What is better to choose: an impact drill or a hammer drill. What is the difference between a drill and a perforator

During the construction repair work ah very often there is a need to drill a hole of a certain diameter in concrete or brick wall, in the floor, on the ceiling. To do this, repairmen use a hammer drill or drill. The hammer and drill are identical in many functions, but still significant differences can be found between them.

A puncher and a drill are used to perform different operations. The drill bit is designed for gouging holes in the surface of the wall, ceiling. The drill bit is used for drilling an appropriate recess. For a drill and a puncher, drills of various diameters are used.

Are there any differences between a drill and a hammer drill?

The first thing that expresses this difference- this existing percussion device mechanism. The puncher has the most complicated electropneumatic or electromechanical device. Most often electro-pneumatic, as it guarantees a higher degree of reliability in the operation of the tool. In a rotary hammer, the engine is driven by a crank device or a spherical bearing. The piston of the device through the drummer gives energy to the drill, crown, chisel, drill. This results in a hole in the surface.

The impact mechanism of a drill can be described more simply. The working mechanism is based on two ratchet. One ratchet is combined with the body, and the other with the cartridge. The chuck starts moving when the drill is turned on. Between the ratchets there is a special stopper. Therefore, when the mode is off, the mechanism does not work.

When the drill mode is on, the ratchets move away and interact with the surface on which it is required to make a hole of a given diameter. The impact properties of a drill and a hammer drill differ due to different purposes tools. The puncher is used for gouging, and the drill is for drilling holes in hard surfaces.

Drill. 1- Cartridge. 2- Reducer. 3-Electric motor. 4- Start button. 5- Mode switch button. 6- Housing. 7- Induction rings or chokes. 8-Condenser. 9 - Network cable.

The second difference between a drill and a hammer drill is functional purpose of tools. The rotary hammer is designed to perform three main working operations: for a simple blow in the mode of a jackhammer, for the normal activation of the rotation system without engaging the impact mechanism, and for rotation performed in parallel with blows.

The perforator is designed not only for drilling, but also for chasing the surface of walls, ceilings, floors. It is also used to chisel niches in stone surfaces. They can also chip off excess materials from walls, floors, ceilings.
The drill will only be used to drill a recess of a given size in a concrete or brick surface of a wall or other surface. There are two modes of operation of the drill: hammerless drilling mode and impact drilling mode.

The third difference between a drill and a hammer drill is tool performance indicator.

Using a hammer drill when drilling hard stone surfaces will be more appropriate than a drill. The performance index of a hammer drill is many times higher than that of an impact drill. The impact energy of the drill is small. Usually, to increase it, a certain pressing force on the tool is necessary. When working with a puncher, this force is not necessary. Naturally, the perforator is more powerful.

Fourth: puncher and drill are different all kinds of devices and their fasteners. Devices for a perforator are drills, chisels, crowns and strobers. Drill attachments are drills coated with a special coating of Pobedit. Perforator devices have freedom in relation to the cartridge, which allows you to adjust the load on it when striking. The diameter of all these devices for puncher and drill is different.

The fifth difference between a puncher and a drill is tool life. The puncher serves much more than a drill. Drill with frequent use for holding shock work quickly fails.

The sixth distinguishable difference between a hammer drill and a drill is the workflow itself. When working with a puncher, you need to lightly press it. You need to press the drill two to three times harder. It is, of course, easier to create the necessary impact energy using a perforator. A hammer drill always vibrates less in the hands of a builder working with it than a drill. It is easier for them to work when arranging any object from scratch. Therefore, a puncher is used for rough repair work. Carrying out finishing Finishing work, you can get by with a drill.

A small conclusion

A puncher will always be used during construction and repair work for chasing a socket group and a lighting group for wiring, for chasing wall surfaces for boxes, sockets, and switches. In ordinary household needs, for example, when hanging shelves and cabinets, you can get by with a drill. In any case, experienced builders-repairers will always know which tool to use in which situation. The perforator is ideal if necessary to drill, chisel stone, concrete surfaces. For small household repair a simple drill will always work.

Not every master understands how a drill differs from a hammer drill; no less questions arise when choosing and buying a tool. At first glance, the difference exists only in size and cost, but in fact they are two different power tools. A drill and a hammer drill have their own characteristics, their own effective area of ​​​​use and a big difference in design.

Despite the similarity of purpose, an impact drill differs from a hammer drill not only in many technical parameters, but also in the principle of operation of the impact mechanism. Design features dictate the optimal area for using the tool, and this must be understood, otherwise the equipment fails, and the result of the work is unsatisfactory.

How an impact drill works

The impact mechanism of the drill is quite simple, without any complex details. It is based on mechanical rubbing gears with conical teeth cast on them, with the help of which the rotational moment is converted into translational. Simply put, the impact is formed from slipping gears.

Impact drill device

The disadvantages of this design are the small amplitude of oscillations, which is why the impact force, in comparison with the perforator, is several times weaker. Moreover, this design leads to rapid gear wear experiencing strong friction under load.

Drilling, as the main task of any drill, does not put a serious load on the mechanism. The only point is that an overload of the motor of a low-power drill is not ruled out; during operation, the user must comply with the technical requirements.

In the passport to the tool are always indicated maximum dimensions holes, excess allowed values will provide negative impact to internal details.

The principle of operation of the perforator

In a perforator, the impact function is implemented using a mechanism of two types, the main of which is pneumatic, it is this type of drive that is able to transmit the maximum possible impact force to working equipment. The second type is mechanical, is a bit similar to the principle of operation of an impact drill, but now it is less and less common in rotary hammers due to lower efficiency and increased wear of parts.

It is very simple to understand what type of mechanism a perforator has - an unloaded pneumatic tool does not produce percussion movements, unlike a mechanical one, where during operation the impact is carried out regardless of the working position. This can be determined even visually, when idling.

Pneumatic impact has become widespread among professional, semi-professional and solid household tool. This type of mechanism increases the cost of the punch, but from a practical point of view, it is more profitable. Gear wear during mechanical shock will inevitably lead to repair, or rather, replacement of parts, when the teeth are worn out, the impact gradually weakens and disappears.

In this way, concrete or brick work- This is the main function for any puncher. The difference is that the best option models with a pneumatic drive will become, and tools with a mechanical impact have a shorter resource and are intended for rare household work.

Perforator modifications

Perforators can be divided into two large groups by type of engine location:

• horizontal;
• vertical.

Horizontal perforator

Models with horizontal arrangement engine possess less weight and inferior to the "vertical" in all the main characteristics: power, impact force. Horizontal modifications almost always contain a reverse function, and the key is rarely located in the usual place on the button. There are models where the reverse is displayed with a separate key or slider on the brush assembly of the collector, in the ventilation holes of which sparks can be observed. Vertical engine increases the productivity of the tool, which makes it possible to drill deep holes large diameter.

Vertical perforator

There is another modification of perforators - this is industrial models with chuckSDS-MAX. Despite the name "hammer drill", it is actually a lightweight and compact version of a jackhammer. Such tools can be used for normal work, ordinary drills are installed through the SDS + / SDS-MAX adapter, but they are too heavy and powerful.

Power factor for drills and rotary hammers

The power of impact drills mainly varies between 500 and 1050 watts. The most common versions with characteristics from 600 to 800 W, this is due to their low cost. But it is reasonable to prefer an inexpensive hammer drill to more powerful models: at a similar cost, the efficiency of the impact force of the drill will be much lower.

The power range of horizontal perforators is from 700 to 1000 W, and vertical - up to 1500 W. The average impact force is 3 J, and for top models industrial grade more higher.

Exists misconception that power directly determines the performance of the perforator . It is not uncommon for a model with a good indicator drilling power is weaker than a less powerful counterpart. In addition to the number of watts, the quality of work impact strength is affected, measured in joules (J). No less important is such a characteristic as the number of strokes per minute, it is it that determines the drilling speed. All these indicators are always indicated in the instructions, and you should pay attention to them.

When two instruments are presented to the buyer with the same values watts and joules, performance will be determined precisely by the frequency of beats per minute.

With a drill, on the contrary, power is a factor that determines performance. In addition, the higher the indicator, the larger the diameter it can drill, the longer it can work without interruption.

The main purpose of the tools

Each tool has its own optimal area of ​​use. An impact drill or hammer drill is designed for certain types of work, but they are similar in their functionality, and sometimes they can replace each other.

Design features directly determine the available range of work for a particular model. Accordingly, the purchase of a tool should be based not only on technical parameters, but also on the needs of the user.

Hammer drill functionality

Impact electric drills perform several functions:

• drilling wood, metal, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics;
• tightening self-tapping screws (if there is a reverse);
• drilling concrete and brick.

Despite the fact that almost all models currently produced have the function of impact drilling in their arsenal, this does not mean at all that they are able to replace a hammer drill. This is due to the fact that the main task of the drill is conventional drilling, so its design is not designed for continuous shock loads when drilling concrete. In a word, the impact function of the drill is just an additional option designed for one-time short-term use.

Reverse allows you to twist and unscrew the screws, but the lack of torque setting, like a screwdriver, makes the function secondary. With experience and skill, a drill can only partially replace a corded screwdriver.

The main purpose of the perforator

In contrast to the impact drill, the main task of the hammer drill is to hammer drilling and chiselling(works on concrete, brick). To implement these functions, the puncher has more robust design which allows the tool to easily endure continuous shock loads. Due to the implementation of a significantly greater impact force, all work performed is carried out easier and faster.

Naturally, horizontal and vertical perforators scope is slightly different. This is due to different technical characteristics, therefore, the capabilities of the tools also differ.

Horizontal versions perforators according to their technical data are convenient for use at home or in the country. In professional conditions, they are purchased for intensive drilling of holes up to 16 mm in diameter and less than 30 cm in length. Light weight will allow you to operate the tool for a long time on weight, for example, when installing doors or stretch ceilings.

Rotary Hammers used for laying pipes or chasing. Tools of this class are much more expensive and are purchased exclusively for highly specialized work. Industrial models SDS-MAX are used for concrete chiselling, for example, when it is necessary to make a door or window opening in the wall.

Perforator Spit 390 SDS Max

Drill attachment types

The drill chuck of the impact drill allows the installation of standard drills with a cylindrical shank. They are used for drilling various materials such as wood or glass. The cartridges themselves are of two types - keyless, they are also called quick-clamping cartridges, and cartridges where the drill is fastened by tightening with a special key.

The advantage of this type of chuck is that they can clamp small diameter drills, up to 0.8 mm. At the same time, the equipment is fixed evenly, without distortions, and there are practically no vibrations during operation. The disadvantage of this design is the relatively limited tooling diameter of up to 13 mm.

On sale there are "consumables" of a larger diameter with a fit of 13 mm, but they are more expensive and are less common than standard ones. There are cartridges bigger size, but they are mainly installed on slow-speed drills that do not have a hammer function.

There are cases when, under load, the drill starts to stop, while the cartridge continues to rotate. The reason lies in the fact that there are no “hooks” in the cam chuck, and the cylindrical shank of the drill is smooth. The drill chuck is designed for conventional drills only, adapters for drills does not exist.

Perforator attachment type

Unlike an impact drill, the punch tool is attached to the drill chuck in a different way. To do this, the mount is provided special latch, securely fixing the drill in the chuck. To install the “consumable”, you need to attach the drill shank to the cartridge and press lightly, when the tool snaps into place, you can hear a characteristic click. To extract the drill, it is necessary to press on the moving part of the cartridge and remove the equipment, but there are also such cartridges where you need not to press, but to turn it to the side.

The type of fasteners calledSDS, and is divided into two categories: SDS-MAX, this mount is most often found on industrial grade tools, and the more common SDS +, which is equipped with almost all light and medium hammers. Also included in the package of light models as an addition is a drill chuck of the same system as that of an impact drill. Install it in the punch chuck through a special adapter.

The drill chuck greatly expands the capabilities of the rotary hammer, allowing you to use conventional drills with a cylindrical shank. Moreover, any model can replace impact drill, but only suitable for rough work.

When choosing an adapter for a cartridge, you need to pay attention to its marking and type of cartridge. The fit and thread pitch of the cartridges are different (20UNF, 24UNF, B16 or others), they are not interchangeable, therefore the 24UNF adapter will not fit the B16 or 20UNF cartridge. For cartridges SDS + and SDS-MAX use different drills, with a corresponding shank. They are easy to distinguish visually, the SDS-MAX fit is much wider than the SDS +, but there are various rig adapters on sale.

conclusions

Construction and specifications impact drill and hammer drill indicate that this different instruments and one cannot be said to be better than the other. Need to use them by appointment, based on the parameters and specific task, and if drilling for a powerful puncher - easy job, then drilling concrete with a drill leads to rapid wear.

The most successful, thoughtful and universal tool – horizontal puncher. It is able to replace an impact drill, perform a number of drilling tasks in various materials. When it is necessary to make a choice in favor of one tool, the choice is obvious.

There are many different tools on the market today, so it can be difficult to choose the right tool for a particular job. What is an impact drill, every master knows. This special kind tool for punching any building materials.

Impact drills look like regular drills that anyone who does their own repairs have, but their design includes a special mechanism that causes the drill to make pushing, hammer-like movements during operation. Such an effect is simply necessary for the implementation of work with brick, concrete and other stone materials.

When should you use an impact drill?

At of this type Power tools usually have a switch that allows you to select between drilling mode and hammer drilling mode. When you are working in conventional drilling, then the impact drill can be used to solve any tasks that are usually performed by a simple drill. In hammer drilling mode, such a tool is used in working with stone surfaces. So if the mode is chosen correctly, an impact drill can make a hole in almost any material. If stone surfaces are to be drilled during repairs, a hammer drill should be available.

This type of power tool is constantly used by professionals to install switchboards and other items of equipment for brick and concrete walls. Home craftsmen use them for many jobs, mainly when hanging shelves and cabinets from stone walls.

Impact drill in working with various materials

These days, many people are moving away from traditional corded drills in favor of modern, cordless ones. However, this approach does not always pay off. First, the corded tool has a stable electrical supply and will never stop in the middle of a workflow. Also, it usually has more power compared to cordless drills and, accordingly, its area of ​​\u200b\u200bapplication is wider.

An impact drill usually runs at a higher RPM (1100-3000 RPM) than conventional corded drills (up to 850 RPM). The extra speed makes it more suitable for special jobs. And although the master may have many cordless drills, most of them set the impact drill to normal drilling mode and use sanding drums, wire brushes and polishers, connecting them as a drive.

Also, an impact drill in this mode can be used with hole saws. And when performing such tasks (reaming holes), compared to cordless or compact corded drills, the large size makes it more stable, easy to control, which ensures better work.

Impact drill or hammer drill?

If you suddenly need to drill a hole with a diameter of more than 1.5 cm, or you are working with a material that is much harder than concrete, then the power of the device described above may not be enough. In such cases, a perforator will help you.

While an impact drill operates by rotating ribbed clutch plates, a rotary hammer operates on the principle of an actual impact piston. Therefore, the rotary hammer is easier to hold in the hand and at the same time it provides more power output. However, this tool is not without drawbacks - it is much more cumbersome than the first and at the same time can only be used for stone materials.

The rotary hammers have a special SDS chuck, which can only be inserted with special SDS drills and other devices. However, they also have switches that allow you to turn off the rotation mode for crushing stone material and other similar tasks.

Perforator with SDS chuck cannot work with standard drills, i.e. it is not suitable for home use. If, however, you decide that you can not do without it - best solution will rent.

How to choose an impact drill for stone work

Most drills have a three-jaw chuck that can be used with standard drills for metal, plastic, wood (working in normal, hammerless drilling mode). Working with stone requires special tools.

The features of the stone drill are recessed notches, a hardened tip and hard inserts connected to the cutting ends. Such drills are usually 15 cm long, however, there are specimens shorter - 8 and 10 cm. The presence of a flat, pointed tip makes it possible to clearly identify this type of drill at a glance.

Stone drills designed for rotary hammers have the same design as for impact drills, but they are based on a thick shank for SDS chuck.

Cordless impact drill works without cord

Cordless 18-volt impact drills are widely available and provide enough power for concrete work. This type of tool is extremely close in functionality to standard 18 volt drills, however, it has an impact mode of operation. It can also be switched to normal drilling mode for non-stone applications. Cordless tools are usually much bulkier and heavier than regular tools, making them less comfortable to use.

It is worth noting that tool manufacturers promise to create a decent offer of compact 12-volt cordless impact drills.

How to choose an impact drill for yourself

Until you start professional activity As an electrician, your requirements for a drill are not so great, and, firstly, you should choose a corded version of the tool. In addition, if you are choosing your first drill, then an impact drill will handle all the tasks that may come before you. If you already have a conventional corded drill, but you need a tool for working with stone, then an impact drill will allow you to drill, including concrete walls.

This question is often asked by inexperienced inhabitants who purchase a tool for the home. In principle, professionals do not have such doubts, since they certainly know that behind the external similarity lies a great difference that determines the capabilities of these two tools.

The drill is originally intended for drilling holes in low-density materials - in wood, plastic, soft metals. The addition of a percussion function greatly expanded the capabilities of this tool, allowing everything else to be easily drilled into brickwork and constructions from low-quality concretes. At the same time, like hammerless drills, with the proper equipment, they are able to work with fasteners. For all their versatility, drills have rather modest dimensions and are unlike perforators. Thus, the main reasons for the popularity of impact drills among domestic consumers include their versatility, compactness and affordability.

Accordingly, hammer drills are heavier and more expensive. If we compare tools with identical power, then the weight and price advantage of rotary hammers will be obvious. For example, a thousand-watt two-speed drill Makita HP 2071 weighs 2.4 kg and costs about 5,000 rubles. With its help, you can drill holes in wood with a diameter of up to 40 mm, in steel - up to 16 mm, and by connecting the impact function, “drill” into concrete with a 20 mm drill.

For a puncher of the same powerMakita HR 4010 C you will have to pay three times more and it weighs 6.3 kg. In terms of functionality, the hammer drill is significantly inferior to the drill, since it only hammers or drills with a blow, and these two modes are unacceptable for making holes in wood and metals. But in terms of drilling concrete, the designated puncher is unrivaled, since it will “pull” not only a large diameter drill (up to 40 mm), but also a drill bit (up to 105 mm). In addition, this tool can easily replace a jackhammer and greatly facilitate the work of arranging niches and openings, laying communications, chipping off an old one. ceramic tiles etc. Of course, such a puncher is intended exclusively for professionals and is unlikely to be useful in everyday life.

However, there are “lightweights” among rotary hammers: for example, Makita HR 1830 weighs only 1.7 kg, and is inferior in price to the Makita HP 2071 impact drill. Both of these tools work in the mode of drilling and drilling with impact. Moreover, with the help of a drill, it is possible to arrange technical holes of a much larger diameter in concrete (without taking into account hardness), and in wood, and in steel.

A natural question arises: what then is the difference? First of all, the difference in power consumption: for the compared hammer drill, the power consumption is 440 W, while for the drill it is 1010 W. And this is the corresponding load on the network and the cost of paying for electricity, on the one hand, and the performance indicator, on the other.

But the main difference lies in the purpose, in particular in the main object of application of efforts. For a drill, concrete drilling is an additional option, and in the hammer drilling mode, the tool works on “self-destruction” (more on that below). A perforator, easily crushing a monolith, will not provide high accuracy in drilling holes in steel, wood and plastic. The reason for this design features percussion mechanisms of drills and hammers and cartridges used for fixing equipment.

In impact drills, the impact is generated through mechanics. Everything is extremely simple there. Two toothed ratchet in the drilling mode without impact rotate interlocked teeth as a whole. When the impact function is turned on, the internal ratchet (located closer to the engine) moves back, and the external one begins to “count” its teeth with its own. As a result, no impact energy is generated as such: the impact force is determined by the height of the teeth and the pressure exerted on the tool by the user, and the frequency of impacts is determined by the number of teeth and the speed of rotation.

This is where the “self-destruction” mentioned above comes from. No matter how strong and wear-resistant the material used to make the ratchet is, sooner or later the teeth will “merge” and the impact mechanism will finally fail.

The nature of impact in perforators is completely different. The crank mechanism converts the rotation from the engine into reciprocating movements reported to the piston. That, in turn, activates the striker, but not directly, but through air layer, which reduces the load on the piston, thereby contributing to the durability of the tool as a whole, and reduces recoil. Such an impact mechanism is three times more efficient and, of course, more reliable than a drill "ratchet". In the presented model range perforators Makita impact energy ranges from 1.3 to 19.7 J (models HR 1830 and HR 5210 C , respectively).

From the foregoing, some conclusions can already be drawn. For example, that if intensive work on drilling concrete is coming, then the impact drill will “die” pretty soon, and the “heavy” one will not overcome at all. And it is true. But don't be enamored with the versatility of the three-mode rotary hammers, which are claimed by manufacturers as jack-of-all-trades. As a rule, these are light (up to 4 kg) and medium (5-8 kg) class instruments. Such punchers, and “heavy” ones too, are equipped with quick-release chucks SDS-plus and SDS-max designed exclusively for special nozzles - drills, blades, etc. - whose shanks have quite certain form(the presence of grooves and their number). Consumables for perforators are much more expensive than conventional drills, and the use of the latter is not possible due to the specifics of the cartridges. To expand the capabilities of rotary hammers, manufacturers quite often complete their models with additional cam chucks, which are mounted in standard holders such as SDS through special adapters. In this case, the tool becomes more bulky, and the runout of the cartridge increases significantly, which does not benefit the quality. An alternative for more precise drilling are interchangeable chucks. In this case, the main SDS the chuck is easy to dismantle, and in its place, thanks to the adapted tip, a conventional cam is installed - for cylindrical drills. Example - perforatorMakita HR 2811 FTwith removable chuck SDS plus . It should be noted that such a layout is not so common yet and significantly affects the price of the instrument.

So, answering the first question, we have already noted its incorrectness. Both drills and hammers are equally good, but only in the area for which they are intended. The impact drill is optimal for drilling holes in wood, metal, plastic, brick and lightweight concrete. In addition, it can be used to work with fasteners, and at low speeds as a mixer. A hammer drill is preferable where you often have to drill and chisel concrete (and reinforced concrete) of varying degrees of density, but it will not provide precision drilling in metals and wood. Hammer drills, equivalent in power to impact drills, are significantly superior in weight and cost. When working with concrete, rotary hammers are much more reliable, more practical and more durable than impact drills. The versatility of impact drills will come in handy in domestic conditions, and rotary hammers are more “professional”. But if you live in a building made of glass and concrete, then in addition to an impact drill, it would be useful to have on hand, if not the most expensive and powerful, but a hammer drill.

When choosing a home power tool, we are more often guided by emotions than common sense. Mistakenly believing that good tool there is never too much”, amateur craftsmen acquire bulky and expensive appliances to perform simple household chores.

In order not to shoot sparrows from a cannon, consider the most popular device - an electric drill and its functional varieties:

• The drill is simple;
• Hammer drill;
• Perforator.

An impact drill looks very similar to a non-impact drill.

How is each of these tools different from the others?

The purpose of any drilling fixture is obvious. Making holes in various materials. Depending on the characteristics of the workpiece, drilling requires a certain amount of energy. different types make the operator's job easier, but there are more advanced ways to increase the efficiency of the tool.

For example - to give translational vibrations to the nozzle. Then the drill acts as a chisel or bolt. Moreover, with a classic drill, even with a diamond coating, it is impossible to drill a hole in reinforced concrete for a short time and with one copy of the nozzle.

How a simple drill works

The electric motor with the help of a gearbox transmits torque to the chuck, and then to the drill. The operator creates pressure in the direction of drilling, the drill cuts the material layer by layer with its working edges, deepening into the hole. This rule works when the material is relatively soft and pliable.

So to speak, if there is something to "cut". Otherwise, the operator's forces for translational movement may not be enough. This is the main difference conventional drill from percussion. The indisputable advantage is ease of use and the ability to perform work with high accuracy.

Hammerless electric drill with speed switch function

The presence of a speed controller adds versatility in terms of drilling various soft and fusible materials.

How an impact drill works

In addition to the usual torque, the motor of an impact drill also gives the chuck and drill a reciprocating motion. Due to this, the working edge of the drill splits the material at the point of contact, and by means of rotation removes its broken parts and removes them from the working area.