How to teach a child to distinguish edible wild berries from poisonous ones? Inedible berries.

Many people enjoy hiking in the forest. Often they are accompanied by picking berries. A fascinating activity, but in the process you need to be careful, because not everything that can be found is edible. And in order to avoid troubles that can manifest itself in indigestion or poisoning, it is worth knowing which berries grow in the forest, and which of them is edible.

Red and scarlet wild berries

Due to their color, they are the easiest to see, so the story should start with them. So, what berries grow in the red forest and are edible at the same time?

Cowberry, it should be noted first of all, the berry is rich in carbohydrates, carotene and pectin. This sweet and sour wild berry grows on shrubs - low-growing evergreen perennials. The fruits are shiny, resembling small red balls (up to 0.8 cm in diameter). Ripens in late summer and early autumn.

Stone berry – herbaceous plant a maximum height of 30 centimeters. characteristic feature are long, sprawling shoots along the ground. A berry is a fairly large combined drupe of 4 fruitlets with large seeds inside. It ripens in mid-late summer, and to taste it resembles a juicy pomegranate.

viburnum- a small scarlet berry-drupe growing on leaf tree"groups". It is impossible not to recognize her. And it is better to collect after the first frost. Before them, it has not a sweet, but a bitter and sour taste.

orange wild berries

What berries grow in the forest and have this pleasant shade?

Cloudberry. It grows on herbaceous semi-shrub plants up to 30 cm high. The fruit is a prefabricated drupe, up to 1.5 centimeters in diameter. It could be confused with raspberries, if not for the delicate orange hue and tart-sweet taste. They are collected in July-August.

rowan fruits- Another edible berry in the forest. Grow in bunches (like viburnum) on tall trees sometimes reaching 10 meters in height. The fruits are dense, small, up to 1 cm in diameter. They taste juicy, but bitter, that’s why they don’t just eat them - they cook jam, compotes, pour honey or sugar.

Talking about what berries grow in the forest, one cannot but mention sea buckthorn.
Sea ​​buckthorn- This big bush, rather like a tree, with bright orange fruits that grow very interestingly. Looking at the photo provided above, you can see that the fruits literally stuck around the twig (in fact, hence the name). So you can't confuse them with anything.

Blue shades of wild berries

Perhaps the most beautiful "berry" color. And not rare. Everyone knows the amazing blueberry.

Blueberry - Blueberry on the outside, when crushed it will turn purple, and when peeled off, you can see that the flesh is green. The berry grows on a branchy shrub, the height of which is usually 30-50 cm (maximum - 1 m). It is easy to confuse it with blueberries (about it - a little later). But lighter stems and a broken receptacle distinguish it. And the blueberry berry has a sour, sugary taste.

Blueberry. In fact, it can be distinguished from blueberries not only by the above-mentioned features. Of course, these are similar wild berries. Blueberries are still darker, and purple inside. By the way, you can conduct a verification test right in the forest: stain your hand with berry juice, then try to wash it off. Failed, dark purple hue stay on the skin? So this is .

Honeysuckle- a wild berry that has a "blueberry" color, but elongated shape. It resembles a bell - even the "bottom" is flat. The taste is unique - it has sweetness, bitterness, slightly sour shades. But the most important thing is that blue honeysuckle contains a complex of minerals and vitamins. And it ripens early - in early June.

Black wild berries

In nature, this shade in its pure manifestation does not exist. But there are a lot of things that are close in color. For example, blackberries. The berry grows on semi-shrubs, the stems of which are covered with sharp thorns - therefore, it is worth grabbing tight gloves for assembly. The fruits are almost black, but are actually dark purple. There is a slight coating that is easy to remove.

Blackberry- an interesting berry. first it grows to its usual size (up to 2 cm), and then it acquires a shade - it turns from green to red, then to brown, and then to rich dark purple.

Bird cherry and buckthorn- another almost black berry. They are often confused. The berries are small, round, grow on trees. But the fruits grow in "groups", on pink twigs. From the side it seems that the tree is decorated with long dark earrings. And buckthorn rarely grows - 5-7 berries on branches densely covered with leaves. Cherry has a pleasant sweetish-astringent taste. Buckthorn is bitter-sour and non-aromatic. It is used in medicine and added to alcoholic tinctures.

Currant, where without it! Large berries grow on shrubs with lobed leaves. not only black, but also red and white. But the sweetest are black berries.

Other forest representatives

strawberries- many go to the forest just for this sweet berry. It grows in sunny glades, in the grass. Due to its resemblance to the well-known berry, loved by many with cream, it was nicknamed the "wild strawberry".

Cranberry- Many willingly go to coniferous sphagnum forests for. Absolutely all of its species are edible. Globular red berries are rich in vitamin C. Its amount is comparable to that of grapefruit, lemon and orange. Cranberries also contain vitamins K, B, PP and many other substances needed by the body. Perhaps this is the most useful marsh-forest berry.

crowberry- an interesting delicacy. It grows on undersized shrubs, the leaves of which are more like needles. When viewed from afar, it may seem that this is a juniper. But no - this is a bush with edible berries. They are sour, and there is practically no pulp in them. Juice inside! Hence the name. Recommended for removing radionuclides from organisms and making delicious jelly.

What can't be eaten?

Poisonous berries are also enough. Above we talked about blue honeysuckle - and so, there is also red, growing on large bushes. Its berries are round and poisonous, like the fruits of a wolf's bast. Only these are even more dangerous. They look like sea buckthorn - only red and round, they also stick around a twig. You can’t even touch them - the poison is too strong, it can quickly penetrate the skin.

15 07.18

Black Berries! Which ones are edible and which ones are poisonous?

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Black fruits on shrubs and trees are a mystery to many people. Most do not know their names, properties, the ability to eat. Often black berries are very tasty and beneficial fruits. However, no less often you can find poisonous fruits, the use of which can lead to sad consequences.

Types of berries and their beneficial properties

As a rule, berries contain a lot of useful microelements (carbohydrates, nutrients) in their composition and are recommended for use in the treatment various diseases.

According to the generally accepted classification, berries are divided into the following types:

• berries;
• apple - in addition to apples, it includes pear and rowan fruits;
• pumpkin - those fruits that grow on melons, pumpkins, zucchini;
• Pomeranian is a citrus fruit.

How to distinguish an edible wild berry from an inedible one

By appearance it is not easy to distinguish such berries. However, there are a number of signs to look out for:

• Poisonous berries are most often bitter in taste, non-poisonous have a pleasant taste, juicy;
• Before trying a berry, you need to carefully consider the space next to a shrub or tree. If there are traces of birds pecking at the berries, then there is a high probability that they can be eaten;
• Poisonous berries, as a rule, are small, have a shiny surface and a red-black color.

The main types of edible garden and forest berries

Among garden and forest berries, the most popular edible fruits are: elderberry, chokeberry, bird cherry, honeysuckle, blackberry, mulberry, black raspberry and currant, blueberry, blueberry, juniper.

All these fruits, to one degree or another, have useful properties and are recommended in the treatment of various diseases in humans.

Poisonous Wild Berries

When walking through the forest, it is very important to be able to identify berries that can be harmful to the body, cause intoxication, and in some cases, death.

Here are the main representatives of such berries:

• Girlish grapes - in appearance similar to home. Fruits in small berries with a sharp and tart taste. Minor use will not cause harm, but it will not add benefit either;
• Nightshade - berries resembling small tomato. They grow on grassy bushes, it is strictly forbidden to eat, poisonous;
• Brittle buckthorn - similar to bird cherry, poisonous, it is forbidden to eat;
• Voronet spike-shaped - has a similarity with mountain ash and bird cherry. When used, it inflames the mucous membrane of the human body; when it comes into contact with the skin, it causes watery blisters;
• Privet ("wolf berries") - black berries, similar to bird cherry, grow on shrubs. Highly poisonous, forbidden to eat;
• Belladonna is highly toxic and can be fatal if consumed.

Poisoning with inedible berries: signs and assistance

The main signs of poisoning with inedible berries include the following:

• Rapid pulse, dizziness, malaise;
• abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, upset;
• convulsions.

If such signs appear in a person, it is necessary to call the rescue service, and before it arrives, try to provide first aid to the victim.
First of all, it is necessary to induce vomiting in order to cleanse the body of the effects of poisons. Then take pills activated carbon(1 tablet per 10 kg of human weight) or other absorbent. It is also recommended to take a laxative, for complete cleansing body from a poisonous substance. After that, the victim is wrapped up and soldered with sweet hot tea.

" Garden

Berries are delicious and useful product. Chefs use them to prepare masterpieces, and housewives find berries used in all spheres of life.

You can pick berries during summer, autumn and even winter. Strawberries and strawberries are the first to appear. They are best harvested in early summer, when the berries are ripe and full of flavor. For lingonberries, blueberries, stone berries and blueberries, they go to coniferous forests. Berries such as cranberries and cloudberries grow near damp places. Most often in swamps or near streams or rivers. An excellent dessert will be raspberries and blackberries. However, when going to the forest, you need to pay attention that not all berries are edible. Poisonous berries are life-threatening! The names of the most popular edible berries are listed below.

Cowberry

Saturated gustatory qualities of lingonberries growing in dry areas of pine forests. These are small bushes with bright scarlet berries. It is necessary to collect lingonberries by the end of summer - in the fall, when the berries have poured and become dark coral in color. The fruits contain a lot of sugar, so lingonberries make good jams and jams.. Not only berries are used, but also leaves. They have disinfectant and other useful properties.

A plant with shoots creeping along the ground, only 30 cm high. Bone fruits are very similar in appearance to raspberries, both in shape and color. In each drupe of the fruit, there is one bone. The taste of the berry resembles a ripe pomegranate.. The berry finds a wide scope. It is often used for drinks and desserts. Tea is brewed with leaves. It turns out fragrant, but slightly viscous. Homemade wine is made from berries and is even added to the production of vinegar and shampoos.

These large berries, dark blue, easily confused with blueberries. You can tell them apart by the size of the bush. The blueberry bush is 30 cm high, while the blueberry grows on a shrub reaching a height of 90 cm. The flesh of the blueberry is a watery structure with a greenish tint. You can pick berries in various types forests. Most often, the berry grows on hills and in the mountains. When picking blueberries, care must be taken to ensure that rosemary leaves do not get into the basket along with the berries. The leaves are poisonous. Cause drowsiness, dizziness and fainting. But blueberry leaves, on the contrary, contain a lot of useful properties. On their basis, teas are brewed, infusions are made and used in cooking.

It is not recommended to give blueberries to children under 1.5 years old, to use by lactating and pregnant women. The use of berries is dangerous with the risk of developing diathesis.

One of the most useful berries. It has a blue-black color. Blueberries are a strong dye. After eating a handful, a colored tongue can be observed for a long time. Grows on small bushes in moist and shaded areas. The berry has wide application in medicine. Blueberries contain many useful properties that help fight the formation of tumors, scurvy, improve vision. Berry is useful for losing weight. Substances contained in blueberries contribute to the process of accelerating metabolism. It is better to use fresh berries, but for the winter you can dry or freeze blueberries.

Due to a one-time use of berries in large quantities, digestive problems may occur.

Black medium-sized berry, in appearance resembles a blackcurrant. You can find it both in the shady and warmed by the sun. Grows on shrubs or low trees. The best time for collecting elderberry - late summer - early autumn. At this time, the berries ripen and become the most useful for humans.

Be sure to pay attention to the fact that black elderberries contain only useful substances, and red ones are poisonous to humans.

Dangerous are unripe elderberry fruits, foliage and flowers. AT medicinal purposes the berry is used in dried and processed form. To save elderberry for the winter, you need to pay attention to storage conditions. The berry is quite susceptible to temperature and humidity.

Cranberry

Small evergreen shrubs creeping along the ground. Berries are common in all corners the globe, but the best climatic conditions for wild cranberries are high humidity and low temperature. The fruits have a dense skin and a fiery red color. The berry has a specific, sour, taste. Usually, the collection of cranberries begins in August, but the fruits can hold out on the plant until the beginning of spring, while retaining all the nutrients, and there are quite a few of them in cranberries. It is of great value as medicinal plant, used in cooking for preparing drinks and various dishes. It tends to be stored for a long time in frozen and dried forms.

Berries are contraindicated for people with intestinal diseases and acid-sensitive tooth enamel.

Advantages and disadvantages

All varieties and types garden berries were bred from their forest ancestors. However, berries grown in garden conditions, do not get that unique set of elements, as when growing in a forest. It has long been known that wild berries are tastier and healthier. They are often used in pharmacology and medicine.

The main useful properties of wild berries are:

1. Berries growing in wild forests are not polluted by civilization. They absorb those useful substances that nature and the plants around them give, without the admixture of chemicals or fertilizers.

Wild berries are an environmentally friendly product

1. Fruit contain a large number of antioxidants, which remove toxins from the body, help maintain a figure in good shape, slow down aging, prevent diseases of the cardiovascular system, deterioration in general well-being, apathy, and sleep disturbances.
2. Berries do not accumulate heavy metals . All harmful substances linger in the roots, stems, leaves of plants. Therefore, when collecting foliage, you should pay attention to whether there are nearby industrial enterprises or tracks.
3. The use of wild berries, allows you to save consumed vitamins for a long time. What is the key to good health in winter.
4. Many berries are reduce the risk of developing malignant tumors.
5. Antiseptic properties of fruits useful for those who suffer from diseases of the bladder and kidneys.
6. Blueberry contains substances that reduce the likelihood of blood clots in vessels and the development of atherosclerosis.
7. When using wild berries visual acuity improves. Researchers have proven that with the daily use of wild natural berries, in the conditions of a modern lifestyle, good vision persists up to 55 - 60 years.
8. A berry such as raspberries is often used as an antipyretic.. When sweat is released, the body is cleansed of substances accumulated due to improper lifestyle. Raspberries strengthen the immune system, which allows you to more effectively fight colds and other viral diseases.

Raspberry is a good antipyretic

1. Not only berries have medicinal properties, but also foliage, flowers, and sometimes plant roots. On their basis, infusions are made and teas are brewed. Plant parts can be used fresh or dried.. The leaves have the ability to lower blood sugar.
2. The use of red berries, increases hemoglobin in the blood. This is especially helpful for the elderly. Before use, you need to pay attention to contraindications, if any.
3. Of course, wild berries have a real rich smell and taste. They absorb the aromas of the forest: needles, herbs and others. Can be used to make desserts, sauces, drinks. Useful berry treats will be for children. They will help strengthen and protect the child's body from harm.

Wild berries have a small amount of shortcomings, which are lost against the background of the list of advantages. But still it is worth paying attention to them.

Berries should be consumed in moderation. The fanatical use of berries in all areas of life can lead to health problems:

1. Disrupting the job gastrointestinal tract
2. The appearance of rashes, redness, and the subsequent development of allergies
3. The occurrence of dental problems: the destruction of tooth enamel, the development of caries, increased sensitivity.

Caution should be taken to the use of berries for people with diseases of the pancreas and liver, since an excess of certain substances can adversely affect the organs.

Forest berries - a storehouse useful substances and palatability. Their moderate use can give long life, reduce the risk of diseases and simply strengthen the body. And of course forest fragrant berries will be a good addition for culinary masterpieces.

Any experienced tourist knows that in the forest you can only eat what you are one hundred percent sure of. That it is better to leave a suspicious mushroom alone, and throw out a no less suspicious berry. After all, the matter may not be limited to the banal - many plants are so poisonous that death after eating them occurs within a few days. But with proper theoretical training, learning to distinguish the edible from the dangerous is quite easy. So, what dangerous berries grow in our latitudes and how to distinguish them.

raven eye

Perhaps the most dangerous option. A medium-sized black single berry can be easily confused with ordinary blueberries. Such a mistake can be fatal for a person, since one berry contains such a dose of saponin, which is enough to cause respiratory arrest and. To distinguish this plant is quite simple - its leaves almost always form an equilateral cross. Also on a similar cross is usually a single berry. Although blueberries are similar in shape, there are several berries on the bush at once, plus the leaves do not form a cross.

Wolf's bast

Small red berries differ extremely feature- they grow directly on the stem of the plant, so they can only be confused with sea buckthorn. The differences are. that ripe sea buckthorn is bright orange, and wolfberry- deep red. Plus, sea buckthorn leaves are much more elongated in length. Sea buckthorn also produces significantly more berries. But in the early stages, it is quite possible to confuse these plants.

May lily of the valley

Yes. these lovely flowers, so well known to us, give very poisonous berries, stuffed with special glycosides to the very worst. These glycosides can easily stop an adult male's heart, so it's best not to touch them. You can probably confuse lily of the valley with cranberries or dogwood. Here are just the characteristic leaves of lily of the valley and small size flowers make it difficult. So just remember - do not touch the lily of the valley berries.

Belladonna (Belladonna)

They contain atropine, which is widely used for medical purposes. They just contain too much of it, so cardiac arrest and paralysis of the respiratory muscles are guaranteed. Small black berries can be easily confused with bird cherry, since the leaves of these plants are practically the same. But each belladonna berry is surrounded by a rather fleshy stalk. Bird cherry grows on thin tassels, on which there can be quite a lot of berries at the same time.

Nightshade black

A few accidentally eaten berries and a shock dose of cardiac glycosides are provided to you. And with it, heartbeats. It can be confused with the same bird cherry, since in both cases the berries grow on tassels. However, in bird cherry, the tassel is elongated and all the berries lie sequentially, while in nightshade they stick out on their stalks from almost one point.

Nightshade bittersweet

You just don’t need to check these red berries for compliance with the name - you definitely don’t need a dose of dangerous glycosides. You can only confuse them with viburnum or mountain ash. Or with wild red currants. Here you need to look at the stalks - in nightshade they are expressed in the form of a five-pointed star. In addition, there are usually few berries in a bunch, which cannot be said about the plants mentioned above. Well, typical purple flowers, which are often observed simultaneously with already ripe berries.

Voronet krasnoplodny

A perennial plant with delicious looking red berries. It can be easily confused with viburnum and mountain ash. But in these plants, the berry clusters hang down, and in the crow they stick out, resembling cones or cobs. In addition, the red-fruited crow is more of a herbaceous plant, and it does not have pronounced woody parts.

As you can see, to distinguish edible berry from inedible, you need to know not so much. The main rule is this: if you are not one hundred percent sure, do not eat it. You don't need to put yourself in mortal risk just because of your insecurities - it's better to move on and continue your search for food somewhere else. After all, there are many that will not expose you to potential risk!

This article will help all lovers of hiking in the forest, tourists, mushroom pickers and hunters. If you suddenly get lost in the forest, by no means eat unfamiliar berries, they can be deadly. Below I tried to describe and attach a photo of the most poisonous berries that are found in central Russia.

Belladonna (beauty)

It is also popularly called wild cherry or sleepy dope, rubella, etc. is one of the most dangerous poisonous plants.

Blooms from July to autumn. The fruit is a black-blue berry, flattened-spherical, but strangely, it tastes sweet and sour. Very often, children are poisoned with these berries, because in appearance it resembles a cherry. Just a few berries are enough to cause a serious departure in a child. The whole plant is poisonous; it contains alkaloids such as: atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine

Symptoms of belladonna poisoning

Signs of belladonna poisoning occur after 10-20 minutes. If the administration is light, then dry mouth and burning in the throat begin, swallowing is difficult and speech too. Palpitation is rapid. Voice is hoarse. The pupils are dilated and do not react to light. Near vision is disturbed. Fear of light, flies flash before the eyes. Dryness and redness of the skin, the person is excited, hallucinations and delirium often occur. Severe poisoning manifests itself in a complete loss of orientation, mental agitation and convulsions. Often ends in death

raven eye

All parts of the plant are poisonous (leaves, stem, berries). 10 berries are enough to cause cardiac arrest. The plant contains many cardiac glycosides.

Symptoms of crow's eye poisoning

Symptoms of administration are irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, vomiting, a drop in heart rate, sometimes up to 40 or less beats and cardiac arrest, often there is paralysis of the respiratory center.

If you set out, immediately rinse your stomach, drink a sorbent, take a laxative.

wolf's bark, Wolfberry (Daphne)

It is a shrub up to 1 meter high with fragrant flowers and very poisonous berries Red. The flowers are small, like lilacs. It is not worth smelling the flowers of the wolfberry, because they cause headache and They really do smell like lilacs. The berries are deadly poisonous, bears fruit in summer. The berries are red, inside the stone

This shrub has poisonous berries that ripen in August. The berries are oval, green at first, then turn red

Symptoms of wolf poisoning

after eating berries, there is a burning sensation in the mouth, pain in the stomach, nausea and vomiting, weakness throughout the body. Meserein, which is part of the berries, strongly irritates the skin and mucous membranes. There are also coumarins in the berries that cause increased bleeding. Even touching these berries is very dangerous, and if the juice gets on the mucous membrane of the eye, ulcers will appear on the cornea, which are very difficult to heal

Lily of the valley

The whole plant is poisonous. Contains poisonous alkaloids. Most often poisoned by berries that have a beautiful orange-red color.

Elder black, red and herbaceous

Ripe black elderberries are often used to make jams and compotes, but unripe berries are poisonous.

Two types of elderberry are poisonous, these are elderberry (red) and elderberry herbaceous, these types of elderberry contain cyanoglycosides. recognize poisonous species elderberry is not difficult. Elder red low shrub or tree up to 4 meters leaves pointed, lanceolate, flowers white color, with a greenish and yellowish tint. The fruits are red berries collected in a "panicle"

Symptoms of elderberry poisoning

Elderberry poisoning causes dizziness, headache, weakness, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. characteristic staining of mucous membranes blue color as a result of the accumulation of oxyhemoglobin in the venous blood. Tachycardia is replaced in the later stages by bradycardia. There is shortness of breath with a delay in expiration, convulsions are possible. Death occurs from respiratory arrest due to acute heart failure.

Crow Berries (Crowberry)

Herbaceous plant 30-50 cm high. The flowers of the plant are white, small, but noticeable quite well. The leaves of the plant are complex, consisting of several leaf blades. Leaves with serrated edges. (unknowingly can be confused with young umbrella plants, for example with gout) The upper one has two lateral teeth that are not symmetrical to each other. Berries are oblong black, white or red. The berries are collected in a bunch. The smell of berries is unpleasant, they appear in July - August. The plant contains alkaloids that irritate the skin. If you touch the plant, then bubbles may appear on the skin.

AT middle lane In Russia, the most common corow is spiced (with black berries), with red berries, the cohosh is found mainly in Siberia.

Previously, black paint was made from raven, for this it was boiled with alum

Symptoms of poisoning

Lethargy, Vomiting, diarrhea, inflammation of the intestines (very strong). Despite this plant, it is considered medicinal and in microdoses is successfully used in medicine for many diseases.

Nightshade bittersweet

Semi-shrub with woody base and long climbing stem. Poisonous red berries. Ripens June-October. Contains solanine, solasodine, dulcamarine glycoside and other substances.

Symptoms of poisoning

Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, shortness of breath, arrhythmia (pulse disturbance), pupils dilated, in severe cases, destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), jaundice, liver problems.

warty euonymus

Euonymus fruits are poisonous. Cause inflammation of the intestines, reduce the pulse rate.

Poisonous Wild Berries