Openwork chandeliers with their own hands. DIY chandelier - an element of a unique interior

What could be more beautiful than the satisfaction of creating an original craft with your own hands, which will become bright accent in gray everyday life? We offer several simple models, the manufacture of which does not require professional skills and financial costs. Go ahead, get to work!

Every day we have to throw away empty tetra packs, but meanwhile this is an excellent basis for an openwork chandelier. We cut strips 5 cm wide, fold them into the desired shape and begin to carefully glue. So that the structure does not fall apart prematurely, it is possible to assemble it on a round piece of suitable sizes.

From disposable spoons it turns out quite a decent lampshade. We take a 5-liter plastic container and cut off the bottom. We break off the cuttings and mount the remaining parts with a glue gun on the base, imitating a pineapple peel. It is better to use a low-temperature light bulb for safety reasons.

Ordinary wooden hangers are transformed at creativity. By simply cutting them in half and placing them in a circle, we get a modernist chic lamp from the 30s era. A completely surreal option is also possible - pass a strong thread through the attachment point of the suspension and simply string the shoulders, unfolding a little.

Funny Gummi Bears are the perfect solution for a nursery. The difficulty lies in the accuracy of placing individual figures, so we recommend making a template with radial holes through which we lower the white threads. Do not try to use lollipops - these are acrylic figures!

The effect of a dense forest in the bedroom is achieved by bizarre chiaroscuro. A few stylistic roots, wire, skillful hands - and an original ball under the ceiling will plunge the room into the world of the unknown. Or gather the rhizomes, peel, dry and weave as you like. The finished product is better to varnish.

Has the drum set lost its former attractiveness and is gathering dust in the garage? From a boring musical instrument, an extravagant chandelier is mounted without any problems - fortunately, that's all fasteners originally included in the package. Original and beautiful, and most importantly - quiet!

If you are the owner of a bicycle workshop, then you probably have a container with unusable spare parts in the corner. some creativity and welding machine- you will get a unique product, similar to the ancient inventions of the crazy Mechanicus. Of course, you can’t hang it in the living room, but just right for a nightclub.

Leaky galabash (a bottle of African gourd) lends itself well to engraving. Intricate patterns, contrasting transitions of textures from shiny to matte, elegant perforations scatter ethnic ornaments of the Black Continent on the walls.

It's in the hat - a funny tandem of top hat and bowler hat creates a solid entourage of a cigar club for gentlemen. If you are not an English dandy, do not despair - an old Stetson, a bright sombrero or a straw bryl will also work. It is important not to be a hostage to sanctimonious dogmas.

Paper cups for cakes will become an elegant accent of your interior. It’s not difficult at all - we glue them two by two, straightening the bottom one, and we connect the resulting “flowers” ​​with a thread in a spiral. We cover the original night light with glue or varnish for strength.

Banal iron graters look very original above the bar counter. You need 4 tubes with electric cartridges and a meter length of 2-core wire. Do not forget about fire safety - metal shades are seriously heated.

Have your lace doilies done their job? Do not rush to part with them! We inflate a white balloon, find a brush and PVA, straighten the matter on the surface and coat it liberally. An hour later, the elegant lampshade is ready for use.

Cutlery can decorate a meal not only with serving. The spoons collected in a bundle resemble a silver tulip. And connoisseurs of Kandinsky or Dali will appreciate the avant-garde cube, constructed from knives and forks. Bon appetit!

An interesting effect in the children's room is created by small light screens in the form of a cartoon cloud. A light bulb located behind it dimly illuminates the walls without blinding the eyes. Adding some more funny clouds, we get a romantic sunset.

Several brightly glowing globes will dynamically enliven the space above the stairs. Oceans and continents will light your way - an original and charismatic solution with deep connotations. Correctly select the proportions of the unique installation and charge yourself with positive.

Don't know where to put the miscellaneous remnants of services? Drill holes in the cup and saucer, place the cartridge in the middle and connect with a hollow tie - as in a conventional lamp. White porcelain scatters light wonderfully - hang the composition over a coffee table and enjoy a fragrant drink.

A ball of yarn can be successfully used as a chandelier. Several skeins of thread, a white balloon, electrical fittings and glue - we randomly wrap the base and generously spread it with a binder. Wait until it dries completely - and a unique masterpiece is ready. They cannot play football, but the product is quite reliable.

Is it possible to do table lamp from beer cans? It turns out yes! Only a lot of them will be needed - after all, we use only valves for opening. We connect the frame of the desired shape from a rigid wire and begin to braid the base. It turns out something like a shiny chain mail. Unfortunately, the exact amount of raw materials is unknown.

Charming lamp in the shape of a cute alien animal is very easy to make. The most time-consuming process is cutting narrow paper wedges. We connect several wire rings together to get a semblance of a sphere, and with the help of adhesive tape we fasten the prepared parts in layers. Everything!

The option with pronounced charisma will appeal to hardened bachelors and lovers of noisy parties. Having seen an impressive installation above the table, guests will immediately understand what awaits them in the next couple of hours. Cheap and cheerful, but with soul...

Where to put endless plastic bottles? If you are tired of fighting them, we suggest you turn their myriad to your advantage, at least partially. Cut off the bottoms, and you will have a lot of small parts in your hands. Arbitrarily connect them with threads - there are no restrictions on the form.

Every woman wants to bring originality and comfort to her home. One of the most important elements of decor - a chandelier, can transform any interior, and created with your own hands, will give it an atmosphere of home warmth and comfort. In this article we will tell you how to create a chandelier at home, original ideas with photos and videos - to help beginners.

As materials for the manufacture of a chandelier, almost any material at hand is suitable:

• paper, gift wrapping and cardboard;
• textiles and knitwear;
• ropes, ribbons and threads;
• wood and glass;
• wire, feathers and beads.

As a frame, you can use an old chandelier or buy suitable rings and stands in stores that sell materials and tools for manual creativity.

Advice! It is very important to choose the right color scheme for materials for the future chandelier. Lampshades made of light and transparent materials, suitable for dark room, and for light, you can use denser materials. Using materials in yellow, orange and red shades will give the room warmth, while blue and green materials will make the room feel colder.

Option 1 - Shabby chic chandelier

An original chandelier is easy to make from an ordinary metal paper basket.

Materials used:

• metal basket for papers;
• spray paint in delicate or pastel shades: pink, peach, beige, cream, lilac, mint, jade;
• a strip of linen textile in a contrasting or matching color;
• glue gun;
• scissors;
• bulb socket.

Performance:

1. Drill a hole in the bottom of the basket for the electrical wire.
2. Via spray paint paint the basket inside and out.
3. Then pass the electrical wire with the cartridge at the end into the hole.
4. Lay a strip of fabric 8 cm wide in folds, and then fix it with a glue gun around the top of the lampshade from the basket.
5. Decorate the textile border with a bow and fabric roses.

Advice! If desired, the border can be decorated with beads, decorative glass pebbles, shells.

Option 2 - DIY art deco chandelier

For a living room or bedroom, you can make a simple and spectacular chandelier from silk fringe in the form of a cascade.

Materials used:

• 2 wooden hoops of different diameters
• white silk braid with long thick fringe
• white acrylic paint
• fishing line
• glue gun
• scissors
• socket with light bulb

Performance:

1. Paint the hoops.
2. Cut 3 identical pieces of fishing line about 50 cm long each, then use them to attach the smaller hoop to the larger one in 3 places, so that the distance between them is 5 cm less than the length of the fringe. The remaining ends of the fishing line will then be used to attach the chandelier to the electric cord.
3. Using a glue gun, glue the fringed silk braid first around the perimeter of the smaller hoop, and then around the perimeter of the larger one. Do not apply hot glue directly from the gun to the line attachment points, as this may melt the line. It is better to first apply a little glue to the paper, and then, after cooling, carefully glue the attachment points of the fishing line.
4. Fasten the chandelier to the power cord with a cartridge using the free ends of the fishing line.

Advice! The upper edge of the chandelier can be decorated with pearl or transparent beads using a glue gun. Instead of white fringe, you can use silver. If the fringe is not thick enough, it can be laid along the hoops in 2 layers. A cascading chandelier will look very interesting if the fringe is attached to wooden base in the shape of a square.

Option 3 - DIY chandelier in country style

Using the frame of an old lampshade, you can make a beautiful chandelier by simply covering it with lace or guipure.

Materials used:

• metal carcass from a lampshade of arbitrary shape;
• a strip of lace, guipure;
• threads to match the fabric, a needle;
• cord;
• scissors;
• bulb socket.

Performance:

1. Measure the circumference of the lampshade at its widest point.
2. Cut off a rectangle with a length of 4-5 cm more than the circumference of the lampshade and a width of 8-10 cm more than the height of the lampshade.
3. Connect the part into a ring, stitching along the short ends.
4. Pull the part onto the frame.
5. Hem, bending, the bottom edge.
6. Free upper edge Gather the new lampshade, neatly distributing the folds and securing them with a cord.
7. Attach the lampshade to the power cord with a cartridge.

Advice! If necessary, the frame can be refreshed by painting from an aerosol can in a suitable shade. Instead of a lace fabric, you can use openwork knitwear or tight knitwear in light colors with stripes or with a pattern of braids, bumps.

Option 4 - DIY Tiffany style chandelier

American designer Louis Tiffany used stained glass technology to make his modernist lamps. With the help of simple materials and tools, you can independently make an exclusive Tiffany-style chandelier.

Tiffany-style lamp from a plastic bottle

Materials used:

• 5 liter plastic bottle;
• sealant;
• silver or gold paint;
• paint on glass 5-7 matching shades;
• marker;
• scissors;
• bulb socket.

Performance:

1. Cut a plastic bottle in half. To create a chandelier lampshade, use the top of the bottle along with the neck.
2. Using a marker, mark the surface of the plastic lampshade into 6 equal segments by drawing vertical lines from the neck to the bottom edge.
3. Each segment is symmetrically painted in Art Nouveau style: you can depict flowers, leaves, grapes, dragonflies, drops, taking any image of the Tiffany lamp as a basis.
4. Cut the bottom edge of the bottle along the contour of the pattern applied to the surface.
5. Draw the entire surface of the lampshade, including the lower edge, along the contour of the pattern with sealant, making sure that the lines are neat and not thick. Give him time to dry.
6. Gently, using a thin brush or ear stick, cover the surface of the contours applied with sealant with silver or gold paint.
7. Fill in the voids of the picture with paint on glass, arbitrarily combining color shades.
8. Carefully cut off the neck of the bottle.
9. Insert power cord with cartridge.

To make chandeliers with your own hands, turning on your imagination, you can use any materials, creating unique lamps in different styles. For safety reasons, use energy-saving light bulbs for their operation.

DIY thread chandelier - video

DIY chandeliers - photo

You always want to decorate your house, and when there are funds for this, then you can buy designer things. But after all, any exclusive thing is first made by the hands of a master, and then it can only be done by hand.

Well, if one person has already done it, then we can repeat it. So, I propose not to spend money on goods in the store, but to make a chandelier with your own hands and thereby create a unique flavor in your home.

I have several friends who, horrified by the price tags in the store for lighting fixtures, created the chandelier themselves. And it turned out beautifully. A friend created a lamp for the nursery from threads, and a friend created two lighting fixtures from wooden planks. And after all, you will not immediately realize that this is a hand-made, it looks quite original and interesting.

But masterpieces can be created from absolutely everything, even from trash.

Have you seen how in the famous TV shows they create lamps from broken saucers or spoons with forks, and there are also from graters?

It's absurd, but even if you can make something digestible out of this, then, with some imagination and picking up prettier materials, you can do everything yourself.

I found a few ideas that I also liked, but I will express my opinion a little later.

Ideas from improvised materials

Still, many are given to see the beauty in the environment. Just think what craftsmen do from wire, paper, or even from a sewer pipe.

Paper also makes masterpieces, such as circles of white paper or butterflies. And everything is done simply.

Many identical paper blanks are made, which are sewn together.

And then attached to the frame.

Here are the results of such a technology for making a paper chandelier in the photo, borrowed from Facebook. But here the blanks are not sewn together, but glued together. I think the stitched ones look neater.

Well, if you have a lot of tea-set, then you can also construct beautiful lamp to the cottage

Here, the main thing is to carefully cut the bottom of the cups so that they do not crack or burst.

Chandelier made of wood and wooden planks

But with the help of wooden boards you can make a very modern and beautiful chandelier. After all, the texture of the tree is very noble and looks interesting in different color combinations.

You can simply cover the bar with oil, which will give it a shade of honey with beautiful natural veins, or you can paint it in wenge color. The main thing is to varnish it to make it more convenient to take care of the chandelier.

We will need:

• eight sticks,
• Wood oil or varnish,
• A couple of cartridges
• Frosted glass.

We take our bars, cover them with oil and varnish and let dry.

We assemble the blanks and fasten them with bolts.

We fix the cartridges and hide the cord.

We insert frosted glass on the front side and hang it by screwing in the light bulbs in advance.

The light is diffused and soft.

Not everyone knows where to get frosted glass, so this version of the chandelier can be made easier.

For example, attaching ceiling lights to the frame. As in the photo.

Well, for a snack, there is another version of the chandelier, which, by the way, is also made by hand!

So don't say it's not possible and beautiful thing cannot be done at home. I am convinced otherwise.

Making a lamp out of plastic bottles

A plastic bottle and disposable tableware can also turn into a wonderful chandelier. The main thing is to show a little imagination. But the designers have already done a lot for us, so I present a version of the master class made of plastic.

We will need:

• three liter bottle,
• Plastic disposable spoons
• Cartridge,
• Powersave lamp,
• Glue gun.

We will make the frame of the chandelier from a bottle, cutting off its base to get a hole at the bottom.

Now we are making a lot of blanks, for this we cut off the handle of the spoon, we will use only its base.

And on the glue gun we begin to glue the base of the spoons to the bottle.

You need to start from the bottom. Each next layer removes all the inaccuracies of the lower one.

When you have collected layer by layer, then the turn of the cartridge will come.

We insert only an energy-saving light bulb into it so that the plastic does not melt.

And hang it from the ceiling.

You can use only plastic bottoms from containers for the chandelier, fastening them together, as shown in the photo.

And it is better when all the bottles are of the same shade and transparent.

And also use plastic plates, creating beauty, can you imagine? The only negative is that such a chandelier will still give little light and it will be difficult for her to illuminate a fifteen-square room.

This option is not the main lighting or for use in small rooms.

A ball of thread in the children's room (step by step instructions)

But it is also possible to decorate and illuminate the children's room with a homemade chandelier made of natural material- from threads or a tourniquet. Well, I'm still for environmental friendliness.

We will need:

• threads,
• Needle,
• Petrolatum,
• PVA glue,
• Balloon,
• Plafond.

First, inflate the balloon the right sizes and tie it up.

After that, we make a small hole in the bottle with glue with a knife, thread a thread into the needle and pierce the bottle with glue with it and bring it out into the hole. So we will have a thread completely wetted with glue.

And we begin to wind the sticky thread around the ball until it becomes as dense as you would like.

Now you need to dry the glue, so we hang the ball and leave it for twelve hours.

After drying, you need to take a needle, pierce the ball. It will either deflate or burst.

We take a cartridge and circle its dimensions on the ceiling with a marker, cut a hole with scissors. And at the bottom we also make a hole for further connection of the lamp.

But you can wrap the cartridge with wire or hem it with thread.

By the way, you can use the same technology to create square lamps and lampshades.

You will need all the same materials, only instead of a thread we use a tourniquet.

1. We select the box required size, we cover it with cling film and a tourniquet soaked in glue, we fit the box in any order to the desired density.
2. Day this design dries. After the tourniquet acquires its color, we begin to pull out the box from the bottom.
3. Now we insert the ceiling into the holder and hang it from the ceiling.

Both cardboard and a water hose are used to make a chandelier, but time and imagination are needed everywhere.

Here are some cardboard ideas.

I liked a lot of options, but still prefer clear glass in the chandelier. Removed, washed and a lot of light. But you need to work with glass skillfully, so I didn’t write the manufacturing process here difficult option lighting device.

BUT wooden options give color to interiors rustic style or .

A chandelier is an expensive item, but technologically not so complicated. Anyway, production processes, which could not be done at home, is almost not required for the manufacture of a chandelier, or they can be replaced with similar manual ones, visually and in terms of reliability giving the same effect.

Do-it-yourself amateurs have made and are making a lot of ceiling lamps for general lighting (and these are chandeliers), which have no analogues in the wide market and sometimes have a very extravagant appearance, see, for example, fig. Fiction and the reader, we hope, do not hold. However, unfortunately, in a scattering of images of home-made chandeliers on the Internet, samples that meet the requirements of safety regulations and residential lighting are rare. Rather, very rarely.

This article discusses, first of all, how to make a chandelier yourself technologically and lighting. There is nothing particularly complicated here; this is something like a Moliere character who, it turns out, has been speaking prose all his life. But it doesn't hurt to know some of the basics. Moreover, the original harmonious design(which is by no means abandoned) also requires a reliable foundation, otherwise what is beauty to hold on to?

Note: for example, how you can make a chandelier in the living room with your own hands at home, see the video below. In terms of design, it will go with any interior style that accepts clear forms, and this is a very wide range, from Chinese Mandarin to fusion.

Video: do-it-yourself chandelier from improvised materials

Therefore, the subtleties of the design and construction of the main lighting and at the same time decorative elements chandeliers -; frame / support of lamps, which are also important as part of the overall design -. It will also not be superfluous to find out about the general lighting design of residential premises. And in this article we will deal with what they all have in common, plus the electrical part:

• Lighting technology and design - the very beginnings for domestic premises;
• Electrical fittings, mainly in terms of safety;
• What to make light fittings from, with an emphasis on the possibility of manufacturing from improvised materials;
• Features of chandeliers for residential premises for various purposes;
• The choice of light sources for a particular chandelier.

Note: those who doubt why there are some depths, let it be known - homemade lamps are firmly in the top ten for household electrical injuries, fire hazard and as a cause of visual impairment, especially in children.

What should not be afraid?

Wood and woodwork. Looking for curly wooden details industrial chandeliers, it seems that it is impossible to reproduce them at home. Meanwhile, a completely artsy wooden chandelier frame can be made in a day or two with your own hands in the kitchen or on the balcony.

The fact is that wood, when heated throughout the mass to 150-250 degrees, softens and bends, and when it cools down, it retains the shape given to it. You can heat a piece of wood to such a temperature without charring with a building hair dryer. Just remember to pre-drill axial holes (say, for wiring an electrical cable), this will not be possible in an already bent part.

Note: The easiest way to bend warm wood is light or medium-density fine-layered - birch, maple, ash, linden. Bamboo and some breeds tropical tree bend generally heated to 90-100 degrees by steaming in water vapor. MDF, due to the uniformity of its structure, bends very well and precisely, but requires more heat.

Finally, quite elegant wooden chandelier can be made of non-bent parts: modern light sources make it possible to implement such a solution. Then the ceiling lamp is made in the form of a chandelier-plafond, see below.

What to pay attention to?

On old Soviet chandeliers and household lamps in general. The USSR, as you know, was a very ambiguous phenomenon, which was especially clearly expressed in Soviet consumer goods. If you have an old “soviet-made” home chandelier lying around in your pantry, then its light-scattering / light-transmitting parts are probably made of high-quality glass, and porcelain / faience decorative ones are made of the same high-quality material. Let 1 "horn" out of 4-5 be broken, the remaining ones will be enough for a new home-made chandelier. Has the paint peeled off? Now on sale there are any washes and excellent acrylic enamels. Some of the "pendants" are lost? Of the others, you can also build something very beautiful, it would be fiction and taste.

Lighting and vision

Approximately 10 years ago, it was measured quite accurately throughput according to the optic nerve. It turned out to be 5-6 times less than the amount of information in the picture that the optical system of the eye draws on the retina, and scientists finally had to admit it as a fact: somewhere in the eye lurks something like a video processor. Suspicions about its presence arose 200 years ago, because. certain visual illusions do not depend in any way on the physical and mental state of the subject. I had to admit, and now it is confidence that the picture comes to the brain not raw, but somehow processed. From the point of view of lighting technology and the influence of the nature of lighting on health and well-being, this fact is also important: a good lamp should give light not only bright enough, but also even, soft, allowing you to clearly distinguish details of different colors and not tiring the eye.

Note: Let us remind the reader that the picture on the retina is taken by 2 types of photoreceptors - rods and cones. The former are the most sensitive, but perceive only the general brightness, so at night all cats are gray. Cones of 3 types perceive separately the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) parts of the color spectrum. We also recall that the eye is most sensitive to green rays, slightly less to red and least of all to blue.

Spectra of light sources

Light with a continuous spectrum is the least tiring for the eye, pos. 1 per pic: All visible details of the subject are more or less evenly lit. If the spectrum is limited, then those that do not fall into it are simply not visible. The eye processor does not need to “finish” anything, and this is what most of all tires the eyesight and spoils it.

The fact is that in order to “finish” a poorly distinguishable optics of the eye, it must constantly and often refocus, and the photodetector system must change its accommodation, i.e. general level sensitivity. This procedure is in some way similar to working out the details in Photoshop by normalizing the levels and “pulling up” the thin curves, but those who know how to do this know that the picture is very sluggish initially, if you definitely need to “pull out” the details, it coarsens to “tear”. And if we are talking about our own vision, the brain eventually begins to understand “tear” as the norm, and accordingly reconfigures the muscles of the eye and the algorithms of the visual processor, which leads to vision disorders.

Unfortunately, of the light sources suitable for safety requirements for domestic conditions, only incandescent, conventional and halogen lamps give a continuous spectrum. Firstly, they are uneconomical according to modern requirements. Secondly, their spectra are thermal and therefore have a strong cutoff in the blue region. That is, it is impossible to achieve the correct color perception under such lighting.

Nevertheless, incandescent lamps in household lamps are quite applicable: over millions of years of evolution, the human eye has become accustomed to correcting itself for yellowness, and visual disturbances in such lighting are possible only from its insufficient or excessive brightness. As for sodium lamps, which shine only in the yellow region, their light is also harmless to vision, but there is no need to talk about any adequate color perception.

Almost perfect color reproduction allows, with the least possible visual fatigue, to achieve a synthetic or additive spectrum, pos. 2. There is no need for the eye processor to overwork: the tops of the R, G and B zones go slightly beyond the optimal illumination level for a given overall brightness, and at their junctions, restoring full detail requires a simple addition of partial (private) images in the corresponding colors. As a result, the overall white level comes out almost linear and the details of any color are clearly visible, and gray tones smoothly transition into each other.

And again unfortunately: the additive spectrum is given only by the screens of good cathode ray tubes (kinescopes). Slowly but surely approaching him fluorescent lamps(housekeepers) with 3-4 layer phosphor, separate samples of LED illuminators and TFT display screens, however, up to complete solution problems are far away. Therefore, experienced and caring about their vision (which in this case is also the main working tool) graphic designers, photographers and artists working at a computer stubbornly hold on to “tube” displays, buying professional ones at crazy prices or looking for used ones with not yet dead tube.

Note: light from sources with an additive spectrum is usually called extremely soft. In nature, extremely soft lighting is morning with light cloudiness, when the disk of the Sun shines a little through the clouds.

In everyday life, acceptable softness of light can be achieved by its sources with an island spectrum, pos. 3. It looks like 3 solid limited ones, but this is the case when quantity turns into quality: having seen 3 zones of primary colors, the eye will definitely try to see what is between them. In the gaps between the islands, something is still visible, albeit at a level of illumination that is significantly less than optimal for a given accommodation. The peaks of the islands are also quite strongly lifted up, but also within the acceptable range.

The island spectrum is given by most housekeepers and good LED lamps; how to distinguish them immediately upon purchase from, let's say, not very good ones, see below, in the section on illuminators. It is undesirable to do work that requires eye strain in such a light, but you can read / write 3-4 hours a day.

The island spectrum has 2 features important for household lighting. The first is that it can be significantly softened with the help of light-shaping devices, see below. The second is that the “tails” of red and blue do not go into the IR (infrared) and UV (ultraviolet) regions, but fall to black towards the boundaries of the visible spectrum. Therefore, if the details of a certain color in island lighting are poorly visible, increasing the overall brightness will only harm your eyesight. In this case, it is necessary to use local lighting with incandescent lamps or housekeepers / LEDs of a different color temperature, their spectrum islands will be located differently.

The most harmful spectrum for vision is the line spectrum, pos. 4. In it, firstly, very narrow zones of primary colors do not overlap. Secondly, in order to create a sufficient overall brightness, it is necessary to “pull up” the peaks of the lines, especially the blue one, above the maximum allowable. The light seems to be not very bright, but it hurts the eyes. Everything in general is visible, it seems to be good, but the details are lost somewhere and you can’t make out in any way, even if your eyes burst.

Such light is called extremely hard. They give it cheap LED bulbs and separate models of housekeepers with 1-layer phosphor. It is impossible to soften it with light formers, because. nothing is illuminated in the gaps between the lines. With prolonged use of such light, it is possible to develop not only myopia / farsightedness, but also various color perception disorders (the eye processor is overstrained to no avail, trying to see the invisible), and even retinal detachment.

Electrical fittings

Gross and most often entailing undesirable consequences violation of the rules of safety in self-manufacturing chandeliers - hanging them by an electric cable: its end is passed into the bulb holder, tied in a knot, so everything is kept on weight. A chandelier, even the lightest, must be hung on a separate rod, rigid or flexible.

The rigid suspension of a chandelier is known to everyone: it is a tube into which a cable is stretched. Traditional flexible suspension - chain; the cable in this case passes through the links. Now on sale there are also special cables for chandeliers, in addition to 3 wires under a common sheath, they also have a strong rope for suspension. It must be brought out and fastened in 2 places: at the top to the hook and at the bottom to the frame of the chandelier, otherwise the cord may crawl out over time and the chandelier will hang on the wires. When hanging on a separate cord, the cable must be circled around it with several turns (and not vice versa!) And fix the ends of the “snake” with tape or, not tightly, with a soft thread.

Emergency situations with chandeliers most often occur at the point where the wires are inserted into the bulb holder, so the cartridges also need to be fixed on the frame separately. The most convenient for this is the E17 cartridge for a minion lamp (candle lamp) with a screw clamp for the mounting lamella (shown by the arrow in pos. 1 of the figure). If the frame is made of tubes, the lamellas are obtained by flattening their ends. To wooden frame lamellas from a strip of steel 1-1.5 mm thick and 10 mm wide can be attached with small self-tapping screws.

Cartridges E17 with end clamp (shank), pos. 2, less convenient for a home master, because the clamp is fixed with a pair of nuts, under which the thread must be cut on the tube. If there is enough space in the chandelier, in this case it is better to use the E27 cartridge (regular, “plump”) with a side clamp, pos. 4. Clamps, to obtain the desired orientation of the lamps, can be carefully folded. And, finally, in chandeliers with a single light bulb, it may be more convenient to have an E17 or E10 cartridge (superminion) with lugs for mounting, pos. 5, but the places where the wires are connected to this should be carefully insulated.

Note: conventional E27 bakelite cartridges can also be fixed rigidly; for this, there is a special thread in the inlet fittings of their covers. But the same thread must be on the tube to which the cartridge is attached, and there are no manual taps for sale for it.

About installation and connection

You can power a chandelier with a total power of up to 60 W from the network with a cable with a cross section of conductive wires of 0.35 square meters. mm; up to 120 W - 0.5 sq. mm; up to 300 W - 0.75 sq. mm. Use a 3-core double-insulated cable. A “ground” (yellow with a longitudinal green stripe) wire is connected to the neutral wire of the network, and the remaining 2 wires are connected to the phase wires coming from the switches of the chandelier sections.

Note: it is unacceptable to search for a phase using a control light by clicking switches! You need to use a phase indicator!

Connecting wires to the terminal blocks of lamp holders and generally wiring the chandelier is done below step by step in the following order:

1. They make sure with the help of a phase indicator that there is no voltage on the wires and no one can accidentally flip the switch. To do this, their levers can be temporarily sealed with tape.
2. From the ceiling ends of the cable, a temporary hut is thrown to the floor from a cable with conductors no smaller than that of a standard section.
3. They strip the ends of the regular wires of the chandelier, connect its common input to the temporary hut. Don't forget to insulate the connections!
4. Disassemble the cartridge.
5. Insert the end of the cable into the cover of the cartridge through the regular hole.
6. A lock washer is put on it to prevent accidental pulling out of the cartridge. In extreme cases, tie the cable into a knot.
7. Close the bare ends of the wires into the terminals. Stranded wires are twisted before termination and, preferably, tinned so that the veins that have come out do not arrange a short circuit (short circuit),
8. Insert the terminal block into the cover, seating it with notches on the corresponding protrusions in it.
9. Check if there is a small loop of cable under the cover and if it is pulled out.
10. Holding the terminal block so that it does not come off, the cartridge case is screwed onto the cover.
11. At the end of the installation of the section, the lamps are screwed in, checked by turning on the acc. switch, whether they burn steadily.
12. Again, the switches are blocked from accidental switching on, the temporary hut is removed.
13. , connect its input to the ceiling ends.
14. They check: it burns steadily, does not blink - the installation is over, you can use it.

Light fittings

The light fixture of the chandelier (light-forming system), firstly, directs the light in the proper way for this type of room. Secondly, it softens it by reducing the surface brightness of the illuminator. And for light sources with an island spectrum, another favorable circumstance manifests itself.

In school and even general university courses in optics, in order not to confuse students too much, it is believed that during scattering, reflection and refraction of light, its frequency remains unchanged; this makes it possible to visually deduce their basic laws. In fact, there are no absolutely linear media, and a certain fraction of light quanta in these processes is re-emitted, due to which it changes its frequency and, consequently, its color. That is, the "tails" of the spectral islands receive a small brightness "feed", which facilitates the work of the eye processor; this is tantamount to an additional softening of the light.

Workflows

In the light fittings of household lamps, diffuse reflection and light scattering are mainly used. Mirroring is of little use, since does not by itself reduce surface brightness or soften light. Refraction in transparent media is widely used: crystal pendants not only give a pleasant play of light, but also significantly soften it without significant loss of light flux. And finally, in some cases, eg. in lampshades made of threads, in the formation of a light flux, a noticeable share of diffraction takes place.

Note: with diffraction and shadows, in general, you need to be more careful. The light in the room on the left in the figure can cause nervous breakdown and in an adult, and the prickly rays from the lamp on the right in the same place will not benefit vision in any way. Here the circumstance takes place that in the peaks of the diffraction pattern the light intensity can be much higher than on the primary radiating surface.

Forming elements and systems

The softening of light and the formation of its necessary radiation pattern (DN), see below, using refraction in transparent media and / or specular / total internal reflection requires a large number such optical acts: in each of them, the light loss is small, but the degree of conversion of the light flux is also small, because transparent media are transparent because their non-linearity manifests itself to an insignificant degree. Traditionally, this requires a lot of refractive elements with high optical properties; hence expensive or available on a case-by-case basis. Now plastics are helping amateur craftsmen: an original chandelier with refraction and reflections can be made from waste material altogether, see below. The appearance of such chandeliers is “airy”; service life - 1-3 years.

If there are no crystal pendants at your disposal, you will have to use scattering and diffuse reflection. Light losses will be greater, but in this case it is possible to get by with improvised materials: it is enough to get only 1-3% of nonlinear optical acts in the entire lighting system. An ordinary light meter with a set of light filters does not capture such a number of “left” quanta, but it is enough for the illumination of the dips between the islands of the spectrum to rise above the “bottom” of the accommodation range and the eye to work without overworking.

Light formers based on diffuse optical processes are based on 3 elements: a ceiling lamp, a lampshade and a diffuse reflector. Plafond, pos. 1 in fig. - a cap made of frosted glass or a material similar to it in terms of optical properties. Outward light from it can come out only after undergoing scattering. For the further formation of the light flux, the optical properties of the room do not matter or have very little.

Lampshade, pos. 2, part of the primary light emits without conversion; not necessarily down. The softening of the primary light spot is achieved by illuminating it with diffused light reflected from the walls and ceiling, so the optical properties of the room in this case are significant. They become decisive for a diffuse reflector, pos. 3, however, this lighting system, by changing the degree of transparency of the reflector(s), their size, configuration and location, makes it possible to form various patterns.

Chandelier lighting systems are built, as a rule, by combining elementary shapers. For example, at pos. 4 - a well-known chandelier of stepped concentric lampshades, complemented by a small almost flat shade. At first glance, the light loss in it should be large, but remember: to illuminate a school gym with an area of ​​​​approx. 400 sq. m and with a ceiling height of 6 m, uneconomical incandescent lamps were enough for a total power of 800-1200 watts.

Among the new lighting systems stand out chandeliers, plafonds, pos. 3. They are named so because they are both ceiling lamps and lighting, and architectural ceiling, see photo. The essence of this type of optics is that in the trap chamber the primary quanta experience multiple reflections and the light comes out strongly softened.

Materials for lighting systems

About purchased elements of chandeliers made of glass or special plastics, you can see that:

• Glass should be mirrored, colorless or pure white when broken.
• Under any light sources, except for incandescent lamps, it is better to take optical parts that are matted not from the surface, but in bulk, the so-called. dairy, the desired degree of transparency.
• It is undesirable to use acrylic computer disks in lighting systems: a translucent metal layer in them only absorbs light to no avail, and almost completely transparent and colorless optical acrylic does not noticeably transform the light flux.

Good homemade chandeliers come from food grade PET bottles. The refractive index and transparency of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) are quite high, which makes it possible to achieve a significant softening of light with small light losses. PET bottles are produced in various colors and translucent, thanks to which the chandelier can be built on the basis of both refraction and re-reflections, as well as diffuse processes.

In addition to cheapness and availability, a significant advantage of PET is the ease of processing at home and, in capable hands, good decorative qualities. For example, how to make flowers from bottles, see the master class at the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TXXoiTLhVA

Floral decor will not only decorate the chandelier, but also, due to the increase in the number of refractive surfaces, will significantly improve its lighting technology. Other variants of optically useful and beautiful decor from plastic bottles, but we will leave them for the article on lampshades.

Other plastics for chandeliers with economy lamps are also suitable as reflectors. For them, you need to take the material as white as possible and slightly rough or with a satin gloss. Semi-transparent parts made of household plastics are not very good, because. as a filler, chalk or talc with coloring additives is most often used. The light loss in such will be large, and the softening of light - only due to a drop in surface brightness. It is preferable to use propylene, because. PVC from light soon turns yellow and becomes brittle.

The second one is very good available material for the optical system of the chandelier - paper. If the lamp is LED, then a paper chandelier with it will last for several years: the paper turns yellow and loses light transmission from heat and UV exposure, which LED lamps almost or completely do not give.

The light transmission of the paper components of the chandelier is selected by choosing a material of the appropriate density, from 20 to 220 g/sq. m. The reflective properties of modern writing paper are almost flawless: with a whiteness factor below 0.8-0.85, it is simply not produced. By the way, some cunning manufacturers operate with whiteness factors of 1.05 and even 1.15. By what method of measurement they reach super-unit values ​​of a quantity that, in principle, cannot be more than 1, who knows. But from the point of view of physics, this is ridiculous absurdity: I put such a leaf in front of a mirror, between them - solar battery, once shone a flashlight, here you have a perpetual motion machine of the second kind. Or a fertile topic of discussion on the forums of technomists. What's wrong with that? Since KB>1, then the leaf of light and, accordingly, its energy radiates more than it receives.

Note: The bulb of a 60 W incandescent lamp can heat up to more than 100 degrees Celsius. Therefore, for chandeliers with shades, lampshades and reflectors made of plastic, fabric, textiles and threads, incandescent lamps of no more than 40 W should be used, and halogen lamps - up to 15-20 W.

Video: a master class on making a chandelier from a rope or thread

Chandelier in the room

The main types of DN for lighting domestic premises are shown in fig. A cardioid is formed by a ceiling, this is a light for small bedrooms, children's rooms, hallways. The dip at the top is formed by the shadow from the base. A children's chandelier should be equipped with a spherical shade, strong, but without excessive light loss, scattering light. Particularly soft and, highly desirable, shadowless lighting in the nursery is necessary so as not to harm the eyesight that has not yet been strengthened. Therefore, the ceiling of a children's chandelier is best made of paper, and refractive materials for it should be avoided.

Figure-of-eight DN is obtained using several diffuse reflectors and a well-bleached ceiling, for example. drywall. Such light is necessary in a fairly large living room with free space in the center, an office, and other rooms where areas are illuminated local sources Sveta.

A fan DN gives a simple lampshade, and a petal one, directed upwards with an aperture (bell). Petal lamps are typical for sconces, which are not quite in the subject here, but chandeliers with fan lamps are suitable for a small living room with a dining table in the center or the kitchen. Especially for the latter: light contributes to the deposition of vapors of organic substances and their bituminization in the liquid phase, so there is no need to particularly illuminate the ceiling here, let the potential soot go into the hood.

Note: the most uniform illumination of the floor area with a minimum consumption of electricity for lighting gives the so-called. cosecant-square DN. However, it is obtained with the help of very complex lighting fixtures, walls and ceiling must be illuminated separately. Mainly used for illumination of large industrial premises, open areas, sports facilities, etc.

Chandelier lamps

Not all manufacturers of household lighting lamps give their spectral characteristics on their websites and in specifications, so sellers most often do not know them. As for economy lamps, it’s easier for an ignorant buyer here: the spectrum is unknown - We take on a color temperature of 4300 K. In the worst case, we get a continuous bounded spectrum. He will not let you see in all its glory a color postcard or an illustration in a book, but it will not hurt your eyesight. Visually, this light is almost white with a slight yellowness. The norm of electric power of such lamps is 1.8-3.4 W per 1 sq. m of illuminated area depending on the configuration and overall tone of the room design.

Note: phytolamps for shelves with flowers, greenhouses / greenhouses and aquariums cannot be used for general lighting. Their spectrum is sharply lined, it is useful for plants for photosynthesis, but not for humans for vision.

LED lamps are selected, firstly, for a color temperature of 2800-3300 K, yellowish. In whites, the spectrum, as a rule, is lined, which is immediately noticeable: their light hurts the eyes even in a well-lit natural way. trading floor. According to visible design features, one should choose globe lamps with a frosted bulb and its deep shank, pos. 1 in fig. If you liked the “corn” lamp, then you need to be guided by the following signs of poses. 2:

• The LED assembly must be covered with a translucent bulb, this guarantees, first of all, the durability of the lamp. "Naked corn", with luminous structures under a protective film, is sensitive to pollution and external influences in general.
• The number of individual radiating structures should be at least 15-20.
• "Kochan", i.e. the shell-holder of radiating structures must be transparent. In combination with prev. condition, this will give a greater number of reflections inside the bulb, greater uniformity of the primary light and better possibilities for the formation of a light flux.

In order not to “get” on the line spectrum, one should also avoid imitations of globes and “corn” in the form of light bulbs with a transparent bulb sitting right on the base and a small number of radiating structures, pos. 3. Illumination from them in small room and visually it will be uneven, and the spectrum is most often lined. Also, LED directional lamps, pos. 4. They are intended for auxiliary / service lighting and are harmful to the eyes during prolonged use.

Lamps are not just a source artificial lighting in the interior, but also an important decorative element, without which the composition looks unfinished. You can create bright accents by making a ceiling for a chandelier with your own hands, because it is not at all necessary to spend huge amounts of money on buying designer models. About the nuances of work - read our article!

Where to begin?

When creating a do-it-yourself ceiling lamp, keep in mind that using an ordinary incandescent lamp is not the most good idea. It is better to stay on energy-saving light bulbs, which do not heat up so much and, accordingly, do not heat up nearby parts, thereby ensuring safety. In addition, they are quite economical, which allows you not to spend money on electricity, and are also durable.

When choosing a material for a ceiling, focus on both aesthetic properties and technical characteristics. First, it must be environmentally friendly, preferably natural bases that will not spread unsafe substances with minimal heat.

Secondly, the ceiling should not collect a lot of dust: some surfaces, like fabric, are more prone to this than others. Choose an option that is easy to clean, easy to wipe with a damp cloth. This does not apply to paper, but due to the cheapness and simplicity of the material, such a chandelier can always be replaced if necessary.

Thirdly, the chandelier should illuminate the room well without dimming it. However, for some interiors, subdued lights are more suitable: in the nursery, bedroom or living room for an intimate atmosphere. In such cases, you can show your imagination by making a lampshade that creates light patterns in the room. You, as the author, can implement any of your decisions - and this is probably the main advantage of homemade ceiling lamps.

We select a ceiling lamp for the style of the interior

The chandelier can become a bright accent in the interior or its inconspicuous, but an important addition. With any choice, the ceiling should harmoniously match the style of the room.

Unfortunately, not every product can be created with your own hands. For example, the classics are characterized by elegant crystal, glass or metal products that cannot be made on their own. But there are other options as well.

Minimalism

The laconic and laconic composition of minimalism can easily be broken due to one extra detail, which will be especially noticeable in such an interior. Regardless of the type of room, simple geometric shapes, the absence of hanging elements, as well as the monotonous color scheme, which is included in the overall palette of the space, will look appropriate here.

Good fit for metal frame structures, which slightly dim the light, or paper shades without decorative details.

Loft

That's where you can really roam, so it's in the loft interior, in which home-made products from unusual materials. Don't be scared if appearance chandeliers gives out their non-manufacturing origin, because many details of this style put forward their imperfection as the main advantage.

For ceiling lamps, it is permissible to use even familiar objects: transparent cans, metal appliances, thread or wire frames. If the ceiling height allows, then a long pendant chandelier with a minimalist cap will be an excellent option.

Scandinavian style

Despite the northern origin, this direction in the interior looks very cozy and modern. Minimalistic in nature Scandinavian style prefers natural materials, as well as light, mostly white, colors.

There are many options for the design of the chandelier - the style is not very limited in forms. But not everything can be created independently. Suitable spherical, airy models of thread or paper.

Provence

Coming to us from distant French villages, Provence prefers a simple, cozy aesthetic. natural materials, floral patterns, as well as light shades. Something like this should be the ceiling for the chandelier.

Items made of fabric or rounded lace look appropriate. With a low level of skill, you can ennoble a glass cap with decoupage, thereby saving money - after all, despite its simplicity, authentic Provence involves significant costs in the arrangement.

Paper shades

Despite the fact that paper is not considered the most reliable basis for lampshades, the ease of working with it and the noticeable cheapness made this material very attractive among needleworkers. In addition, with its help you can update the interior at least every month, creating new crafts.

Origami plafonds

Who has not been fond of origami as a child, designing little animals or complex modular paper products? Now you can apply your skills for more practical purposes. However, even people who first encountered this activity can also easily master it and make origami ceiling lamps for a chandelier with their own hands.

These are laconic designs of different geometric shapes that fit perfectly into a modern interior. It is not recommended to use very strong paper, as it does not transmit light well.

Figured products

However, lovers of a more diverse decor can create ceiling lamps of a wide variety of shapes from paper. For example, surround the lamp with paper houses, butterflies or envelopes.

The appearance of such a ceiling also depends on the surface - plain, patterned, newspaper, and so on. Combining these materials, you can achieve completely different effects.

Chinese lanterns

If you have paper lanterns at home, do not rush to use them as an independent ceiling, because this is an excellent basis for other experiments.

It can be pasted over with anything, but to avoid homemade look- we suggest decorating the ball with small paper scales or long "feathers" that will gracefully hang down to the bottom.

Plafonds from threads

Various threads and ropes make an excellent base for a lampshade, which is suitable for creating an intimate atmosphere due to the dimming effect.

graceful cocoon

A round ceiling made of randomly wound threads looks very simple and at the same time stylish. In order for such material to keep the desired shape, it is fixed with glue on hot-air balloon, which is delicately removed after work is completed.

Although the field for creativity here is small, but you can always experiment with colors, weaving in several shades.

Knitted shade

Such a solution from threads looks less chaotic. The main conditions for its manufacture are the ability to knit or the presence of a grandmother who will kindly knit a napkin for you. The finished product must be placed on any basis - a metal frame, a transparent container, a Chinese ball. Similarly with the first option, you can fix the lampshade on the balloon with glue.

Plafonds from bottles

Stylish chandeliers for rooms of different types can be created even from bottles. This includes both glass and plastic containers.

Glass bottles or jars

The principle of working with such a base is simple: choose the most beautiful and hide the lamp in it. Elongated bottles or small jars can be used. It is necessary to make sure that the glass transmits the amount of light necessary for the room, and in case of a lack, several sources can be used.

If the chandelier plays more of a decorative function, the bottle can be covered acrylic paint or painting.

Plastic shades

Plastic bottles should not be used untouched. But to make them cheap parts for homemade ceiling is quite real.

Luxurious (as far as this word is generally applicable to plastic) look chandeliers from the bottom of ordinary bottles, which resemble a flower in shape. They are fastened together with wire for better fixation, creating a variety of compositions.

Another option is a 10-liter eggplant, glued with plastic spoons, which are lined up in several rows, like scales. The design will let in a subdued but uniform light, which will additionally decorate the product.

Plafonds made of metal elements

Enough unusual solutions for chandeliers also offer metal products. Fortunately, you don’t need to make them yourself, so you won’t need any special metalworking skills. But a spectacular appearance is provided in any case.

Kitchen appliances

Do not rush to throw away old spoons and forks - they will come in handy for creating original design. By placing a dozen fixtures around the lamp, you will get a great shade for a kitchen chandelier that fits perfectly with the theme.

The same effect can be achieved using, for example, a grater. In general, you can experiment with any appliances, especially if your interior is decorated in a loft style. Just make sure the metal parts don't get too hot.

dome of gears

If you want to add a bit of steampunk to your life, make a chandelier shade out of gears. They can be obtained by dismantling an old bicycle, or bought at a flea market. But the result is definitely worth the effort!

We examined the features of making do-it-yourself ceiling lamps for chandeliers and the most popular solutions from various materials. But interesting options, of course, much more - proof of which is our selection of photographs. Happy viewing!