Make your own phytohormones for plants. potted plants or ornamental

Plant growth stimulants have long been successfully used in large-scale agricultural production. It is thanks to growth regulators that monoculture on large areas without significant damage to environment, marketability and health qualities of fruits, and thanks to it - a reduction in the cost of production while increasing productivity per unit area. It can be said without exaggeration that the transition from intensive soil fertilization to regulation of plant growth is a matter of human survival. Growth regulators, or phytohormones, encourage plants to make better use of available opportunities. Figuratively speaking, thanks to phytohormones, plants grow into healthy, fleshy, strong men, and not pot-bellied, sick gluttons.

The results are more than clear, see fig. However, in Russia there is a peculiar phenomenon that was inherited from the USSR: small-scale or private farming for own consumption. With skillful management, it turns out to be surprisingly effective, environmentally friendly and resistant to various kinds of external influences. But plant growth regulators have come into use by small private growers relatively recently, and their use sometimes raises serious questions. The application, it would seem, exactly according to the instructions, the product, which is full of rave reviews, can give the opposite result as expected (see the figure on the right). The reason is that monoculture on tens of hectares is not at all the same as polyculture on several hundred square meters. This article is intended to help gardeners, gardeners and summer residents understand the variety of commercially available phytohormone preparations and choose the right ones for themselves.

Note: under what conditions it is advisable to use regulators and plant growth stimulants, see video:

Video: plant growth stimulants - to use or not?

Types and mechanisms of action

Plants do not have narrowly specific hormones, as in animal organisms (an example is insulin). Phytohormones are low molecular weight (molecular weight up to 20 kDa) organic compounds with a fairly wide spectrum of action. In plants, phytohormones always interact to some extent, complementing or weakening each other's influence. This is precisely what explains the failures in their use by inexperienced plant growers: there are no means “from this” or “for this” among phytohormones, and the same substance, when external conditions may act differently.

Enough complex scheme the action of phytohormones on plants and their interaction in a simplified form is given in Fig.:

The generally accepted classification of growth regulators and their accompanying phytohormones is as follows:

• , gibberellins - growth stimulants. Auxins stimulate the growth and correct orientation of the formed vegetative photosynthetic parts to the light. - young vegetative (unfolding leaves), generative (fruits) or derived from vegetative storage (bulbs, corms, heads).
• - natural antagonists-inhibitors of stimulants.
• Abscisins (derivatives of abscisic acid ABA; English ABA) are inhibitors of general action.
• Protective hormones - are produced by the plant and act when external conditions worsen.

Note: Cytokinins in the strict sense are not growth inhibitors, tk. stimulate cell division, as well as auxins with gibberellins, only in fully formed damaged, generative (ripening seeds) or underground storage (tubers, root crops) parts of plants.

In addition, there are plant “survival hormones”. For example, jasmonates inhibit the germination of non-dormant seeds and stimulate the germination of dormant ones, i.e. contribute to the resumption of plantings after a severe drought, pest invasions. Plants produce haloprotective hormones when the soil is salinized, and so on. "Survival hormones" are not used in productive crop production.

Note:, krezacin, polypeptides and oligosaccharides have a general strengthening effect on plants, which creates the appearance of an effect on growth, but they are not phytohormones. An overdose of drugs of general action greatly depresses and weakens the plants. In the vast majority of cases, plants in the garden and vegetable garden are fully provided with stimulating substances of general action.

About ethylene

Ethylene is the only gaseous phytohormone. Produced by ripe fruits. The scheme for the use of ethylene in commercial crop production is as follows:

1. Fruits are removed unripe, at the very beginning of the "white filling";
2. The crop is stored under conditions that suppress their own physiological activity of the fruit: darkness, low temperature, supply and exhaust ventilation;
3. The next batch for sale is placed in a gas chamber, ethylene is let in;
4. After 12-24 hours, the fully ripened fruits are taken out.

Ethylene is a combustible gas. In high concentrations, in a mixture with air, it is explosive, as well as a toxic and psychoactive substance. Therefore, the ethylation of agricultural products is carried out by individual enterprises with specially trained and trained personnel, in compliance with all precautions. Ethylene is not used in small private crop production.

Action and interaction

AT vivo in plants, there is an exact balance of phytohormones. Due to the physiological plasticity of the plant organism, it can be shifted in the right direction by processing growth regulators:

• Processing with auxins gives an increase in green mass.
• The use of gibberellins allows you to get abundant flowering and reduce the fall of the ovaries.
• Cytokinins increase the number and germination of seeds in fruits, weight, sugar content and starch content of root crops and tubers.
• Abscisins suppress the action of stimulants in case of a sharp deterioration in external conditions in order to save as much of the crop as possible.
• Brassinosteroids are used under consistently adverse external conditions (in bad years) in order to collect the maximum possible yield.

Based on this, a typical scheme for the use of phytohormones in polyculture in small areas is as follows:

1. Seeds before sowing and seedlings before planting are treated with cytokinins;
2. In a bad year, after sowing in the ground or planting seedlings, brassinosteroids are used;
3. Seedlings at the stage of 3-4 true leaves are given auxins;
4. For green and salad crops, auxin treatment is repeated before flowering;
5. At the same stage, cytokinins are given to root crops and tubers;
6. Gibberellins are given to fruit crops at the beginning of flowering for less ovary fall, more quantity, size and commercial qualities of fruits;
7. Plants that produce fruits intended for canning in an immature form (cucumbers for gherkins, tomatoes for green tomatoes) are treated with abscisins after the formation of ovaries;
8. If the crop or part of it goes to storage (for example, late brown tomatoes for ripening in the room, apples and pears of the maturing "winter" varieties), the plants are treated with abscisins 5-7 days before harvesting or its residues.

About cuttings and cuttings

Cytokinins in paste form are very effective in rescuing dying houseplants by cutting from the still viable parts. For the fastest rooting of cuttings planted in the ground (for example, grapes, raspberries), soaking the material taken in a heteroauxin solution has long been used. However, it is possible to cause the earliest and more abundant formation of roots in cuttings by natural methods, see for example. video clip:

Video: natural root growth stimulants

Substances and preparations

Plant growth regulators and stimulants are commercially available and pure form: heteroauxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, epibrassinolide, abscisic acid (ABA). However, pure phytohormones are used only individually for indoor plants: here you need an accurate microdosage, some experience, and the costs and labor for processing crops open ground will be oversized.

When giving plants pure phytohormones (unless, of course, you have a well-equipped biochemical laboratory at hand), you should observe Golden Rule: give only one substance at a time. Another, if it seems necessary - at least a week after keeping the plant in favorable conditions (sufficient watering, light, fresh air). Otherwise, a situation may arise, as if both cups of analytical balances were loaded with an exactly equal load of 10-20 kilos. Is there a balance? Yes, but the scales will break. That is, the balance of phytogromones in the plant must be shifted, as it were, “horizontally”. Overdone it? In a more or less reasonable limit? Phytohormones are not nitrates, the plant simply will not accept extra ones.

Finished preparations

The best growth stimulants for small-scale private crop production are produced in the form of complex action preparations containing a set of phytohormones, protectors and nutrients that the plant will need immediately after its metabolism is “boosted” by hormones. Due to their ease of use and stable results, they have shown themselves well in dacha gardening:

• – general purpose based on auxins with protectors.
• Epin-extra - more expensive, prem. for cucumbers (see below).
• - for seedlings, root crops and tubers. The basis is cytokinins and protectors
• Etamon is an analogue of Kornevin for foliar feeding.
• - also on cytokinins with fungicides. Stronger than Kornevin; also contributes to the budding and preservation of the ovaries. Designed primarily for woody and shrubby fruit.
• Bud and Ovary - for fruit budding based on gibberellins.

Note: how to properly apply Epin, Kornevin and Zircon, see the stories below:

Video: on the correct use of growth stimulants

In addition, additional to the above and special formulations are produced:

• Narcissus - mainly for cut flowers. Narcissus B strengthens petioles; Narcissus H - resistance in cut form.
• Silk - stimulates productive tillering, increases the sugar content of fruits + phytoprotectors.
• Agate 25K - increases the germination of seeds and reduces the fall of the ovaries.
• Amulet - helps plants to endure sudden stress.
• Cytovit is a complex of trace elements to enhance the action of Epin and Zircon for the same purpose.

Relatively little known to gardeners, but quite suitable for polyculture in small areas are also such plant-stimulating preparations:

1. Sodium humate - for greenhouse cucumbers so that they do not get bitter from the first spring airing (see below).
2. Biohumate (produced in Belarus) - the same, but it is good because it works stably, if applied simply according to the instructions.
3. Immunocytophyte is a phytoprotector based on arachidonic acid. Increases the resistance of plants to stress and a number of diseases that spoil the crop, for example. potato late blight.
4. Gibbersib for ovary - high effective drug on gibberellins. Able to increase the fruit yield up to 40% (!) Against the control in the same area.

How to apply pro

The last 2 drugs were originally intended for use on large areas in a well-established economy. For summer residents, we give recipes for their use in polyculture on patches of land:

Gibbersib for the ovary - 0.2 g (2 powders) per hundred square meters. Spray at the transition from budding to flowering and then a week later. Process in dry, calm weather in the evening (preferably) or at dawn. Working solutions:

• Nightshade (tomatoes, vegetable peppers, eggplant) - 2 powders per 2 liters of water.
• Open ground cucumbers - 1 powder per 2 liters of water.
• Cabbage - 2 powders per 3 liters of water.

Plants are sprayed individually with a manual “pshikalka” spray gun so that there is enough for everything. The solution must be used on the day of preparation.

Immunocytophyte - a solution of 1-2 tablets in 3 liters of water. The plants are sprayed for the first time, as soon as the first buds begin to unfold, then after 3-4 weeks. The order of processing is the same as before. case.

About cucumbers

Cucumbers are bitter if, after the start of flowering, the plants experienced stress in the form of a sharp change in external conditions. This is a defensive reaction: I feel good - please eat the fruits, spread the seeds. It must be, and there the descendants will be fine. I feel bad - probably bad everywhere. Let the fruits fall off and the offspring sprout even here, where I have already taken root. In crowded but not mad.

The use of phytohormones with phytoprotectors for cucumbers, as it were, hardens the plants. The fact that without this it would be a lot of stress is now uneasy, as well as a seasoned person compared to a sissy. Greenhouse cucumbers are slender in nature, it is useless to teach them to “walrus”. In order not to get bitter, you need to give a tonic - sodium humate or biohumate (see above) 2-3 days before the first spring airing. Potassium humate is not good!

Above cucumbers in open ground, you need, firstly, to stretch the sunscreen. And in a bad, cloudy year - too. The grid does not noticeably weaken the diffused light, but will create a zone of a favorable stable microclimate under it. And then you need to give Epina-extra cucumbers simply according to the instructions on the package. Epin-extra is completely synthetic (Epin is simply obtained from plant materials). Epin-extra acts stronger and more. AT good year the difference between them is not noticeable, but in a bad one on cucumbers it is very clearly visible.

Finally

There is no panacea for humans or plants. The increase (gain) in yield from the use of stimulants and growth regulators is achieved due to the reserve of physiological plasticity of plants. And for him it is necessary that general terms and Conditions their contents were favorable: correct handling soil, timely and according to the norm of fertilizing (the plot is small, you can’t organize crop rotation), regular watering of the plantings according to the need. If the economy is done carelessly, there will be no sense from any miraculous drugs. This is the first.

Second. Phytohormones and related substances have a wide spectrum of action. The author once observed how two summer residents once fought because of a dispute over which is better - Kornevin or Epin. They pulled them apart, figured it out - one has a plot on loam, and the other on sandy loam. That is, in order to achieve the effect of plant growth stimulants and regulators, you need to understand the basics of agrochemistry and plant physiology at least at an amateur level. It is not so difficult, but savings on family food costs per year can reach 30-40%. Count your own and estimate - but how far, in terms of money, will it be until some kind of cherished dream? And you will see that she has become much closer.

Plant growth biostimulants are specialized drugs that affect the germination of seeds, the growth and development of seedlings, the yield and decorative properties of an adult bush. They reinforce defense mechanisms, increase the ability to withstand stress and poor conditions, help fight disease. Depending on the form of preparation, they are divided into natural and artificially created preparations.

Functions of Stimulant Drugs

Biostimulants are successfully used at home and on an industrial scale in fields, greenhouses, greenhouses.

Designed for:

• accelerating the formation of the root system, increasing the survival rate of seedlings;
• rejuvenation of aged plants and strengthening of young ones;
• the formation of a large amount of green mass of plants, accelerating the growth of shoots and the process of division;
• acceleration of ovaries, preservation of abundant and long flowering;
• enhancing the color shades of the plant;
• instilling resistance to adverse weather events and pest attacks;
• recovery from mechanical damage, elimination of the consequences of unscrupulous care;
• increasing seed germination and vegetative properties of cuttings.

Artificial drugs are enhanced by special biological additives and nutrients, but natural phytohormones, which are contained in foods familiar to humans, are taken as the basis.

Products and solutions used to enhance seed germination

Many flower growers and summer residents prefer not to use chemicals that stimulate growth, replacing them with natural remedies. When germinating seeds at home, as strong biostimulants, use:

1. Honey solution: 1 tsp the product is dissolved in 1 glass of water, poured into a saucer so that the seeds are completely hidden, and left in the liquid for 5-6 hours.
2. Aloe juice. Cut aloe leaves are placed in the refrigerator, wrapped in plastic bag, for 2 week. Then the juice is squeezed, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1, and the seeds are kept in the resulting solution for 24 hours.
3. Dried mushrooms. To prepare the infusion, dried mushrooms are poured with boiling water, and the infusion is allowed to cool; then the seeds are placed in it for 6 hours.
4. Ash infusion. 2 tablespoons are diluted in 1 liter of water. ash, insist 2 days, place the seeds in it for 3-6 hours.
5. Complex tool. The first step is preparing onion infusion: 2 handfuls of husks are poured with a liter of boiling water. The resulting solution is mixed with ash, manganese 1 g, boric acid 0.1 g are added to the mixture, baking soda 5 gr. In the resulting mixture, the seeds are soaked for 8 hours.

After applying any of the solutions, the seeds are dried and sown in the ground. Additionally, you can rinse them in a solution of potassium permanganate to disinfect them from harmful microbes.

For better rooting of cuttings, ordinary raw baker's yeast is used, stirring 100 g of the product in 1 liter of water. Prepared cuttings are placed in the resulting mixture for a day; rinse them out over time clean water, and placed to grow roots in water or soil mixture. The remains of the yeast mixture are applied to the beds as a fertilizer.

Means to enhance growth, flowering, ovary formation

A common technique among flower growers who want to spend preventive actions from pests and stimulate the development of flowers, is the strait of the soil with hot (but not burning) water. The temperature of the shower water should be tolerable for the hand and not cause discomfort. Before a shower, the plants are watered with ordinary water, after two hours they are placed in a bath and each pot is poured for 2 minutes with a shower jet. After the procedure, leave the pots in the bathroom all night to dry and remove excess water. Such bathing is recommended for many houseplants (with the exception of saintpaulia), it helps to fight harmful insects that live in the soil and activates plant growth.

For more abundant flowering and acceleration of ovaries, plants are fed castor oil, spreading 1 tsp. per 1 liter of water, and shaking the composition well. For the same purposes, it is watered with chilled potato broth and a solution of granulated sugar. garden crops: cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes stimulate the formation of ovaries with the help of boric acid. It is also suitable for fertilizing trees and shrubs. To make a solution, 1 sachet of boric acid is mixed in 2 liters of water and the leaves are sprayed during the flowering period, then immediately after the end of the flowering period, and one more time - 14 days after the end of flowering.

For decorative green and variegated flowers, milk stimulation is used. To do this, 100 ml of milk is dissolved in 1 liter of water and the soil is shed 3 hours after normal watering.

Cucumbers also love this fertilizer; for cooking, 1 liter of milk is diluted in 10 liters of water.

To increase the green mass of leaves in the spring, aquarium water rich in small living microorganisms is added to pots with plants. Many indoor and garden flowers love apple infusion. To prepare it, 1 kg of fresh, finely chopped apples is soaked in 5 liters of water for two days.

Valerian juice is suitable for moistening the soil and leaves of any plants and is a strong stimulant. Fresh grass is crushed, a little water is added, squeezed into a glass container and stored in the refrigerator. To make a solution, add 30 drops of valerian juice to 1 bucket of water for irrigation.

Infusions that increase immunity and protect against pests

An affordable and easy-to-use pesticide: a decoction or infusion of onion peel. Prevents bacteriosis of cabbage and tomatoes, protects against aphids and mites, thrips and codling moths, caterpillars and bedbugs. Onion peel infusion is prepared by the following methods:

• 300 g of fine husks are mixed with 10 liters of warm water, left for 4 days, decanted and sprayed with the resulting composition of trees and shrubs;
• half a bucket of onion peel is steamed with boiling water, poured to the top, insisted for a day, filtered, diluted with water in the same amount and irrigated plants with a threat from aphids;
• in 1 liter hot water soak 10 g of onion peel, chopped in a meat grinder; insist 8 hours, decant the resulting infusion, and spray the plants with a spray bottle.

Treatment with these preparations protects against the development of rot and fungal colonies on damaged areas of plants.

Nettle infusion strengthens the condition of plants and protects against harmful microbes. To make nettles, soak them in water for 2-3 days, filter, and dilute with water 1:10. Comfrey infusion, introduced into the ground at the end of summer, will help prepare the soil for wintering. It contains a lot of potassium and nitrogen, necessary for the full development of plants. Preparation is similar to the previous recipe.

A decoction of horsetail eliminates rust from the leaves, fights powdery mildew, repels spider mite. The grass is poured with cold water for a day, then boiled, filtered and sprayed on the plants. For cultivation, the land is added to water for irrigation.

Artificial means to activate plant growth

The range of artificially created biostimulants is presented various options, differing in purpose, method of use and manufacturer. Preparations are single-component, universal, specialized. They are conditionally divided into the following groups:

• universal - increase germination, give more abundant flowering, improve yield, maintain plant health;
• for reproduction and cultivation of seedlings - stimulate the development of the root system;
• to activate the growth of vegetable and fruit crops - reduce the number of empty flowers, increase productivity;
• to stimulate flowering - increase the number of buds of garden plants;
• for protection - they support in bad conditions, strengthen the immune system, purify the soil;
• for improvement decorative properties- used for indoor plants.

When using a biostimulant, it is necessary to follow the required dosage, and follow the specified processing method.

Phytohormones, biostimulants, immunomodulators - all these names are used to define the same substances and compounds that are used in home gardening to accelerate growth, lush flowering and high yield different cultures. Plant growth stimulants can be bought at a flower shop, but a preparation prepared independently at home will be no less effective. It is important to correctly use the composition that stimulates the active growth of plants - each has its own characteristics and differences. Then the home greenhouse will delight the eye all year round with juicy, bright greenery and lush color.

After working out with growth stimulants, seedlings appear faster.

Do not confuse stimulants for the growth of indoor plants with top dressings, fertilizers and medicines. This is not a panacea for all the problems that can periodically arise in home floriculture. Such products can improve the appearance of plants in pots. But pests and diseases will not be relieved or replaced by comprehensive systematic care.

Phytohormones for plants have the following effect:

• accelerate seed germination;
• help cuttings take root better and faster;
• contribute to the formation of the ovary;
• increase and maintain plant immunity;
• protect against temperature fluctuations during the change of seasons.

But this effect provides only the correct application. It makes no sense to use immunomodulators if a houseplant is flooded with water or vice versa, suffers from rare watering. If the flower pot is on a cold windowsill or in a draft.

Similarly, biostimulants do not protect against diseases and insects. They can only help to overcome the defeat more easily, provided that the owners take care of eliminating the problem and preventing its recurrence.

What are stimulants?

The most popular among flower growers are the following drugs:

• "Kornevin";
• "Heteroauxin";
• "Zircon";
• "Epin";
• "Athlete";
• "Energy".

All these agents are plant growth stimulants for home use. In their action, they are very similar, but the composition and features of the application may vary. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in detail the most popular and effective of them.

Heteroauxin

"Heteroauxin" accelerates the formation of roots and strengthens them.

These are tablets, the active ingredient of which is indoleacetic acid - the main hormone of plant crops. You can recognize the product by its characteristic, pungent odor. Tablets are dissolved in warm water in various dosages - depending on the task. And then use according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Kornevin

This is a very popular drug, which is an alternative to the first. Kornevin contributes primarily to root system houseplants, the main active ingredient is indolylbutyric acid in powder.

This form provides a very convenient, simple and quick application of the product. Before planting, cuttings should simply be sprinkled with this agent, and then immersed in moistened soil.

The process of processing a cutting of geranium with the preparation "Kornevin".

If it is more convenient to work with a liquid solution, then it is prepared in a certain proportion with warm water. "Kornevin" and "Heteroauxin" are leaders among compounds for stimulating the growth of indoor plants. But the first one has one significant drawback - it is often faked.

It is more difficult to fake pills, which is why there is a false opinion that Heteroauxin is more effective than Kornevin. Most likely, this opinion has developed due to the reviews of gardeners who have encountered precisely fake, low-quality powder.

Appin

Plant growth stimulator "Epin" differs from analogues - it is a completely natural product, environmentally friendly and safe. It acts in a complex way in several directions at once:

• stimulates plant immunity;
• supports them in extreme conditions- for example, when transporting to another locality in cold weather, with forced frequent transfers;
• accelerates the growth of cuttings and seedlings.

Such high efficiency is provided by the active component of the drug - epibrassinolide. Since 2003, the domestic manufacturer has been using an improved preparation for the manufacture of this product, therefore the name has changed. Now on sale you can find "Epin" or "Epin-extra". It does not hurt for inexperienced flower growers to find out that there is no difference in the composition, the latter simply contains a better and faster active ingredient.

Processing the roots of the orchid "Epin".

But in order for the drug to work fully, it must be protected from an alkaline environment and ultraviolet radiation - under the influence of these factors, it loses its effectiveness. Therefore, when preparing a solution, a little citric acid or lemon juice should be added to the water. And carry out top dressing in the evening, after sunset.

Zircon

This tool is also made from natural substances and has a versatile effect:

• promotes seed germination;
• helps cuttings take root;
• stimulates the growth and flowering of flowers, increases the yield of fruit-bearing crops;
• protects against viruses;
• protects against the development of gray mold and powdery mildew.

This phytohormone for plants has a very strong stimulating effect on the roots. And if other top dressings for the horse color system were used before, now they need to be canceled.

"Zircon" is a liquid product that must be diluted in water according to the instructions.

When are biostimulants needed?

This is not to say that the use of these products is mandatory in the list of regular procedures for caring for indoor plants. Each grower decides for himself whether he needs it or not. If biostimulants are not introduced, the plants also feel great, moreover, from an incorrectly selected and injected preparation, they will feel worse.

Therefore, if it is already decided to support the plants in the house with phytohormones, they must be used strictly according to the instructions, in no case violating the dosage and frequency of feeding. For preventive purposes, experienced people recommend using Epin. It acts milder and is well tolerated by almost all cultures.

If the plant is already withering, suffering from diseases and pests, then it is better to switch to Zircon. It can also be used as a good analogue of "Epin", the latter's code was not found for sale, but the plant needs to be supported.

Experts also recommend that you definitely purchase one of the above funds if an exotic newcomer has appeared in your home garden. Tropical plants find it difficult to take root in more severe climatic conditions. Of course they will need food.

As was said, all these drugs will not have the expected effect if the dosage is reduced or increased and the recommended administration regimen is violated. Flower growers are advised to strengthen and feed indoor plants according to the following scheme:

• treat the seeds during the germination period with "Heteroauxin";
• as soon as shoots appear, start using "Epin";
• spray seedlings with "Etamon" - the plants will quickly throw out the leaves and bloom;
• before flowering, for a better ovary, apply "Bud".

If fruit-bearing crops are grown, then you can use such a tool as "Athlete". Regular use of this biostimulant can increase the yield by two to three times.

How to make your own biostimulants

The simplest and most affordable biostimulant that you can make yourself at home is a solution of natural bee honey. For 500 ml warm water half a teaspoon of honey will suffice. Before planting, the cuttings are kept in such a tool for up to 6 hours, and the bulbs of plants - up to 12. Before transferring them to the ground, you need to rinse the root part of the cuttings and bulbs with clean water.

You can also use agave juice. A tablespoon of juice is squeezed out of aloe leaves, poured into a glass of water, covered with a lid and placed in the refrigerator for one week. Then ready mix dilute with clean water to a volume of five liters, and use as directed.

Plant growth stimulator can be prepared independently using aloe juice.

There are many foods and recipes that gardeners use to make the most different dressings and growth promoters. Sometimes home remedies are more effective than purchased drugs - in any case, they are definitely not fake.

What would be the means to accelerate growth houseplant not used, you should always remember:

• for fast growing and luxuriant flowering plant you will need a powerful biostimulator in large quantities;
• for a sluggish and painful flower, you need a delicate, gentle remedy in moderate dosages.

Prices for biostimulants may vary depending on the region and the weight of the package. On average, the cost of the above funds does not exceed 200 rubles. You can buy drugs in specialized stores in your city or order online. In order not to run into a fake, use the services of trusted companies and stores.

Biostimulants for plants, their purpose and use. Biostimulants used in Belarus are described: Epin, Kornevin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, Peat Oxidate, etc.

The use of plant growth regulators in practice makes it possible to obtain changes in metabolism that are identical to those that occur under the influence of certain external conditions (day length, temperature, etc.), for example, accelerate the formation of generative organs, enhance or inhibit growth, etc. To enhance growth and organogenesis cultivated plants biostimulants such as auxins and gibberellins are used, and for inhibition - synthetic growth inhibitors, including defoliants causing leaf fall, and desiccants- drying of organs or whole plants.

Synthetic auxin-type stimulants (b-indoleacetic acid, or heteroauxin, b-indolylbutyric committee, a-naphthyl-acetic committee, or ANU) are used to enhance root formation in woody and herbaceous plants, improve tissue fusion during their transplantation, and, to prevent falling off of ovaries in fruit trees and berries, etc. These substances are used in various concentrations (from 20 to 1000 mg / l) depending on the method of their application to the plant. Gibberellins are used to enhance the growth of berries of seedless grape varieties, to bring potato tubers out of dormancy, to enhance the growth of hemp and flax stems, and to accelerate the fruiting of tomatoes.

Synthetic growth inhibitors are used to delay germination during storage, inhibit the growth of grass stalks to increase resistance to lodging (retardants), kill weeds (herbicides), etc. The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of synthetic inhibitors on plants is not well understood. It has been established that most of them retard growth by uncoupling the processes of phosphorylation and respiration, suppressing the synthesis of nucleic acids.

The most common method of treating plants with growth regulators is spraying. So, to prevent the fall of the ovaries, fruit trees and berries are sprayed with ANU-type stimulants and its derivatives.

Biostimulants for plants - application

Biostimulants are used for more intensive seed germination, better plant survival, rooting cuttings, increasing plant resistance to diseases, as well as to adverse environmental conditions, increasing yields, etc.

The market offers big choice biostimulants. Methods of application are described in detail in the instructions for their use. Therefore, here we present only short description the most common biostimulants on the Belarusian market.

Biostimulants for plants. Appin

Appin- provides: acceleration of seed germination, rooting of seedlings during picking and replanting, acceleration of maturation and increase in yield, protection of plants from frost and stress, resistance to peronosporosis, bacteriosis, fusarium, revival of weakened and rejuvenation of old plants, neutralization of nitrates, etc.

Biostimulants for plants. Kornevin

Kornevin- used for rooting, berry, ornamental and flower crops, accelerating root formation during cuttings, improving the survival rate of seedlings of vegetable and flower crops during transplantation. It is used in dry form and in the form of a solution.

Dry. Powder the root system of seedlings or seedlings before planting. Moisten the cuttings before rooting with water and immerse them lower part into the drug.

In the form of a solution. Dissolve the contents of the package (5 g) in 5 liters of water. Water seedlings and seedlings with the resulting solution under the root after planting. Soak bulbs and corms of gladioli, tulips, lilies, etc. in the solution before planting for 16-20 hours.

Biostimulants for plants. Zircon

Zircon- used as a growth regulator, root former, flowering and disease resistance inducer, obtained from plant materials.

The use of Zircon provides: increased germination and accelerated germination of seeds (especially substandard ones); acceleration of growth and development of plants for 5-10 days; increase in productivity by 35-60%; improving the quality of the products obtained; decrease in accumulation heavy metals; stimulation of fruit and root formation; protection of plants from frost, drought, excess moisture, lack of light. Zircon accelerates the beginning of flowering of ornamental crops, increases the yield of elite products. It also reduces the degree of damage by many diseases, for example, late blight, peronosporosis, bacteriosis, fusarium, gray rot, and etc.

Biostimulants for plants. Humic preparations

Humic substances (humates)- Regulators, or growth stimulants that enhance plant growth. In addition, they reduce the amount of nitrates in plants, improve the taste of vegetables and fruits, accelerate their ripening, increase the size of fruits and lengthen the fruiting period. In addition, humates enhance root formation, which is extremely important for plants with a weak root system (pepper, cabbage, etc.). These substances help plants to endure cold snaps and frosts, oxygen starvation in the soil and other "misfortunes". They are sold in packages in solid granules, as well as diluted under different names and in different concentrations.

In demand in Belarus. Highly efficient, environmentally friendly natural stimulant growth, development and protection of plants "Peat Oxidate", tested and recommended by the Research Institute of Vegetable Growing, Potato Growing, Soil Science, Agriculture and Feed, Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Central botanical garden National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus and a number of leading research institutes of the Russian Federation.

Tests were carried out on almost all agricultural crops, cereals, vegetables, fruit and berries and shrubs, potatoes, flax, fodder and medicinal herbs, flowers, ornamental crops, including conifers, lawn grasses. It is also used for soaking seed, as part of complex mineral fertilizers, in protective and stimulating compositions, with plant protection products.

Application "Peat oxidate» gives a tangible effect: it increases the yield of agricultural crops, reduces the dose of mineral fertilizers, promotes the growth and strengthening of the root system, accelerates the growth, development and maturation of all types of plants, increases the protective functions of plants to adverse weather conditions(frost, drought, waterlogging and salinization of the soil), reduces the effects of stress factors during transplantation, reduces the incidence of late blight, scab, root and wet rot, increases the shelf life of agricultural products, improves the structure and biological activity of the soil (especially effective on soils with low humus content).

Biostimulants for plants. Immunocytophyte

Immunocytophyte– multi-purpose stimulator of defense reactions, growth and development of plants. The action of the drug is based on the stimulation of growth processes and the natural immunity of plants to diseases. Immunocytophyte is effective against late blight, rhizoctoniosis, various types of scab, powdery mildew, gray and white rot, bacteriosis and other diseases, promotes wound healing.

Biostimulants for plants. Heteroauxin

Heteroauxin(potassium salt of indoleacetic acid) - a root formation stimulator. The drug promotes the formation of roots and baby bulbs in bulbs, corms and cuttings. To accelerate rooting, green cuttings of plants are soaked in a solution of heteroauxin (2 tablets per 10 liters of water) for 10-16 hours. The use of heteroauxin is especially important when rooting cuttings of plants that are difficult to vegetatively propagate. The use of heteroauxin does not replace compliance temperature regime and maintain optimal humidity.

You can order the treatment of your plants with Biostimulants:

The material was prepared by: horticultural specialist Buynovsky O.I.

Growth regulators (phytoregulators) are a very powerful tool for plant management, and like any powerful tool, it requires certain professional knowledge for conscious, correct and safe use.

What most of us know about phytoregulators - when planting, treatment with root, if the plant is bad - spraying with epin, and someday - feeding with humates. In fact, the choice of drugs that affect various processes in the plant is very wide. Phytoregulators open up truly inexhaustible possibilities for us to control plants. They can and should be used in cases where we want to radically restructure growth processes, increase plant resistance to adverse conditions, increase plant resistance to harmful microorganisms and insects, overcome toxic effect chemicals, and simply increase the attractiveness of plants and correct some of the almost inevitable shortcomings of individual crops and varieties.

The range of problems faced by nurseries and creators ornamental gardens, as well as the gardeners caring for them, is very diverse. This is what often prevents us from issuing ready-made recommendations for each specific case. For a correct reaction to this or that event in the life of plants, especially considering their diversity in the ornamental garden, it is necessary to understand how the plant is arranged and how phytoregulators carry out their action. This is what we will devote the first section of this article to.

How do phytoregulators work? To understand or remember this, let's analyze a few theses ...

1. A sign is a substance.

The structure and properties of organisms in general and plants in particular - a set signs . Signs change during the development of the organism. For example, a leaf turns yellow in autumn. This is due to the fact that there is an active destruction of chlorophylls and other pigments - anthocyanins and carotenoids become more noticeable and dominate in color. That is, a sign of color change is a change in the content of pigment substances. So, all other signs can be decomposed into a change in the content of certain substances with a detailed study. How harder sign, the greater the number of substances involved in its formation.

2. Substances are formed in the plant under the action of enzymes and move with the help of transport proteins.

All processes of formation, transformation and destruction of substances in the body are under the control of biological catalysts - enzymes. That is, the amount of a particular substance in the cell depends on the activity of the enzymes involved in the formation of this substance or its destruction. Another way of changing the content of a substance is the active transport by carrier proteins, that is, the intensity with which the substance is pumped into the cell or pumped out of it.

3. Enzymes are proteins, which means they are products of genes.

Enzymes and transporters are chemical structure proteins. And therefore, for them

construction requires the appropriate genes that determine the sequence of amino acid residues in the molecule, and hence its shape and properties. Most of enzyme and transporter genes refers to genes inducible, that is, requiring for its activation some signals that turn on and off their work.

4. Phytohormones are one of the tools for controlling genes and the activity of transport proteins.

The signals that control the activity of genes or transport proteins are, to a large extent, molecules of substances that are produced as a by-product or parallel product during the most important physiological processes, and serve as indicators of their intensity. These substances have undergone a long selection in the course of evolution and are called phytohormones.

5. Phytohormones are formed in the plant and control flows nutrients, the response of the plant to changing external conditions and coordinate the development various bodies plants.

The main phytohormones that stimulate growth processes are formed in meristems. In the apical meristem of the shoot, auxin, at the root apex - cytokinins, in the generative meristem that will give rise to the flower - brassinosteroids. Formed in leaves and roots gibberellins. It is these hormones that determine the flow of nutrients to the place of their formation, and, consequently, the maximum concentration. It is these hormones that determine the hierarchy of meristems - which of them will receive how many nutrients, which means the growth of organs to which this meristem gives rise. Increased production of auxin determines the predominant growth of the apical bud, intercepting nutrition from the lateral ones, and the associated ankle-shaped pyramidal crown structure. The appearance of generative meristems and brassinosteroids switches the main flow of nutrition to them, causing a weakening of the growth processes vegetative organs. Violation of the formation of cytokinins in the roots, which occurs mainly due to flooding or overcompaction of the soil, weakens the influx of sugars to the root meristems and disrupts their development.

Of particular interest is the fact that the hormone auxin, produced by the shoot apex, activates the activity of the root meristem and thus controls the growth of the root system, and vice versa, cytokinin, a hormone produced in the roots, is necessary for the activation of the shoot meristem, and therefore controls the development of the aerial part of the plant. . It is due to such hormonal interactions of various organs that the system of the plant as a whole organism is built.

In addition to hormones - growth stimulants, hormones - inhibitors are also known. These substances are necessary for the plant to overcome adverse conditions. So, ethylene inhibits growth processes, switching the metabolism to the production of secondary metabolites, in particular to the production of phenolic substances, alkaloids and terpenoids - substances that cause protective functions and determine the color of the petals and aroma. Another hormone inhibitor abscisic acid, is responsible for the state of dormancy, blocking growth processes before the onset of cooling.

6. In some cases, for example in stressful situations, as well as at the beginning of the growing season and at active growth, phytohormones are not enough and the plant uses symbiosis with microorganisms living in the plant body to cover their deficiency, receiving phytohormone analogues from them and providing them with nutrients in return.

Quite a lot of hormones, especially at the beginning of the growing season, the plant receives from

microorganisms, mainly fungi, living in the intercellular space of the plant body. These microorganisms make up the so-called vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM). It is very important, simultaneously with the creation of normal living conditions for the plant itself, to create them for symbiont fungi. Often, seemingly inexplicable failures in growing plants are associated precisely with the disruption of the vital activity of these symbiont fungi.

7. Most of the phytoregulators (mainly synthesized analogs or antagonists) exert their effect through phytohormones, increasing or blocking the activity of any of them, which leads to a change in signs (see paragraphs 1-5).

Indeed, it is most logical to influence the hormonal system of a plant by adding from

outside the missing hormone. Actually, it was from this that the use of phytoregulators began - auxin analogues began to be used to stimulate the root formation of cuttings of tree crops. It is equally important to reduce the activity of the phytohormone - thus, the largest volumes of use of phytoregulators in practice are associated with the suppression of the biosynthesis of gibberellins to combat excessive vegetative growth, leading to lodging of grain crops. This is done by substances that delay vegetative growth - retardants.

8. Some of the phytoregulators exert their effect by changing the properties biological membranes making them more resistant to adverse external influences. The action of these drugs is similar to the action of drugs.

Some phytoregulators that actively affect plants are not aimed at

hormones, but exert their effect by changing the properties of membranes. Such drugs are able to have a cryoprotective effect, as well as affect the transport of substances in the plant. Most of these phytoregulators are organosilicon compounds.

9. Another part of phytoregulators (mainly - natural origin) affects the activity of symbiont microorganisms, stimulating the production of growth-regulating substances by them (see clause 6).

There are many drugs on the market, mainly of biological origin - extracts of various biological objects, the mechanism of action of which is little known. These drugs, as a rule, effectively increase the nonspecific resistance of plants to adverse factors and harmful organisms and, along with this, also have a growth-regulating effect. Quite often, efficiency similar drugs can be explained by their stimulating effect on VAM-microorganisms, symbionts, which actually secrete regulatory substances. Such treatments are especially useful at the beginning of the growing season, when the plant's need for stimulants is especially high.

Plant growth regulators approved for use

The market for growth regulators is regulated by the State Chemical Commission under the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. All drugs undergo a series of tests for safety and efficacy, after which a decision is made on their registration and purpose. Preparations for professional and amateur use are registered separately. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the developers recommend the use of their drug on those crops where it can be used in maximum volumes, and therefore, the recommendations of drugs on ornamental plants are not very popular.

It should also be borne in mind that some plant growth regulators are registered as fertilizers, which can significantly reduce the cost of the registration procedure.

So, what can we basically buy on Russian market growth-regulating drugs and with a clear conscience to recommend to colleagues - landscapers?

The table did not include some drugs, for example, the “Krona…” family of drugs, since they are not included in the “List…”, the authors of the article do not have their own experience in their use and could not find experimental confirmation of their effectiveness in the available literature. At the same time, the drug "Super Humisol", also not yet included in the "List ..." and our table, in our experiments and according to the testimony of colleagues, showed high efficiency in transplanting large-sized crops and as a means for foliar top dressing ornamental plants, and definitely deserves recommendations for widespread implementation.

You should not treat phytoregulators as a panacea that can solve all the problems of growing beautiful plants. The action of these substances will be really effective if you follow the following rules:

Phytoregulators will not have a noticeable effect on the plant if the plant is weakened by a lack of water and nutrients;

Strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions for concentration and application rate. Remember that an overdose of the drug almost always causes the opposite negative effect, which can lead to a complete loss of decorativeness and death of plants.

Special cases of the use of phytoregulators

rooting

This is perhaps the most studied area of ​​application of growth regulators. Such effective method vegetative propagation, like green cuttings, is simply impossible without processing the cuttings with auxin. At the same time, it is most convenient for amateurs to use Kornevin and immerse the sections in the preparation immediately before planting for rooting in conditions of artificial fog, and professionals most often use an alcohol solution of IMC at a concentration of 3,000 mg / l for this, also dipping the sections in this solution immediately before planting . In this case, it is necessary in every possible way to avoid getting the solution on the leaves, and also to use 70% alcohol to prepare the solution.

Preliminary treatment of mother plants with preparations of retardant action gives very good results. The suppression of gibberellins in this case shifts the balance towards the predominant development of the root system, which most favorably affects both the percentage of rooting and the subsequent development of rooted cuttings.

At the stage of growing rooted cuttings, after the formation of a new shoot, preparations based on hydrocycinnamic acid - Domotsvet and Zircon should show good results, since they will prevent the rapid destruction of the auxin formed in them.

Those wishing to learn more about the use of regulators in plant reproduction, we advise you to contact the Department of Fruit Growing of the Timiryazev Academy, where vast experience has been accumulated in this matter.

Stimulation of branching seedlings

Many decorative and fruit crops tend to grow with a single tall shoot, due to the powerful apical dominance of the apical bud. To obtain branched seedlings, formative pruning is usually carried out, the meaning of which is to remove this dominant bud. However, the seedling remains in the nursery for another year. You can avoid unnecessary costs associated with the additional time the plant stays in the nursery with the help of treatment with Cytodef. The treatment should be carried out by spraying in the early stages of shoot growth. And if, on perennial flowers, we combine such treatment with treatment with retardants, for example, Moddus, then we will get a compact plant densely covered with flowers. This is how the Dutch grow and the Germans grow chrysanthemums, and flower seedlings generally. Only the drug B-9 (alar) is most often used for this purpose.

Preparing for the transport of plants

We must say right away that nothing of the kind has yet been applied in practice, which is a pity. The fact is that during transportation, plants experience real stress associated with shaking, a change in orientation in space, temperature discomfort, and during long-term transportation - also a lack of moisture. Therefore, the treatment of plants 1-2 days before shipment with drugs that activate the synthesis of stress proteins can significantly increase the resistance of plants to transportation and ensure their better adaptation in a new place. Best Results while it should be expected from Epin. Dear nurserymen, please do this treatment, it will definitely not harm the plants, but it can improve the condition of the plants very significantly! For our part, we are ready to provide all possible support to those who decide on such an experiment.

Preparing and planting plants

The use of phytoregulators in preparing plants for planting is not the most popular technique, but not because it is not effective, but because few people know about it. Before planting, it is very important to soak the plant in order to restore the fullness of all water-conducting vessels and trachea with water. And if, when soaking in water, add small (no more than 2-5 mg / l) amounts of auxin, it is better in the form of Kornerost or Heteroauxin, and slightly injure the root system with coma incisions, then such seedlings will take root and grow much better.

Shortly after planting, after heavy watering, designed to remove air cavities and press the soil to the roots, it makes sense to shed the plants with a solution of the Ribav-Extra preparation, as well as spray the crown with Zircon or Domotsvet. Subsequently, weekly for a month, we recommend watering newly planted plants with a solution of Super-Humisol. Good results also obtained with the use of the drug Baikal EM-1 and HB-101. This is especially important when transplanting mature plants.

Improvement appearance plants

I don’t know about you, dear reader, but for some time I was very interested in the question - why do such people come to us from abroad? beautiful plants and why in the Fatherland they so quickly turn into a kind of mess. Is this the influence of the "Russian spirit"? Well, all right, after the winter, otherwise they will bring the plant in April - May, and by July you won’t look at it without tears. A familiar picture? And one more interesting question, seemingly not related to the first one - why do plants from some nurseries (for example, some Dutch ones) take root worse than from others (for example, some Polish ones)?

The answer is one and simple. The thing is that the presentation of plants in nurseries is given with the help of regular foliar fertilizing with special fertilizers.