Transbaikal region region.

Diversity of inland waters of the Trans-Baikal Territory

Activity goal:

creating conditions for acquiring new knowledge on the topic “Reservoirs of our region” based on development technology critical thinking with a focus on concepts on the topic, the relationship of rivers with relief and climate.

Developmental goal:

development in students of cognitive interest, desire for independent search for knowledge;

nurturing love for one’s native land and respect for nature.

Educational goal:

nurturing love for the native land.

Lesson objectives:

consolidate skills in working with a map;

repeat the basic geographical terms in the “Hydrosphere” section;

create comfortable environment in class.

improve individual work in class.

Lesson progress

And I'll say with pride

native land:

“I love and know.

I know and love.

And I love you all the more

the deeper I know »

– Hello guys!

— What topic have you and I been studying for the last 2 months? (HYDROSPHERE)

Let's remember a few key terms on this topic.

Test – association

DETERMINE BY CONTOUR:

What lake or sea is this?

LET'S REMEMBER GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS ON THE TOPIC:

"HYDROSPHERE"

What's extra?

Students must find a group of words that combine something and an extra word.

1 Baltic Sea, Bering Sea, Mediterranean. (Beringovo M.)

2 Baikal, Volga, Issyk-Kul (Volga)

3 mouth, source, tributary, spring (spring)

4 low water, waterfall, flood, flood. (waterfall)

Channel 5, pond, lake, reservoir (lake)

6 Amazon, Atlas, Terek, Ganges (G. Atlas)

7 Sand, clay, gravel, pebbles (clay)

8 Ladoga, Red, Onega, Caspian (red sea)

– Every person has places that are especially dear, close and dear to his heart, where he was born, studied, began to work, and often lived his whole life. This is his native land. The name of our native land is Transbaikalia.

— Even G. Heine wrote: “Love and know your native land. Love for the Fatherland begins with love for the native land.”

About the Motherland

I probably won't be able to

Tell it in earthly language,

What is simple happiness

Don't dream about someone else's happiness

I don't care about wealth at all,

I am rich in love for the earth,

I say to my Motherland: “Hello,

Prosper, live, be young!” —

The region is taiga, steppe - Transbaikalia,

It is all different and full of miracles:

It’s a miracle to go out early in the fog

For gifts in the generous forest.

How mysteriously the dew falls

On mushrooms that ripened overnight,

And sneaks along the old clearings

A wisp of fog is a shaman of the taiga.

Is there somewhere on the outskirts of the earth

A land comparable to such beauty?

Sun, sky, forests and rivers,

Tender springs, riot of thunderstorms,

Everything is given to man.

In this land of bagul stars.

Elena Shumkina

Lilia Kraus

- What do you think will be discussed in class today? What topic?

— What problems do we have to solve in order to understand the topic?

Guys, today we are going on a trip along the rivers, lakes, swamps and mineral springs of our native land. During your trip, you will see how beautiful the nature of your native land is, including rivers with a smooth flow and not only powerful, beautiful waves. And you will also see how the waters change their beautiful lyrical appearance and give an SOS signal to all of us. At the end of the lesson we will answer the question: “What are the features of the waters of our native land?”

2. Working with maps of the Trans-Baikal Territory

— Name the representatives of the inland waters of Transbaikalia? (examples of rivers, lakes, mineral springs)

— What rivers flow only in the Transnistrian Territory? (Gazimur, Ingoda, Kalar, Nercha and Shilka.)

— Speech: Gazimur and Argun.

The main feature of Arguni-BORDER,

- We'll show you on the map.

- Lakes, miner. sources on the map.

— speech: Nichatka and Barun-Torey.

3. Working with text.

— What special place for the rivers of the Earth is there in Transbaikalia? — MOUNT PALLAS (WATER DIVIDING)

—What is its peculiarity? —The object of protection is a mountain with abs. elevation 1236 m, located on the ridge. Apple bass at the junction. pp. Amur, Lena, Yenisei. The boundaries of the monument run along the base of the V. g., framed by the valleys of pp. Kadala (flows into Lake Kenon), Gryaznukha (flows into Lake Arakhlei) and Khara-Kadala (flows into Lake Ivan). The uniqueness of the watershed point was first noted by the rural geography teacher T.U. Zhalsarain (1977): there are no other mountains on the planet that simultaneously belong to the Basin. three largest rivers(in this case, from among the twelve longest rivers in the world).

—Where on Earth is there such a place? — TIBET

— What are the feeding characteristics of our rivers?

4. Watching a video clip.

— What is the epic name for the Chicoy River area? – LIFE-GIVING THREAD OF BAIKAL.

— What is special about the Chikoy River? – BRINGS WATER TO BAIKAL.

— What tributaries do you know?

Tributaries on the left -

Lilia Kraus

5. Physical education minute

Paintings by Vladimir Forov and photographs of the inland waters of Transbaikalia.

How did this viewing make you feel?

6. Work in contour maps.

Objects:

Khilok

Chikoy

Ingoda

Onon

Shilka

Argun

Gazimur

Vitim

Chara

Kalar

Nercha

Nichatka

Barun-Torey

Zun-Torey

7. Lesson summary.

What are the features of the waters of your native land?

Of course, in the lesson so far you have received only the most basic information about native land, but there are still many secrets and mysteries that have not been discovered by you. You can find answers to all your questions in additional local history literature.

8. Homework.

Drawings on the topic “Inland waters of Transbaikalia”

Crosswords on the topic “Inland waters of Transbaikalia”

Essay – miniature on the topic: “The importance of water in nature and human life”

9. Reflection.

Exercise “Plus-minus-interesting” Edward de Bono

In the “P” - “plus” column, everything you liked during the lesson, information and forms of work that caused positive emotions, or in the student’s opinion may be useful to him in achieving some goals. In the “M” - “minus” column, everything that was not liked in the lesson, seemed boring, caused hostility, remained incomprehensible, or information that, in the student’s opinion, turned out to be unnecessary for him, useless from the point of view of solving life situations. In the “I” - “interesting” column, students write down all the interesting facts that they learned about in class and what else they would like to know about this problem, questions for the teacher.

P

Resources and security water resources Trans-Baikal Territory

On the territory of the region, the upper sources of the main water arteries Siberia, Far East And Central Asia. These are the sources of the Amur, Lena, and Yenisei. The world watershed between the Arctic and Arctic basins passes through the territory of the region. Pacific Oceans.

About 55% of the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory belongs to the Amur, 30.4% to the Lena and 13.3% to the Yenisei basins. The territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory accounts for the formation of about 7% of the runoff and about 5% of the river basin area. Lena, respectively, more than 7% and about 13% - Amur, and 27% and 13% - Selenga. Within the Amur basin there is a small closed drainage basin of the Torey Lakes. The drainless areas of the south of the region occupy 1.4% of the territory.

The river network is represented by more than 40,000 watercourses, about 98 - 99% of which are less than 25 km long.

54 rivers with a length from 100 to 500 km flow completely or partially through the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Within its borders there are 14 rivers, which are among the largest watercourses in Russia, the length of which is more than 500 km. Of these, only five rivers are entirely within the region: Gazimur, Ingoda, Kalar, Nercha and Shilka.

Most of the rivers belong to the river basin. Amur (> 20,000 watercourses), 40 of which are more than 100 km long. This basin contains seven rivers classified as large. The Lena basin accounts for about 12,000, and Lake Baikal - about 10,000 watercourses. About 100 watercourses of various lengths are located in the Uldza-Torey drainage region.

The average annual flow of rivers in the region is 65.4 km3, including the following basins: Amur - 29.0 km3, Lensky - 28.9 km3 and Yenisei - 7.5 km3. The number of lakes with a surface area of ​​more than 1 km2 is 3500, the volume of water in the lakes is 4160 million m3.

The rivers of the Trans-Baikal Territory are characterized by an extremely uneven distribution of flow within the year: 80-95% of the annual flow occurs in the warm part of the year, and in winter it is insignificant or absent due to freezing of watercourses. During the same period, reserves are also depleted. groundwater.

The hydrography of the region is characterized by the density of the river network on average 0.7-0.8 km/km2 and varies within significant limits - it increases in the direction from south to north and in the mountainous regions of the region. So, in the upper reaches of the river. In Chikoy it is 0.8-1.0 km/km2, and then decreases to 0.2 km/km2.

Rivers, and to a lesser extent lakes, determine the water content of the region. They account for more than 80% of renewable water resources. The location of the sources of three basins on the territory of the region predetermines relatively low water availability indicators compared to Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Water resources are characterized by a pronounced uneven distribution across the territory of the region and according to the seasons of the year. The least provided with local water resources are the northwestern, central, southern and southeastern regions, which at the same time are developed and populated. However, thanks to the transit flow, the southern and southeastern regions can be classified as moderately endowed with total water resources. In winter, many rivers freeze and there is no flow. In 2010, according to the data of the State Institution “Chita Central Hydrometeorology Center-RV” in winter period In 2010, the water content of most rivers in the Trans-Baikal Territory was near or below normal.

For water supply to cities, regional centers, and large industrial facilities, 71 groundwater deposits have been explored in the region, the operational reserves of which have been approved and amount to 1,523 thousand m3/day. The region is characterized by unsatisfactory replenishment of groundwater resources. Many types of water significantly reduce their flow in winter, especially supra-permafrost waters, which freeze over. 23 areas of contaminated groundwater have been discovered in the region, most of which are located in Chita. Sources of groundwater pollution are industrial and agricultural enterprises, as well as the influx of substandard natural waters.

Dynamics of the main indicators of water consumption and wastewater disposal in comparison with the previous year in the Trans-Baikal Territory and in the basins of the main surface waters ny objects

Comparative table of main indicators of water use in 2009 - 2010, million m3

B Water consumption (diagram in Fig. 2) million m³

Compared to 2009, water withdrawal in 2010 increased by 0.64 million m3 (0.2%). Basically, changes in water intake occurred at enterprises engaged in water use within the boundaries of the river basin. Amur.

Drinking quality water was taken from underground water supply sources in all basins in the department’s area of ​​responsibility:

For use for household and drinking needs - 54.23 million m3;

For production needs - 21.34 million m3.

The volume of withdrawal and use of drinking quality water from groundwater bodies decreased by 0.7 million m3 compared to 2009.

In 2010, 84.71 million m3 of groundwater was taken to drain mines and quarries, which is 8.65 million m3 (11.4%) more than in 2009. 13.1 million m3 were used for production needs mine and quarry waters, which is 0.4 million m3 (3.0%) higher than the level of 2009.

In the reporting year, 22 enterprises decreased water intake from groundwater bodies by 3.9 million m3, and an increase in underground water intake occurred at 27 enterprises in the amount of 12.5 million m3.

Water use, million m3

Comparative structure of water use by type of use.

As can be seen from the tables and diagrams, in 2010 the volume of water use decreased by 9.54 million m3 (3.6%) compared to the level of 2009. A decrease in volumes is noted in all areas of use except regular irrigation. At the same time, the use of water for production needs decreased by 11.15 million m3 (5.4%), the use of water for household and drinking purposes - by 0.23 million m3 (0.4%). Water use for regular irrigation increased by 2.26 million m3 (3850%). Water use decreased in the Amur basin by 3.7%, in the Baikal basin it increased by 2.8%, and in the Lena basin by 6.2%.

The main changes in water use occurred among water users operating within the Amur Basin. In the basins of Lake Baikal and the Lena River, there are insignificant changes in terms of water use for household needs.

Water consumption in circulating and recurrent water supply systems, million m3

Water consumption in circulating and recurrent water supply systems in the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2010 amounted to 817.16 million m3, which is 39.34 million m3 (4.6%) below the 2009 level. In the Amur River basin, the reduction in water consumption in circulating and recurrent water supply systems amounted to 37.54 million m3 (4.3%), in the Baikal basin - 2.75 million m3 (23.9%). In the Lena River basin, there is an increase in the consumption of circulating and re-consecutive water by 0.69 million m3 (30.4%).

Transportation losses, million m3

The share of water losses in the process of transporting water to the consumer in 2010 was 0.03 m3 per 100 m3 of water taken for use, or 3.1%.

Dynamics of water consumption in the Trans-Baikal Territory by industry, million m3/year

In 2009, enterprises of all industries took 332.83 million m3 of fresh water from water bodies of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Water intake in 2009 increased compared to 2008 by 0.4 million m3 or =0.4*100/332.43 0.12%.

Water disposal, million m3/year

Dynamics of water disposal in the Trans-Baikal Territory by industry, million m3/year

In 2009, 260.64 million m3 of wastewater was discharged into water bodies of the Trans-Baikal Territory, which is = 260.64-237.92 22.7 million m3 or = 22.7 * 100/237.92 9.5 % more than in 2008

In the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2009, the discharge of polluted water increased by =97.84-97.43 0.41 million m3 (=0.41*100/97.4 0.42% of the 2008 volume). At the same time, the volume of wastewater discharge insufficiently treated water increased by 4.02 million m3, and the discharge of contaminated wastewater without treatment decreased by 3.61 million m3.

Total along the edge:

B - discharge of normatively treated wastewater decreased by =18.83-16.46 2.37 million m3.

B - normative clean waters without treatment increased by =146.34-121.66 24.68 million m3.

B - the discharge of contaminated wastewater in 2009 generally increased compared to 2008 by =97.84-97.43 "0.0" 0.4 million m3, including:

The discharge of polluted waste without treatment increased by =62.22-58.6 3.62 million m3

The discharge of insufficiently treated waste decreased by =39.23-35.21 4.02 million m3

Power treatment facilities

The capacity of treatment facilities in 2008 was =70.78+3.65 74.43 million. m3/year, which is 0.06 million m3 more than in 2008. The difference in the total capacity of treatment facilities is associated with the construction of alluvial gold deposits at development sites more ponds - settling tanks, sufficient for mechanical purification of water used in sand washing.

Discharge of pollutants with wastewater into surface water bodies, table. 14

Changes in the mass of pollutant discharges for 2009, exceeding by 20% the same indicators for 2009, are noted in the discharges of organic substances according to BOD5, nitrates, nitrites, surfactants, iron, chromium, cadmium.

Features of the nature of the Trans-Baikal Territory

Transbaikal region is part of the Siberian Federal District and is one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

It occupies the eastern part of Transbaikalia and borders Buryatia in the west, the northwestern border goes with the Irkutsk region, the northeastern border passes with the Republic of Sakha, the Amur region is a neighbor in the east, the southeastern border goes with China and Mongolia.

The territory is located a considerable distance from the oceans - 1000 km from the Pacific Ocean, and 2000 km from the Arctic Ocean.

The formation of the relief of this mountainous area was greatly influenced by both endogenous and exogenous processes, so the main role belongs to medium-altitude mountains.

To exogenous, i.e. external processes include chemical and physical weathering, permafrost phenomena, and the activity of rivers and glaciers. Erosion and accumulative activity also play a big role in this.

Some areas of the region have a pronounced originality in the structure of the relief. The northern region of the region is part of the Stanovoy Upland, its territory is high mountain. The Kodar and Udokan ridges stand out here.

Between the Chikoya and Ingoda rivers there is a southwestern region, which is northern part Khentei-Chikoy highlands. The height of the mountains here reaches 2500 m, and the nature is unique.

North of Chikoy and Ingoda is the Central region, the mountains here rise to a height of 1500 m. The southeastern region is characterized by mid- and low-altitude mountain ranges in the extreme southeast of the territory. The formation of the relief of this area is greatly influenced by river activity and wind.

The region is located within a sharply continental climate, which is characterized by cold and long winters, short and hot summers. Due to the fact that the territory of the region extends from north to south, solar radiation arrives unevenly - in the north it is 90 kcal/sq. cm, and in the south 126 kcal/sq. cm.

In most of the region, the average January temperature is -25...-30 degrees. The average July temperature in the north is +13 degrees, and in the south +20 degrees. The maximum rises to +42 degrees.

Note 1

A special feature of the climate is the significant annual duration of sunshine, which is 2592 hours, while in Sochi this duration is 2154 hours.

Precipitation falls unevenly - in the southern steppe regions from 200-300 mm, in the mountain-taiga zone the amount increases to 450 mm, in the north of the region - 600 mm.

Geographical features and natural conditions contributed to the diversity of the plant world.

Three vegetation zones are clearly visible on the territory of the region:

1. mountain taiga zone;
2. forest-steppe zone;
3. steppe zone.

For steppe zone Grass plants are typical; wormwood, hairy gerbil, and three-cut chamaeroosa grow in the mountain-steppe zone.

Classic forest-steppe, represented by deciduous forests and meadow steppes, is rare here.

The Transbaikal forest-steppe is made up of pine, birch, and deciduous forests.

The rocky slopes are covered with shrubby steppes with plants such as large-fruited elm, meadowsweet, and cinquefoil.

In the taiga part there are southern and middle taiga. In the southern taiga there are grass, grass-shrub, pine-larch and pine forests.

Typical for the middle taiga are mossy larch forests, and the undergrowth is represented by birch trees. Also found are dwarf birch, alder, and dwarf cedar. Lichens, cladonium and cetraria plant species are common in the high-mountain tundra. There are arctous, cassiopia, lingonberry. Marsh plants are represented by reeds, manna, reeds, hedgehogs, and chastukha.

The diverse fauna is home to representatives of different natural areas.

Natural resources of the region

The mineral resource base is presented various types minerals. Industrial reserves of a large group of resources have been explored here.

In the depths of the region there are reserves of iron ore, concentrated in the complex ores of the Chineiki deposit - these are the main reserves of iron.

The Udokan copper deposit is one of the largest in the world. Copper reserves here account for 20% of Russian reserves.

Lead and zinc reserves are concentrated in the Argun region. About 500 deposits and occurrences of lead and zinc are located in the area of ​​the uranium-gold polymetallic belt.

Molybdenum deposits are represented in the Bugdainskoye and Zhirekenskoye deposits. Antimony and gold from the Ithakinskoye deposit, Orlovskoye lithium and tantalum deposit.

The region contains the largest uranium reserves - Argunskoye, Streltsovskoye, Yubileynoye, Novogodneye, Antey and other deposits. The region is the largest uranium-bearing province in Russia.

There are reserves in the north, west and southeast coal. There is brown coal - Urtuyskoye, Kharanorskoye, Chernovskoye deposits. General reserves 9 deposits of hard coal amount to 2040.3 million tons, forecast – 1762.0 million tons. The total reserves of brown coal are 2.24 billion tons.

There are reserves of zeolites in the south of Transbaikalia, a complex raw material of synnyrites for the production of aluminum. The Larginskoye magnesite deposit is one of the largest in the country.

More than 1,000 small gold deposits have been discovered, 23 silver deposits have been explored - Udokanskoye, Bugdainskoye, Novo-Shirokinskoye, etc.

The internal waters of the region belong to the Amur basin, lake. Baikal, Lena. There is a drainage region - Uldza-Toreyskaya.

Note 2

Transbaikalia is the Central Asian global watershed of the Arctic and Pacific oceans.

The hydropower potential of the Trans-Baikal Territory is significant, but practically not realized. There are about 15 thousand lakes, including large ones - Zun-Torey, Barun-Torey, and two large reservoirs.

There are resorts based on 7 mineral springs, of which there are about 300 known. The composition of water from mineral springs is varied - thermal-radon, magnesium-potassium, ferrous-hydrocarbonate, cold-carbon dioxide.

Different regions are characterized by their own soils - soddy forest non-podzolized soils were formed in the southern taiga, mountain-taiga podzolized soils are common in the middle taiga, chernozems and chestnut soils are characteristic of the steppes, and meadow-permafrost and meadow-chernozem soils are typical in the intermountain basins. In general, mountain taiga podzolic soils are predominant in the region.

Wood reserves are abundant and forests cover about 70% of the territory, but are unevenly distributed. In the south of the region, forest cover is 5-10%, in the southwest and north – 90%. Light coniferous taiga dominates. Total area forest fund – 33383.8 thousand hectares.

Specially protected areas of the Trans-Baikal Territory

At the beginning of 2008, there were 95 specially protected natural areas of federal and regional significance in the Trans-Baikal Territory.

These included 2 reserves, 1 national park, 17 reserves, 65 natural monuments, 10 health resorts and resorts.

Daursky and Sukhondinsky state reserves have international environmental status. They are biosphere reserves of the MAB Program - “Man and the Biosphere” of UNESCO.

The Daursky Natural Biosphere Reserve is located in the area of ​​lakes Barun-Torey and Zun-Torey. Main task reserve to restore and preserve in their natural state the steppe, lake, and swamp complexes of southeastern Transbaikalia.

The Sukhondinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve is located in the elevated part of the Khentei-Chikoy Highlands. The goal of the reserve is to preserve the undisturbed ecosystems of the taiga Transbaikalia. Within this reserve, at an altitude of 2500 m, lies the Sokhondo char, a former tertiary extinct volcano considered sacred by the indigenous population.

Next biosphere reserve and wildlife sanctuary federal significance“Tsasucheisky Bor” is part of the international Russian-Mongolian-Chinese reserve “Dauria”.

In general, the creation of specially protected natural areas within the Trans-Baikal Territory has a positive trend and their creation has a common goal - not only to preserve and restore natural complexes, but also to maintain the ecological balance of the region in its natural state.

Most of the water bodies of the Trans-Baikal Territory belong to the basins of the Yenisei, Lena and Amur rivers, and in the south - to the internal drainage basin. There are 44,310 rivers flowing through the region, with a length of over 88,420 km, and there are about 1,500 lakes and artificial reservoirs.

Water in Chita

Water supply to the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory is carried out through the use of groundwater resources. And unfortunately the quality drinking water leaves much to be desired.

Today, only 60% of city residents drink relatively good quality water. More than half of the water samples do not meet sanitary and chemical standards. And every year the situation is getting worse due to the severe deterioration of water pipes.

Water in the Trans-Baikal Territory

More than 70% of the region’s water bodies are characterized as polluted or very polluted, and the rivers Chernaya, Cherny Uryum and Ungo are slightly polluted.

15.6% of wastewater discharged into surface waters is untreated or insufficiently treated. Officially, there are 66 enterprises operating in the Trans-Baikal Territory that discharge wastewater. Of these, 27 lack cleaning equipment. The maximum anthropogenic load falls on the rivers belonging to the Amur basin. The water contains a high content of copper, zinc, manganese, nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphates.

It is typical for water from underground sources increased content iron, manganese and general hardness.

Many areas near drinking sources do not have the status of sanitary protection zones. Because of this it is impossible to regulate economic activity in such places, and, as a result, water pollution occurs.

85% of residents of the Trans-Baikal Territory are provided with quality water for drinking needs. Of these, 62.1% have centralized water supply, 33.9% have decentralized water supply, and 3.97% use imported water.

383 sources are monitored in the region centralized water supply. Up to 90% of drinking needs are met through the exploitation of underground sources. Water intake from surface waters is carried out on the Onon, Shilka, Argun, Amazar rivers and on the Zharchinsky reservoir.

According to data for 2015, 8.09% of water samples from centralized water supply sources did not satisfy sanitary standards. Among them from surface sources – 50%. According to microbiological indicators, 1.6% of samples were not satisfactory.

The most unsatisfactory results of the study of samples in terms of chemical indicators are observed in the Kalarsky, Karymsky, Shelopuginsky, Nerchinsky, Chita, Krasnokamensky, Uletovsky and Olovyannisky districts and the city of Chita. Of these, the regional center, Chita, is the leader in exceeding the regional average for iron and turbidity. In addition, 14% of this city's water supply systems do not comply sanitary standards. The situation was worse only in the Sretensky district, where non-compliance was detected in 33% of cases.

The global watershed between the basins of the Arctic and Pacific oceans passes through the territory of the region. Here the waters of three large water systems of Siberia and the Far East originate and are largely formed: the Amur basin, the Lena basin and the Baikal-Yenisei basin. The region accounts for the formation of more than 7% of the flow of the Lena basin and more than 5% of its catchment area; respectively, more than 7% and about 13% - Amur; about 18% and 10% - Baikal.

The main rivers are Shilka and Argun (the sources of the Amur at the exit from the region), Khilok, Chikoy, Olekma, Vitim, Onon. Rivers, and to a lesser extent lakes, determine the water content of the region. They account for more than 80% of renewable water resources. The location of the sources of three basins on the territory of the region predetermines relatively low water availability indicators. Water resources are characterized by a pronounced uneven distribution across the territory of the region and according to the seasons of the year. The least provided with local water resources are the northwestern, central, southern and southeastern regions, which at the same time are developed and populated. In winter, many rivers freeze and there is no flow. During this period, the formation of ice deposits is typical.

Lakes are few in number and do not play a significant role either in the structure of the hydrographic network or in the formation of the flow of most of the territory. Their role is noticeable only in the south - lakes accumulate a noticeable part of the local runoff here. Large lakes edges: Bolshoye Leprindo, Leprindokan, Nichatka, low-mineralized Zun-Torey and Barun-Torey, a group of Chita lakes, Kenon.

For water supply to cities, regional centers, and large industrial facilities, 71 groundwater deposits have been explored in the region, the operational reserves of which have been approved. There is unsatisfactory replenishment of groundwater resources. Many types of water significantly reduce their flow in winter.

The World Watershed between the Artic and Pacific Oceans Basins passes through the territory of the Trans-Baikal Region. Here is the place where the three large Siberian and Far Eastern water systems germinate and form: the Amur Basin, The Lena Basin and Baikal-Eniseysky Basin. Here more than 7% of the Lena Basin flow and 5% of its catchment area is formed; respectively more than 7% of flow and nearly 13% - The Amur Basin; nearly 18% and 10% - the Baikal Basin.

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