How to propagate blackberries with air layering and green cuttings at home. Features of reproduction and pruning of blackberries in the country

Many amateur gardeners grow and breed the well-known blackberry on their plots. To breed it, there are ways to propagate blackberries. Of which, you can choose the easiest and most affordable for everyone.

Many inexperienced gardeners often wonder how to propagate blackberries to get high yield. You can do it yourself using different methods, or you can buy blackberry seedlings at the store.

Blackberries can reproduce in different ways:

• apical layering;
• seeds;
• offspring;
• root and green cuttings;
• green root suckers;
• dividing the bush.

To propagate blackberries vegetatively, for this, 2 methods are used: root and apical offspring or lateral layering.

There are varieties of kumaniki that can be propagated by any of the methods you like.

Reproduction by seeds

When propagating blackberries by seeds, many species acquire their qualities from the main bush. To get excellent germination, blackberry seeds should be kept in water for several days. Rain water is best. Next, the seeds must be mixed with sand and scattered on the surface in boxes with soil, so that later the seedlings do not have to be thinned out. From above they are sprinkled with a layer of soil no more than 1 cm. After all, it is necessary to drink plenty of water warm water and cover with foil on top. Sowing should begin in February.

It should be noted! Watering is best done with a spray bottle so as not to wash the seeds.

Every day you need to open the film to ventilate the seedlings. Watering is carried out as the soil dries. The temperature should be provided optimal not lower than 20 degrees. After the appearance of the first shoots, the seedlings are planted in the garden, adhering to the interval between the furrows of 10-15 cm. The blackberry, propagated from seeds, brings a crop for the 3rd year of life.

Apical layering

There are varieties of creeping blackberries, it is best to root them with layering that has reached a size of up to 25-30 cm. To do this, grooves are dripped along the bushes, the ends of the shoots are laid in them, then they are covered with soil up to 10 cm. It is better to start rooting in the summer, depending on species and climatic conditions.

Should know! It is necessary to have time to root the shoots before the appearance of frost, otherwise they will freeze.

In the spring, when the shoots germinate, they should be separated from the main plant and planted in the garden.

Reproduction of blackberries by layering is considered the most in a simple way.

Rooting of apical buds, shoots

When young shoots reach a length of half a meter, their tops are cut off by 15 cm. When the first leaves appear, they are leaned against the ground and sprinkled thin layer, no more than 5 cm. Next spring, the crown is cut off and sent for growing. A year later, after the rooting of the stem, it is dug up, divided into separate seedlings and planted in the allotted place. Gardeners involved in cultivation know that the propagation of blackberries by the tops is not suitable for all varieties, but only creeping ones.

It should be noted! When digging and dividing the cuttings, you should save the earthen lump so that the plant is better accepted and the roots are not damaged.

Root offspring

In upright varieties, offspring from a large bush are used to get a good layering. Reproduction of blackberries by root offspring begins in May-June. When they reach 10-15 cm, they are dug out and planted in the allotted place. It is allowed to transplant in the fall, leaving an earthen ball on the rhizomes. From one healthy bush, up to 25 offspring are obtained.

Root cuttings

To independently breed blackberries with root cuttings, you must perform the following steps:

1. In autumn or spring, remove the rhizomes of the shrub from the ground and cut into cuttings of 5-10 cm each. Blackberry propagation by cuttings comes from a bush that has reached 3 years of age, whose roots are up to 1 cm thick.
2. If the harvesting of the cuttings took place in the fall, they are placed in wet sand and sent underground to store the cuttings in the winter.
3. Planting is carried out in prepared trenches, 15 cm deep, cuttings are laid in them, sprinkled with soil, then they are poured with plenty of water.
4. Throughout summer season, they need plentiful care, watering, loosening, cleaning from weeds.

From one strong bush, more than 100 seedlings can be bred.

It is important to know! For the thornless blackberry, this method not suitable, as well as for non-thorny blackberries. The result is seedlings with thorns.

Green cuttings

For propagation of garden blackberries, you can apply green cuttings. The cuttings must be cut in such a way that they have a leaf and a kidney. It is better to start blackberry cuttings in the summer in July, choosing apical shoots for this. In order for the cut cuttings to take root better, they are treated with indolylbutyric acid, after which they are planted in pots. Better they will take root grown in perlite. soil mixture you can buy, as well as cook yourself:

• peat;
• perlite;
• sand;
• leaf land;
• humus.

Pots with blackberry cuttings can be covered with a film, or taken out to a greenhouse or greenhouse. It is necessary to create optimal conditions, moderate watering, ventilation, temperature 20 degrees, humidity 95-100%. Within a month, blackberry cuttings should release strong roots, they are first hardened, then planted in the garden.

By dividing the bush

Blackberry propagation by dividing the bush is used for species that do not have offspring. You need to know how to properly divide the bush. In each part, there must be shoots and strong roots.

It should be noted! Mature bushes with poor roots are not suitable for reproduction.

With this method of reproduction, up to 5 strong bushes can come out of 1 bush. Usually, the division of the bush begins in the spring, when the frost has passed. Delenki are planted immediately in the garden in a prepared place.

planting blackberries

Breeding blackberries is a process that requires care and attention. To plant a berry, you need to choose a special place. It should be lit, with fertile land. Well, if you plant it along the fence, protecting it from drafts. Partial shade is suitable for the plant, but the berries will lose their qualities, will not be as sweet, due to lack of sun. The hole should be dug deep, about half a meter, so that powerful roots can fit in it. The seedling is deepened into the ground so that the neck sticks out above the ground. The earth around the seedling is slightly tamped and poured with plenty of water. room temperature. It is allowed to plant seedlings in the garden, in the allotted place in the fall and in the spring. To prevent the plant from freezing in winter, it must be covered. First, the bush is bent to the ground, then covered with dry grass, you can use roofing felt. You need to know how to do it in order to get a rich harvest. To do this, the following requirements must be met:

• Abundant and regular watering.
• Timely feeding.
• Loosening the soil and clearing weeds.

On the own site it is better to have more than one fruit berry bush - blackberry, but several. You don't have to worry if the plantation is attacked viral disease and have to delete everything. Blackberry breeds large quantity ways. You just need to know in what periods it is better to use and which method is suitable for obtaining high-quality and viable planting material.

Features of blackberry reproduction in spring, summer and autumn

Blackberries are propagated at any time of the year - in spring, summer and autumn, except for winter. Suitable for every period various ways shrub division.

Spring is an ideal time for rooting blackberry cuttings that have a root system. Seedlings can be grown from seed or share pieces of roots when transplanting the mother bush.

Rooting is carried out in the spring, until the plant begins to produce tender young leaves. This procedure is recommended after the last frosts have left. Precise start date landing work it is forbidden. It varies due to weather conditions and the climate of the region.

Planted in the spring, young blackberry cuttings quickly gain strength and release roots, well fixed in the ground.

In summer, blackberries are propagated by layering by burying shoots, digging up young offspring and transplanting them to a new place of residence. The shrub is planted by dividing the bush into several daughter shoots.

When propagating blackberries by dividing the bush, there is a danger that the shrub will not be able to take root for a long period due to elevated temperature air. Therefore, it is necessary to mulch the soil after planting so that the soil gives less moisture by evaporation.

In autumn, it is recommended to dig in blackberry layering, pinning part of the vine to the ground with a pin and covering it with soil from above. In winter, the runners will release young roots and take root in the ground. In the spring, it remains to cut off the young bush from the mother plant and transplant to a new place.

The gardener himself must determine the exact time for planting, taking into account his desires and capabilities. Every moment of time is successful only with good, high-quality care.

Blackberry propagation methods

The methods of propagation of blackberries depend on its type. For example, for bush remontant blackberries, dividing the bush and propagating by root buds is best suited. But for upright shrub species that give a lot of root offspring, they will take root well with lateral shoots and top.

There are the following methods of propagation of blackberries:

1. seeds;
2. dividing the bush;
3. top deepening;
4. layering;
5. offspring;
6. cuttings;
7. sleeping kidney

Thus, each gardener not only selects for himself optimal time for planting, but also the most liked method for growing planting material, depending on the variety of shrubs.

Let us consider in more detail each of the previously named methods of reproduction.

seeds

Getting seeds from blackberries is very simple, but they germinate, as a rule, extremely reluctantly.

Each berry contains a sufficient amount of planting material. It is only necessary to bring the fruit to full ripeness and dry the berry. The resulting seedlings can be planted immediately in the prepared soil.

Step by step instructions planting blackberry seeds:

1. For 2-3 days, the seeds are soaked in rain (melt) water. Some gardeners do not fulfill this condition and carry out soaking in the usual boiled water. The expected results are not as positive as when soaking under proper conditions.
2. Be sure to harden the seeds by spending a period of stratification for them. To do this, the seedlings are placed in a batch with river sand and fine peat (1:3) in the refrigerator for 45-60 days.
3. After that, planting is carried out in flowerpots prepared in advance. It is recommended to plant the seeds in such a way that they do not interfere with each other. Seedlings should be placed at a distance of 3-4 cm and at a depth of no more than 8 mm.
4. The favorable temperature for the germination of the first shoots is +20 C. Watering is carried out, if necessary, with boiled settled water.
5. After the appearance of 3-4 full-fledged leaves on shoots, they need to be transplanted into open ground.

Note! Planting seeds does not preserve the maternal qualities of the bush. It is suitable for the practice of young or inexperienced gardeners.

By dividing the bush

This method of propagation of blackberries is necessary when the shrub does not have other ways to divide, i.e. it lacks young shoots.

1. To do this, the entire shrub is dug out in spring or autumn.
2. The division is carried out in such a way that 2-3 shoots remain on all cut off parts, and at least one underground bud is present on the roots. By dividing a good adult blackberry bush, you can get up to 5-6 young bushes, fully endowed with a well-developed root system.
3. Next, the seedlings are planted in open ground.

Carefully! Old shrubs are not suitable for dividing.

The procedure for propagating blackberries by dividing the bush can be carried out in the spring, when last snow, then the roots will have time to take root and grow with the first sunny days. In the fall, it is worth holding an event so that the seedlings planted in a new place have time to grow and fully take root in the ground. But the advantage of propagating blackberries by dividing the bush in the fall is preparation for winter and the natural stratification of the shrub, after which the seedling develops immunity.

tops

This breeding method is ideal for climbing, climbing and creeping blackberries, and it can only be performed at the end of summer - early autumn (ideally - at the end of August). This is necessary so that the stalk has time to take root and take root before the onset of cold weather.

Important! Climatic conditions must be taken into account. Therefore, the method is not suitable for growing in Siberia and the Urals. If it is not possible to propagate blackberries in another way, then it is recommended to hold the event at an earlier date.

Step-by-step instruction according to the propagation of blackberries, the tops look like in the following way:

1. To carry out this method of reproduction, it is necessary that the annual blackberry shoots grow 1.5 m in length.
2. Further, their upper shoots are spudded and buried in the ground by 10-15 cm.
3. After a month or less, the tops give a good root system and young shoots that need to be covered with leaves or spruce branches.
4. In the spring, it remains only to separate the seedlings from the mother bush and transplant them to a new place.

Video: top propagation of blackberries

layering

It is best to propagate climbing blackberries in this way. This method is great if you have enough blackberries, as you are planting shoots in the ground that could bear fruit next summer.

To propagate blackberries with horizontal layering, you need:

1. In late summer - early autumn, attach an annual shoot to the ground.
2. Then dig a trench, up to a depth of 20 cm. Lay it carefully so that only the tops remain on the surface.
3. After placing the shoot in the trench, it is pinched from 2 sides - at the base and at the apex with a hook or pin. From above it is covered with soil.
4. The last stage of rooting is mulching and thorough watering.
5. After 30-60 days, the first rhizomes and young shoots should appear.
6. In the spring, dig up and transplant to a new place.

Root offspring

At the beginning of each spring, the plant drives out young offspring for further growth of the shrub. When the young offspring reach a length of 10-20 cm, they are dug out, tearing out the root system, and separated from the common rhizome of the mother bush with a pruner. After that, they are transplanted to a prepared place.

So transplanted into autumn period, but then an impressive clod of earth is left on the rhizome so that the plant does not feel significant changes and does not start to hurt.

Reproduction in water by a dormant bud

Cuttings are carried out in the autumn. The shoot is cut so that 2-3 buds remain on the cutting, and it is up to 15-20 cm high. Cuttings are stored, like root cuttings, in a refrigerator or cellar.

1. At the end of winter-beginning of spring, take out the cuttings. Turn upside down and place in a jar or glass.
2. Pour water so that it covers only one kidney, while the rest continue to sleep.
3. Hold the cuttings in a window and add water as it evaporates.
4. When the kidney wakes up, a young shoot with roots will grow out of it. Separate it and plant it in a pot with loose earth.
5. Now submerge the next bud in water and wait for the appearance of a small blackberry again.

cuttings

Blackberries can be propagated by stem (lignified) and green cuttings.

stem cuttings

This method of propagation is suitable for any variety of blackberries. The benefits of breeding stem cuttings are simplicity, versatility, and a large number of seedlings at one time.

To propagate blackberries with stem cuttings, you must:

1. In autumn, cut cuttings 40 cm long from annual already lignified shoots.
2. Dig them in the garden until spring to a depth of 20 cm.
3. Dig up in the spring, renew the sections on both sides, lay them out in rows, retreating 5-10 cm from one another and cover them with earth again.
4. Water, weed and wait for seedlings. For quick germination, place arcs and cover with a film.
5. When bushes with 2-3 real leaves grow in the garden, carefully remove the cuttings from the ground. On each cutting, 2–3 young plants with roots were formed.
6. Separate them and plant them in nursery pots.
7. If the seedlings began to grow new leaves, and the stems grew, then it's time to transfer them to permanent place.

Green cuttings

There is another option for the cultivation of blackberries by cuttings - planting in the summer green cuttings taken from the top.

Propagation of blackberries by green cuttings occurs as follows:

1. In the middle of summer (in July), cut off the tops of the shoots about 20 cm long.
2. From the bottom of this branch, cut off a stalk with two leaves. It is not necessary to take the tip itself for reproduction.
3. Cut off the bottom leaf of each cutting, leaving a stump, and shorten the top leaf by 1/2.
4. Dip the cuttings in a rooting stimulant, for example, "Kornevin" (1: 1 with soil) and plant in separate pots or boxes with peat or earth mixed in equal proportions with perlite. Rooting should take place in a greenhouse or an unventilated greenhouse. Optimal Humidity- 96–100%, temperature - about +30⁰C.
5. Naturally, some cuttings may rot, but some will definitely take root. If the cuttings have new leaves, then they have taken root and given roots. You can begin to ventilate the greenhouse, and after a week, transplant the blackberries to a permanent place.

The most serious drawback is the fact that the survival rate of green cuttings is only 10%, and creating conditions for their germination in a greenhouse is not the easiest thing to do.

Popular blackberry breeding mistakes

Those who don't make mistakes don't try to improve. All gardeners do a series of wrong things and learn from their own mistakes. If experienced farmers had not stumbled in their time, they would not have been able to have their own point of view and their own methods for growing a plant.

The following errors are distinguished when propagating blackberries different ways:

1. First of all, you should adhere to the landing dates. Mainly follow up weather conditions allowing rooting by tops or cuttings.
2. Improperly planted offspring will not be able to take root in time and will freeze at the first drop in temperature;
3. Should be rooted immediately open ground. If the cuttings are placed in water and try to grow roots on them, then when planting it is possible to break the tender rhizomes.

Attention! Instructions for preparing cuttings or branches for propagation should be followed. When dividing a shrub, it is imperative to carefully examine whether underground buds remain on the rhizome or not. After rooting, young seedlings should be carefully cared for. Without monitoring the state of landings, all prepared material may die.

Thus, propagating blackberries is not difficult, but interesting and exciting. The first independent results on the rooting of young seedlings and cuttings are especially important. To succeed, you need to adhere to the basic rules and monitor the soil moisture and the absence of diseases and pests.

In contact with

But what to do if you really want to get as much planting material as possible as soon as possible, and even save money at the same time? There is a way out: we study ways to breed blackberries and choose the most effective one for ourselves.

Propagation of blackberries and growing it on household plots is gaining more and more popularity. And this is no accident! There are plenty of reasons to cultivate this plant: fragrant berries- a storehouse of vitamins and microelements, unpretentiousness in agricultural technology, the ability to quickly get a plant - are these not arguments to settle garden blackberries on your site!

Of course, you understand that a plant like a blackberry is planted not for 1 year, and not even for 5. In one place, a shrub can grow and bear fruit well for more than 10 years! Therefore, it is understandable that you took care and purchased promising seedlings from a nursery or from amateur gardeners.

If you have a mother plant, about 20 seedlings can be grown from it. This method is the most cost-effective and suitable for beginner gardeners.

Video about blackberry breeding

Method 1

1. In the first decade of August, when the heat subsides, we select healthy annual shoots and dig them in at a shallow depth, approximately in the bayonet of a shovel. We do not cut off the shoot from the mother bush.
2. The end of the escape is outside. It needs to be trimmed by 10-15 centimeters to stop growth.
3. The place of digging, if the soil is crumbly, can be pressed down with a brick or stone from above, or a branch can be pinned with a loop of thick wire to the bottom of the hole.
4. We mulch and regularly water the earth in the place of digging.
5. After 2 months, in the first decade of October, we carefully dig up the shoots with a pitchfork, they should already take root, as evidenced by young thick white roots.
6. We cut off the finished seedling from the mother bush and immediately plant it in a permanent place.

Such a digging can be done in the fall at the end of September-beginning of October, and in the spring young seedlings can be planted.

If you have a mother plant, you can grow about 20 seedlings from it

Method 2

With this method of propagation of garden blackberries, the top of the shoot is dug in, the tip of which must also be cut off beforehand. All further actions are the same as in method 1. But the resulting seedlings can be separated in the spring.

To make the shoot take root faster, there is a little trick. Before digging in the place where it will be in the ground, it is necessary sharp knife lightly scratch or cut the bark to make it easier for the roots to break through.

This method is suitable if you take planting material from bushes that have been growing for more than 3 years. During this time, they have already acquired a powerful root system, which has spread underground, and in some places the so-called offspring, young shoots from the root, have appeared. In this case, you just need to dig up the offspring with part of the root system and plant them in a permanent place. It is best to perform this procedure in the spring, after persistent warming, then survival will be much better.

For hybrids and large-fruited blackberries, this method is not suitable.

But not all varieties of blackberries produce root offspring. For hybrids and large-fruited blackberries, this method is not suitable.

Like currants, blackberries are very easy to propagate with green cuttings, that is, parts of shoots. This is the most productive way, because from one bud you get 1 seedling. Read the instructions carefully and you will be fine.

Video about blackberry cuttings

1. In autumn, prepare cuttings with annual shoots. There should be at least 2, maximum 3 buds on the handle. It should not be longer than 15 centimeters. We cut the leaves. We are interested in the kidneys sleeping in the sinuses.
2. Important! We turn the cutting down with the upper kidney and put it in a jar of water so that the water covers only the lower kidney. The other 2 kidneys are resting.
3. We put the jar on the windowsill and regularly add water as it evaporates.
4. After some time, a mini blackberry bush with roots and young shoots will grow from a kidney in water. He is what interests us.
5. We separate this young seedling along with part of the cutting itself and plant it in a glass with a light nutrient soil mixture for growing seedlings, lightly water it.
6. Now you can put the next kidney in the water! The process is repeated.
7. We grow young blackberry bushes on the windowsill or in the greenhouse until spring.

Like currants, blackberries are very easy to propagate with green cuttings, that is, parts of shoots.

When frost is sweeping outside the window, a small plantation of bright green blackberry bushes pleases the eye on your windowsill and inspires hope for the future harvest. Of course, you spent a particle of your work and time on it. But if you do it with pleasure, putting your soul into it, is it not the happiness of a gardener - even in winter to do what you love! And breeding blackberries is now not a problem for you!

Blackberry has already become widespread in Russia. Breeders have bred more than 100 varieties of this crop. Among them there are varieties with thorns, as well as thornless varieties. Large-fruited and hardy shrubs blackberries. The blackberry bush bears fruit with black berries. The fruits appear on biennial shoots.

If a variety purchased on the market or in a nursery pleases you with its harvest, you can propagate it yourself. In this case, black berries will be enough not only for consumption in fresh but also for cooking delicious drinks and fragrant jam.

How to propagate blackberries

Blackberries can be propagated in several ways, but the most effective is summer propagation with green cuttings. In order for the cuttings to take root well, you need to prepare the pots. In August, blackberry lashes are cut to four buds. Each cutting should have three side shoots. The height of each cutting is from 30 cm to 40 cm. Prepared cuttings are planted in containers with earth. Sandy or sandy soil is well suited for growing blackberries, but bushes take root in any fertile soil. Blackberries respond well to top dressing.

The root system of the shrub will develop better if magnesium-containing fertilizers are added to the soil.

Seedling preparation

For propagation of blackberries, pots or plastic two-liter bottles, cut into two parts, are suitable. Drainage holes are made with an awl in bottles.

Use brown plastic bottles. In such bottles, blackberry roots will be more comfortable, since the containers dark color attract less heat from the sun.

The containers are filled with earth and cuttings are planted in them. Next, they dig a hole 5 cm deeper than the container with the handle and put the bottles in them. Pour 2 cm of water into each hole. This is done in order to stimulate the formation of roots. Then the pits are dug in, and the soil is well watered. After three weeks, the blackberry cuttings will take root. In bottles, a dense earthy lump is formed. Thanks to him, the seedling will perfectly transfer the transplant to a permanent place of growth.

After transplantation, the plants are well watered and fertilized, and the blackberry lashes are tied to the trellis. In the future, the blackberry bush will need to be looked after: pruning and mulching the plant.

It is necessary to cut off beards about 20 or 30 centimeters long from several bushes arranged in a row. After that, the shoots are sprinkled with soil and strengthened 10 centimeters into the ground. In this way, you can propagate blackberries only in late summer or early August.

cutting process

True, it is also necessary to take into account the characteristics of each region and its climate. In some places, the berry ripens much later than in the south.

If the shoots do not take root before winter, then the probability of their survival is significantly reduced, they simply freeze.

If everything turned out well, then the processes (already strong) are dug up and planted in another, away from the mother.

Reproduction by root offspring

In order to get wonderful material for planting blackberries in another place, you need to approach the issue of choice carefully. This method of propagation is suitable for upright plants, that is, not.

When choosing, you need to pay attention only to those bushes that grow apart, but at the same time give a good harvest.

Only in this way the variety will remain the same and retain everything in itself. best performance.

Offspring from blackberries should be taken in the spring, namely in the month of May, or deadline, At the beginning of June.

The length must be at least 10 centimeters. In the autumn period, this is impossible to do, since there will be no offspring. The plant will accumulate new forces to grow and maintain new ones.

Here are a few characteristics on the basis of which the offspring will be considered good and capable of surviving in extreme conditions for him.

Its width cannot be less than 8 millimeters (this is the width of the root system), and the root length is less than 20 centimeters. From such an offspring, a beautiful and constantly fruiting bush will grow.

Only one bush is able to give an amateur and a blackberry in general about 10 to 15 shoots.

Propagation by root cuttings

Another method that is quite popular is plant propagation using its own root system, which is taken from the mother bush.

To propagate blackberries from the root, you need to dig up the mother bush and cut the roots into cuttings about 10 centimeters long. It is best to take either a three-year-old or approximately biennial plant, which one root system more or less strengthened.

During harvesting, the cuttings themselves are stored in a dark and cool place. After planting, you need to constantly water the soil, remove weeds.

It is considered normal if only a month later or by the beginning of autumn, only a few seedlings take root and take root.

Highly interesting feature is that one good and massive one is capable of producing about 40 cuttings, each of which will be strong, fruitful and retain the best characteristics of the mother bush.

The division of the bush

This is very interesting method breeding, which is applied only when the blackberry (bush) has no offspring.

During the division, the strongest shoots are selected, the root system of which is developed compared to others.

True, in order for the plant to grow well, in no case should a bush be planted in a garden bed that is less than a year old.

A bush with old shoots does not need to be planted, because there will be no effect, and the only goal - to get the same berries as they were, will not be achieved.

Tissue culture method

This is the rarest method of plant propagation, because it is used only if it is no longer possible to resort to another.

The gardener chooses the healthiest bush that has never had any infections, otherwise this infection will not allow the plant to take root.