The most poisonous plants in Ukraine. Caution: poisonous herbs

As a rule, the lion's share of all poisonous plants on our planet grows in hot tropical countries. But if everything were so simple, then there would be no point in our article. The fact is that dangerous plants widespread throughout our country. One has only to leave the city, to the country house or to the nearest forest, as there is a significant risk of meeting flora, which poses a serious and even mortal danger to us. deadly poisonous plants Russia is a serious problem that cannot be ignored.

What is a plant?

Of course, you can answer this question as simply as possible: a plant is something that grows, grows. And this is without a doubt one of the most important traits of all plants. Flora constantly increases the body weight of each of its representatives. This is due to the fact that the cells located at the ends of the roots and stems are constantly and continuously dividing. They are involved in the growth process and work throughout the life of the plant.

How are plants different from animals?

Of course, its immobility. It cannot be said that plants (including the poisonous plants of Russia) do not move at all, they can move, but in a completely different way than animals. For example, creepers "know how" to wrap themselves around supports and sometimes even "climb" from one place to another. Sunflowers, on the other hand, fold their flowers following the sun, closing their petals. However, most representatives of the flora are in one place throughout their lives.

What is the mission of plants on earth?

Perhaps the most important difference between plants and all living things on our planet is the so-called photosynthesis. This is their main purpose on Earth. Without photosynthesis occurring in the earth's flora, neither humans nor animals could exist. Photosynthesis involves the interaction of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, which gives our atmosphere oxygen and various organic substances (nucleic acids, proteins).

Poisonous plants of Russia also possess photosynthesis. Despite the mortal danger they pose to humans and animals, they are actively involved in the formation of oxygen on Earth. Photosynthesis can only take place during the daytime and in sunlight. It occurs on every green leaf, on every blade of grass, and even on algae hidden from the outside world behind the water column. All organisms that have in their composition the pigment chlorophyll and carotenoids participate in this process.

What kind of group is this - poisonous plants?

The poisonous plants of Russia (photo below) are a special team and a rather heterogeneous group, united by their common properties. We are talking about specific substances that are contained in such a flora. All of them pose a significant danger to people and animals. The study of entire groups of poisonous plants is very important for modern mankind: this must be done both to understand the methods for preventing and treating poisoning caused by these representatives of the flora, and to identify the foundations of the evolution of wildlife.

How do plants affect our body?

The impact that poisonous plants from Russia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Brazil, Argentina, the USA and other countries have on our body can be both internal (in the form of poisoning) and external (in the form of burns and stains). Poisoning, in turn, causes a person to experience symptoms such as:

• dizziness;
• weakness;
• headache;
• stomach ache;
• sore throat;
• vomiting;
• partial loss of hearing or vision.

In especially severe cases, a person can be paralyzed, and sometimes fatal. Certain symptoms of poisoning by poisonous plants may appear immediately or after some time. Here everything is individual.

Poisonous plants of Russia. List

Now spring is on its way, not far from the most expected time of the year - summer. It was at this time that the vast majority of Russians, if they do not fly abroad for vacations, then move to nature - closer to the forest, beach, fields, etc. Unfortunately, only a few think about the dangers that may lie in wait for them at this time. These are poisonous plants. Of course, in our country there are no tropical forests teeming with tens of hundreds of deadly poisonous plants, but this does not mean at all that a meeting with flora that threatens our health and life is completely excluded!

Attention! Every person is obliged to be able to distinguish the poisonous plants of Russia (we will give the names and lists below) from any others. It is necessary to teach this to your children, because often it is our offspring who become victims of certain dangerous plants. The reason for this is their increased curiosity and lack of elementary knowledge. In this article we will give a description of the most famous dangerous plants in Russia. So here is their list:

• belladonna;
• milestone poisonous;
• hemlock spotted;
• castor beans;
• henbane;
• wolfberry;
• fraxinella.

Wolf berry, or wolf's bast

The poisonous plants of Russia, the photos and names of which we provide in this article, are represented by a wide variety of species. One of them is the widely recognizable wolfberry. Probably all of us have heard this phrase. In childhood, many of us were constantly warned by our parents not to touch this plant.

The wolfberry is very attractive in appearance, and for good reason! lethal dose for a child, 5 berries eaten can become, for an adult, the risk of death occurs after eating 12 wolf berries. At best, the wolfberry not only causes poisoning, but provokes diseases of the stomach and kidneys, reddening of the skin all over the body, and blisters. Attention! AT spring time bushes with a wolf's bark are decorated delicate flowers cream, pink and lilac shades.

Be very careful and careful, because their beauty is deceptive. The pollen of these flowers causes headaches and dizziness. When the wolfberry stops blooming, red-scarlet berries appear on it. Once again, we repeat: it is forbidden to eat them! According to some reports, wolfberry is the most poisonous plant in Russia. It is curious that it is listed in the Red Book of Russia as a plant that is on the verge of extinction.

castor oil

This large perennial plant reaches a height of 10 meters, but generally does not exceed 3 meters. Castor oil, like many other poisonous plants in central Russia, has tall, erect and hollow, twisting stems, decorated with sharply cut leaves. The diameter of these leaves is from 30 to 80 centimeters, and the color varies from reddish to greenish. It is important to note that during the flowering period of the castor bean, green-red inflorescences appear on it.

This plant, dangerous for humans and animals, like the wolfberry described above, bears fruit: its fruit looks like a spherical bare (or prickly) box with a diameter of up to 3 centimeters. Fortunately, in our country it is not as widespread as in southern countries with a hot climate. Basically, castor beans can be found in parks, gardens, orchards. There she is presented as ornamental plant for landscaping and landscaping.

Henbane

Remember the expression: “What are you? Did you overeat henbane or something? So they say to a person who is not quite adequate and bizarrely behaving. And it's no coincidence. Once in antiquity, the famous philosopher and healer Avicenna wrote: “Belena is a real poison that turns into insanity, deprives memory and causes demoniac combined with suffocation.” Henbane is a plant unpretentious in terms of habitat.

You can meet him on wastelands, in yards, in vegetable gardens, along the sides of the highway. This dangerous plant is characterized by a bad smell. Because of this, animals bypass it. Henbane poison is everywhere: in the roots, in the stem, in flowers, in seeds. At risk are usually small children who take henbane seeds for edible seeds. Adults should take control of this situation, explaining to their offspring in advance that this plant is life-threatening.

Belladonna

The poisonous plants of Russia, the list of which we give here, cannot do without belladonna. It reaches a height of 2 meters, has tall, thick, straight, juicy and branched stems of green or dark purple. The leaves of belladonna are large and have the appearance of an egg or an ellipse. They are painted dark green color with a brownish tinge. The flowers of this dangerous plant are solitary, drooping, yellow or dirty purple.

Belladonna grows in fir, beech, hornbeam and oak forests. Widely distributed in central Russia. The poisonous properties of this plant were known to ancient healers. Women used belladonna for cosmetic purposes. It contains atropine, which causes a rather strong excitation in a person, accompanied by an attack of rabies. The second name of this plant is sleepy dope, rabid cherry, rubuha.

hemlock spotted

In the ancient Greek justice system, this plant was used as a legal poison. Only since the time of Hippocrates hemlock was transferred to the category of medicinal. As its name suggests, spotted hemlock causes severe headaches. This plant is completely poisonous: leaves, roots, stems are toxic. In Russia, it is found everywhere: in forests, in gardens. Children from its hollow stem often make whistles for themselves, and this is very dangerous! Hemlock spotted has bad smell.

Fraxinella

The most poisonous plants in Russia are also represented by ash. During its flowering period, it is very beautiful and mysterious. Its flowers seem to play with lilac, white, pink hues with purple streaks. Its fruits are boxes with black and shiny seeds in them. This plant has a pronounced pungent smell, reminiscent of the smell of orange peel. It exudes essential oils.

Attention! In no case should you touch the ash tree, and even more so smell its flowers! Within a day, a person at the place of contact with this plant will have a burn, followed by long sores. The scars from them will remain for life. If more than half of the human body area has been affected by contact with the ash tree, a fatal outcome is possible.

Milestone poisonous

It makes no sense to consider the poisonous plants of Russia without their "leader" - a poisonous milestone. Its name fully reflects its essence. In our country, poisonous milestones grow everywhere, in particular near swamps. The most dangerous are its tubers. They have a false smell of carrots or celery. This should be taken into account! The main active ingredient is cicutoxin, which has a calming effect in small doses. This made it possible to use it in pharmacology.

An overdose of a drug made on the basis of a poisonous milestone is fraught with the following manifestations:

• headaches;
• chills;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• convulsions;
• stomach ache;
• salivation.

If you do not seek medical help in a timely manner or do not wash your stomach yourself, there is a high probability of a fatal outcome. If a poisonous milestone is deadly in the composition of medicines, then what can we say about the plant itself! Due to the high degree of toxicity of milestones, poisonous is part of many insecticides - agents used to combat harmful insects. According to legend, it was the poison prepared from this plant that poisoned the philosopher Socrates.

Getting out into nature, you need to be very careful, as we can be surrounded.

From our article you can find out the name and description of the most common poisonous plants.

Daphne

Represented by a slightly branched deciduous, about 1.5 meters high. It has a shallow root system. You can identify the bush by the yellowish-gray, slightly wrinkled bark. Flowering begins in early spring.
has narrow long leaves, dyed dark green. Their length is up to 8 cm, and their width is up to 2 cm. The flowers are arranged in a "bouquet", collected in 3-5 pieces.

Important! Despite the beautiful bloom wolfberry”, using branches to create bouquets is extremely dangerous. The intoxicating smell causes severe headaches and can lead to fainting.

Due to the fact that the flower is poisonous, it is rarely used for decorative purposes. The release of sharply burning poisonous juice from the fruits makes it impossible to use the shrub in medicine.

You can get poisoned by eating or chewing the bark. If wet bark or juice of berries gets on the skin, this will cause the development of severe dermatitis. Inhalation of dust from the bark of the wolfberry irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, and if it gets into the eyes, conjunctivitis develops.

After eating the berries, you can feel a burning sensation in the oral cavity, nausea and vomiting may begin, the victim will feel weak. Seizures may also occur.

Castor bean

The plant is represented by shrubs, the height of which can reach 2 meters. They have broad, well-branched stems. The foliage is quite large, green in color, has from 5 to 10 lobes.

They have a nondescript look. The fruits look like an oval-spherical box, on top of which there are spikes, the diameter is 3 cm.

ordinary - a poisonous plant. It contains two dangerous substances: ricin and ricinin.

Ricin is found in the seed coat and is the most poisonous substance in the shrub. The use of seeds can lead to poisoning, which in most cases ends in death.
Ricinin is found in all other parts of the bush - in foliage, seeds and cake. The critical dose is: for an adult - 20 seeds, for a child - 6 seeds.

The insidiousness of this plant lies in the fact that the signs of poisoning are not immediately noticeable. It takes at least a day for the symptoms to show up.

Poisoning is accompanied by severe tingling in the abdomen, bloody diarrhea, fever, weakness.

Ricin provokes agglutination of erythrocytes, which leads to a violation of capillary circulation - blood clots are formed, a brain hemorrhage may occur.

hogweed

It belongs to biennial plants, has stems of different heights - from 20 to 250 cm. It has long-leaved leaves of large sizes, small flowers white color, which are collected in umbrellas with a diameter of up to 40 cm.

Flowering occurs in June, in some species it can continue until August.

Important! Immediately after mowing the plant, it must be burned, because due to the large supply of nutrients, the seeds continue to ripen even in mowed hogweed.

In its leaves, stems and fruits accumulate photodynamic active furocoumarins that can affect the skin. They are especially dangerous on sunny days - it is during this period that the juice of the plant, getting on the skin, leads to the appearance of dermatitis, similar to burns.
Blisters may appear on the affected area, which eventually turn into dark spots. They completely disappear only after 3-6 months. If the previously affected area of ​​​​sunlight hits, a relapse may occur.

If it gets into the eyes, hogweed juice provokes blindness. If as a result of exposure to the juice on the skin, 80% of the body surface is affected, this is fatal.

Delphinium

Quite often, poisonous flowers are disguised as beautiful and harmless. This is exactly what and is. It belongs to perennials, has hollow stems.

Did you know?Delphinium was well known to the ancient Greeks, who considered it the "flower of sorrow" that grew out of the body of the hero Ajax. Perhaps the plant got its name due to the fact that its flower bud resembles a dolphin.

Attracts attention due to the dark blue flowers that are collected in a brush. Plant height can be from 50 to 200 cm.
Many years ago, the flower was used to combat wearable insects, but then they began to actively investigate the poison contained in its foliage and roots. As it turned out, delphiniums contain alkaloids that have an effect similar to the famous South American poison curare.

It became clear that it is better not to touch these flowers. In addition, some of these alkaloids are identical to aconite alkaloids.

The juice contains elatin, methyllicaconitin, condelphin and eldenine. Once in the human body, it causes respiratory paralysis, leading to heart damage and death.

Buttercup

The habitat of the flower is damp, wetlands, banks of reservoirs. Represented by an annual or biennial plant with a hollow branched stem 20-45 cm in height.
It has fleshy shiny foliage, small light yellow flowers, the diameter of which is 7-10 mm. Flowering begins at the end of May and continues all summer.

Despite the fact that it is dangerous, this plant can be used as a medicine. Healing infusions and decoctions are prepared from dried buttercups.

The poisonous substance contained in the plant is protoanemonin, a volatile toxin with a pungent odor and burning taste. Poisoning with them can occur if the plant is incorrectly applied as remedy. It is present only in fresh plants, as it disappears during drying.
The penetration of the toxin into the body leads to inflammation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Inhalation of the toxin causes tearing, it starts to cut in the eyes, there are spasms in the throat, cough and runny nose.

Lily of the valley

Lilies of the valley are herbaceous, whose habitat is forest zones, pine forests, glades, river channels.

The flower has a stem, which is about 25 cm long, large green leaves and a couple of dozen small white bell-shaped inflorescences.

Flowering occurs in May and June. Lily of the valley berries are highly toxic, and poisonous as fresh flower, and dried.

Important! Collect lily of the valley flowers for later use in medicinal purposes possible only before the start of its flowering period.

Lily of the valley is actively used in medicine, however, violation of the dosage and method of its use can lead to poisoning.

In case of poisoning:

• drowsiness occurs;
• the rhythm of the heart is disturbed;
• hallucinations occur;
• weakness begins.

If you plan to use lily of the valley as a folk remedy for the treatment of any disease, be sure to consult your doctor and strictly adhere to the recommended dosage.

Henbane black

A distinctive feature of this plant is the presence of an unpleasant odor. The flower has an upright, branched stem, on top of which there are glandular hairs. It can reach up to 140 cm in height.

The leaves are oblong, dark green above, lighter below. The flowers are quite large, with a grayish corolla. You can see a few purple streaks on it. Flowering falls on the period July - August. Most often found on roadsides.
Henbane is completely poisonous, it contains substances such as atropine and scopolamine, capable of blocking the parasympathetic nerves. You can get poisoned by eating young sprouts or seeds.

Symptoms of poisoning appear after about 10-15 minutes and are characterized by dry mouth, it becomes difficult to swallow and speak, pupils dilate, hallucinations and tachycardia occur.

In case of severe poisoning, body temperature rises, blood pressure and death may occur from respiratory paralysis or circulatory failure.

Celandine

Belongs to the poppy family, has a branched root, painted yellow inside, and brownish red outside. It is distinguished by a hollow, erect, branched stem, the height of which is up to 100 cm. The leaves are colored green, reach a length of 20 cm, and a width of up to 9 cm.
The flowers are characterized by a yellow color, located on tall pedicels. Celandine flowering begins in May and ends in August. Fruit ripening occurs in July-September.

Did you know? In ancient times, wooden utensils were processed with celandine - milk was stored in such containers for a long time and did not turn sour.

Like many poisonous shrubs, celandine for medicinal purposes should be used with extreme caution. It is necessary to adhere to the dosage and be sure to consult a doctor.

The first symptoms of poisoning are: nausea, a sharp decrease in pressure, the occurrence of convulsions, and slowing of the pulse. In severe poisoning, death is possible.

pink catharanthus

The height of the plant is up to 60 cm, it has erect or creeping stems. The foliage is dark green, oval in shape, and has pinnate venation. The leaves are 8 cm long and 3.5 cm wide.
Flowers may have different shades- white, light pink, dark pink. Their size is approximately 3 cm in diameter.

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Rich vegetable world Our country has many healing herbs and other plants. But among the plants of our forests and fields, marshes and meadows, there are those whose careless handling can lead to sad consequences. These are poisonous plants. Not without reason, even in ancient times, people learned to prepare potent poisons from them and used them to eliminate rivals in the struggle for power, for the possession of wealth, women, to carry out black revenge ... In historical and fiction there are many descriptions of how famous rulers and politicians, bankers and industrialists, intelligence officers who knew too much, etc. were poisoned. This happened in all countries and at all times.

With the development of human society, control over the manufacture and use of toxic compounds of both plant and chemical origin increased. As a result, intentional poisonings have become exceptional cases.

However, unintentional poisoning when using unfamiliar plants for the preparation of infusions and decoctions, when eating them, is still common. Moreover, poisoning occurs not only when using poisonous plants. Many herbs, if used incorrectly, can turn from medicine into dangerous enemies.

Nondescript, foul-smelling plants, as it were, warn people: be careful, do not rush to start them in your home medicine cabinet without advice from a phytotherapeutist. But, unfortunately, many poisonous herbs mimic cultivated plants, they can only be distinguished by a person who has sufficient experience in collecting herbs. And other poison carriers have brightly colored beautiful flowers and fruits, which attract the attention of inexperienced people.

Scientists know several thousand species of poisonous plants that cause poisoning in humans and animals.

Different types of poisonous plants can produce one or more types of poisonous compounds: alkaloids, glucosides, saponins, etc.

At the same time, toxic substances can be contained both in the whole plant and in its individual parts. For example, quinine is found in the bark of the cinchona tree, but not in the leaves. Poppy leaves, stems, seed pods are poisonous, but seeds are not poisonous.

The degree of poisonousness of the plant varies depending on the growing conditions, age, vegetation phase.

The toxic properties of most poisonous plants are not lost by drying or heat treatment (aconite, castor beans, bitter almonds). Other plants lose these properties when dried.

The significance of toxic substances for the plants themselves has not yet been sufficiently clarified. It is believed that these substances protect plants from being eaten by animals. However, they are not equally toxic to different animals. Belladonna and dope, which are poisonous to humans, are harmless, for example, to many animal species, including rabbits and birds. Some types of chamomile are poisonous to insects and practically harmless to humans.

Most often, people are poisoned by poisonous plants that are outwardly similar to edible non-poisonous species. For example, hemlock leaves are similar in appearance to parsley and can be mistakenly used as a condiment in food.

To understand the properties of poisonous herbs, to exclude cases of poisoning, we give a description of some of them.

Aconite

In forests, along ravines and among shrubs, in dry and tall grass meadows, one can find perennial herbaceous plants with palm-shaped dissected hard leaves and violet-blue, light yellow, dirty purple or white flowers. irregular shape in racemes. The people call these plants differently: wrestler, skullcap (since the flower resembles a warrior's helmet), wolf venom, wolf root, wolf death, wolf slayer, etc. And in the scientific literature they are known as aconite. Currently, botanists number about three hundred species of aconites.

Already in ancient times, people called the power of the poisonousness of these plants and used them to prepare poisons. There is even ancient greek myth about this plant. According to the myth, there was a cave near the city of Akone, which supposedly led straight to hell and was guarded by a terrible dog - Cerberus. The mighty Hercules defeated Cerberus in a difficult battle, brought him into the light. From the bright sunlight, the guardian of the underworld was horrified, and poisonous saliva flowed from his three terrible mouths onto the ground. Where she fell, then aconite grew, absorbing the poison of Cerberus.

The toxic properties of aconite are due to the presence in its tubers of various alkaloids, the main of which is aconitine, and other potent toxic substances.

Symptoms of aconite poisoning: general weakness, nausea, dizziness, tingling of the tongue, salivation, darkening of the eyes, sharp pupil dilation, convulsions, paralysis of the respiratory center.

In my own way physiological action the active substances of aconite resemble the effect on a person of the well-known poison curare.

Henbane

This plant has especially poisonous seeds, similar to poppy seeds. Henbane is widespread in our country. It has thick branched stems up to 1 m high and larger dark green leaves covered with fine sticky hairs. Dirty-yellowish flowers with purple veins are collected in inflorescences.

Henbane blooms all summer. The fruits ripen by autumn and look like poppy boxes.

The symptoms of henbane poisoning are similar to those of belladonna poisoning.

Belladonna

Its berries cause severe poisoning. Belladonna, or as it is also called, belladonna, grows in the mountains of the North Caucasus, as a rule, along river banks, in forests and clearings. It's big, tall perennial with single or paired flowers of brown-violet, dirty purple or yellow-brown. Fruiting from July to late summer. The fruits are similar in appearance to ripe cherries.

Symptoms of belladonna poisoning: the appearance of dry mouth, a feeling of thirst, the pupils of the eyes greatly dilate, the skin of the face turns red. The victim becomes very agitated with hallucinations and delusions. Possible death from suffocation due to paralysis of the respiratory center and vascular insufficiency.

hemlock spotted

An extremely poisonous weed. It grows throughout our country. Its botanical name is "konium", which means "killing" in Latin. Even thousandths of a gram of the main hemlock alkaloid - coniine - often cause serious poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning: burning sensation in the mouth, salivation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness.

Hemlock poisoning is often due to the mistakes of herbalists: they often mistake hemlock for parsley, carrots or horseradish (there is a certain similarity) and eat the aerial parts or roots.

Milestone poisonous, or hemlock

It's perennial umbrella plant growing on. swamps, along rivers and ditches. Stem 120 cm high bears feathery leaves and large umbellate inflorescences of small whitish flowers.

The whole plant is poisonous, especially the rhizome. The toxic beginning is the resinous substance cicutotoxin. In case of poisoning, an unconscious state quickly sets in, convulsions appear, foam from the mouth. Death comes from respiratory arrest.

raven eye

Low, up to 30 cm tall herbaceous plant. The four ovate leaves of the crow's eye are criss-crossed at the top of the plant. By autumn, a bluish-black four-celled berry, sitting in the center of a rosette of leaves, ripens. It vaguely resembles blueberries or blueberries.

The one who, being tempted (and these are often children), eats these berries, begins headache and dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, frequent urination.

The plant got its name because of the fruit - a black berry resembling a crow's eye. Perennial herbaceous plant, belongs to the lily family.

Wolf's bast

This plant is common in the forests of Europe, southern Siberia and Far East. It is a shrub with juicy bright red or orange-red berries, reminiscent of sea buckthorn.

The whole plant is poisonous, especially the berries. It contains the glycoside daphneine and a yellow-brown resinous substance with a sharp-burning taste - meserein. They cause poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning: when eating berries, there is a burning sensation in the mouth, increased salivation and thirst. Vomiting, bloody diarrhea appears, a little later - blood in the urine, cardiac disorders. Contact with the juice of the wolf's bast on the skin causes a burn with the formation of blisters and ulcerations.

Datura vulgaris

Another poisonous representative of the nightshade family (along with belladonna and henbane). This is a powerful herbaceous annual, common as a weed in many parts of our country.

O toxic properties dope people have known for a long time. Already in the 17th century, a case was recorded when a group of English sailors with their captain John Smith were poisoned by a salad, which, through an oversight, got dope leaves.

Symptoms of dope poisoning are similar to those of belladonna and henbane poisoning.

May lily of the valley

This is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thin creeping rhizome. The leaves are bright green, oblong, elliptical. The flower arrow is trihedral, ending with a loose one-sided brush of flowers. The flowers are white, fragrant, globose-bell-shaped. The fruit is a red-orange berry. Blooms in May-June.

The whole plant is poisonous, especially its berries. Lily of the valley contains the glycoside convolvudin, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, resins, saponins, salts of organic acids, vitamin E. This complex composition explains the fact that lily of the valley, in particular, its flowers and grass (stems, leaves) are used to prepare medicines . It is a popular folk remedy for the treatment of heart disease, epilepsy, paralysis, asthma, and neuroses.

Buttercups

In summer, forest glades and river valleys, roadsides and slopes of ravines are completely covered with yellow buttercup flowers. More than 600 species of this plant are known. Among them there are also very poisonous - due to the presence in their aerial part of the volatile substance proteanemonin, which has a pungent odor and a burning taste. This substance has the ability to irritate the mucous membranes of the nose, larynx, eyes. It is no coincidence that animals try to bypass buttercups, unlike some people. When they see the golden petals, they pick off a conspicuous grass, begin to smell it, or even chew a thin stalk. The consequences of such frivolity are dangerous.

Fraxinella

In ancient books you can read the legend about wonderful plant- a bush that does not burn in fire. Such shrubs actually exist, and one of them is the narrow-leaved ash-tree from the rue family (this family includes, for example, the well-known odorous rue and mandarin). Ash is a perennial herbaceous plant with a densely pubescent stem, oblong pinnate leaves and crooked paniculate inflorescences of lilac-pink flowers with purple veins.

In the stems and leaves of the ash tree, in special glands, a huge amount of essential oil accumulates. If you bring a burning match to the bush, the volatile essential oils immediately ignite and the bush is enveloped in a light flame. The oils burn so quickly that the leaves do not have time to scorch. So they called it in the old days "burning bush".

But few people know what it is beautiful plant- poisonous. One has only to touch his inflorescences with his hand, as a painful and long-term non-healing burn immediately appears on the skin.

We have listed here only a few poisonous plants of the domestic flora, there are, of course, many more. The most common of them you need to know in order to be careful in handling them. But, as we have already said, even such decades-tested herbs as wormwood and tansy, horsetail and celandine, kupena and peony, if used improperly, can cause severe disorders of the nervous system, disturbances in the activity of the heart, respiratory organs, endocrine glands. Some of them, under certain conditions, can release a strong poison - hydrocyanic acid (for example, vetch, clover, bird cherry, bean), nitrogen oxides (oak, beet), and other potent compounds. It is necessary to constantly (especially during a stay in the country, on hikes) remind the kids that unfamiliar herbs cannot be tasted, smelled, kneaded in their hands, since sometimes curiosity has to be paid dearly.

But it would be wrong to assume that poisonous plants, including those that we talked about above, only harm a person. On the contrary, many of them are widely used in scientific and traditional medicine as a valuable medicinal raw material. For example, belladonna and henbane alkaloids are used as antispastic and analgesic agents for diseases of the stomach and intestines, bronchial asthma, cholecystitis associated with gallstone disease, renal colic, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. They are part of the tablets used for the prevention and treatment of seasickness, are used in the treatment of eye diseases, in case of poisoning with drugs, sleeping pills, mushrooms, and in a number of other cases.

Aconite is part of complex preparations used to treat acute and chronic radiculitis, lumbago and plexitis.

The bark of the branches of the wolf's bast is often recommended by folk healers as an abscess. "Burning Bush" is used to treat malaria, inflammation of the biliary tract, with snake bites and poisonous insects.

Unblown flower buds and fruits of thick-fruited Sophora serve as raw materials for industrial production routine - a means that reduces the fragility and permeability of capillary vessels, to prevent hemorrhages, especially in the brain, retina, with sclerotic damage to the walls of blood vessels, with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and also with hemorrhages of toxic origin.

Thus, the main requirement is to correctly apply certain plants, strictly maintaining the dosage and course of treatment prescribed by the doctor. And when collecting and processing herbs, you must be careful and be careful. After all, poisoning occurs not only when taking medicinal plants inside, but also in contact with poisonous herbs. After all, if their juice gets on the skin, acute inflammation, eczema, dermatitis, etc. can develop. Skin lesions are usually observed in professional collectors medicinal herbs in case of non-compliance necessary measures precautions (burns with ash leaves, rue or wrestler juice). When collecting dope on hot days, poisoning with poisonous vapors of the plant is possible. In people engaged in the collection of castor beans, in case of contact with the skin, acute inflammation of the skin, eczema, irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane develop. When inhaling the dust generated during the grinding of castor beans, allergic reactions with symptoms of bronchial asthma are possible. Dermatitis is often noted upon contact with primrose (room, Chinese, etc.). Dermatitis caused by meadow plants (sedge, parsnip, yarrow, etc.) is often observed in people lying on the grass after bathing. Severe dermatitis is also caused by Sosnovsky's hogweed, from whose thick stems children cut pipes.

It is not uncommon for some plants (bird cherry, poppy, lily, tuberose, etc.) to be poisoned by volatile substances when large bouquets of them are kept indoors. The victims have headaches and dizziness.

FIRST AID FOR POISONING

In all these cases, it is necessary to provide the victim with immediate assistance, since in case of acute poisoning, a violation of the vital functions of the body (respiration, heartbeat, blood circulation) can occur very quickly.

If intestinal poisoning occurs, it is necessary to induce vomiting in the victim and wash the stomach with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. If the symptoms of poisoning have not yet appeared, but it is known that poison has entered the body, activated charcoal can be used to prevent its absorption.

In the event that the victim's breathing weakens, artificial respiration is used, with the help of which air is ventilated into the lungs. When the pulse weakens, the patient should be given strong tea or coffee and before the doctor arrives, put him to bed.

If the juice of a poisonous plant gets on the skin, the affected areas must be washed several times with soap and water and wiped with a 2% solution of potassium permanganate. This solution can be replaced with a saturated solution of lead acetate in alcohol. Further treatment is advisable to carry out as directed by the doctor.

Russia is a country with rich flora. A huge number of all kinds of herbs, trees, shrubs, berries grow here. But not all of them are safe for humans. meet and poisonous plants are those that contain toxic substances. Often people, unaware of the danger, eat berries or leaves of any plants. At best, this leads to poisoning with all its unpleasant symptoms. Sometimes such a defeat can lead to the death of a person. To avoid this, it is necessary to remember the characteristics of such plants.

Poisonous field and forest plants

Most representatives of the flora that are dangerous to humans grow in fields and forest edges.. Therefore, when going on a picnic, you need to remember the list of plants that need to be avoided. Among them are the following most poisonous plants in Russia:

1. Spreading quinoa (white gauze). Representative of the haze family. grassy annual plant up to 30 cm high. The branches have a slight whitish coating. Small flowers are collected in panicle-type inflorescence. Mari contains saponin alkaloids, which cause serious poisoning. The highest concentration of toxic substances is contained in the seeds. Mary can be eaten by people who confused her with an edible quinoa. Among the first signs of poisoning are: pain in the abdomen, vomiting, nausea, signs of dehydration.
2. Hellebore lyubelya (plants are also called zhimeritsa, puppeteer, hellebore). The height of this perennial plant can reach 1.5 meters. Its slightly tapered leaves are numerous. White or slightly yellowish flowers are collected in small spike-like brushes. After flowering, an egg-shaped fruit is formed. This is a dangerous plant in central Russia. It is distributed almost everywhere, as it easily adapts even to harsh climatic conditions. Hellebore roots contain alkaloids that affect the human nervous system, and also negatively affect the functioning of the heart. The first signs of poisoning are severe lacrimation and sneezing.
3. Marsh wild rosemary. It is an evergreen shrub that can grow up to 1 meter in height. It has a pungent aroma, the inhalation of which provokes headaches. Ledum flowers form umbrella-type inflorescences. Poisoning is manifested by severe dryness of the oral mucosa, vomiting, numbness of the tongue, changes in heart rate, and convulsions.
4. Milestone poisonous (hemlock). A distinctive feature of the plant is the attractive carrot-celery aroma that the leaves exude. Externally, the leaves resemble parsley. The height of the milestone can reach 1.2 meters. Umbrella-type inflorescence. The stem has a pleasant color with a bluish tint. The poison is found in all parts of the hemlock. Some time after eating hemlock, severe vomiting appears, abdominal pain, foam comes from the mouth, it becomes difficult to breathe.
5. Black bleach. It attracts attention with its intoxicating aromas. The entire surface of the stem is dotted with small hairs. The flowers are dyed cream with bright purple veins. Henbane juice contains atropine, which affects nerve cells. The first signs of poisoning are overexcitation, dizziness, delirium, dilated pupils.
6. Field Yakut (money). It is the most poisonous plant in the cabbage family. Differs in small fruits, rounded shape with a small keel. Yakut contains alkaloids and glycosides. Their highest concentration is observed in fruits and leaves. Symptoms of poisoning are a change in the color of urine, vomiting, stomach cramps.
7. Spotted hemlock. The height of this biennial plant can reach 0.8 meters. The stem is empty inside, rather branched. The flowers are small, have five petals, painted white. Early signs of poisoning appear within an hour and a half after consuming hemlock. At the same time, shortness of breath, palpitations, a decrease in temperature, and bad breath appear.
8. Lily of the valley. It is listed in the Red Book, despite this, a huge number of bouquets are prepared from it every season. The leaves, berries and flowers of the plant are toxic. Even the water in which the bouquet stood becomes poisoned. Signs of intoxication are weakness, the appearance of hallucinations, abnormalities in the work of the heart, frequent urge to urinate.

The most poisonous plants in Russia are ubiquitous. Therefore, when going to nature, do not forget about the precautions.

Stories from our readers

Vladimir
61 years old

Some plants can cause poisoning even when in contact with the skin, so you should not pluck and collect bouquets from unknown specimens.

What garden plants are considered poisonous

Deadly poisonous plants can be found in many gardens. It is known that dangerous representatives of the flora have excellent decorative qualities. They are often used in the design of flower beds. The list of dangerous plants includes:

1. Delphinium (larkspur). This beautiful perennial plant is grown in private gardens as well as in urban flower beds. The stem of the delphinium can grow up to a meter in height. The flowers form large racemose inflorescences. Alkaloids are present in all parts of the plant, which have a depressant effect on the nervous system. Seeds are of particular concern. It is not recommended to make bouquets from the delphinium, since it can cause allergic reactions upon contact with the skin.
2. Hydrangea. This is unpretentious shrub with spectacular globular inflorescences. Eating the flowers causes signs of serious poisoning, as they contain hydrocyanic acid. In severe poisoning, respiratory arrest occurs.
3. Rhododendron (azalea). In the juice of this bright bush contains a large amount of andromedotoskin. When it enters the human body, it causes overexcitation of the nervous system. After that, it begins to gradually fade away. If you do not see a doctor in time, a fatal outcome may occur.
4. Castor oil. Included in the top 10 most poisonous plants. Contains ricinin - an alkaloid that provokes protein breakdown. The plant is tall, can reach 2.5 meters. It has an empty stem inside and large dissected leaves. The toxic poison is mostly concentrated in the seeds.
5. Datura. The most poisonous plants in the world have an attractive appearance. This fully applies to dope. It is distinguished by large funnel-shaped flowers of various colors. All parts of Datura are dangerous to humans. They contain many alkaloids, which have a toxic effect on the heart muscle. Poisoning is accompanied by convulsions and hallucinations.
6. Buttercups. Poisonous plants are all members of this family. Their aerial part contains ranunculin and proteanemonin. Getting on the mucous membranes, these substances cause severe irritation. The consequence of this may be a violation of the functioning of the kidneys and heart muscle.
7. Poppy. It is distinguished by a high erect stem, at the end of which, during the flowering period, it blooms large flower. The color of the petals can be different: white, red, purple and other colors. The danger is the sap of the plant. It contains a dose of morphine, codeine, readitine and papaverine. Especially dangerous is the ingress of this juice into children's body . Poisoning is manifested by weakness, impaired coordination, depression, convulsions, dilated pupils.
8. Colchicum (colchicum). Its flowers look like harmless crocuses. The petals are purple or pink. Blooms in autumn. In the spring, fruits appear on the plant. It is impossible to pick such flowers, because, getting on the skin, their juice leads to severe chemical burns. When transplanting a plant, it is imperative to use gloves. If colchicum leaves enter the human body, vomiting, stomach pain, and intestinal damage will develop. Symptoms of poisoning may recede after some time, but almost everyone will be affected. internal organs. In the absence of proper medical care, a person dies.

All poisonous plants that are grown in gardens are dangerous for children and animals. Therefore, they must be protected. They look very impressive, but you should not pluck them and decorate your house with them.

Dangerous Berries

The danger is not only the poisonous herbs of Russia. Often the cause of serious poisoning is the use of unknown wild berries. Very often people mistake them for edible. It is important not only to remember the types of poisonous plants yourself, but also to teach this to your children.. Among the most dangerous berries allocate:

1. Red nightshade. The curly stem of the plant can be up to two meters long. The leaves are slightly pointed ovoid. The fruits are attractive red. Their ripening period lasts from June to September. Prefers terrain with high humidity. It can often be found on the coast of reservoirs, between bushes, in heaps of garbage. Poisoning is manifested by severe pain in the abdomen, shortness of breath, mental disorders.
2. Belladonna. Other names: sleepy dope, mad cherry, rubuha. The height of the plant can reach two meters. The flowers are drooping, shaped like a bell. The fruits are painted in a dirty purple color, similar to cherries. These berries are quite rare. Widely distributed only in the Crimea, the Carpathians and the Caucasus. All parts of the plant contain alkaloids. Poisoning makes itself felt already 10 minutes after eating berries. The mouth feels dry, the pupils dilate and stop responding to light, swallowing is difficult. If help is not provided in a timely manner, hallucinations, convulsions appear, coordination is lost.
3. Euonymus is a shrub up to four meters high. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, have a slight greenish tint. Euonymus attracts attention with its fruits of bright pink color. They contain black seeds surrounded by red pulp. Eating any part of the plant results in severe diarrhea, vomiting, and in some cases intestinal bleeding.
4. The raven eye is a deadly poisonous plant. Poisonous substances affect the nervous system and heart. The height of the crow's eye does not exceed 40 cm. The leaves are large, concentrated in the lower part. At the top, a large berry is formed, covered with bloom. In case of poisoning, there is a sore throat, severe diarrhea, vomiting, convulsions, dizziness.
5. Wolfberry (privet). Tall shrub belonging to the olive family. The flowers are vaguely reminiscent of lilacs, painted white. Toxic substances accumulate in berries and leaves. An hour after poisoning, diarrhea, uncoordinated movements, convulsions, colic appear. In especially severe cases, death occurs.
6. Herbal elderberry. Possesses an unpleasant smell. Inflorescences in the form of a panicle. After flowering, small berries are formed. Poisoning is accompanied by dizziness, tachycardia, shortness of breath, pain, mucous surfaces turn blue.

Outwardly attractive berries are very dangerous for health and life. So coming to the forest, it is better to refuse to collect suspicious fruits.

Children are more likely to suffer from berry poisoning. Therefore, it is extremely important to explain the precautionary rules to the child from an early age.

poisonous indoor plants

Danger can lie in wait for us not only in the forest or garden, but also in our own home. Many lovers of indoor floriculture do not even suspect that houseplants can pose a deadly threat. They are excellent decorative properties, but their consumption will lead to serious poisoning. Some poisonous plants in the world can release toxic substances into the air. Among the most dangerous representatives of the flora, the 10 most poisonous plants can be distinguished:

1. Ivy. This climbing-stemmed plant often decorates living spaces and offices. All parts of this plant are dangerous to humans.. After eating just a few leaves, you can feel the signs of poisoning: hallucinations, skin rashes, severe nausea, respiratory failure. It's all about the saponins contained in ivy juice. If it gets into the eyes, toxic substances can provoke conjunctivitis. The plant also poses a great danger to domestic animals, especially rodents.
2. Persian cyclomen. Few people know what other names of the plant are. It is also called a slut or alpine violet. It is distinguished by the incredible beauty of flowers of unusual shape. Poisonous substances - saponins are present in abundance in tubers. If they enter the human body, nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, dizziness appear. In this regard, during the transplantation of cyclomen, and especially when dividing tubers, it is imperative to wear gloves on your hands. After completing all work, hands should be thoroughly washed in running water and soap should be used.
3. Dieffenbachia. This is tall plant with large leaves. It blooms only in favorable conditions, which is rare. Dieffenbachia juice contains calcium oxalate and oxalic acid. If they get on the skin, there is severe irritation, itching, and blisters may form. When the juice gets into the eyes, swelling of the eyelids, increased lacrimation, and severe pain occur. If you eat even a small fragment of a Dieffenbachia leaf, attacks of nausea, diarrhea, and heart rhythm disturbance will appear. In severe cases, paralysis develops.
4. Spathiphyllum. spectacular plant with dark green glossy leaves. It strikes with the unusualness of its flowers on a long stem. Spathiphyllum juice contains calcium oxalates, which irritate the human skin. Getting it inside leads to damage to the respiratory center, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Monstera. Attracts flower growers with its large leaves with bizarre cuts. It is the monstera that is often chosen to decorate offices and other public places. It contains a high concentration of toxic substances, which, if they enter the human epithelium, lead to serious damage to it. If you eat a monstera leaf, there will be a violation of the digestive system, as well as inflammation of the intestines.
6. Ever flowering begonia. The smooth leaves of the plant are located on a thick stem. Bright inflorescences located on long peduncles. Petals can be white, red or pink. All parts of the begonia are poisonous. Once inside the body, they cause bouts of nausea and severe vomiting.
7. Hippeastrum. It is a large plant that is grown from a bulb. Outwardly, it looks like a lily. The color of the petals can be pink or red. There are also white varieties. Bulbs are especially poisonous. Eating them will lead to kidney damage, severe vomiting and diarrhea.
8. Spurge. There are several varieties of indoor milkweed, but they are all equally poisonous. The danger is the juice, which contains toxic substances that affect the digestive and nervous systems of the body.
9. Oleander. Spectacular indoor flower which has long stems. Petals may be white or color pink. The flowers have a captivating aroma. Its prolonged inhalation causes an attack of headache. If any part of the plant enters the human body, nausea, convulsions, heart failure, and difficulty breathing appear. This plant can only be placed in well-ventilated areas. It is strictly forbidden to decorate them with a bedroom or children's room.
10. Calla. This plant is loved by flower growers for its elegant funnel-shaped flowers. Their color can be very diverse. Scientists have managed to bring out even almost black flowers. If the juice of the plant comes into contact with the skin, serious irritation appears. After ingestion, vomiting and nausea appear.

Poisonous houseplants pose the greatest danger to children who want to taste everything. Therefore, if you have a child, it is better to refuse to breed dangerous plants.

Knowing the characteristics and characteristics of poisonous plants will help you avoid serious poisoning. Remember that when the first unpleasant symptoms appear, you should immediately seek help from doctors. Procrastination and especially self-treatment can be life-threatening.

They are frequent inhabitants of forests, meadows, fields and other places. Throughout life, they produce and accumulate harmful substances which are called poisons. They cause poisoning of humans and animals. What poisonous plants of the Moscow region are known? Read about it in the article.

What plants are poisonous?

Such representatives of the flora exist in nature in in large numbers, there are 10 thousand or more species. Plants that contain harmful substances accumulated during their development and existence are considered poisonous: alkaloids, glucosides, and others. Toxicity can have a different degree, depending on climatic conditions.

Poisonous plants are interesting for studying not only for the purpose of preventive measures, therapy of poisoning and prevention of harm to human health. This is necessary in order to understand the evolution of living nature and to determine the possibilities of using the substances contained in these plants in medicine.

During the summer holidays, thousands of people go to rest in the forest. But rarely does anyone think at this moment about the dangers that can lie in wait for a person in nature. However, one of them is the poisonous plants of the Moscow region. It is sometimes very difficult to distinguish them from non-dangerous species without having a stock of knowledge in this area. Poisonous because outwardly beautiful and harmless flowers and berries can kill a person. Therein lies their wickedness.

Below in the article is a description of the poisonous plants of the Moscow region, which should be avoided. To the list of dangerous representatives of the flora of this region, you can add henbane, cow parsnip, slander, common dope, bittersweet nightshade, May lily of the valley, black elderberry and many others.

four leaf raven eye

This is a deadly poisonous plant of the Moscow region. Most often, children who are attracted to berries fall into the risk zone. All parts of the plant are poisonous, but the fruits and rhizomes are more dangerous. The nervous system is affected by the leaves, the stomach is affected by the rhizome, and the heart is affected by the fruits. In case of poisoning, symptoms characteristic of this condition occur: vomiting, pain in the abdomen, dizziness. Convulsions and malfunctions of the heart may begin. When providing first aid, in addition to mandatory procedures, the victim is given ice in small pieces. It is strictly forbidden to induce vomiting artificially.

The raven eye is reaching a height of 15-45 cm. The erect stem has four large-sized leaves crosswise at the top. A single flower is an ornament of a poisonous plant. The fruit is a bluish-black berry. A strong smell causes pain in the head. It grows in mixed and coniferous forests.

Milestone poisonous

All parts of this plant are poisonous, but the rhizome is more dangerous. When ingested, an unpleasant aftertaste is felt in the mouth, vomiting opens, the stomach hurts, convulsions appear, delirium begins. Breathing may stop, which inevitably leads to death. At the first signs of poisoning, you should immediately provide first aid and immediately consult a doctor.

The poisonous plant of the Moscow region reaches a height of one and a half meters. Its rhizome is very fleshy and thick. small fruits have Brown color and consist of two hemispherical achenes. The rhizome has a specific smell - intoxicating. Favorite places of growth are lowlands, banks of rivers, streams, ponds, ditches and swampy meadows.

Buttercup

This flower is at first glance harmless, and therefore the most dangerous of the entire list of poisonous plants in the Moscow region. The poisonous substance is protoanemonin. Once in the body, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes, causes vomiting, lacrimation, runny nose, spasms, and suffocation. First aid should be given to the patient immediately, otherwise, in case of severe poisoning, death may occur.

Buttercup reaches one meter in height. The leaves of the plant are alternate, they are whole or dissected. Differs in single flowers that can form inflorescences. Buttercup differs in bright, attracting everyone's attention, color and enchanting aroma.

Belladonna

Translated from Italian means "beautiful lady". Belladonna belongs to the poisonous plants of the Moscow region (the photo is presented for viewing). The fruits are black or yellow color with large quantity seeds. Inside contains a sweetish dark purple nectar, it tastes like a cherry. The height of the plant is two meters. Stems are green or dark purple, thick. Leaves are paired above, alternate below. Drooping flowers are small.

When poisoning occurs reddening of the face, increased heart rate. The condition of the victim is accompanied by fever, nausea, dry mouth. There may be more severe manifestations: convulsions, hallucinations. Without immediate medical attention, death can occur. First aid is of great importance, up to saving a life. How to provide it, read at the end of the article.

Even this poisonous plant was used by women in Italy. Eyes were instilled with juice. Due to the content of atropine in belladonna, the pupils greatly dilated and acquired a luster - unnatural, but quite attractive. The berries served as a dye to create a blush on the cheeks.

In Russia, for a long time, belladonna had other names: "rabies", "Belladonna". When the plant was ingested, the atropine contained in it caused a strong degree of excitation, which in some cases reached rabies.

Belladonna is one of the most poisonous plants in the Moscow region. In addition to the outskirts of the capital, it is distributed on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory and the Crimea. Prefers oak, hornbeam and fir forests.

Henbane black

This plant is poisonous and causes severe poisoning. It has an intoxicating unpleasant aroma. It can be easily recognized among many other herbs by the presence of sticky hairs and ovoid leaves. The height of the plant is one meter. The buds are yellowish with burgundy veins.

After the flowering period, henbane is covered with white pitcher-shaped boxes with seeds. In case of poisoning with henbane, pupils dilate, thirst torments, dry mouth appears, and the face turns red. Paralysis of the respiratory tract can occur, which often leads to death.

wolfberry

The names of poisonous plants of the Moscow region are different. One of them is the wolfberry. In the people it is called a wolf's bast. All parts of the plant are poisonous. If the juice gets on the skin, swelling instantly occurs, a burn appears. In no case should you try berries. It starts to burn in the mouth, it is difficult to swallow, saliva flows profusely, the stomach is upset, vomiting appears. The victim must immediately provide first aid and call a doctor.

This plant is a shrub reaching a height of 120 cm. The narrow leaves of the wolf's bast are dark green in color. From above they are glossy, from below they have a bluish tint. The flowers are dyed pink tone. The drupe fruits are red and oval in shape, their seeds resemble shiny balls. The fruiting stage begins in July. Places of growth are the zone of forests and undergrowth.

How do poisonous plants affect the body?

These plants have different effects. Poisoning can occur when eaten, and sometimes a fleeting contact with the leaves is enough to burn the skin. In case of poisoning, a person may have dizziness, weakness, pain throughout the body, hearing and vision disorders. There are very severe cases when paralysis and even death occur. The time during which symptoms indicating poisoning become apparent is also different. In some cases - a matter of minutes, and in others - days.

First aid for poisonous plants

Helping an injured person as soon as he has been poisoned often saves his life. In case of poisoning, seek immediate medical attention. While waiting for the doctor, you should immediately flush the stomach strong tea, a solution of potassium permanganate. If none of these are available, saline or warm water can be used. boiled water. After the procedure, the victim must take activated charcoal, washing it down with a large amount of liquid. If the person stops breathing, artificial respiration is done.