Six varieties of mustard salad and their properties. Mustard and its properties used in cooking and cosmetology

Leafy mustard belongs to the cruciferous family. Its homeland is India and China. Mustard leaf is widely used in China, Japan, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia.

This plant is annual, early ripening and resistant to cold. Over the course of a month, leaf mustard develops large leaves with original colors. Flowers yellow color, small, form a spike-shaped inflorescence, and the fruit is in the form of a pod.

It is very rare to find leafy mustard grown in room conditions. But she has very beautiful view, so it will look very attractive in the house, in addition to this mustard is good source vitamins.

nutritional value

This beautiful and useful plant contains a lot of a large number of vitamins and nutrients. Among them are copper, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, potassium, proteins, iron, calcium, vitamins B6, A, C, E, K. Cholesterol is not present in the plant, and there are no saturated fats either.

The product is non-caloric, about 25-30 calories per 100 grams. With all this, leaf mustard has a lot of fiber, so it is a very useful dietary product.

Useful properties of mustard leaf for health

• Anti-inflammatory action. Thanks to vitamin K, which is found in large quantities in fresh mustard leaves, mustard has anti-inflammatory properties. Mustard also has an anti-inflammatory effect due to the content of glucosinolates in it - gluconasturtin and sinigrin, omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid.
• To improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system. If a person has any problems with the work of the cardiovascular system, then he is recommended to include mustard in his daily diet. Mustard greens can have a very surprising and positive effect. Mustard contains folic acid and glucosinolates. And if you use mustard regularly, then the condition of the heart and blood vessels improves, cholesterol levels decrease. Mustard contains a very large amount of folic acid; in terms of folic acid content, mustard loses only in turnips. Mustard leaf contains 500 micrograms of folic acid (per 100 calories).
• Protection against cancer. Such a dangerous disease as cancer can be prevented through the regular use of mustard leaf. Many vegetables and fruits contain large amounts of antioxidants that have antitumor activity, but only mustard leaf differs in that when it is used, all these substances act in a complex way. It contains various vitamins, but besides them there are also such important phytonutrients for the body - kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, hydroxycinnamic acids.

The leaves of this plant are very fragrant and pungent, they complement vegetable salads with beans, corn and other greens very well. In America, they prefer to use mustard leaf along with steaks. In Italy they cook pasta with delicious salads.

Harm from eating mustard leaf

Mustard contains substances such as oxalates. This substance is very harmful to people who have problems with the functioning of the kidneys and with the functioning of the gallbladder. In addition, oxalates interfere with the normal absorption of calcium.

If a person is healthy, then the use of leaf mustard does not cause any side effects.

Vendanny - Dec 15th, 2015

Mustard has long earned a respectful attitude on the part of mankind. She became one of the most worthy seasonings in the vast sea of ​​spices. The long range of vitamins and useful components contained in it increases appetite and actively helps digestive system digest fatty foods.

In history, the mention of mustard dates back to 3000 BC and it happened in India, in whose cuisine mustard seeds were already used then. But one of the first popular recipes today dates back to the 40s of our era. In the 9th century, the production of mustard in France became very popular. To put it in a modern way, it was one of the main "businesses", bringing good income. In those days, mustard was sold by weight and became more and more popular in kitchens.

Mustard includes some types of annual herbaceous plants of the cruciferous family. Most often, only seeds are used, which are ground into powder and mixed with water and other spices.

As mentioned above, mustard contains a number of vitamin A groups (prevents visual impairment, fights dermatological problems), B (positively affects work nervous system, soothes, improves mood), D (strengthens bone tissue) and E (preserves youth, helps smooth wrinkles, fights ailments in the cardiovascular system), contains components such as Fe (iron), K (potassium) and P (phosphorus).

When mustard powder comes into contact with water, a light yellow slurry with a spicy taste and pungent odor is formed. And mustard essential oil, which is contained in seeds up to 47%, is widely used in cooking for canning.

Due to its composition, mustard has found wide application in cooking. It is used as a seasoning and flavoring for hot and cold dishes, especially for sausages and fatty meat. It successfully extends the shelf life of products. It is used as one of the important ingredients in spicy sauces and dressings. Mustard blends perfectly with honey and acts as an excellent emulsifier, it prevents the release of juice and gives a deep flavor. Therefore, before baking, it covers both meat and fish dishes. If you want to get juicy meat - add mustard, even a small amount will have a positive effect on the frying process, if you want to make the salad more vitamin - add young mustard leaves.

Consider the benefits and harms of mustard for the human body and its use in traditional medicine.

The effect of mustard on the body is such that they awaken protective properties organism. With a cold, this is the number one help, it is used both internally and externally. With absence high temperature soar legs in mustard powder or apply mustard plasters to the chest. Thus, the condition is relieved with a strong cough and other unpleasant symptoms of a cold. When doing such procedures, it is important to be careful - excessive use of mustard lotions can lead to burns. In addition, mustard oil reduces the risk of oncology and cardiovascular diseases.

Perhaps one of the most important virtues of mustard is its aid to the stomach. Every fatty meat dish, especially fried meat, should be taken with mustard. She remarkably "settles" problems with any meat. With her, the most hearty dinner will never become a “night” problem.

But, like others useful plants, mustard has contraindications. It is categorically contraindicated in ulcers and gastritis. You should not worsen stomach problems, you just need to abandon its internal use. Also, the use of mustard is not advisable before bedtime ( internal application), because it acts as a stimulant and can contribute to insomnia.

In a word, the main thing to remember is that everything needs a measure. If you follow this rule, then the benefit will never turn into harm.

The composition of mustard gives it the opportunity to take its rightful place among the so-called "home cosmetics". Today, a wide variety of expensive store creams filled our house and cosmetic bags, and the properties of mustard, suitable for use in cosmetology, have undeservedly faded into the background. But in vain, because mustard is affordable and can easily help you achieve great results in the fight for perfect skin and a slender figure. Contained in mustard fatty acid, favorably affect the metabolism, which helps with the loss of extra pounds. It has rejuvenating properties. Her fans have long been convinced that mustard improves skin color, eliminates oily sheen, and helps in the fight against cellulite.

With mustard, as with every drug, a test should be done before use to detect allergic reactions. Having hammered the mustard mask, it is necessary to apply a small amount of it on the inner (tender part) side of the hand and wait a couple of minutes. Allergy is not revealed - feel free to proceed to the procedures. Let's consider some of them.

1. The most common way to put your face in order.

For a mustard mask you will need:

1 teaspoon mustard powder;

1 tablespoon of water;

2 tablespoons olive oil (warm up slightly).

Dissolve all components. Apply to the face, avoiding the area around the eyes and lips. Leave on for 5 minutes and wash off warm water. Repeat the procedure weekly: 1 mask per week, but no more than 10 masks in a row.

2. Lightly lubricate the cleansed skin of the face olive oil. Dilute a tablespoon of the powder in a glass of water, apply to a cotton towel and place on the face. Place an additional terry towel on top to create a "bath" effect. Withstand 5 minutes. Wash off with warm water.

3. When fighting cellulite, you should also turn to mustard for help. Wraps with its use are a huge success.

We combine mustard powder with honey in a ratio of 2: 3. Apply to problem areas and carefully massage with a massager. If there is none, then just by hand. We put cling film or cellophane and wrap ourselves in a warm blanket. After half an hour we accept warm shower. Wraps should be done no more than every 1-3 days for a month.

ATTENTION: such a wrap is contraindicated for people suffering from varicose veins!

We conclude the video post from which you will learn why mustard is called the flower of happiness and health.

And in this video, information about the beneficial properties of leaf mustard, which we did not write about in the article.

The benefits and harms of mustard leaf

We are all used to referring to mustard as a brown mass known for its spicy taste. But, some of us are also aware of mustard leaf, which is a very useful product. So, it has large leaves, the edges of which have a jagged surface, and the taste of these leaves is very warm and fragrant, naturally, with a sharp aftertaste. More interestingly, leafy mustard can and should be consumed in fresh along with salads, adding to other dishes and so on.

Leafy mustard has many health benefits and medicinal uses which you will read about in this article. You will also find out what the harm and danger of this product may be.

Nutritional properties and calorie content of mustard leaf

So, surprisingly, a leafy vegetable has components that are unusual for it. So, mustard greens contain proteins, which, as a rule, are absent in greens. In addition, mustard contains many vitamins, in particular, vitamins A and E, vitamin C and vitamin K, vitamins of group B - B6 and B9. On this, the useful composition of the product does not end there, because the mustard contains useful minerals, such as:

- well iron and phosphorus;

- to alcium and copper;

- m argan and potassium;

- c Inc. and more than 37 trace elements.

As for the calorie content, then, alas, it is low - only 26 calories per 100 grams of the product. However, given that leafy mustard contains a large amount of fiber, it is an excellent dietary product.

Useful properties of leaf mustard

Leaf mustard is credited with a large number of useful properties. Some of them are fiction, while others are true. Let's look at the properties that leaf mustard has 100%, so as not to mislead you.

Well, the first undeniable property of mustard leaf is the protection of the cardiovascular system as a whole. People suffering from cardiovascular diseases should not only pay attention to mustard leaf, but also make a whole schedule for using this product. So, it will reduce the risk of diseases, sharp or protracted, reduce the activity of chronic heart disease. Interestingly, mustard leaf helps to get rid of strokes, and in some cases, save the elderly from heart attacks. Also, mustard helps lower blood cholesterol levels, and this is also important in the prevention or treatment of such ailments. And all this is due to the presence of unique substances in the mustard leaf, in large quantities, namely, folic acid. Mustard is one of greatest sources of this substance, while yielding first place only to turnips.

Leafy mustard also has, as funny as it may seem, an anti-inflammatory effect. So, fresh leaves of the product contain vitamin K, fatty amino acids and omega-3, which, due to their properties, significantly reduce inflammation of cells and tissues, respectively, of organs and skin surface.

One of the key beneficial properties of mustard leaf is considered effective fight with oncological diseases. The vegetable acts as a protective agent, helping to rid the body of spontaneous inflammation and the action of malignant cells. Antioxidants included in the product have antitumor properties, and it is in leafy mustard that these antioxidants have a 23% effect more than any other vegetable or fruit (along with Brussels sprouts). Among other things, leaf mustard is used to fight cancer, not only in its pure, fresh form, but also, it is part of medicines used in oncology. Therefore, often the composition of expensive drugs includes precisely enzymes from the mustard leaf.

In addition, leaf mustard has a significant effect on the outer surface of the skin and human organs - it promotes rejuvenation, helps with pain in the joints and bones, reduces body fatigue and increases reaction time.

Harmful properties of leaf mustard

Unfortunately, leafy mustard does not always have a positive effect on the digestive organs. It can cause inflammation and heaviness in the stomach, increase the concentration of salt in the urinary organs. Also, it does not always have the best effect on the functioning of the gallbladder. Therefore, if there are any problems with these organs, it is necessary to significantly reduce or completely stop the use of mustard leaf.

In addition, it can cause allergic reactions, so if you do not know the behavior of your body to the end, consult your doctor about how to use mustard leaf correctly and whether it is worth it.

More about useful products:

The mustard plant contains a large amount useful substances and it is considered medicinal. It is used for the treatment and prevention various diseases. This seasoning is actively used in cooking. It is irreplaceable in Asia, Europe, America.

Mustard is a nutritious food. 100 g contains more than 500 kcal. There are substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber. The composition contains folic and pantothenic acid, niacin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, thiamine, as well as vitamins C, A, E, K. Of the micro and macro elements, there is sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and selenium.

Description and types

Mustard belongs to the cabbage family. Outwardly, it looks like a weed grass colza. Is an annual herbaceous plant. Root has rod view. It can go deep into the ground by 2-3 m. The stem is erect and branched. The leaves below are pinnately incised. They are quite large, completely green. The top greens are short-leaved. The shape of the plates is the same as the lower ones. They have a bluish tint.

Inflorescences are collected together and are located at the top of the trunk and branches. The fruit is a thin cylindrical pod. It has the shape of an awl. It grows in length from 0.7 to 1.2 cm. On the valves, the veins are intertwined. Seeds are represented by small balls up to 1 mm in diameter. They have brownish-red, black-gray and sometimes yellow tint. The culture blooms in May. Seeds ripen in June. Mustard is an excellent honey plant.

There are 3 main types of such culture:

1. 1. Black. It is also called French. The cultivation of this variety is carried out in France and Italy. The seeds have a mild flavor. The famous table mustard is prepared from them. An example is ravigote sauce and Dijon mustard.
2. 2. Gray. She is also known as Sarepetskaya. It is grown in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia. It tastes like black. Sold in the form of flour. The lighter it is, the better the quality. Popular varieties of this variety of mustard are Mustang, Zelenolistnaya, Dawn, Charming, Vigorous, Sadko, Freckle, Donskaya 5, Slavyanka, Aregoto, Yubileinaya.
3. 3. White. Also called English. In this variety, the aroma is completely absent, so that when preparing various dishes, it is supplemented with other seasonings. Usually it is not eaten, but used to make mustard oil. Popular plant varieties are Carolina, Standard, Talisman, Zeeland.

Separately, breeders created salad varieties of mustard. Their foliage is more delicate in taste and texture. The greenery is growing fast. It is used to prepare salads and side dishes. Only young leaves are used. Some varieties have a thick root, which can also be eaten. The plant reaches a height of 30-60 cm. The most popular salad varieties mustards are Krasnolistnaya, Ant and Volnushka.

Useful properties and contraindications

Beneficial features mustard are that it:

1. 1. Helps with malignant neoplasms. In particular, this applies to cancer of the cervix, breast, colon and bladder. Anti-cancer properties are associated with the presence of phytonutrients in the composition, which inhibit the development of malignant cellular structures.
2. 2. Treats psoriasis. Scientists have proven the ability of seeds to influence the synthesis of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, which affect the development of autoimmune disorders in a chronic form. When using mustard for psoriasis, a therapeutic effect has been confirmed.
3. 3. Used to treat contact type dermatitis. Seed extract accelerates the regeneration process and eliminates puffiness, which is associated with irritation of the skin as a result of exposure to chemical and toxic substances.
4. 4. It is used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Mustard oil contains fatty acids, including Omega-3. It prevents myocardial infarction. If you use such a product, then the likelihood of disruption of the rhythm of the heart muscle decreases. Also, mustard-based products can eliminate pain in this area.
5. 5. Suitable for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system. Seeds have a warming effect, which is very beneficial for human health. That is why the plant is used for baths and mustard plasters in the treatment of bronchitis, coughs and other things. You can make compresses from mustard oil and camphor. They improve blood flow, suppress asthma attacks, and clear mucus from the respiratory tract. Mustard extract can be used as a gargle to relieve swelling in sore throats.
6. 6. Eliminates pain and spasms. It is recommended to make applications with mustard oil, as they have an analgesic effect. They can be used for muscle pathologies such as paralysis of the limbs and rheumatism.
7. 7. Helps with poisoning. If the body suffers from intoxication, which is caused by the use of alcoholic beverages or other narcotic substances, then it is recommended to drink a decoction of mustard. This remedy quickly removes toxins and eliminates the symptoms of poisoning.
8. 8. Promotes hair growth. Mustard oil is a strong stimulant for these processes. In addition, the product contains a large amount of a vitamin that will nourish the hair, so that the strands will look much better.
9. 9. Improves the condition of the skin. Seeds are used to make a paste, which is used in cosmetology to treat acne. A similar composition eliminates ringworm. To cleanse the skin of the face, you can use a mustard seed scrub.
10. 10. Helps with diabetes. It has antioxidant properties, reduces the level of glucose concentration in the blood, thereby preventing lipid oxidation. It also helps stimulate metabolic processes in the human body.
11. 11. Favorably affects the health of the reproductive system of men and women, as it improves the state of the hormonal background.
12. 12. Maintains bone health, as it contains a large amount of calcium and magnesium. Reduces the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.
13. 13. Reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. Substances from the plant extract bind bile acids, which consist of cholesterol, and contribute to their excretion. Due to this, the product cleanses the blood vessels from plaques, prevents the formation of blood clots, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
14. 14. Slows down the aging process. This is due to the antioxidant properties of the plant, which are due to the presence of folic acid, vitamin A, flavonoids, carotene, lutein.

Despite the great benefits for the body from a plant such as mustard, it is necessary to remember about contraindications. These include pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, and renal pathologies. It is necessary to be careful for people who have heart problems, stomach ulcers, enterocolitis in a chronic form. The plant can harm people who have an individual poor tolerance to such a product. In this case, an allergic reaction develops. In addition, it must be remembered that with prolonged contact with mustard plasters, irritation appears on the skin, so it is always worth monitoring the time of the procedure.

Application in traditional medicine

In folk medicine, there are many recipes with mustard. They help in the treatment of various pathologies:

1. 1. With a cold. It is recommended to pour mustard powder into woolen socks and put them on your feet. In this case, it is necessary to drink plenty of water or other warm drinks (a decoction with raspberries, linden inflorescences, blackcurrant leaves is suitable).
2. 2. For pain in the feet and knees. You need to compress. You will need 1 tbsp. l. table salt, soda, vinegar and mustard powder. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly and apply the gruel to the sore spot. After 2-3 days the problem will disappear.
3. 3. With hiccups. It is necessary to prepare the slurry by mixing a small amount of vinegar and mustard powder. Apply the resulting product to a third of the tongue. The sensations will be unpleasant, but after a few minutes the hiccups will disappear. The slurry will need to be washed off and rinsed out in the mouth.
4. 4. With pneumonia and bronchitis in a chronic form. It is required to prepare a medical compress. You will need to take 1 tsp. mustard powder, medium-sized onion (grind it on a grater), 1 tbsp. l. honey, sunflower oil, goat fat and alcohol. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly to get a homogeneous thick mass. It needs to be lubricated wax paper, and then attach everything to the place on the body in the lung area. This warming compress is recommended to be left on all night. Unlike mustard plasters, it has a more gentle effect, so that a strong burning sensation will not appear.
5. 5. When coughing. It is recommended to prepare a compress cake from 3 tbsp. l. wheat bran. Add 1 tsp to them. sunflower oil, vodka, honey and mustard powder. Knead everything, adding a small amount warm water. The skin must first be covered with a cloth, and then the resulting cake should be laid out. For children, you can make another compress. Mix 1 tbsp. l. honey and mustard powder, and then add 2 tbsp. l. boiled mashed potatoes.
6. 6. With hemorrhoids. Steam baths are recommended. You need to take 4 tbsp. l. mustard powder in 3 liters of boiling water. Pour the liquid into a bucket and sit on it, wrapping lower part body with a blanket. The procedure should last no more than 5-10 minutes.

Lettuce leaf mustard is a cold-resistant plant, ripening quickly, ready for use in 4-5 weeks. Grown in an annual culture. The leaves are strongly dissected, with wavy edges, very rich in vitamins, mineral salts of calcium, iron, trace elements. Try it in a salad or use it when preserving vegetables (cucumbers or tomatoes) and appreciate the delicate flavor of horseradish, mustard. The presence of mustard oil gives a slight sharpness.

Varieties

Salad - 54 most best grade, there is a very elegant variety Krasnolistnaya. For greenhouses, the Muravushka variety is sown, for open ground - Ladushka.

Salad mustard "VOLNUSHKA" early ripe variety, harvest after 30 days, cold hardy, with rapid growth leaves.

cultivation

Growing this crop is very simple, as it is unpretentious, although not very common among vegetable growers.

For the cultivation of leaf mustard, any fertile soils. For this, they dig up the bed, add humus up to 3 kg per 1 m 2, dig it up again and level it. Then watered with a solution liquid fertilizer Ideal 1st. spoon on a bucket of water. Ratio: 2-3 liters for every 1m 2 .

Mustard seeds do not need special pre-sowing preparation, they are sown in a greenhouse or in open field under cover material. Grooves are made with a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm and a distance between rows of 20 to 25 cm.

Sowing seeds is carried out in several terms -

In hot weather, leaf mustard is not sown, as the plant shoots.

Seedlings appear after 3-4 days at temperatures up to +20 degrees, this is the most optimal temperature for its growth. When shoots appear, thickened plants must be thinned out, leaving 3-4 cm between them. At the same time, they should be fed: for this, 1 teaspoon of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water, and watered at the rate of 3 liters per 1 m 2.

When the mustard leaves grow up to 10-12 cm, then they start harvesting. look after leafy mustard simple: loosen the aisles and water as needed. Watering: given that the roots of this plant are superficial, and the mustard itself is moisture-loving, therefore, it is necessary to monitor and water at least 2 times a week, in dry times it is possible more often, since the lack of moisture will immediately affect the quality of the leaves, they will be rough and tasteless, and the plant itself will immediately go to the arrow.

Salad mustard can be used as a sealant.

Fresh leaves and young rosettes are consumed before shoots appear. Raw - in salads with sour cream or vegetable oil, boiled or stewed - as a side dish for fish and meat dishes. Cooked mustard sandwiches are very tasty.