Vitamin B5 in what preparations. Pantothenic acid: what is it, instructions for use and composition

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) was discovered in 1933 by scientist Roger Williams.

Pantothenic acid gets its name from the Greek word pantothene, which means "everywhere", due to its extremely wide distribution in the tissues of plants, animals and microorganisms.

Vitamin B5 is a water-soluble vitamin, the main role of which is participation in the process of energy production by the cell.

Pantothenic acid, entering the body, turns into pantethine, which is part of coenzyme A, which plays an important role in the processes of oxidation and acetylation (calorificator). Coenzyme A is one of the few substances in the body involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Vitamin B5 is necessary for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, the synthesis of vital fatty acids, cholesterol, histamine, acetylcholine, and hemoglobin.

Physico-chemical properties of vitamin B5

Also, vitamin B5, like other vitamins of this group, is produced in significant quantities in the body by Escherichia coli.

Daily requirement for vitamin B5

The recommended daily requirement for vitamin B5 is 4-7 mg. The need increases with heavy physical exertion, as well as in lactating women (up to 8 mg per day). Vitamin B5 has shown its effectiveness in large doses (up to 10 g per day) in the treatment of acne (acne).

Daily intake of vitamin B5 for children:

• From 0 to 6 months - 2 mg;
• From 6 months to 1 year - 3 mg;
• From 1 year to 3 years - 3-4 mg;
• From 7 to 10 years - 4-5 mg.

The most important property of vitamin B5 is its ability to stimulate the production of adrenal hormones - glucocorticoids, which makes it a powerful tool for the treatment of diseases such as arthritis, colitis, allergies and heart disease.

It plays an important role in the formation of antibodies that help strengthen the immune system, promotes the absorption of other vitamins, and also takes part in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (calorizator).

Normalizes oxidative and reduction processes, ensures normal brain activity. Also, this miracle vitamin slows down aging and prolongs life.

Calcium pantothenate is used in the complex therapy of withdrawal symptoms in patients with alcoholism.

Vitamin B5 is widely used for medicinal purposes. As a drug, it is used in the recovery of the body after surgery, in the treatment of eczema, burns, bronchial asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, disorders of the circulatory system, diseases of the liver, stomach, and intestines.

The harmful properties of vitamin B5

Symptoms of intoxication of the body were not identified. Vitamin B5 is completely safe and non-toxic.

Vitamin B5 absorption

Vitamin B5 is absorbed in the small intestine. The absorption mechanism is active transport. Vitamin B5, getting into the blood, is partially captured by red blood cells and transformed into coenzyme A, the rest circulates in a free state. Vitamin is distributed to all tissues, where it is also used for the synthesis of coenzyme A. Its excretion is carried out mainly through the kidneys.

Vitamin deficiency can be caused by a low content of proteins, fats, vitamins in food, diseases of the small intestine with malabsorption syndrome, as well as long-term use of many antibiotics and sulfonamides.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis:

• fatigue;
• depression;
• sleep disorder;
• increased fatigue;
• headaches;
• nausea;
• muscle pain;
• burning, tingling, numbness of the toes;
• burning, excruciating pains in the lower extremities, mostly at night;
• redness of the skin of the feet;
• dyspeptic disorders;
• duodenal ulcers.

With pantothene deficiency, the body's resistance to infection decreases, and acute respiratory diseases often occur.

Too much vitamin B5 in the body

An overdose of vitamin B5 is observed in rare cases, with increased individual intolerance to pantothenic acid. It does not pose a health hazard even in large quantities, as it is well tolerated and absorbed in the body (kalorizator). Overdose symptoms are expressed by an unpleasant burning sensation in the stomach.

One capsule contains:

Vitamin B-5 (pantothenic acid) known as the “anti-stress vitamin”, plays an important role in the production of adrenal hormones and the formation of antibodies, promotes the absorption of vitamins and is involved in the processes of energy formation from proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Pantothenic acid gets its name from the Greek word pantothene, which means "everywhere", due to its extremely wide distribution. Pantothenic acid, entering the body, turns into pantethine, which is part of coenzyme A, which plays an important role in the processes of oxidation and acetylation. In animal and plant cells, pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme A (KoA), which is involved in the most important metabolic reactions. Coenzyme A is one of the few substances in the body involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Anti-inflammatory action of pantothenic acid due to its metabolic functions in the adrenal cortex, where this vitamin is involved in the production of corticoids. They help a person overcome stressful situations and at the same time fight inflammatory processes throughout the body. Since the adrenal cortex is the most efficient of all our glands, it can only produce hormones for six hours a day, and rest the rest of the time, it needs large reserves of pantothenic acid in order to successfully fight stress and inflammation. Due to the fact that corticoids more than any other compounds contribute to the consumption of fat reserves, Pantothenic acid indirectly helps to maintain or restore a slim figure. In general, pantothenic acid can be called a vitamin and an architect of a slim figure. Vitamin B-5 plays the role of a trigger spring in the synthesis of tissues, especially skin and mucous membranes. Thus, it protects the mucous membranes from infections. Even hair growth and pigmentation, that is, saturation with coloring substances, is not complete without the participation of pantothenic acid. This vitamin also prevents premature aging and wrinkles. Vitamin B-5 in the cells of the body is involved in the creation of hundreds of enzymes. These enzymes are interconnected with the help of the so-called apoenzyme - part of the protein molecule - and thus acquire a large potential energy. One of these reactions, carried out with the help of pantothenic acid, is the conversion of the B vitamin - choline in the brain into neurotransmitters (nerve pathogen) acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters play a very important role in the brain and nervous system, since all thought signals and impulses from the senses pass through them. That is why the concentration of vitamin B-5 in brain cells is so high. During the day, pantothenic acid can literally refresh the brain, relieve absent-mindedness, doubt, forgetfulness, lack of attention and mild depressive disorders.

Signs of Vitamin B-5 Deficiency
1. If in the morning, getting out of bed, you can hardly bend your arms and legs due to ankylosis or arthritis, this may mean that you do not have enough pantothenic acid. During clinical studies, it is constantly found that patients with arthritis have too low levels of pantothene in the blood. Large doses of the vitamin can relieve pain within one to two weeks. But if you then switch back to the usual food, the disease gradually resumes.
2. Obesity.
3. Frequent emotional breakdowns, nervousness, low stress resistance, fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance
increased fatigue, headaches.
4. Autoimmune diseases.
5. Dermatitis, depigmentation and hair loss, cessation of growth, exhaustion, changes in the adrenal glands and the nervous system, as well as disorders of coordination of movements, functions of the heart and kidneys, stomach, intestines.
6. Muscle pain, burning, tingling, numbness of the toes, burning, excruciating pain in the lower extremities, mainly at night, reddening of the skin of the feet.
7. Dyspeptic disorders, duodenal ulcers.
8. Low body resistance to infection, frequent acute respiratory infections.

Functional actions
- Regulates effects on the functions of the nervous system.
- Increases the body's resistance and prevents the development of certain forms of anemia.

Indications for use
- Various pathological conditions associated with metabolic disorders.
- Eczema, trophic ulcers, burns, allergic reactions (dermatitis, hay fever, etc.).
- Bronchitis (acute and chronic), bronchial asthma.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Tuberculosis.
- Insufficiency of blood circulation.
- Chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, non-infectious gastrointestinal diseases
(gastroduodenitis, etc.).
- In surgery, calcium pantothenate is used to eliminate intestinal atony after operations on the gastrointestinal tract.
- In the complex therapy of withdrawal syndrome in patients with alcoholism.

Mode of application: 1 capsule daily with meals.

Contraindications: individual intolerance to the component.

Storage conditions: in a dry, cool place inaccessible to children, t° not higher than +25°С.

Manufacturer: NOW Foods, Bloomingdale, IL 60108 U.S.A.

If you feel chronic fatigue, you begin to sleep poorly. You have difficulty getting up in the morning because your joints hurt. You were tortured by frequent colds, your immunity was weakened. Memory problems began to appear: at work they forgot to submit a report on time, to meet with a client. You began to worry about weight: it is not enough or, conversely, it is superfluous. Urgently go to the doctor! You most likely have a pantothenic acid deficiency. This substance is so important for our body that if there is a shortage, the work of many organs can be disrupted. There will be exacerbations of diseases, pain will appear.

What is pantothenic acid

Behind such a complex name is vitamin B5. It is produced by itself in our intestines, if the microflora is not disturbed. Due to the fact that the vitamin is found in a variety of foods, it constantly enters our body. But in a situation where its lack, problems begin:

Metabolism is disturbed;

Decreased immunity;

Skin diseases appear;

Allergies occur;

Nervous diseases are exacerbated.

This vitamin is involved in the work of the adrenal glands. It produces a hormone with which inflammation is easier to tolerate, it is necessary for heart disease, colitis. It is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids. With its violation and failure, long-term memory becomes worse, nervous diseases become aggravated, and sleep is disturbed. It is important that the vitamin is involved in the synthesis of substances that are responsible for the transmission of brain impulses. With a deficiency, the sensations of smell and taste decrease, absent-mindedness appears.

The participation of the vitamin in the synthesis of antibodies helps protect the brain from the effects of nicotine and alcohol. New cells are formed, side effects of drugs are reduced. The condition of the skin and hair depends on the presence of the vitamin. Its participation is important for normalizing the body's water balance, accelerating the healing of wounds and burns. Vitamin plays a huge role in regulating cholesterol metabolism, prevents the appearance of atherosclerosis.

Vitamin B5 is very important for the proper functioning of the whole organism. With the use of the drug:

Easier to tolerate inflammation, heart disease, arthritis.

The work of the nervous system is directed. Sleep improves, chronic fatigue disappears.

The functions of the brain are regulated. Long-term memory returns, absent-mindedness and forgetfulness decrease.

Immunity is supported.

The aging process, the formation of wrinkles, the appearance of gray hair are postponed.

Metabolism is regulated. Stabilizes weight with weight loss and obesity.

Improves the condition of the skin and hair.

What products contain

Without noticing it, we consume products with pantothenic acid every day. It is important that they are properly prepared. Heat treatment is allowed. But in order for the vitamin to remain in the products, it should be taken into account that destruction occurs:

Under the influence of high temperature, when frying;

When preserving vegetables and fruits;

As a result of freezing;

After adding the vinegar recipe.

To make up for the deficiency of vitamin B5, you just need to go to the store or the market. What foods contain pantothenic acid? It is found in beef meat, liver, kidneys. A large amount of it is found in products:

Milk, eggs;

Legumes, cereals;

Sea fish, caviar;

fresh vegetables;

Greens: salads, cabbage;

Nuts, mushrooms;

Whole wheat and rye;

Oranges and bananas.

The daily requirement of the human body for vitamin B5

Please note that the need for this vitamin depends on the situation. Increases during pregnancy, with great physical exertion. The daily requirement for vitamin B5 increases after operations, during stress. A large dosage is prescribed for skin diseases, severe infectious diseases. Under normal conditions, the daily requirement:

Adults - 7-10 mg;

Pregnant women - 15-20 mg;

Infants - 2 mg;

Schoolchildren - 4 mg;

Elderly - 10-15 mg.

Preparations containing vitamin B5

Vitamin B5 is included in the chemical composition of many medicines. Doctors prescribe calcium pantothenate tablets to pregnant women with toxicosis. "Brewer's yeast" - capsules - for skin diseases and for weight gain. The drug Pantothenic acid copes well with muscle pain, nervous disorders, and depression. Vitamin B5 preparations from Solgar are of great benefit. The pharmaceutical concern produces multivitamin complexes "Solgar Multi Eye" based on natural ingredients, capsules with pantothenic acid.

Release form

The pharmaceutical industry offers preparations containing vitamins B5 in various forms for use. Among them are tablets and capsules, which are recommended to be taken according to the instructions with water. Preparations in ampoules are prescribed for intramuscular and intravenous use. The use of vitamin B5 is more effective with injections, but not everyone tolerates intramuscular injections well, because they are very painful.

Indications for use

Vitamin B5 deficiency causes problems during pregnancy: anemia and toxicosis. Due to the need for the normal functioning of the whole organism, a drug is prescribed for the treatment of:

Disorders of the nervous system;

Respiratory problems;

skin diseases;

Burns and wounds;

allergies;

Disorders of the thyroid gland;

Pain in the joints;

kidney disease;

Immunodeficiency;

Diseases of the heart.

Excellent results are obtained by the use of vitamin B5 in metabolic disorders. The drug is used for weight loss and weight gain, stops the development of obesity. This vitamin is essential for normal brain function. Prevents the development of atherosclerosis, fights distraction and forgetfulness. If you want to delay aging, you can not do without medicines with vitamin B5. Doctors use drugs to treat:

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Complications after operations;

Circulatory disorders;

damaged hair;

tuberculosis;

Liver diseases;

baldness;

pancreatitis.

Dosage

It is important that vitamin B5 is well excreted from the body, so its excess does not lead to any serious consequences. In order for the use of the drug to have the desired effect, the dosage must be observed. It requires a significant increase in skin diseases. The dosage can be up to 1.5 grams per day, but this gives excellent results. The amount of the substance to be taken is prescribed by the doctor, it depends on the disease and the age of the patient. For adults, the dosage is up to 500 mg per day, for children - from 100 to 400 mg.

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 , vitamin B 5) is necessary for the smooth functioning of the body. The substance is part of coenzyme A, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Doctors prescribe vitamins with pantothenic acid to maintain the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, activate the immune system and regulate blood formation processes. Next, you will learn how to choose a quality drug with pantothenate, and also check out our rating of the best medicines from the Iherb website.

Rules for choosing vitamin B 5

Before buying a pantothenic acid supplement, we advise you to read the recommendations of doctors, which are written in this section.

The need for admission

Vitamin B 5 has many beneficial properties. Preparations based on this nutrient can be used for preventive purposes to speed up metabolism, activate fat burning and stimulate reparative processes. There are also vitamin complexes containing pantothenic acid. They are mainly prescribed to people who want to lose weight.

Pantothenic acid is also used in a complex treatment regimen for such pathologies:

• postoperative intestinal atony;
• polyneuritis, polyneuropathy, including diabetic;
• skin diseases - eczema, allergic rashes, trophic ulcers, burns;
• damage to the respiratory system - bronchitis, bronchial asthma;
• circulatory failure;
• toxicosis of pregnant women;
• systemic allergic reactions;
• withdrawal syndrome.

Preparations with vitamin B 5 are actively used in cosmetology to treat acne, normalize sebum production and reduce the number of blackheads.

Release form

Vitamin preparations containing B 5 are available in 2 dosage forms:

1. Capsules. They have an additional easily soluble shell and have high bioavailability.
2. Tablets. Soft release forms are popular. In terms of digestibility, they do not differ from capsule dietary supplements.

Composition features

For medicinal purposes, not pure vitamin in the form of pantothenic acid is used, but calcium pantothenate. This formula is quickly absorbed by the body and works better. Upon entering the intestine, the substance turns into pantothine, which is involved in metabolic reactions.

Many manufacturers produce complex formulations that contain several B vitamins and ascorbic acid. Such drugs act more efficiently, as they affect different enzyme systems. The price of these vitamins is higher than mono-additives with pantothenate.

Selection of dose and volume of packaging

Therapeutic dosages are selected according to the age of the patient:

• adults are prescribed from 400 to 800 mg per day, depending on the severity of the condition;
• babies from 1 year to 3 years - 10-100 mg;
• children 3-14 years old - 200-400 mg;
• adolescents 14-18 years old - 400-800 mg.

For the treatment of any pathology, the regimen of administration and the duration of use are established by the doctor after examining the patient. And for preventive purposes, it is enough to drink pantothenate for 1-2 months.

Vitamin prices

In pharmacies, you can find cheap preparations with vitamin B 5, but their low price is due to low concentrations of active ingredients and poor quality raw materials. Such drugs should not be bought.

When choosing supplements, it is advisable to pay attention to the price of 1 serving, you can find out by dividing the cost of the drug by the number of single dosages in the package.

Top Producers

Vitamin B 5 received the best reviews from Now Foods, Solgar, Thorne Research, Nature's Way. These manufacturers do a thorough cleaning of drugs from toxins and allergens, and also adhere to international quality standards.

TOP-5 drugs with pantothenate

Pantothenic Acid Vitamin Supplements are sorted based on price per serving and quantities per ingredient.

#5 Nature's Way, Pantothenic Acid

The cost of 1 serving is 13 rubles. 50 kop.

• Country of origin - USA;
• package volume - 100 capsules;
• concentration - 250 mg.

The drug is available in the form of soft gelatin capsules. Contains the optimal prophylactic dose of the active substance. For adults, the manufacturer recommends taking 2 capsules per day.

Pros:

• the product has a hypoallergenic composition;
• reduces rashes and irritations on the skin;
• accelerates hair growth;
• stimulates the brain.

Minuses:

#4 Now Foods, Pantothenic Acid

The price of 1 serving is 3 rubles. 90 kop.

• Country: USA;
• release form - gelatin capsules;
• packing volume - 250 pieces;
• concentration - 500 mg.

Now Foods supplement contains only calcium pantothenate in a dosage that is sufficient for prevention or therapy. The medicine complies with GMP quality standards.

Pros:

• BAA activates metabolic reactions;
• cleanses the skin from acne;
• controls sebum secretion;
• gives vivacity and energy.

Minuses:

• can cause insomnia, nervousness.

#3 Throne Research, Suppressive Stress B-Complex

The cost of 1 serving is 17 rubles. 60 kop.

• Country of origin - USA;
• package volume - 60 capsules;
• concentration B 5 - 250 mg.

The drug contains 8 vitamins from group B. Suitable for saturating the body with nutrients in case of hypovitaminosis. All active substances are presented in bioavailable forms. The main action of vitamins with pantothenic acid is to support the work of the adrenal glands, the activation of the body's defenses.

Pros:

• the product does not contain gluten and other allergens;
• improves concentration and memory.

Minuses:

• may cause dizziness.

№2 Solgar, B-complex “100”

The price of 1 serving is 10 rubles. 20 kop.

• Country: USA;
• release form - capsules;
• packing volume - 250 pieces;
• concentration B 5 - 100 mg.

The preparation with pantothenic acid from Solgar contains 10 vitamins and vitamin-like substances from group B. It activates cellular respiration, accelerates the reactions of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Available in vegetarian capsules made from cellulose and magnesium stearate. Also available in packs of 100 pcs.

Pros:

• the drug does not contain dyes and preservatives;
• reduces the number of migraine attacks;
• stimulates the growth of nails and hair;
• restores immunity.

Minuses:

• low concentration of B 5 .

#1 Solgar, Vitamin B Complex with Vitamin C

The cost of 1 serving is 10 rubles. 80 kop.

• Country of origin - USA;
• package volume - 250 capsules;
• concentration B 5 - 100 mg.

The drug has a complex composition, it contains:

• L-ascorbic acid;
• a combination of 10 B vitamins in active chemical forms;
• mixture of natural plant extracts.

Dietary supplement from Solgar fights stress, promotes the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, turns food into energy. Doctors prescribe it mainly for prevention.

Pros:

• the composition is hypoallergenic;
• has a complex effect;
• supports the nervous system;
• boosts immunity.

Minuses:

• may color urine yellow.

Where could I buy

Pantothenic acid, presented in our rating, can be bought at a pharmacy or a Russian online store, but the prices for drugs in them are usually overpriced by 1.5-2 times. Therefore, it is better to order dietary supplements with vitamin B 5 directly from the iHerb website.

Attention! Discount for iHerb customers -10% on the 1st order. To take advantage of the discount offer, enter promo code AGK4375 before paying for the goods or go to .

iHerb Benefits:

• a huge range of beauty and health products from premium pharmaceutical companies from the US and Europe;
• prices of vitamins are 30-50% lower than in pharmacies due to the absence of markups and high turnover of the store;
• reliable and fast delivery to anywhere in the world;
• the opportunity to order free transportation of goods in the amount of $60 to Russia;
• availability of ratings and reviews from real buyers;
• knowledgeable support staff.

Instructions for use

Watch a video on how to take vitamin B 5 for acne treatment:

What drugs to activate the metabolism are you taking? Write in the comments!

Vitamin B5 is a structural component of the key substance of metabolism - coenzyme A, which is involved in the course of all types of metabolism - protein, lipid, carbohydrate, in the synthesis of hemoglobin, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, corticosteroids, hormones of the adrenal cortex and in the processes of detoxification of the body by transferring acyl residues.

General information

What is another name for the substance?

Pantheonic acid or calcium pantothenate.

The compound got its name because of its wide distribution in nature from the word, which in Latin is referred to as "pantothen" and in translation means "everywhere".

Vitamin B5 is a water-soluble substance whose main role is to assist in the flow of cellular energy production processes.

By chemical nature, calcium pantothenate is a dipeptide consisting of pantoic acid and β-alanine amino acid residues.

The empirical formula of the compound is C6H17O5N.

Despite the ubiquity of pantheonic acid in nature, a person may experience a lack of a substance. The abundance of white bread, semi-finished products, chips, canned foods and the lack of fresh vegetables, fruits, meat products in the diet leads to the fact that vitamin B5 practically does not enter the body, as a result, hypovitaminosis occurs.

Why is calcium pantothenate useful?

Due to the deficiency of the compound, metabolism first of all suffers, digestion worsens, and the immune-protective function decreases. A person becomes susceptible to inflammatory processes - SARS.

In order for pantheonic acid to be preserved in the maximum amount in dishes, you should refuse to use frozen, canned foods, foods with a long shelf life that include vinegar essence, and also cook in the most gentle mode: over low heat, extremely quickly under a closed lid.

Consider the functions, symptoms of deficiency, excess B5, and also what the compound contains.

Discovery history

The discovery of calcium pantothenate is associated with a detailed study of substances of natural origin that stimulate the intensive growth of yeast. In the process of separating the "bios" into individual compounds with biotin, thiamine, inositol, scientists isolated a thermolabile acidic substance that is not adsorbed by coal, which is necessary for the development of a group of unicellular fungi.

Studying this substance, in 1933, the scientist Williams found that it is distributed everywhere. As a result of research carried out in the period from 1933 to 1939, the professor and a group of employees managed to synthesize the compound in a highly purified state from liver extracts. The resulting substance was in the form of a crystalline calcium salt. A year later, scientists managed to decipher the chemical compound, which later became known as pantothenic acid. In parallel, it was attested that the liver extract freed from riboflavin, pyridoxine, by adsorption on coal, cures dermatological diseases that develop in chickens when feeding birds with warmed food. The established anti-dermatitis factor was named vitamin G. Upon further study of the compound, scientists found that it was identical to the structure and functions of pantothenic acid.

To determine the full significance of vitamin B5 for a living organism, scientists were able only after the discovery of the vital acetylation coenzyme (A), of which it is a part.

Physiochemical properties

Vitamin B5 is a light yellow viscous substance with a melting point of 80 degrees. The compound dissolves well in acetic acid, water, ethyl, poorly - in ether, amyl alcohol, organic solvents. Calcium pantothenate, reacting with water, forms colorless crystalline salts: calcium, sodium. Vitamin B5 is thermolabile. It is especially unstable when heated in alkalis and acids, hydrolyzing with the release of lactone a,g-dioxy-b, pantolactone, b-alanine through the amide bond. In neutral solutions, calcium pantothenate and its salts are relatively stable.

Amide - pantothenamide, pantothenol - produced by B5, are formed in the process of replacing the carboxyl group with an alcohol one. The latter compound has a high vitamin activity for animals, as a result, it acts as an acid antagonist for a group of microorganisms.

Another, no less valuable, substance in wildlife is pantetheine, obtained by the interaction of calcium pantothenate with b-mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine). When oxidized, it is processed into disulfite - pantethine. The bioproduct of pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme A.

Metabolism of vitamin B5

Every day, the intestinal microflora of a healthy body synthesizes 3.4 milligrams of vitamin B5. After food intake, pantothenic acid is absorbed by diffusion directly from the intestine into the blood, tissues, where it is subsequently captured by red blood cells and actively transformed into coenzyme forms - coenzyme-A and phosphopanthothein. The rest of the substance circulates in the body in a free state. The catabolism of organic compounds of non-protein nature is based on their hydrolysis, while the "waste" calcium pantothenate and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Vitamin B5 is sensitive to heat, heat treatment of foods rich in a useful compound leads to a loss of 50% of the substance. It is destroyed not only under the influence of dry heat (grill, oven), but also as a result of exposure to solutions of acids, alkalis, which are used in the processing of food products, for example, during canning, freezing.

It is important to remember that pantothenic acid is found in foods only in protein form and is released by enzymes.

Given the fact that inside our body, vitamin B5 and its derivatives interact with a large number of substances, it is impossible to list them completely. However, in order to verify the significance of the connection, consider the most significant of them. These are acetylcholine, fats, fatty acids, histamine, hemoglobin, amino acids, carbohydrates.

Participating in the synthesis and metabolic processes of such a variety of substances, for the proper functioning of all systems, internal organs, it is important to ensure the regular supply of calcium pantothenate in sufficient quantities.

Consider why the body needs vitamin B5:

1. The activity of the adrenal glands. Scientists have proven that the cortex of these organs is the most efficient gland in humans, which is capable of producing hormones for six hours a day, but for this it needs significant reserves of calcium pantothenate to fight pathogenic microbes and increased psycho-emotional stress. First of all , acid is involved in the synthesis of hormones of the endocrine glands. At the stage of formation, all glucocorticoids are associated with coenzyme A, and one way or another, their production in sufficient quantities is a reliable prevention of allergies, colitis, arthritis, heart disease. Vitamin B5 has an anti-inflammatory effect. Participating in the course of metabolic processes in the adrenal cortex, it synthesizes glucocorticoids, which "turn on" the body's defense reaction in the event of the introduction of foreign microorganisms.
2. Synthesis of fatty acids. As you know, these monobasic carboxylic substances are necessary for the connection of fats and the normal functioning of the brain. As a result, vitamin B5 normalizes metabolism and activates the mental activity of a person. As a side effect, the deposition of fats in the body is regulated. Therefore, pantothenic acid is an essential vitamin for weight loss and elimination of metabolic problems.
3. The work of the nervous system. Calcium pantothenate is involved in the synthesis of mediators, hormones, neurotransmitters that ensure the proper development of the nervous system in children, adolescents, and adults. Daily intake of 5 milligrams of vitamin B5 prevents the onset of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. One of the most important reactions that occurs with the participation of pantothenic acid in the body human - the conversion of choline to acetylcholine, with the help of which the connecting signals (impulses from the sense organs) pass, which explains the high concentration of the useful compound in the brain cells.
4. Maintaining immunity. Unlike and E, which fight free radicals, bacteria, viruses, activating the protective function of the body, the biological role of pantothenic acid is the synthesis of antibodies. B5 deficiency leads to a sharp decrease in the number of immunoglobulins, as a result, a person becomes most vulnerable to the harmful influence of pathogenic microorganisms from the outside.
5. Normalization of cholesterol metabolism. Calcium pantothenate inhibits the process of plaque clogging of arteries by regulating the synthesis of fatty acids. Thanks to this property, vitamin B5 is a natural “drug” that effectively fights atherosclerosis.
6. Energy production. Pantothenic acid starts the process of lipolysis in the body - the release of triglycerides from fat cells with their subsequent burning. The course of these procedures is accompanied by the production of additional energy, which is needed during intense physical exertion and increased mental work.
7. Promotes rapid healing of wounds, tissue renewal, restoration of the barrier properties of the mucous membranes.
8. Removes depressive disorders, forgetfulness, absent-mindedness, doubts.
9. Prevents side effects from antibiotics.
10. Reduces pain in rheumatoid arthritis.

In addition, pantothenic acid is needed to maintain healthy skin and hair. It prevents the formation of wrinkles, premature appearance of age spots, and restrains early gray hair. By participating in the synthesis of corticosteroids and hemoglobin, B5 has a positive effect on the fight against stress.

Calcium pantothenate is the only vitamin that can be absorbed through the skin, thanks to this property, the substance is used in the production of anti-burn drugs, cosmetics.

Thus, it is extremely difficult to overestimate the positive properties of organic matter, since the slightest flaw will immediately hit the work of almost all organs and systems.

Consider the sequence of symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency:

1. Fatigue, fatigue. The reason for the appearance of these reactions is that calcium pantothenate is consumed at the highest rate in the muscles, and the lack of connection in the muscles leads to a drop in the performance of the body as a whole.
2. Nervous disorders. First of all, hypovitaminosis leads to sleep disturbance. Further, as a result of chronic lack of sleep, the work of the central nervous system worsens, psycho-emotional overstrain occurs, burning in the toes, and depression develops.
3. Headaches, muscle pains. Especially often, athletes experience pain in the muscles, with a deficiency of B5. This phenomenon occurs as a result of a violation of metabolic processes that lead to the complete utilization of lactic acid. As a result, the athlete experiences muscle pain, feels tired as after a hard marathon.
4. Deterioration of the condition of the skin (the appearance of dermatitis, seborrhea, eczema), hair loss, growth retardation and fragility of the nail plate.
5. Digestive disorders. At the first stages, the characteristic symptoms of hypovitaminosis of pantothenic acid in the human body are lack of appetite and nausea, if the lack of an organic compound is not compensated for, chronic indigestion of food develops, the constant occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, peptic ulcer, gastritis and cholecystitis.
6. "Burning" attacks of pain in the legs at night (not cramps), accompanied by a sharp reddening of the skin in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe feet.
7. Metabolic disorders that lead to an imbalance in the hormonal background of women. These problems are especially dangerous during menopause, as they can cause not only sudden changes in pressure, but also ataxia.
8. Slowdown (rarely - stop) growth in adolescents, weight loss.
9. Exhaustion caused by indigestion, constant fatigue.
10. Weakening of the immune system, susceptibility to acute respiratory diseases.
11. Kidney dysfunction associated with improper production of various hormones. As a rule, problems with urinary organs occur extremely rarely, in the advanced stages of hypovitaminosis.
12. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, caused by a violation of the synthesis of glucocorticoids, cholesterol. Clogged arteries lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
13. Visual disturbances (in some cases, the onset of blindness).

During the Second World War, among the prisoners of war staying in Japanese camps, there was a widespread syndrome of "burning in the feet", which arose as a result of a severe violation of a healthy diet. In addition, the deficiency of pantothenic acid in soldiers was accompanied by mental impairment, central scotoma, pallor of the nipples of the optic nerves, and visual impairment. At the same time, the inclusion in the diet of 30 milligrams of a mixture of B vitamins eliminated these phenomena, saved patients from glossitis, stomatitis, diseases of the cornea, sclera, and conjunctivitis.

In severe cases, the size of the supplement increased to 80 milligrams per day.

Vitamin B5 is part of many foods (), therefore, with a properly formed diet, the human body, in most cases, receives the compound in sufficient quantities. However, hypovitaminosis of calcium pantothenate can develop for other reasons.

Factors that cause B5 deficiency

Consider the reasons why the body begins to experience a deficiency of a substance:

1. Prolonged use of sulfonamides, antibiotics. These drugs block the synthesis of active derivatives from vitamin B5. As a result, even with an abundance of pantothenic acid in food, the body may be deficient in the compound.
2. Lack of fat in the daily menu. The intake of proteins, triglycerides accelerates and facilitates the absorption of calcium pantothenate. Therefore, for men, women, and children who follow a vegetarian and raw food diet, care must be taken in shaping their diet to prevent the compound from not being absorbed.
3. Lack of vitamins B1, B2, C, which are actively involved in the synthesis of panthein and coenzyme-A.
4. Digestive disorders (impaired absorption of food) - malabsorption syndrome. In the case of the development of this disease, food with a high content of useful organic compounds passes through the body in transit (non-absorption of nutrients from food).

Deficiency of pantothenic acid leads to diseases of the blood, skin, nails, duodenal ulcers, hypoglycemia.

Given the fact that vitamin B5 is found in many products of plant and animal origin, deficiency of the compound in the human body is a rare occurrence, which, in most cases, occurs due to an unbalanced diet or under the influence of factors that contribute to the neutralization or non-absorption beneficial substance.

Hypervitaminosis B5 is more common. An excess of the compound is non-toxic to humans. A single injection of 500 milligrams of calcium pantothenate intravenously does not cause side effects from the body. In rare cases, there is dehydration, insomnia, agitation, increased heart rate, headache, nausea.

The body's need for pantothenic acid

The daily intake of vitamin B5 for an adult is 10-15 milligrams, for pregnant women, lactating - 15-20, for children: up to a year - 2 units, from 1 to 6 years - 4, from 6 to 10 years - 5, from 10 to 14 years - 7.

An additional intake of calcium pantothenate is prescribed in the following cases:

• with infectious diseases;
• consumption of low-calorie foods;
• in the postoperative period;
• during stress;
• people of retirement age (over 55 years);
• with polyneuritis, neuralgia, bronchial asthma, disorders of the central nervous system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• to improve the condition of nails, hair, skin;
• during antibiotic use.

Only the attending physician will be able to determine the required daily dose of the compound.

In the case of progression of dermatological diseases, one of the fundamental drugs of treatment is pantothenic acid, which is prescribed in a dose significantly higher than the daily norm for a healthy person (up to 1500 milligrams per day).

To combat acne, the dosage of B5 increases to an impressive amount - up to 10,000 units per day.

Vitamin Sources

Vitamin B5 is widely distributed in nature. The substance is synthesized by microorganisms, green plants: many bacteria, fungi, yeast. Although animal tissues cannot produce pantothenic acid, they do produce coenzyme A from it.

The largest amount of B5 is found in plant foods, offal.

The main sources of pantothenic acid are peas, brewer's yeast, bee royal jelly. However, there are products that negatively affect the beneficial bacteria of the intestinal microflora (for example, carbonated drinks, canned food, chips), their intensive use leads to a decrease or complete cessation of the production of vitamin B5 in the human body.

During cooking, it is important to remember that calcium pantothenate under the influence of high temperatures (including canning) is destroyed by 50%, and during freezing - by 30%.

During the cooking process, part of the substance passes into the water. Therefore, foods rich in beneficial compounds, if possible, should be consumed raw or subjected to minimal heat treatment.

Currently, the question of the clinical use of vitamin B5 is under study. In view of this, pantothenic acid has a limited scope. In medicine, a water-soluble nutrient is used as a drug that regulates the functioning of the nervous system and metabolic processes in the body. In addition, the vitamin is prescribed at a high risk of developing pantothenic insufficiency.

Clinical application of the nutrient

1. Tuberculosis. Phthisiologists, B. Ya. Stukalova and E. S. Stepanyan, experimentally established that, in the treatment of pulmonary pathology, vitamin B5 eliminates the toxic effects of antibiotics on the body. In view of this, the nutrient is used when side effects occur that limit the possibility of further continuation of therapy. One of them is a severe vestibular disorder. However, it should be borne in mind that with the appearance of chronic hypertension, "mild" allergies or kidney dysfunction, it is ineffective to use calcium pantothenate.
2. Diseases of the digestive system. Since vitamin B5 is a participant in metabolic processes in the body, it is used as part of the complex treatment of certain liver diseases. However, research in this area is still ongoing. The results obtained by the therapist - gastroenterologist A.V. Frolkis, indicate the beneficial effect of "calcium salt" on the functional state of the digestive tract. The doctor found that prolonged intake of the nutrient causes a decrease in the secretory function of the stomach, without increasing the acidity of the digestive juice. Along with this, B5 is used in the clinic for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
3. Decurarization after anesthesia. Following surgery, there is a need for therapy aimed at stopping the action of muscle relaxants and eliminating intestinal atony. In the course of scientific research, doctors of medical sciences, Ya. M. Khmelevsky and V. A. Kovalev, revealed the anticurative properties of pantothenic acid. The experiment involved 30 people with heart disease after surgical anesthesia. For intravenous administration, the highest single dose of vitamin was used - 500 - 700 milligrams. This portion of the substance removed the residual curarization in 25 patients, and the rest of the patients required additional administration of stronger analogues, in particular prozerin. The results obtained allowed doctors to conclude that pantothenic acid is safer than the last drug, but weaker in anticurative action. Therefore, it is advisable to use calcium pantothenate in the postoperative period with residual effects of anesthesia.
4. Skin pathologies. In dermatology, the drug is used to treat burns, anal fistulas, pruritus, itchy dermatosis, leg ulcers, purulent wounds, urticaria, light erythema, herpes zoster, allergic rhinitis, sweating of the extremities, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The combined intake of pantothenic acid (50-100 milligrams per day), organic vitamin C (2-4 grams per day) and steroid drugs leads to an improvement in the clinical course of lupus erythematosus and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue. Considering that vitamin B5 regulates the sebaceous glands, it is used in cosmetology for seborrheic baldness of the head, excessive formation of dandruff and acne on the face and body. Taking 100 milligrams of the nutrient per day (for hair and acne) helps to normalize the production of skin secretions, as a result of which the skin acquires an even shade, and the curls become strong, elastic and shiny. Calcium pantothenate is used orally and parenterally in the form of tablets or an aqueous solution for injection.

Today, new nosologies are included in the spectrum of vitamin use in pharmacological doses (for children - 30 milligrams per day, for adults - 50 - 100 milligrams). Recent studies confirm that group B5 pantothenates administered to patients with autoimmune inflammatory arthritis reduce swelling of the articular cartilage and reduce the immunological activity of the process. In addition, in determined non-insulin dependent diabetes, the nutrient exhibits a hypolipidemic effect, since it inhibits the biosynthesis of low density lipoproteins in the liver.

Professor R. Williams, who discovered this vitamin, claims that the daily requirement for a pregnant woman is at least 50 milligrams per day. The indicated dosage, according to the doctor, halves the number of miscarriages and intrauterine fetal defects.

In clinical practice, therapeutic doses of pantothenic acid (200 - 500 milligrams) are used during a protracted illness, epilepsy, complications after encephalitis, hyperkinesis (tic, tremor, parkinsonism, myoclonus), emotional or physical overload.

Calcium pantothenate, due to the lack of cumulative properties, is easily excreted in urine, so overdose is extremely rare.

Vitamin B5 is an essential nutrient for bodybuilding. It is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones, the utilization of lactic acid in the muscles, and also regulates the processes of muscle recovery.

Studies conducted by the doctor Yu. Bulanov testify to the powerful anabolic effect of pantothenic acid. Under the influence of taking therapeutic doses of the substance (1-3 grams), athletes increased muscle strength and began to gain muscle mass. Moreover, in some cases, the effect of the use of vitamin B5 exceeded the result of the use of anabolic steroids.

Interestingly, at the beginning of taking the "calcium salt" in the muscles, a kind of discomfort occurs, caused by the activation of the synthesis of acetylcholine. This inconvenience is a short-term phenomenon, since the tone of the parasympathetic part of the nervous system independently increases only up to a certain point. After that, the bondage disappears. In the future, the excitation of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions) increases simultaneously and in a balanced way. In view of this, the tolerance to high temperatures increases, the heart rate slows down, as a result, the working capacity and the volume of training loads double.

The increase in muscle relief, while taking pantothenic acid, occurs without increasing the consumption of protein foods. This phenomenon occurs due to the slowing down of the breakdown of protein structures (anti-catabolic action). Along with this, the vitamin strengthens the nervous system, maintaining the effect after the abolition of its use.

In bodybuilding, resistance to stress is of paramount importance, since the nerve center is initially tired, and then the muscle, as a result of which the athlete's performance decreases. Therefore, it is advisable to take calcium pantothenate during competitions and intense training loads.

The optimal source of vitamin B5 is Pantegam, which has anti-stress, anticonvulsant and sedative effects.

With increased anxiety, it is used simultaneously with the nutrient (in equal proportions).

In addition to bodybuilding, it is advisable to use pantothenic acid to increase endurance in aerobic and strength sports (marathon running, powerlifting, bodybuilding).

Preparations

Considering the fact that calcium pantothenate deficiency is extremely rare, vivid symptoms of a lack of a substance occur only in people who have been on a special diet for a long time (for scientific purposes). However, during pregnancy, professional sports and serious illnesses, you cannot do without additional vitamin intake. In clinical practice, in 70% of cases, preparations containing a-pantothenic acid in the form of a calcium salt (Ca pantetonate) are used. This vitamin is produced in tablets (10 milligrams each) and in ampoules (20% solution).

Indications for the use of the substance:

• allergic reactions (hay fever, dermatitis, eczema);
• toxicosis in pregnant women;
• pulmonary pathologies (bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis);
• hyperthyroidism;
• paresthesia, neuralgia, polyneuritis, depression;
• non-infectious diseases of the digestive tract (pancreatitis, colitis, gastroduodenitis, ulcers, hypomotor dyskinesia of the intestine);
• circulatory failure;
• bronchial asthma;
• trophic ulcers, burns;
• alcoholism;
• celiac pathologies;
• thrush;
• acne;
• autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
• cystitis;
• seborrhea, baldness;
• conjunctivitis;
• withdrawal syndrome (teenage drug addiction and alcoholism).

In pharmacotherapy, along with classical pantothenate, analogues containing d-homopantothenic acid are used. One of these drugs is pantegam. The spectrum of its pharmacological properties differs significantly from the previous substance, since γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) replaces β-alanine in the calcium salt molecule.

Instructions for using the medicine

Pantogam, when ingested, loses calcium ions, turning into homo-pantothenic acid, a natural homologue of vitamin B5. The drug has a pronounced nootropic and anticonvulsant effect, potentiating the hypnotic effect of barbiturates. In addition, the vitamin stimulates anabolic processes in nerve cells, increases the brain's resistance to the effects of toxic substances and hypoxia, combines a mild stimulating effect with a moderate sedative effect, activates physical and mental performance, reduces motor excitability, improves GABA metabolism in chronic alcoholism and after ethanol withdrawal. .

Indications for use (in complex therapy):

• cognitive impairment in neurotic disorders and brain damage (including the consequences of craniocerebral trauma and neuroinfections);
• extrapyramidal disorders in people with hereditary pathologies of the nervous system (myoclonus epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, hepatolenticular degeneration, Huntington's chorea);
• cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by blockage of cerebral vessels;
• extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (akinetic and hyperkinetic);
• senile dementia (initial stage);
• schizophrenia with cerebral insufficiency (together with antidepressants and antipsychotics);
• residual organic lesions of the brain;
• epilepsy with slow mental processes (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• cerebral palsy;
• neurogenic disorders of urination (urgent urge, enuresis, pollakiuria);
• perinatal encephalopathy in children (from the first days of life);
• mental retardation of various etiologies;
• psycho-emotional overload;
• neurosis-like states (stuttering, tremor, tick, encopresis, enuresis);
• mental retardation in children (disorders of speech, motor functions, the formation of school skills - writing, reading, counting);
• inflammation of the facial nerve.

Pantogam is taken orally 15 to 20 minutes after a meal. The daily dosage for adults is 1.5 - 3 grams, for children - 0.75 - 3 grams. The course of therapy - 1 - 5 months, after six months, therapy can be repeated.

Contraindications:

• pregnancy;
• phenylketonuria (as the syrup contains aspartame);
• severe kidney disease (in the acute phase);
• hypersensitivity;
• breastfeeding period;
• children's age up to 3 years;
• hemophilia.

Remember, use pantogam, in therapeutic doses, should only be under the supervision of your doctor.

Dexpanthenol is a synthetic derivative of vitamin B5 used for external use. In the molecular lattice of a compound, an alcohol group replaces an acid group. Since dexpanthenol, when ingested, turns into pantothenic acid, their vitamin activity is comparable.

This compound, as part of coenzyme A, takes part in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the formation of porphyrins, acetylcholine and corticosteroids.

The main advantage of the ointment is good penetration into the deep layers of the dermis and blood flow. Pantothenic acid, by stimulating the movement of epithelial cells and enhancing proliferative activity, increases the density of collagen fibers, accelerates the granulation and epithelization of the wound defect, reduces itching, inflammation, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Due to this, dexpanthenol has a regenerating, dermatoprotective and moderate anti-inflammatory effect.

The drug is used to moisturize the stratum corneum of the dermis, reduce transepidermal moisture loss, maintain the elasticity of the connective tissue, and protect the body from exposure to UV rays. In addition, the "vitamin" improves the functional state of the scalp, as it prevents the formation of dandruff, reduces hair loss and protects them from negative environmental factors. In view of these properties, dexpanthenol is successfully used in the creation of cosmetics: masks, shampoos, creams, balms, styling sprays, mousses, sunscreen emulsions.

Today, on the European market, there are 3 monocomponent and 2 combined preparations of dexpanthenol:

• Pantexol Jadran (Yadran);
• Bepanten (Bayer);
• Panthenol-ratiopharm (Ratiopharm);
• Pantevenol (Borshchagovsky CPP);
• Pantestin-Darnitsa (Darnitsa).

These drugs are available in the form of ointment, cream, gel and spray.

In medicine, panthenol emulsion is included in a set of measures aimed at eliminating dermatological diseases.

Scope in clinical practice:

• trophic ulcers and bedsores in the regeneration phase;
• granulating burn wounds;
• corneal erosion, keratitis;
• preparation of painful ulcers for autodermoplasty and post-rehabilitation period (to improve engraftment of skin grafts);
• sunburn;
• prevention of radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes (against cancer cells);
• eczema, neurodermatitis;
• abrasions, scratches, cuts;
• diaper rash in children, diaper dermatitis (in pediatrics);
• cracks and irritation of the nipples (during lactation);
• cervical erosion, anal fissures, damage to the vaginal mucosa.

In addition to topical preparations, dexopanthenol for systemic use, developed by the Czech company Dr. Muller Pharma. This drug is produced in capsules, which helps to expand the pharmacodynamics, and as a result, increase the possibilities of the therapeutic use of the substance.

Czech panthenol, unlike analogues used as reparants, has antiallergic, neurotropic, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the "vitamin" lowers blood pressure, improves myocardial contractility and intestinal motility, stimulates carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.

Interaction of calcium pantothenate with other substances

Since pantothenic acid plays a key role in nutrient metabolism, it is important that the nutrient that enters the human body is fully absorbed. To do this, before using it, you should carefully study the scale of compatibility of the substance with other elements:

1. Full assimilation of vitamin B5 occurs only in the presence of thiamine and.
2. Calcium pantothenate enhances the pharmacological properties of cardiac glycosides.
3. The joint intake of pantothenic acid and anti-tuberculosis drugs leads to a weakening of the side effects of the latter substances.
4. Vitamin B5 facilitates the absorption of choline, folic acid and potassium.
5. Antibiotics and sulfonamides disrupt the endogenous synthesis of calcium pantothenate.
6. Caffeine, barbiturates and alcohol halve the concentration of the vitamin in the body.
7. Simultaneous intake of calcium pantothenate, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, cholcalciferol and vitamin B9 leads to a mutual enhancement of the action of nutrients.
8. Copper reduces the pharmacological properties of pantothenic acid.
9. Oral contraceptives destroy the nutrient contained in the body.
10. Taking pantothenic acid and proteolytic enzymes (destroying protein) leads to the "death" of the calcium salt.
11. With a combination of diuretics (diuretics) and vitamin B5, the latter substance is rapidly removed from the body.
12. Calcium pantothenate potentiates the action of drugs that improve intestinal motility.
13. Iron and manganese inhibit nutrient absorption.

Given these nuances, it is easy to draw up a “correct” treatment regimen that will help alleviate the clinical course of the disease, improve the functional state of the affected organs and maintain the immune status of the body. In the presence of severe pathologies, to determine the dosage of vitamin B5, it is important to consult a doctor before taking the nutrient.

Thus, vitamin B5 is the most important component of coenzyme A, which is involved in the processes of acetylation, oxidation, restoration of cell tissues, and BJU metabolism.

It is possible to maintain the optimal amount of pantothenic acid in the body only if a healthy lifestyle is followed. A careless attitude to nutrition, an unbalanced diet leads to a systematic lack of vitamin B5: neither from the intestinal flora, nor from food.

As a result, hypovitaminosis of the compound occurs with the ensuing consequences.