yourself and from improvised materials!

AA batteries are widely used cylindrical batteries with a nominal value of about 1.5V, about 49-50mm in length and 13.5-14.5mm in diameter. They are easy to make on your own, and the very manufacture of this homemade brain can serve as an excellent visual aid for explaining physical and chemical processes to children.

Step 1: Materials and Tools

corrugated cardboard copper flat washers with a diameter of 10 mm - 12 pcs. zinc flat washers with a diameter of 10mm - 14-16pcs. heat-shrink tubing distilled water - 120ml vinegar - 30ml salt- 4 tablespoons. soldering iron and solder bowl for mixing solution digital multimeter scissors sandpaper needle nose pliers lighter or hot air gun old AA battery for verification

...

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It turns out that the batteries that we buy in the store are quite simple to do with our own hands at home.
To do this, we need copper coins, vinegar, salt, cardboard, foil and two wires with tips.

And the way we make our battery.

1. First you need to clear the coins. We put copper coins in a jar and fill it with vinegar. Add salt to it as well. After 30 minutes, the coins will be cleaned and become like new.

2. We take a sheet of cardboard and circle the coin 8-10 times.

3. Cut out cardboard coins.

4. Put them in a jar and pour vinegar again, leave for a while.

5. Take a sheet of foil. We fold several times until the folded foil takes the shape of a square, which is slightly over size coin.

6. On the resulting “square” of foil, we circle the coin.

7. And this time we cut out the “coins” from the foil.

8. We begin to collect our battery. We put first copper coin, on top of a circle of cardboard, then a circle of ...

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Nowadays, we cannot imagine life without an electric battery, they are everywhere. The power of modern batteries is growing and the size is getting smaller and smaller. The basic principle of batteries is chemical reaction! Their types are different, they are both alkaline and dry, and many others!

So how do you make a battery? We need two different metals, as the first we will take coins, for good contact I advise you to clean them up to flat surface, take the same foil (foil from a pack of cigarettes will not work), you can use a simple kitchen one.

In order for the current to begin to flow, acid and salt are needed, at home we have 70% acetic acid, but it will need to be salted (do not spare the salt). And finally, we need a sheet of blotting paper, you can take a thick fabric, but not with every fabric, so be careful when choosing!

Let's start cutting out circles from foil and paper, do everything neatly and evenly, the first layer is a coin, after we moisten the round pieces of paper in our vinegar-salt solution and put it on a coin after ...

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Homemade battery

Hello my curious reader! Our old friend is with us again, who knows a lot of stories about electric homemade products. Here is his new story.

Do you understand that batteries can not only be bought at a kiosk? You know, I did not forget the lessons of physics and tried to invent a battery from what is lying around at hand.

And under our hands we found: 4 copper wire in isolation, 3 china goblets, table salt NaCl, and plain tap water. We also need foil, electrical tape.

Take a copper wire, all 4 pieces, and sharpen their ends one at a time. Then we wrap the foil around all the ends of the wires. Now, to each glass with electrical tape or adhesive tape, you can use adhesive tape, stick it along the wire and lower their edges there. It turns out one jumper connects two glasses, and the wires stick out a little longer from the extreme ones. In short, it turned out to be a chain, and like two ends stick out in a battery.

Now let's pour salt water into glasses and connect to ...

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An article on how to make a simple DC battery from a glass of salted water.

How to make a simple battery with your own hands? It turns out to be very simple, all you need is aluminum and zinc strips, shielded wire, simple metal clamps, as well as a sealed plastic container, salt and plain water. The use of all these items should be quite sufficient to create a battery capable of generating electricity. The current capacity of this battery is enough to operate such simple devices such as LCD clock.

So, we take a plastic container, even an ordinary one will do for this. a plastic cup. On opposite sides of the cup we attach metal strips. Zinc on one side and aluminum on the other. Fill the glass with water in such a way that the strips are almost completely ...

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Some more theory:
The battery case, which is made of zinc, can be covered with cardboard or plastic on the outside. Inside the case are chemicals in the form of a paste, and some batteries have a carbon rod in the middle. If the power of the battery drops, it means that the chemicals have been used up and the battery is no longer able to produce electricity.

2 step

Actually, the electricity in the battery is produced by combining aluminum, salt and copper.

3 step

So let's get started!
To make a battery, you first need to clean the coins with a cleaning agent. Next, circle 6 circles on the foil and napkin and cut them out. Carefully strip the ends of the wires with wire cutters or a knife. Twist the veins. Attach one wire to the coin with electrical tape (scotch tape), and the other to the foil mug. Immerse the paper circle in the warm saline solution. Then put the wire with a circle of foil in a saucer. Put a wet paper circle on it, put a coin on top. Overlay...

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Consider creating and powering up a simple solar circuit. We need:

Conductors. Soldering iron. Transistors. Installation panel.

Define base of elements. Let's choose the silicon transistor parts of the series under the number KT801. They are easy to install and will not damage the single crystal components of the circuit. Before installation, remove the cover from them with pliers.

Set up the parameters. At daylight they should produce 0.53 volts with a negative collector and emitter, but with a positive base.
We find out the power of transistors, depending on the year of manufacture, it can vary greatly.

Powerful battery

Below is a drawing that serves to create a battery that can power big house or a large apartment.

You will need:

Plywood...

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Getting electricity from alternative sources nutrition is a very expensive undertaking. For example, the use of solar energy when buying ready-made equipment will have to spend a significant amount of money. But nowadays it is possible to assemble solar panels with your own hands for a summer residence or a private house from ready-made photovoltaic cells or other improvised materials. And before you start buying the necessary components and designing the structure, you need to understand what a solar battery is and how it works.

Solar battery: what is it and how does it work

People who are faced with this task for the first time immediately have questions: “How to assemble a solar battery?” or "How to make a solar battery?". But having studied the device and the principle of its operation, the problems with the implementation of this project disappear by themselves. After all, the design and principle of operation are simple and should not cause difficulties when creating a power source at home.

Solar battery(SB) is...

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5 ways to charge your battery at home

Often we miss good shots in the forest or at sea, we can be late or stumble in the dark, because we suddenly ran out of battery simple battery from a camera, watch or flashlight. When exactly the charge will be used up, it is difficult to say, except that this is not a Duracell model with an indicator. But don't despair! Thanks to a few tips, you can avoid unpredictable situations and take the intended photographs from a digital camera, find out exact time, illuminate the road, etc. In this article, we will show you how to charge batteries at home without a charger, which will make life much easier in unpredictable situations.

Be aware that to charge alkaline batteries, you can use a special charger that can relatively quickly restore a discharged object. But each charge session will reduce its life by about 1/3. In addition, leakage is possible.

Note! AT...

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One way to cut costs utilities is the use of solar panels. Such a battery can be made and installed with your own hands.

What is a solar panel and what is it used for?

A solar battery is a device whose principle of operation is based on the ability of photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electricity. These converters are interconnected in common system. received electricity accumulates in special devices - batteries.

The larger the area of ​​the panels, the more electrical energy available

The power of the solar battery depends on the size of the field of photocells. But this does not mean that only large areas capable of generating the required amount of electricity. For example, well-known calculators can use portable solar panels that are built into their case.

Advantages and disadvantages

The benefits of solar panels...

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1. Copper sheet from a hardware store. It usually stands somewhere
150 rub. for 0.9 square meter. We need about 45 sq. cm.
2. Two crocodile clips.

3. A sensitive micro-ammeter that can measure gaps
between 10 and 50 microamps. Radio Shack sells small multimeters
with an LCD monitor, but you can use a regular one.

4. Electric oven. My kitchen stove is gas, so I bought
small electric stove with one spiral for about 750
rub. Small 700 watt burners probably won't work - don't
less than 1100 watts for the burner to turn red.
5. Plastic bottle with cut neck. I used a 2 liter mineral water bottle.
6. Table salt. We need a couple of tablespoons.
7. Tap water.
8. Sandpaper or a drill with such a nozzle (abrasive)
9. Sheet metal.
Manufacturing.
Here is the burner.
...

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More and more people are striving to purchase houses located far from the centers of civilization. There are many reasons for this, the main of which is probably environmental. It's no secret that the intensive development of industry is detrimental to the state of environment. But when buying such a house, you may encounter a lack of electricity, without which life in the twenty-first century can hardly be imagined.

The problem of providing energy to a building located far from the centers of civilization can be solved by installing a wind generator. However, this method is far from ideal. In order for the electricity to be enough for the whole house, it will be necessary to install a large windmill or several, but even in this case, the energy supply will be episodic, absent in calm weather.

To ensure the stability of the energy supply at home, effective solution is the joint use of a wind generator and a solar battery, but, to ...

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To work on a homemade one, you will need a sheet of aluminum foil, plastic bag for garbage, graphite powder, bandage, strip of paper.

Battery progress

Lay a strip of foil over the bag. To seal and strengthen the place of contact with the wire, add a small strip of foil. Next, put the paper strip on the previously created "sandwich" of foil and bag. On top of all this, put a bandage and pour graphite powder. Finally, we complete the basic work by placing another aluminum plate on top of the graphite powder. Again, add a small strip of foil for contact strength.

Relatively tightly wrap all the strips in a sausage. Let's wrap up the received homemade battery tape or rubber band so that the whole structure does not fall apart. It remains only to immerse the battery in an acid or alkaline solution. Then the actual set of metal parts, graphite and a package will turn into a battery. But you can also use saline. This is the easiest way to get fast and cheap results. But the voltage and current in this battery will be less than in the acid or alkaline version. Three of these batteries can easily support a small radio. Watch the video for all the details of creating a battery with your own hands.

The first lead-acid battery was invented and tested by French physicist Gaston Plante. He twisted two lead plates into a roll, after laying a separating cloth between them. The roll was placed in a vessel and filled with salt water. As a result, if you apply voltage to the plates, then it is charged. And then, if you connect a light bulb to it, or something else, then for some time it could give the stored energy to the burning of this light bulb. Also, after charging, the energy in such a battery could be stored without loss for a long time. This marked the beginning of an era lead acid batteries.

But the most main disadvantage such a roll battery, it is a small capacity. Later it was found that if such a battery is charged and discharged several times changing the polarity (+ -), then the capacity increases. This is due to the fact that a layer of lead oxide formed on the plates, and the plates softened, becoming like a sponge. The acid could now penetrate deeper into the plates, allowing more lead to enter the chemical process.

These charge-discharge cycles, changing plus to minus and back, were called plate forming. To build up a thick layer of lead oxide, a lot of energy and time had to be expended. But later, one young man who worked as an assistant to Plante decided to do things differently. He decided to immediately apply lead oxide to the plates, thus he immediately got a more capacious battery. Subsequently, this technology has been slightly improved. They began to make lead gratings, which were smeared with lead oxide in the form of a paste. A paste was prepared from lead oxide, to which a little water or electrolyte was added and stirred until a thick consistency.

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After more than 100 years, the technology for manufacturing batteries has not changed in principle. In production, lead gratings are also made by casting or stamping, and smeared with a paste consisting of lead oxide, plus additional additives that prevent the paste from disintegrating and give other desired properties. Also, the spacers between the plates are made of modern materials, which prevents the spread from falling out of the gratings and prevents the plates from closing to each other. In every factory, and for various types batteries (traction, starter, etc.) have their own subtleties, but in general the technology is the same.

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Now you can think about whether you can do lead acid battery at home, so that it is profitable and effective. First of all, it's about lead, where can I get it? In unusable batteries, but if one car battery is melted down, then the output will be only about 1.5 kg of lead, and it will become clear that it is not profitable to extract lead in this way. In order to melt all the lead contained in the battery, part of which is in the form of oxide, sulfate and other elements that are contained in the grating, then a melting furnace and additional chemistry and conditions are needed, so at home on a fire it will turn out tin lead and a whole heap of slag.

Then you can buy lead, there is sheet lead, and in ingots, it is not expensive. If you make it from sheet lead, then you can roughly estimate the cost of one battery. If you delve into the literature, you can find out that from one square meter of plate area you can get a capacity of about 5-10Ah. Then for one can with a capacity of 50-100Ah, 10 sq.m of lead is needed. Since 6 cans are needed for 12 volts, about 60 square meters of lead are needed, respectively. The thinnest sheets on sale are 0.5 mm, the weight of one square meter of such a lead sheet is 5.7 kg. Since the sheet area works on both sides, it means that we need not 60 sq.m, but 30 sq.m for the battery. Then it turns out that a battery with a capacity of 50-100 Ah needs 30 * 5.7 \u003d 171 kg of lead, the cost for 1 kg is about 150 rubles, and the price for lead alone will be about 25,000 rubles, which is 5-6 times more expensive than a factory battery with a capacity of 100Ah.

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It is possible to increase the capacity of the plates by molding, by means of charging and discharging, swapping plus and minus, but it is not known how many cycles need to be done to significantly increase the capacity. Plante molded the plates with electricity for three months. During this time, a lot of energy will be spent on molding, and as a result, the battery will only rise in price. From all this it is clear that it is not economically profitable to make a battery from sheet lead.

Yes, by the way, at the expense of the durability of the battery with sheet lead plates. Such a battery will last much longer, since the plates are solid and from deep discharges, high discharge currents, the smear will not leave, which simply does not exist, but the sulfation of the plates will be exactly the same as that of a conventional battery, therefore, in fact, this one is longer than usual. the battery will not last. True, it can be disassembled and cleaned from white plaque(sulfate) and he can continue to work.

The problem is that sheet lead does not have an oxide layer, or rather, it does, because of it the lead becomes dark gray color but this layer is too thin. Oxide is lead oxidized by oxygen, it is obtained in different ways in production. But at home, this dust is difficult to obtain. Of course, you can try to moisten the plates with water so that they oxidize on fresh air, but what oxide layer can be built up in this way and how long it will take is not known, so you can forget about a rolled battery made of lead sheet.

A good battery will turn out if you use lead foil instead of plates. So you can increase the area several times with the same weight, but you can’t make foil at home, and there is no pure lead foil on sale, and it would cost several times more than sheet lead of the same weight. So a good option with foil disappears. Or set up a rolling machine at home and make foil yourself.

You can try to make plates as they do at the factory, it is not difficult to cast gratings. They are thick and the casting mold is easy to make. But the problem is in the spread, because it consists of lead oxide, but how to make it at home. For example, something to erase lead into dust, or small chips, then pour it with water or electrolyte and constantly mix it in some kind of container so that it oxidizes on oxygen, but this is difficult and pointless to do at home, since the finished battery will come out much cheaper.

That's probably all I wanted to say in a nutshell. For myself, I concluded that DIY lead battery possible, but time-consuming and not profitable, so in this case, you can safely put a big and bold point. Also, reading a lot of information about other types of batteries, I came to the conclusion that nothing normal at home and using available and cheap materials will not work. If you have questions or any conclusions, please leave comments.

The sun is a huge and stable source of energy, it would be foolish not to use it. The power emitted by the sun is 1000 W / m². you won't be able to use all the power, but you will be able to use some of it. With the help of photocells, you can collect up to 140 W from each m².

Solar panels are several solar cells that convert solar energy into electricity.

What is the structure of a solar battery? These are one or more solar cells that convert solar energy into electricity.

Electricity is getting more expensive every day and will continue to grow in price. Now companies are looking for new sources of energy and trying to manufacture them. One of the most popular such sources is solar panels. Every day there are more and more chargers based on solar panels. They are used at home, in the office, in industry. Solar energy is being used more and more.

Advantages of a solar battery

1. Durability. Such an energy source will work for you for a very long time, so when you purchase a solar battery, you sign a long-term contract with it.
2. Simple building. You can make a battery yourself at home, there is nothing difficult in this. Below are instructions on how to do this.
3. Little weight. Due to the peculiarities of their design and the material used, solar panels weigh little, which is a huge plus in some industries.
4. Amenable to repair. Batteries of this kind break quite rarely, but if they do, they can be easily repaired.
5. Environmental friendliness. Solar panels are environmentally friendly, they use an inexhaustible resource - sunlight. In addition to environmental friendliness, they have another advantage - noiselessness.

You need to know that such an energy source is not ideal, it also has disadvantages. First, solar panels are quite expensive. Second, they take up a lot of space. Thirdly, they need careful care - batteries react to dirt, they must always be kept clean. Fourth, depending on the weather and time of day. You can get solar energy only if the weather is favorable and during the daytime. On overcast and cloudy days, battery power can be reduced by 10 times. Fifth, low efficiency. It is about 10 to 25%.

At the moment, there are several factories in Russia that produce solar panels, but you can make them yourself at home. They won't be as powerful as professional makers, but they might work for the home.

The structure of the solar battery

The main function on which the structure of the solar battery depends is the generation of energy.

The basis of the battery is photocells, which must be connected in series and in parallel. The most popular solar cells are made from silicon. There is a huge amount of silicon in the reserves of our planet, but the process of its purification is very costly, which causes difficulties. An alternative to silicon is copper, selenium, indium, organic solar cells, etc. One solar cell has a very small power, it is not suitable for industrial use, so the elements are connected together, thereby increasing their power and efficiency. The resulting "bundle" of elements is very fragile, so it is covered protective layer(glass, film, plastic). All together and forms a solar battery.

The main characteristic of a battery is its capacity. It is formed depending on the current and voltage in the battery. The parallel connection of the plates is responsible for the magnitude of the current, and their sequence is responsible for the voltage. It is also possible to connect not only the plates inside the battery, but also the batteries themselves.

If we describe each level of the photocell, starting from the base, it will look like this:

• metal substrate;
• silicon;
• anti-reflective coating;
• conductor plates.

The battery will look different:

• frame;
• photocell;
• anti-reflective sheet;
• protective covering.

Make a solar battery with your own hands without effort

Have you ever tried to build your own energy source at home? It's time to try it.

So that the solar battery at home brings you the greatest benefit, it should be exposed to sunlight as long as possible.

You also need to use batteries that will collect energy. Homemade batteries will be useful to you when traveling, when you go out into nature, and at home.

There are several ways to craft solar source home energy.

The first way is pretty simple. You will need to purchase solar modules. They can be ordered online. Modules may not be the most good quality, to build a battery, any will do. Look, maybe there are a couple of modules in your home.

If you plan to consume solar energy only in good weather, then the battery is not needed, the energy source will be the sun. Be careful when building - the modules are very fragile! A strong finger pressure on the module is enough to crack it and go to the trash can.

The number of modules you need depends on the required battery power and where it will be used in the future. Take the modules and solder them on a flat table in several identical chains. Solder the chains together so that you get a rectangular sheet of modules. For example: 3 rows of 5 modules each. Fasten the protective layer on top, suitable ordinary glass. Take care of the base of the battery too, use plywood, plastic sheet or something else. Fasten the resulting modular sheet together with the base and protective layer. For this, ordinary construction tape is suitable. Important Rule: do not press your battery, make sure that there is a small gap between the module, the base and the protective glass. Next, install the block on the structure and stretch the wires there.

You should not press the battery too hard, you need to make sure that there is a small gap between all the elements.

The next method is also quite simple and practical. It was described above how to make a battery at home from modules, and now another option will be offered - how to make a battery from diodes.

Choose D223B diodes, they have many advantages over the rest. Firstly, they are cheap, a box of 100 pieces costs 130 rubles. Secondly, the paint is easily removed from them. You need to hold them quite a bit in acetone, and then wipe them with a rag, and the paint will come off. Thirdly, they are compact. Your design will take up little space and will be convenient for transportation. Fourth, these diodes have a good voltage - about 350 mV in direct sunlight. Look at your home, diodes could have been with you for a long time.

Start by cleaning the paint off the diodes, dip them in acetone and let them sit for a while. Under these conditions, the paint will get wet, and then you can easily remove it. While preparing the basis for the battery. Take a plastic plate, the width should be such that in the future you can make holes in this plate.

Take a sheet in a cage, draw a diagram and observe the scale. Better to do 1:1. The cage can be 5x5 mm, 10x10 mm, no longer worth it. The schema must have next view: the trailing rows must be solid, i.e. simply connect the top and bottom row in series. The rows between the trailing ones will be different. Rows 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 6 and 7, and so on will be connected in the center, forming a square one cell in size. Now we need to return to the diodes, which are soaked in acetone. Carefully remove them and clean off the paint. Using a voltmeter, determine where the positive of the diode is. Bend the positive terminal to make a hook. Make holes in the plastic plate according to the diagram, and then thread the diodes into these holes and solder them. The battery is ready, you can test it with a voltmeter.

Such homemade solar panels will definitely find application in everyday life, make your life more comfortable and reduce costs. Making a solar panel at home is not difficult. Assembly takes about an hour.