Proper installation of a security alarm. Modern security systems for a private house
The relevance of GSM systems - alarms
The video surveillance system is one of the most reliable assistants in monitoring controlled areas. It can be either a closed facility with infrastructure, or an open space that needs to be controlled by moving objects, as well as individuals. Do not forget that such a system will regularly protect your facility from potential threats in the form of emergencies (for example, smoke or fire). Best of all, this role is handled by a security GSM - an alarm system with a video camera. In principle, almost all enterprises and firms have already switched to this type of servicing, smart communications. Only at the very dawn of its appearance could one refer to the high cost of such equipment. This was due to the lack of serious competition in the market and the conservative views of people. Yes, of course, today there is still a need for the presence of security guards at the facility, but most often they simply monitor installed systems video surveillance, making decisions in accordance with the processed data.
Technical aspects
GSM alarm system Siberian Arsenal Express Power Box with key fob Modern GSM - alarm system does not require connection to a stationary, telephone line. This is very important, because if the object is far enough from the infrastructure or just located in a hard-to-reach place, then such a monitoring system will be an excellent choice. As you can already understand, a wireless type of data transmission to a remote recipient is used. Speaking more plain language, Burglar GSM - alarm system with a video camera sends SMS or MMS - messages to a subscriber included in the contact list. You will be able to choose which person or group of persons to add there first. Everything will depend on which object such a wireless monitoring system will be installed on. As noted above, a cellular communication channel is used as an information route, which is available almost at any time. Exist additional way transition to a backup data transmission channel in the form of a WI-FI connection from a connected fiber optic cable or a simple ADSL connection.
Apartment security
Motion sensor with built-in video camera For example, if you need to install a GSM alarm for an apartment, then the presence of additional sources of data transmission will certainly be available. You do not even have to worry about making even a symbolic subscription fee for the operation of the used security module. It is enough to refer to our professional help to successfully solve this problem. Our experience allows us to speak with confidence about the success of such systems in the field of apartment security. When processing the received application, we take into account all the wishes of our client. It is possible to install a GSM-alarm system with or without a video camera. It all depends on the purpose of the installation. burglar alarm, features of the object and financial capabilities of the client. It is preferable, of course, to supplement the GSM module with a video camera. This allows you to respond more quickly to the situation. Everyone understands that the more information goes to the combined communication device, the easier it is to avoid negative impact unforeseen situation. It is safe to say that apartment alarms with a video camera are the best way save your property (and often the lives of your loved ones) from negative external factors. Do not forget that the GSM-alarm system installed by our company has absolute autonomy. The built-in battery will not allow you to be dependent on the central source of electricity in the event of a planned or emergency shutdown. So, think about our current and reliable offer if you are on a long trip and your home is left without actual care. Our help will solve at once all the problems of monitoring and protecting the home.
Office security and the benefits of using a camera
GSM burglar alarms in the office are also relevant and in demand. This allows you to monitor the entire current situation at any time. If the goal is to monitor illegal situations and compliance with the established operating mode, then it is advisable to equip the security module with a camera. What kind additional benefits will appear after the implementation of such technical solution. Here is their complete list:
- instant viewing of received images from GSM - alarms in real time. The receiving device can be a personal computer monitor, a phone screen or a tablet;
- instant response of the security system to a request for the provision of up-to-date information on any part of the monitored territory;
— placing all the photographs taken in the archive. For these purposes it can be used inner memory combined, communication devices or a proven, friendly server in the form of cloud storage. If a controversial, judicial situation arises in the future, this will serve as a good argument in favor of your side;
– conducting continuous monitoring for all 24 hours, regardless of the level of illumination. Here, a little explanation should be made. Office security carried out at night will be as effective as during daylight. A sensitive infrared sensor solves this complex problem.
Warehouse and store security
Terminal object receiving and control device with GSM communicator Mirage-GSM-A8-03 Installing a security alarm in a warehouse or any other facility is especially relevant. large area. It should be understood that it is simply impossible and inefficient to bypass such a territory. We'll have to use a large staff of security personnel. Store alarm, by installing GSM modules, will also be a good solution for continuous monitoring (especially when it comes to large MEGA-MARKETS). Security systems show themselves most informatively here due to interaction with sensitive sensors. Depending on the type of sensitive alarm SMS - notifications will be sent to the control room or to the device of any subscriber on duty. Messages are preliminarily generated and entered into the memory of the GSM-alarm (“the appearance of smoke in hall A” or “lack of power in the utility room”). All this allows you to quickly respond to the situation that has arisen, saving people's lives and the integrity of material and technical values.
Garage alarm with camera
All of the above applies to GSM installation alarm system with video camera for garage. This will greatly ensure the safety of your property. At minimal cost and time, you get the opportunity to conduct round-the-clock monitoring of your private property. It is impossible to overestimate the usefulness of such surveillance modules for large parking areas.
Sale, installation of security alarms
It does not matter at all whether you have chosen an alarm for a house or a private industrial facility. In any case, installation work and maintenance security GSM - the system must be maintained by a responsible and experienced person. Our firm offers you its competent assistance for reasonable assistance! We will pick you optimal system alarms depending on the features of the object and your financial capabilities! Ensure your safety now!
Burglar alarm is a set technical devices, which advertise to a private object. At the same time, it emits an alarm sound and transmits information to the security console. AT modern world such a system is essential. Private houses, shops, warehouses, etc. are put under surveillance.
Autonomous alarm
This is a fairly reliable security alarm. Installing it is as follows.
Special sensors and signal sirens are mounted in the room. They are all connected to the same control panel. If penetration occurs, the sensors are triggered and transmit a signal to the panel. It, in turn, includes the elements of sound and light. To turn it off, you need to dial a security code on the panel or apply a key.
With the console system, the signal goes directly to the console of the security company. After that, his employees immediately respond to the call and arrive at the place where the alarm was triggered. The choice of this type of system is the most reliable. But it is one of the most expensive.
GSM
This type of system is also equipped with sensors, but with a GSM module. From the control panel, when the sensor is triggered, an SMS message is sent to the number of the owner or responsible person. He will have to call the appropriate services. Not inferior in reliability to the alternative and this burglar alarm. Installation can be both professional and independent. Disabled from the keyboard on the panel or key.
In terms of cost, this type is more profitable than the remote one, since you do not have to pay monthly fees to the security company. It is only necessary to monitor the balance of the number that is attached to the security alarm.
Local
Such a security alarm system can send a signal to the security console, which is located directly on site. Or he doesn't go anywhere at all. Such a system serves rather to scare off intruders by turning on the siren. It cannot be called reliable, because if the criminals know that this particular system is being used, naturally, it will not scare them. The only advantage is the low cost of installing such a system. Security alarm- This separate view designed to patrol the facility. The signal is given with
What kind to choose?
In order for an intruder alarm system to serve its purpose, it is necessary to determine the type of premises in which it will be installed. If we are talking about buildings of a country or garage type, it is recommended to choose an autonomous type of protection. If someone tries to illegally enter the facility, the sound signal can frighten off intruders. A GSM system is also suitable, since its installation does not require a landline telephone.
But in a residential building or apartment, it is better to consider the option of remote protection. This type is more reliable and responds to all types of violations: penetration, breaking front door, broken glass. Any type of console security system can be configured in a suitable way, for example, so that it does not work on the movement of an animal.
According to the type of connection, alarms are divided into wired and wireless. At the same time, wired ones are already rarely seen, they are not profitable due to the need for construction and electrical work which are very costly. Security should be first of all reliable!
System elements
- Control Panel. This is the device that receives signals from all sensors. It contains a control and adjustment system. It transmits an alarm signal upon penetration. At self installation This element may cause difficulties with the security company. They may require that the burglar alarm (including installation) be purchased from them only.
- Sensors. They are various kinds and are intended for various purposes (movement, sound, opening / closing openings, vibration, etc.). Together with alarms, it is good to install fire protection, which will be equipped with a burglar alarm. The price of the system will increase slightly, but the safety of the property will be more complete. At present, sensors can be equipped with anything. They can react to water, humidity and more. But installing them is optional.
- Alert devices. They include both sound devices and light signals, they can also include devices that transmit an alarm signal to the phone.
System installation
After the choice of alarm is made, you can proceed with the installation. If it is not local system, then it is better to entrust its installation to professionals. Currently, it is not difficult to find them; there are many companies specializing in this profile. There must be such a company with a license and with qualified craftsmen in this field. A burglar alarm (installing it is not a very troublesome business) must be installed in accordance with existing standards. The contract that is concluded with such a company usually contains the following types works:
- design;
- equipment delivery;
- mounting;
- commissioning works;
- security alarm service.
At the request of the client, the company can carry out installation according to ready plan, but with the replacement of components that can be purchased from another company. It is worth considering that such manipulations entail an increase in the price of installing a security alarm.
We do everything on our own
If you want to save money on installing a security alarm, you can do it yourself.
There is no big difference in the systems of such a device as a burglar alarm for a house or a summer residence. Difficulties in installation should not arise if you have elementary school knowledge and a set of tools.
Installing a wired system
Currently, it is rare to find such systems on sale, although they are cheaper than wireless counterparts. Installation will require a large number of wires of such length that it is enough for all sensors. You need to know the difference in plus and minus and have good patience.
The sensor is attached with a special terminal block to the wire. The same element should be on the control panel. Connect the wires of the device according to the manufacturer's recommendations. You should check the correct connection and operation of the alarm.
A prerequisite is that at least 20 centimeters must be between the cable and the power line. All sensors are already initially adjusted, but if you need to make changes, you need to do it smoothly and check the operation of the sensor each time. You need to be aware that the maintenance of a self-installed burglar alarm often falls on the shoulders of the owner of the house.
Wireless system installation
These alarms are easy to install. The time spent is only a couple of hours. To correctly carry out the installation of a security type, you need to know the nuances of each of the elements.
Installing the control panel. For the equipment of a small room, a panel is sufficient, to which four sensors can be connected. If there are more of them, that's also good - they can be installed in additional places. The panel box itself must be installed so that it is invisible and protected. The power supply of the panel can be autonomous (battery) or combined (if the main power is turned off, the battery starts working). Panels can differ in the way they are programmed: manually, by a program on the Internet, or by launching the system in a store.
Installation of sensors. The most popular types are vibration and motion control elements.
The motion sensor should be installed directly at the point of possible penetration. There are rules for installing any of them.
- It is impossible that in the process of work they were covered by other objects.
- They should be installed away from heating appliances.
- It is important to avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
- Mounting should be done on a bracket in a place where there are no cyclic vibrations.
Upon completion of the installation, you should check the correct operation, connect the system. The sensor should start working immediately, after 30 seconds the indicator should light up.
The vibration sensor is installed on windows and doors. It can also be placed on those items that are forbidden to be touched, as well as special cabinets, drawers, safes.
Elements on the ceiling of the room so that they better capture the rise in temperature and smoke. It is easy to check such sensors - they bring a burning or smoking object, the device should give a signal in a few seconds.
Access keys
They are similar to the well-known intercom keys and have the same principle of operation. The main rule is not to leave them unattended and not to give them to outsiders; it will not be difficult to make a duplicate of such keys. More modern version- remote control. But modern criminals may have a special device that will allow you to read the code from such a key.
Signals of light and sound should be placed in hard-to-reach places protected from the weather. Be sure to check the functionality.
Security alarm repair
Modern equipment assumes high stability of its work.
In order to avoid failures, it is better to carry out preventive planned work, they will help to identify shortcomings in the work in time. If you still need repairs, you will have to call specialists and check the following details:
- hardware fixing, appearance and the state of installation;
- condition of wires and transitions;
- power supplies;
- sound and light alarms.
The modern option allows you to install a security alarm and video surveillance system.
Video surveillance itself can be mounted separately. But it is in conjunction with the alarm system that it is more effective. With the help of such a system, it is possible not only to observe what is happening at the protected facility at the present time, but also to record a possible penetration. The capabilities of the video system do not end there. It can give a light or sound signal and notify the necessary services or responsible persons.
Installing a burglar alarm is a mandatory security measure wealth and health of loved ones.LLC "SVM"
Classification of burglar alarm
Like any other type of warning systems, burglar alarms are divided into several types:
- Remote controller.
- Autonomy.
- Individual notification system.
- CCTV.
- Perimeter.
- Intercom.
- ACS.
Places of installation of the alarm system
The first four types of object protection are considered the most popular. Autonomous signaling for the most part does not transmit an alarm. In the event of an attempted entry or break-in, it turns on a light or sound alarm, which draws the attention of nearby patrols, neighbors, and others. The owner is responsible for the property. This type considered one of the cheapest ways to protect. Remote controller (eng. custodial service) is much more reliable, since it is the security organization that is responsible for the integrity of the object, the functioning of the system itself. At the time of the crime, a light or sound indication may be turned on, but in addition, the signal will come to the general control point, where lightning-fast measures will be taken to send a rapid response team to the scene.
Of course, the installation of a burglar alarm of this type will cost more, but it will provide better security, timely equipment testing, equipment replacement, installation. An individual type of alert involves the receipt of information about the danger on a person's phone or other portable receiver. When a theft is attempted, the owner of the premises receives a message or a bell rings, indicating an alarm. At the same time, sound and light indication is activated on the spot.. Video surveillance is carried out by installing several small cameras with certain technical characteristics that allow you to observe what is happening from the control point.
Installation nuances
Each type of alarm includes a large number of various sensors, combined into an integral complex, which allows you to deliver an alarm in time and prevent the theft of property. With the help of several detectors, it is possible to control individual rooms and the building as a whole. But the installation of such systems is closely related to other engineering communications buildings, therefore, for high-quality installation and trouble-free operation, the installation of a security alarm should be entrusted to highly qualified specialists.
The cost of the service must be discussed on an individual basis, since the calculation required material and the specifics of installation without a specific project is impossible.
The specialist will first visit the area, where he will determine the number of security points, the type of signaling required, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, and so on. This will allow you to accurately plan, and then calculate the final cost. will help you maintain peace of mind, confidence in the protection, security of property.
Satisfied customer
Systems" url="https://ip-sol.ru/sistemy/okhrannye-sistemy/">Security system - automated complex for the protection of various property objects (buildings, including the territory adjacent to them, individual premises, cars, water transport, safes, etc.). The term is generic for several types of systems. The main purpose is to prevent, if possible prevent or contribute to the prevention of situations in which harm will be done to people or material and non-material values, primarily related to the actions of others.
"Security systems" include any technical systems that enhance the security of an object.
Security systems we install
Wired burglar alarm
A system of security devices for detecting the appearance of an intruder at a protected facility and submitting an alarm notification to take measures to detain the intruder.
+ High reliability systems
- The need for a gasket cable system
= Used in medium and large enterprises of any field of activity
Radio channel GSM signaling.
Security system that notifies by SMS in case of operation of one of the sensors in the system. Such a security system may include wireless sensors traffic, glass breakage, fire, gas and water leaks.
+ Instant intrusion notifications via SMS to multiple numbers
+ Improves security by an order of magnitude when used in conjunction with video surveillance
+ Favorable cost
+ Does not require cabling
- It is not always possible to respond to penetration if a large distance from the object
= Used for apartments, private houses in cases where the budget is limited
Console security
Security system, which includes services for monitoring and response of mobile teams to alarm system events.
+ Team arrival time within 7-12 minutes after the alarm
+ SMS notification about the penetration of several numbers
+ 24/7 monitoring and response
+ Remote control via mobile application
- Monthly payments to the monitoring service
= Used for suburban housing and businesses where there is a risk of being robbed
The cost of access control and management systems
Wired security system for an office up to 100 sq.m., all materials and installation work included
From 35 000 rubles
To order
Security GSM alarm system for apartment or small office, all materials and installation work included
From 25 000 rubles
To order
Remote burglar alarm
From 1 500 rubles/month
To order
Capabilities of ACS systems
Motion / glass break detection
The structure of security systems includes motion sensors, glass breaking and door opening. Sensors register events and send an alarm signal. Protection against reaction to pets is provided.
Fire/water leakage detection
Security systems capable of detecting open fire or smoke in protected areas. Water leakage sensors will notify you of flooding and help you quickly prevent damage.
Instant SMS notifications
When an alarm event occurs, the system automatically sends an SMS notification to several phone numbers. This avoids or minimizes damage.
Wireless devices
Wireless equipment will allow you to install the system without construction works and garbage in premises with any repair.
Mobile teams with a response time of 5 to 15 minutes
The security system will send a signal to the remote control in the monitoring center and a response team will arrive at the scene within 5-12 minutes.
24/7 theft and attack protection
Security systems work around the clock, registering and reliably transmitting all alarm events to you or to the monitoring center.
What equipment is used
Manufacturers
RITM is a domestic company that creates quality devices for the protection of objects. The catalog of the company presents various units that allow you to secure movable and immovable property. Feature of production of the given enterprise - diminutiveness. All offered devices are compact, but they are not inferior in quality of functioning and breadth of possibilities to products from other manufacturers. Production: Russia
"Bolid" is a research and development enterprise founded in 1991. The main field of activity of the company is the creation of equipment for security systems, automation and remote access (dispatching). The company sets itself the main goal of increasing the efficiency of equipment by introducing new solutions to the market. Production: Russia
"Caesar Satellite" is the leader of the domestic market of real estate and vehicle security systems. The company provides advanced systems for monitoring and ensuring the safety and security of buildings and vehicles. It has favorable agreements with suppliers of raw materials and equipment, cooperates with major automakers and European security operators. Production: Russia
GULFSTREAM is the largest console security operator in Russia. The company provides modern systems security and security services for individuals and businessmen. Production: Russia
Where to begin?
1. Contact us
We are always in touch: we are available from 9 to 20 on weekdays and weekends by phone, e-mail and through the contact forms on the site.
2. Budget estimate in 30 minutes
You are getting optimal solution tasks: we regularly conduct market research and choose for you best solutions in terms of cost and features.
3. Demonstration of work and calculation of the proposal
Qualified system selection from professionals: a certified engineer will thoroughly examine your facility, conduct a demonstration of equipment and calculate an estimate.
4. System configuration
Operational preparation for installation: we will assemble your system in an average of 3 working days from our own warehouse from more than 200 positions.
5. System installation
Accurate, just-in-time installation full-time specialists (experience from 1 year / at least 50 installed systems) with the help of professional tool everything will be installed within the time specified in the contract.
6. Guarantees
Extended warranties: 30 days free service contract, 365 days labor warranty and lifetime technical support.
Any questions during operation? Prompt assistance and service from the technical support department.
8. Quality control of the system
Be confident in the quality of your system: during our cooperation, each system goes through several stages of quality control of work and equipment.
Installation of security systems
We distinguish three types of burglar alarms: wired, wireless burglar alarms and console security.
The installation of wired alarms optimally solves the problems of protecting medium and large distributed objects, where protection of a large number of premises is required. Wired security systems are more stable in operation and at the same time more difficult to install due to the need to lay a cable network.
Wired security systems are actively used in offices, factories and warehouses.
Wireless GSM alarms are designed to protect private property and small offices. GSM alarm systems use motion sensors, door opening, glass breaking, smoke and water leakage. Wireless devices are convenient to install in apartments and cottages with expensive repairs.
When an alarm occurs, the GSM alarm system sends an alarm signal to several phone numbers via SMS. Moreover, some devices provide for the installation of two SIM cards of different operators to increase reliability.
The weak point of such alarms is the low stability of the radio signal and the need to maintain devices (replacing batteries for sensors, replenishing the balance of SIM cards).
Console security is an established GSM alarm complete with the service of monitoring and rapid response of mobile teams. Brigades respond within 5-15 minutes, which in most cases makes it possible to prevent the unlawful actions of intruders.
Monitoring services are provided by our partners - the largest operators: Caesar Satellite and Gulf Stream.
The purpose of installing a security alarm system is to protect various objects (businesses, housing, etc.) from unauthorized access and penetration by unauthorized persons. This security measure greatly facilitates the work of security officers and reduces the staff of security services. Therefore, the installation of a security alarm in Moscow is carried out in most institutions and enterprises.
It would also be useful to install a security alarm in an apartment or a private house - many property owners in Moscow and the Moscow region understand the need for such a measure and willingly resort to it.
Often, experts recommend installing security alarm systems in parallel with the equipment fire fighting system- the price and volume of work at the same time do not increase too much, fire fighting and security sensors work great together in one system.
According to the principle of operation, experts distinguish several types of sensors (or security detectors, as these devices are also called), used in the installation of a security alarm:
- Ultrasonic.
- infrared.
- Radiation.
- Contact.
In addition, security sensors differ depending on which signal transmission channel they use - wired and wireless. also in recent times when installing a burglar alarm in Moscow, systems that use the possibilities mobile networks GSM standard - in this case, a signal about the operation of the sensor comes to the mobile phone.
Here are just a couple of examples from our practice, when the installation of a security alarm turned out to be a very timely and effective measure.
The office space of one of the companies that recently became our client is located in different parts Moscow and even in the nearest suburbs. Not so long ago, the management of the enterprise decided to install an intruder alarm in the offices, for this purpose they turned to us. It was decided to equip office rooms volumetric infrared sensors. Literally a few days after the installation of the security alarm system, the first alarm occurred - thieves climbed into one of the offices, coveting expensive office equipment and other valuables. Thanks to the timely received signal about the penetration, the criminals were detained by the police and punished according to the law. And the owners of the enterprise were able to avoid serious unplanned expenses that would have been inevitable if the criminal plan had succeeded.
Also, the installation of burglar alarm systems will help not only protect your property and protect people from unlawful encroachment, but also inform you in time about the danger in case of fire. I must say that this measure is not superfluous at all - it is not so rare that there are reports of deaths of people or property in a fire. As a rule, the cause of a fire turns out to be simple negligence, and without the installation of a burglar alarm, the cost of such carelessness can be quite high. And all this could have been avoided if the installation of a security alarm had been carried out on the burnt objects in time, which would have informed about the fire in time.
Basic requirements for an intruder alarm system
Since a lot depends on the correct and stable operation of the security alarm, the requirements for its reliability are quite high.
The main factors to pay attention to are the following:
- Guaranteed detection of unauthorized entry to your facility or the occurrence of a fire.
- Guarantee against false and accidental alarms of the security system.
If modern technical means, used in the installation of security alarm systems, allow you to very confidently and reliably detect a fire (smoke) or penetration into a protected object, then in terms of false or accidental operation of the system, the situation is somewhat different. The fact is that a lot can affect the sensors. various factors that cause them to work.
Therefore, in order to avoid false alarms after the installation of a security alarm, the system needs fine-tuning and calibration, which will help minimize the number of factors that lead to false alarms. Such work is only possible for specialists with relevant experience and equipment, therefore, when installing a security alarm, the price of work includes the costs of setting it up.
It is clear that today there are a large number of different security systems on the market, navigate and choose best option among which it will not be easy, so it is better to rely on the opinion of specialists in this matter. Having the relevant experience and taking into account the specifics of your facility, professionals will be able to most optimally select the equipment and install the security alarm.
For a non-specialist, we can advise you to focus on the cost of equipment - if, when installing a security alarm, its price seems too low compared to the average on the market, this is a reason to doubt the quality of the equipment used by the contractor. In this case, you can simply ask about the origin of the devices used, the availability of appropriate certificates, etc.
Installation of a security alarm system
This stage is the most responsible and important, since even high-tech and high-quality equipment, improperly installed, will not give you desired result. Therefore, when choosing a contractor for the upcoming installation of a security alarm, the price does not play the main role - it is important to take into account the competence and professionalism of specialists.
Also, when installing a security alarm, you should choose only high-quality and sound equipment and equipment that will ensure full and constant control over the situation at the protected facility.
Some burglar alarm installation companies seek to reduce the price of their services by using low quality and cheap equipment. I would like to warn you right away - such a “saving” on the price of quality can subsequently turn into not only additional significant costs for troubleshooting, but also serious problems with the performance of the system itself.
Remember: a solid and professional installation of a security alarm system will help you solve all the problems associated with the protection of your facilities, optimize the staff of the security service, while maintaining material values and ensure the safety of people. And the cost of installing a burglar alarm will be much less than the costs incurred as a result of theft or fire.
Helpful information:
- the SpektrPrestizh+ company carries out installation of the security alarm system.
Installation of a security alarm
If you order installation and installation in our company SpektrPrestige + LLC, then you are turning to highly qualified professionals who know a lot about right choice and competent installation of the equipment and systems you need.
You will be pleasantly surprised by the installation prices fire alarm and other systems.
We are also engaged in warranty and post-warranty maintenance of installed security systems, which is also important when operating complex equipment.
When drawing up the budget, the following are taken into account:
- Climatic conditions (season);
- Work at a height of over 3 m;
- Conditions of tightness of the work being carried out, etc.
Overhead costs included in the estimate include:
- Fare;
- All fees and taxes;
- Production (office) costs (this includes rent, stationery, electricity, internet, telephone, etc.);
- Input control of equipment;
- Use of tools, machines and mechanisms;
- Unexpected expenses;
- Warranty costs.