Rules for the operation of pressure vessels. Pressure vessels - new regulations (2018)

Vessels and tanks for storage, transportation of liquefied gases, liquids and loose bodies without pressure, but emptied under pressure over 70 kPa;
- cylinders intended for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure over 70 kPa. The rules do not apply:
for steam and water heating devices;
vessels and cylinders with a capacity of not more than 25 liters, in which the product of the capacity in liters and the working pressure in atmospheres is not more than 200;
parts of machines that are not independent vessels, for example, cylinders of engines of steam and air machines and compressors; non-switchable intermediate coolers and oil-water separators of compressor units, structurally built into the compressor; pump air caps; suspension struts, etc.;
vessels made of non-metallic materials;
tube furnaces, regardless of the diameter of the pipes;
vessels consisting of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm, without collectors, as well as with collectors made of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm;
vessels operating under water pressure with a temperature not exceeding 115 ° C, and pressure vessels of other liquids with a temperature not exceeding the boiling point at a pressure of 70 kPa;

Vessels special purpose military department, as well as vessels intended for installation on sea and river vessels and other floating facilities.
Vessels and their elements operating under pressure are manufactured at enterprises that have the technical means to ensure high quality and full compliance with the requirements of the rules, GOSTs, norms and specifications, and have the permission of the local authorities of Rostekhnadzor of Russia, issued in accordance with the Instruction for Supervision of the Manufacture of Boiler Supervision Objects.
Each vessel is supplied by the manufacturer to the customer with a passport of the established form and instructions for its installation and safe operation. A metal plate with the following passport data is attached to the body of the vessel at the factory: name of the manufacturer; serial number of the vessel; Year of manufacture; operating pressure; test pressure; allowable temperature vessel walls. In addition, passport data must be applied by the manufacturer with an impact or non-impact method on one of the most visible parts of the vessel. Drawing these data with paint is not allowed.
To control the operation and ensure normal operating conditions, the vessels are equipped with devices for measuring pressure (pressure gauges) and medium temperature, safety devices, shut-off valves, and liquid level indicators.
Equipping liquid level indicators is mandatory for vessels heated by flames or hot gases, in which the liquid may drop below the fire heating line, and for vessels filled with liquefied gases, as well as in other cases provided by the project.
Pressure gauges for measuring pressure in vessels have an accuracy class of at least 2.5 with a working pressure measurement limit in the second third of the scale. The permitted maximum pressure in the pressure vessel must be indicated on the pressure gauge with a red line. Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a metal plate to the pressure gauge case, painted red and tightly adjacent to the pressure gauge glass. The pressure gauge is not allowed to be used in cases where there is no seal or brand, the check period is overdue, the pressure gauge needle does not return to the zero mark of the scale when it is turned off, the glass is broken or there are other damages that may affect the correctness of its readings. Checking pressure gauges with their sealing or branding is carried out at least once every 12 months. In addition, at least once every 6 months, the enterprise checks the working pressure gauges with a control pressure gauge, recording the results in the log of control checks. In the absence of a control pressure gauge, an additional check can be carried out with a tested working pressure gauge.
The number of safety valves, their dimensions and throughput must be chosen according to the calculation so that a pressure exceeding the working pressure could not form in the vessel.
Safety valves are installed on branch pipes or pipelines going directly to the vessel in places accessible for inspection. At the same time, the installation stop valves between vessel and safety valve not allowed.
Between the pressure gauge and the vessel, as a rule, a three-way valve or other similar device is installed, and in necessary cases, Besides three-way valve, you must install a siphon tube, oil buffer or other device that protects the pressure gauge from direct impact environment and ensuring its reliable operation. If it is possible to check the pressure gauge by removing it from the intermittent vessel, then the installation of a three-way valve or a device replacing it is not necessary on mobile vessels. On vessels operating under pressure above 2500 kPa (25 kgf / cm 2), or at an ambient temperature above + 25 ° C, or with a highly toxic or explosive environment, instead of a three-way valve, it is allowed to install a separate fitting with a locking device for the second pressure gauge.
In those cases when, under the influence of the medium contained in the vessel or when, due to the nature of production, the safety valve cannot work reliably, the vessel is equipped with a safety plate (membrane) installed in front of the safety valve, provided that between them there is a device that allows you to control the serviceability of the plate. The membrane should burst when the pressure in the vessel rises to 25% above the working pressure.
Shut-off valves installed on the fittings and branch pipes of the vessel and pipeline, which supply gas or liquid to the vessel and discharge from it, must be clearly marked: the name of the manufacturer, nominal diameter of the passage, nominal pressure and direction of the medium flow. On the flywheels of valves, the direction of rotation is indicated when opening and closing them.
Pressure vessels registered with the Rostekhnadzor of Russia are allowed to be installed in open areas, in places that exclude crowds, or in separate buildings. It is allowed to install vessels in rooms adjacent to industrial buildings, provided that they are separated by a main wall. It is strictly forbidden to install vessels registered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia in residential, public and domestic premises, as well as in buildings adjacent to them.
Buried vessels may be installed provided that their walls are protected from corrosion under the influence of soil and stray currents, as well as providing access to the fittings. After installation and registration of the vessel on it (on a special plate with a format of 200 x 150 mm) in a conspicuous place, the following is applied with paint: registration number, permitted pressure, date (month and year) of the next internal inspection and hydraulic test. Vessels to which the Rules apply must be registered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia before being put into operation.
The following are not subject to registration with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia:
- vessels operating under pressure of a non-caustic, non-toxic and non-explosive medium at a wall temperature not exceeding +20 ° C, in which the product of volume in liters and pressure (in atmospheres) does not exceed 10,000, as well as vessels operating under pressure of a caustic, poisonous and explosive atmosphere, at the above temperature, for which this product does not exceed 500;
- refrigerating vessels;
- air tanks electrical switches; vessels included in the system of regulation, lubrication and sealing of turbines, generators and pumps;
- cylinders for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases with a capacity of up to 100 liters, as well as barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases, etc.
All vessels registered and not registered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia are accounted for by their owners in a special book of accounting and examination of vessels stored by the street that supervises the vessels in the organization (at the enterprise).
To register vessels with the Rostekhnadzor authorities of Russia, you must have:
- a written application of the owner of the vessel (administration of the enterprise);
- passport of the vessel of the established form;
- an act certifying that the installation and installation of the vessel was carried out in accordance with the Rules and that the vessel is in good condition;
- a diagram of the inclusion of the vessel indicating the source of pressure, the parameters of its working environment, fittings, instrumentation, means automatic control, safety and blocking devices.
The act must be signed by the management of the organization (enterprise) that performed the relevant work, and the management of the organization (enterprise) - the owner of the vessel.
Permission to put into operation vessels subject to registration is issued by an inspector of Rostekhnadzor of Russia after registration and technical certification these vessels.
Permission to put into operation vessels that are not subject to registration with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia is issued by a person appointed by order of the enterprise to supervise the vessels, based on the results of their technical examination. Permission to put the vessel into operation, indicating the terms of the next technical examination, is recorded in the vessel's passport. The period of technical examination of the vessel is also recorded in the book of registration and examination of vessels.
All vessels covered by the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels are subject to a technical examination (internal inspection and hydraulic test) before being put into operation periodically during operation and ahead of schedule. The technical examination of vessels registered with the supervisory authorities is carried out in the presence of an inspector of Rostekhnadzor of Russia, and those not registered - by a supervisor appointed by order of the enterprise (organization).
During the technical examination, the vessels are subjected to:
- internal inspection, in order to identify the condition of internal and external surfaces and the influence of the environment on the walls of vessels at least once every 4 years;
- hydraulic test with a preliminary internal inspection - at least once every 8 years.
The hydraulic test may be carried out with water or other non-corrosive, non-toxic, non-explosive, non-viscous liquids.
The technical examination of the vessels is carried out by an inspector of Rostekhnadzor of Russia in the presence of a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels or an engineering and technical staff selected by the enterprise administration.
Enterprises - owners of vessels - must produce:
- internal inspection and hydraulic testing of newly installed vessels that are not subject to registration with the supervisory authorities before putting them into operation;
- internal inspection of all vessels (registered and not registered with the supervisory authorities) at least every 2 years, with the exception of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion, which must be subjected to an internal inspection at least every 12 months.
An internal inspection of vessels during a technical examination is carried out in order to identify the condition of the internal and external surfaces and the influence of the medium on the walls of the vessels, and a hydraulic test is carried out to determine the strength and density of the walls, riveted, welded and detachable joints.
It is possible to carry out a hydraulic test of vessels with air or an inert gas, but only if the results of an internal examination are positive and when the strength of the vessels is checked by calculation. At the same time, precautions must be taken: valves on the filling pipeline from the pressure source and pressure gauges must be removed outside the room in which the test vessel is located, and people should be removed to safe places for the duration of testing the vessel with test pressure.
The vessel must be under test pressure for 5 minutes, after which the pressure should be gradually reduced to the working one, at which the vessel is inspected with a check of the tightness of its seams and detachable connections. soapy water or in another way.
Vessels intended for operation at wall temperatures up to +200 ° C must be subjected to a hydraulic test with test pressure:
- 1.5r, but not less than 200 kPa (2 kgf / cm 2) - all vessels, except for cast ones, with a working pressure of less than 500 kPa (5 kgf / cm 2);
- 1.25r, but not less than p + 300 kPa (3 kgf / cm 2) - all vessels, except for cast ones, with a working pressure of more than 500 kPa (5 kgf / cm 2);
- 1.5p, but not less than 300 kPa (3 kgf / cm 2) - cast vessels, regardless of the operating pressure.
Hydraulic testing of enamelled vessels, regardless of the working pressure, is carried out at the pressure indicated in the passport, but not less than the working one.
Hydraulic testing of vessels operating at temperatures from +200 to +400 ° C is carried out at a pressure exceeding the operating pressure by at least 1.5 times, and vessels operating at temperatures above +400 ° C - at a pressure exceeding the operating pressure by at least 2 times.
The vessel is considered to have passed the hydraulic test:
- if leaks and sweating in the welds are not noticed, and during the pneumatic test - the passage of gas;
- if the exit of water through the rivet seams in the form of dust or drops (tears) is not noticed;
- if there are no signs of rupture in the vessel;
- if there are no visible permanent deformations after the test.
All vessels in operation (registered and unregistered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor of Russia) must be subjected to periodic inspection in working condition according to the schedule approved by the chief engineer of the organization. A pressure vessel must be subject to an early technical examination in the following cases:
- if the vessel was dismantled and installed in a new place; if before putting into operation it was inactive for more than 1 year (with the exception of storage conservation, in which the survey is mandatory before putting into operation when stored for more than 3 years);
- after reconstruction and repair using welding or soldering separate parts pressure vessels;
- if such an examination is required by the inspector of Rostekhnadzor of Russia, the person exercising supervision, or the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels;
- before applying a protective coating to the walls of the vessel, if it is carried out on construction site.
The pressure vessel must be stopped in the cases provided for by the instruction, in particular:
- if cracks, bulges, significant thinning of the walls, skipping or sweating in welds, leaks in rivet and bolted joints, rupture of gaskets are found in its main elements;
- if the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other instruments;
- in case of failure of safety valves;
- when the pressure in the vessel exceeds the permitted one, despite compliance with all the requirements specified in the instructions;
- when the liquid level drops below the permissible level, in vessels with fire heating;
- in case of malfunction of the liquid level indicator;
- in case of malfunction of safety blocking devices;
- in the event of a malfunction (or absence) of the control and measuring devices and automation equipment provided for by the project;
- in case of malfunction or incomplete number of fasteners for covers and hatches;
- in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pressure vessel.
In addition, the operation of the vessel should be prohibited if the period of the next survey has expired or if the vessel is serviced by untrained and uncertified personnel.

Lecture 3

purpose and scope of PB-03-576-03 "Rules for the safe operation of pressure vessels". Basic terms. The group of vessels for which not Rules apply.

responsibility of officials for violation of PB-03-576-03 "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels". Monitoring compliance with PB-03-576-03. Requirements for the installation of vessels. The procedure for registration of vessels operating under pressure in the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies. group of vessels, not subject to registration

n purpose and scope of PB -03-576-03 "Rules for the safe operation of pressure vessels". Basic terms. The group of vessels for which not Rules apply.

3.1 Purpose and scope of pb -03-576-03 "Rules for the safe operation of pressure vessels". Basic terms

The main processes of petrochemistry and oil refining are accompanied by increased pressure and high temperature, which imposes additional requirements on the safe operation of the main equipment. The device and operation of this equipment is regulated by PB -03-576-03 "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor on June 11, 2003 and which are mandatory for all ministries, departments, enterprises and organizations.

The obligatory fulfillment of these requirements at the plants of the chemical and petrochemical industries is also determined by the fact that the raw materials at these plants are substances characterized by a high fire and explosion hazard, as well as high toxic and poisonous properties.

PB-03-576-03 establish requirements for the design, construction, manufacture, installation, repair and operation of vessels, tanks, barrels, cylinders operating under pressure.

Vessel- a hermetically sealed container designed for conducting chemical, thermal and other technological processes, as well as for storing and transporting gaseous, liquid and other substances.

The boundary of the vessel is the inlet and outlet fittings.

Tank- a mobile vessel, permanently installed on the frame of a railway car, on the chassis of a car, designed for transportation and storage of gaseous, liquid and other substances.

Barrel- a vessel of a cylindrical or other shape, which can be rolled from one place to another and placed on the ends without additional supports, designed for the transportation and storage of liquid and other substances.

Union- a part intended for connection of technological pipelines, pipeline fittings, instrumentation.

Balloon- a vessel having one or two necks for installing valves, flanges and fittings, designed for transportation, storage and use of compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases under pressure.

All vessels, depending on the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) and the nature of the working environment that is in them, are classified into four groups (table 1.1) .

rules apply to the following vessels:

1) vessels operating under water pressure with a water temperature of 115 °C or another liquid with a temperature exceeding the boiling point at a pressure of 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2) without taking into account hydrostatic pressure;

2) vessels operating under steam or gas pressure over 0.07 MPa

(0.7 kgf / cm 2);

3) cylinders intended for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure over 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2);

4) tanks and barrels intended for transportation and storage of liquefied gases, the vapor pressure of which at temperatures up to 50 °C exceeds the pressure of 0.07 MPa;

5) tanks and vessels intended for transportation or storage of compressed, liquefied gases, liquids and bulk solids, in which pressure above 0.07 MPa is periodically created to empty them:

6) multi-seat pressure chambers.

Table 3.1 - Classification of vessels depending on the design pressure, wall temperature and the nature of the working environment

Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels. Exam questions and answers.

1. Which vessels are covered by the Rules? (1.1.2)
The rules apply to:
vessels operating under water pressure with a temperature above 115°C or other non-toxic, non-flammable and explosive liquids at a temperature exceeding the boiling point at a pressure of 0.07 MPa;
vessels operating under pressure of steam, gas or toxic explosive liquids over 0.07 MPa;
cylinders intended for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure over 0.07 MPa;
tanks and barrels for transportation and storage of compressed and liquefied gases, the vapor pressure of which at temperatures up to 50 ° C exceeds the pressure of 0.07 MPa;
tanks and vessels for transportation or storage of compressed, liquefied gases. liquids and loose bodies, in which pressure above 0.07 MPa is periodically created to empty them;
pressure chambers.

2. Which vessels are not covered by the Rules? (1.1.3)
The rules do not apply to:
vessels of nuclear power plants, as well as vessels working with a radioactive environment;
vessels with a capacity of not more than 25 liters, regardless of pressure, used for scientific and experimental purposes;
vessels and cylinders with a capacity of not more than 25 liters, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 200;
vessels operating under pressure, created during an explosion inside them in accordance with the technological process or combustion in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis;
vessels operating under vacuum;
vessels installed on sea, river vessels and other floating facilities (except for dredges);
vessels installed on airplanes and other aircraft;
air reservoirs for braking equipment of rolling stock of railway transport, cars and other vehicles;
special-purpose vessels of the military department;
steam and water heating devices;
tube furnaces;
vessels consisting of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm without collectors, as well as with collectors made of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm;
parts of machines that are not independent vessels.

3. With which organization should any change in the design be agreed upon, the need for which may arise during the manufacture, installation and repair of pressure vessels? (1.2.3)
With the organization-developer of the project and (or) regulatory documentation for the vessel. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition, it is allowed to coordinate changes in the project and RD with a specialized organization.

4. What organization gives permission to deviate from the Rules? (1.2.5)
Deviation from the Rules may be allowed only in an exceptional case with the permission of Rostekhnadzor of Russia.

5. Who establishes the procedure for investigating accidents and accidents? (1.4.1)
Rostekhnadzor of Russia.

6. Where is the design life of the vessel indicated? (2.1.2)
In the passport of the vessel.

7. What should the design of the internal devices of vessels provide? (2.1.5)
The design of internal devices must ensure the removal of air from the vessel when hydraulic test and water after hydraulic testing.

8. What devices should be on each vessel to control the absence of pressure before opening it? (2.1.7)
Valve, faucet or other device. In this case, the outlet of the medium must be directed to a safe place.

9. What vessels are allowed to be made without hatches and hatches? (2.2.1)
vessels consisting of a cylindrical body and gratings with tubes fixed in them (heat exchangers), and vessels intended for the transportation and storage of cryogenic liquids, as well as vessels intended for working with substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes, but not causing corrosion and scale, it is allowed to manufacture without hatches and hatches, regardless of the diameter of the vessels;
if the vessels have fittings, flange connectors, removable bottoms or covers, the inner diameter of which is not less than those specified for hatches, which ensure the possibility of internal inspection, it is allowed not to provide hatches.

10. At what internal diameter should a vessel have hatches? (2.2.2)
Vessels with an internal diameter of more than 800 mm must have hatches.

11. At what internal diameter should the vessel have hatches? (2.2.2)
Vessels with an internal diameter of 800 mm or less must have hatches.

12. What should be the inner diameter round manhole in vessels? (2.2.3)
The inner diameter of round hatches must be at least 400 mm.

13. What should be the inner diameter of the round hatch in the vessels? (2.2.3)
The inner diameter of round hatches must be at least 80 mm.

14. At what weight of the hatch cover must it be equipped with a lifting and turning device for opening and closing? (2.2.6)
Covers weighing more than 20 kg.

15. Name the value of test pressure during hydraulic testing. (4.6.3)
Hydraulic testing of vessels, with the exception of cast ones, should be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula: Рpr=1.25Р[]20/[]t.

16. When are lap welds allowed? (2.4.1)
The use of overlap welds is allowed for welding reinforcing rings, supporting elements, backing sheets, plates for platforms, stairs, brackets, etc. to the body.

17. Which vessels are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.2.2)
vessels of the 1st group, operating at a wall temperature not exceeding 200°C, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 500, as well as vessels of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th groups, operating at the above temperature, in which the product of pressure and capacity does not exceed 1000;
devices for air separation plants and gas separation, located inside the heat-insulating casing;
tanks of air electric switches;
barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases, cylinders with a capacity of up to 100 inclusive, installed permanently, as well as intended for the transportation and (or) storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;
hydrogen generators used by the hydrometeorological service;
vessels for storage or transportation of liquefied gases, liquids and loose bodies under pressure periodically when they are emptied;
vessels installed in underground mine workings.

18. What material should the vessels and their elements be made of? (3.2)
For the manufacture, installation and repair of vessels and their elements, the basic materials given in Appendix 4 should be used.

19. Who gives permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements?
Permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements is issued by Rostekhnadzor of Russia.

20. Methods for non-destructive testing of welded joints. (4.5.5)
The main types of non-destructive testing of metal and welded joints are:
visual and measuring;
radiographic;
ultrasonic;
radioscopic;
steeloscopy;
hardness measurement;
hydraulic tests;
pneumatic tests.

21. When should a vessel be shut down in an emergency? (7.3.1)
The vessel must be immediately stopped in cases provided for by the operating mode and safe maintenance instructions, in particular:

in case of a malfunction of the pressure gauge and the inability to determine the pressure using other instruments;

in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pressure vessel.

22. What data must be painted on a visible place of the vessel or on a special plate after the issuance of a permit for its operation? (6.4.4)
registration number;
allowed pressure;
day, month and year of the next external and internal inspection and hydraulic test.

23. Which group does a vessel with a design pressure of 2 kgf / cm² and a working medium of chlorine belong to?
To the 1st group (because the working environment is chlorine).

24. In what cases is a pressure gauge not allowed for operation? (5.3.10)
there is no seal or brand with a mark on the verification;
verification period is overdue;
the arrow, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero reading of the scale by an amount exceeding half of the permissible error for this appliance;
the glass is broken or there is damage that may affect the correctness of its readings.

25. What is the value of test pressure during hydraulic testing of a vessel with a working pressure of 0.8 MPa, a design pressure of 1 MPa and a design temperature of 20С?
Rpr \u003d 1.25 Rcalc.x[] 20 / [] t \u003d 1.25 MPa.

26. What working medium can be used to increase the pressure during the hydraulic testing of vessels? (4.6.9)
Water or other liquid (as agreed with the project developer). Usage compressed air or other gas to raise the pressure is not allowed.

27. What water temperature can be during a hydraulic test of vessels? (4.6.9)
Not lower than 5°С and not higher than 40°С, unless a specific temperature value is specified in the technical specifications.

28. Who sets the exposure time of vessels under test pressure? (4.6.12)
Project developer. In the absence of instructions in the project, the exposure time must be at least the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the table.

29. In what cases is the vessel considered to have passed the hydrotest? (4.6.14)
The vessel is considered to have passed the hydraulic test if it is not found:
leaks, cracks, tears, sweating in welded joints and on the base metal;
leaks in detachable connections;
visible residual deformations;
pressure drop on the pressure gauge.

30. In what case is it allowed to replace a hydraulic test with a pneumatic one? (4.6.17)
Subject to the control of pneumatic testing by the method of acoustic emission or other agreed in in due course method.

31. What is supplied by the manufacturer with a vessel passport? (4.9.1)
The instruction manual is attached to the passport.

32. What is put on the plate attached to the vessel after its manufacture? (4.9.3)


Year of manufacture;
working pressure, MPa;
design pressure, MPa;
test pressure, MPa;
the mass of the vessel.

33. What devices should be equipped with a vessel to control its operation and ensure safe conditions operation? (5.1.1)
The vessel must be equipped with:
shut-off or shut-off and control valves;
instruments for measuring pressure;
instruments for measuring temperature;
safety devices;
liquid level indicators.

34. What data should be printed on the valve body? (5.2.2.)
The fittings must have the following marking:
name or trademark of the manufacturer;
conditional pass;
conditional pressure;
medium flow direction;
case material grade.

35. What device should have a vessel for explosive flammable substances in the supply line from a pump or compressor? (5.2.5)
Must have a non-return valve, automatically closed by pressure from the vessel. check valve must be installed between the pump (compressor) and the stop valves of the vessel.

36. With what nominal bore should reinforcement made of alloyed steels or non-ferrous metals have a passport? (5.2.6)
With a conditional passage of more than 20 mm.

37. What accuracy class should have pressure gauges at an operating pressure in the vessel up to 25 kgf / cm²? (5.3.2)
Accuracy class not lower than 2.5.

38. What accuracy class should have manometers at a working pressure in the vessel over 25 kgf / cm²? (5.3.2)
Accuracy class not lower than 1.5.

39. Select a manometer for a vessel with a working pressure of 8 kgf / cm².
Accuracy class not lower than 2.5.

40. What should be the nominal diameter of the pressure gauge body installed at a height of up to 2 m? (5.3.6)
Not less than 100 mm.

41. What should be the nominal diameter of the pressure gauge body, installed at a height of 2 to 3 m? (5.3.6)
Not less than 160 mm.

42. At what maximum height from the level of the observation site is it not allowed to install pressure gauges (5.3.6)?
At a height of more than 3 m.

43. How many positions does a three-way valve have?
Five positions.

44. Frequency of checking pressure gauges with their sealing and / or branding? (5.3.11)

45. Frequency of checking working pressure gauges using a control pressure gauge? (5.3.11)
At least once every 6 months.

46. ​​What devices are used to protect against pressure increase above allowable value and installed on pressure vessels? (5.5.1, 5.5.2)
Safety devices:

47. On which vessels the installation of lever-weight valves is not allowed? (5.5.2)
on mobile vessels.

48. What should a vessel designed for pressure less than the pressure of the supply source have on the supply pipeline? (5.5.6)
Automatic reducing device with pressure gauge and safety device installed on the lower pressure side after the reducing device.

49. How can an automatic reducing device be replaced if it cannot work reliably due to the physical properties of the working medium? (5.5.8)
The flow regulator, while protection against pressure increase must be provided.

50. In what places is it not allowed to install reinforcement? (5.5.14)
The installation of shut-off valves between the vessel and the safety device, as well as behind it, is not allowed.

51. What documents determine the procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of safety valves, depending on the conditions technological process?(5.5.25)
Operating Instructions safety devices approved by the owner of the vessel in the prescribed manner.

52. What is the procedure and timing for checking safety valves? (5.5.25)
The procedure and terms for checking safety valves are established in the operating instructions for safety devices approved by the owner of the vessel in the prescribed manner.

53. How many level indicators are installed on vessels heated by flames or hot gases? (5.6.3)
At least two direct action level indicators.

54. In what places is it not allowed to install vessels? (6.1.3)
In residential, public and household buildings, as well as in the premises adjacent to them.

55. What devices should be installed or used for convenient maintenance of vessels? (6.1.5)
Platforms and stairs, as well as cradles and other devices.

56. What documentation is required to register a vessel? (6.2.3)
passport of the established form;
vessel connection scheme;
passport of the safety valve with the calculation of its throughput.

57. When should a vessel be re-registered? (6.2.5)
when moving the vessel to a new place;
when transferring the vessel to another owner;
when making changes to the scheme of its inclusion.

58. When are pressure vessels subject to technical inspection, excluding extraordinary? (6.3.1)
Vessels covered by the Rules must be subject to technical examination after installation, before commissioning, periodically during operation.

59. Who sets the scope, methods and frequency of technical examination of vessels (except for cylinders)? (6.3.2)
Determined by the manufacturer and indicated in the instruction manual.

60. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of more than 0.1 mm per year and which are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 12 months, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.

61. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of not more than 0.1 mm per year and not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 2 years, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.

62. What is the frequency of technical examination of tanks and barrels in which pressure over 0.7 kgf / cm² is periodically created for their emptying, which are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3)
External and internal inspections - once every 2 years, hydraulic test - once every 8 years.

63. Who conducts periodic inspection of vessels registered with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
Specialist of an organization licensed by Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation to conduct an industrial safety review technical devices(vessels).

64. Who conducts an extraordinary technical examination of vessels registered with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
Specialist of an organization licensed by Rostekhnadzor of Russia to conduct an industrial safety review of technical devices (vessels).

65. Who carries out periodic survey of vessels not registered with Rostekhnadzor? (6.3.3)
The person responsible for exercising production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements in the operation of pressure vessels.

66. What is the purpose of external and internal inspection of vessels? (6.3.4)
External and internal examinations are aimed at:
during the initial survey, check that the vessel is installed and equipped in accordance with the Rules and documents submitted during registration, and that the vessel and its elements are not damaged.;
during periodic and extraordinary surveys, establish the serviceability of the vessel and the possibility of its further operation.

67. What is the purpose of hydraulic testing? (6.3.4)
The hydraulic test is intended to check the strength of the elements of the vessel and the tightness of the joints.

68. What work should be carried out before internal inspection and hydraulic testing? (6.3.5)
Before internal inspection and hydraulic testing, the vessel must be stopped, cooled (warmed), freed from the working medium filling it, disconnected by plugs from all pipelines connecting the vessel to a pressure source or to other vessels. Metal vessels must be cleaned down to metal.

69. In what cases is an extraordinary survey of vessels in operation carried out? (6.3.6)
if the vessel has not been used for more than 12 months;
if the vessel was dismantled and installed in a new place;
if bulges or dents have been corrected, as well as reconstruction or repair of the vessel using welding or soldering of pressure elements;
before applying a protective coating to the walls of the vessel;
after an accident of a vessel or elements working under pressure, if such a survey is required by the scope of restoration work;
at the request of the GGTN inspector or the person responsible for supervising the implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of pressure vessels.

70. Where are the results of the technical examination of vessels recorded? (6.3.8)
In the passport of the vessel by the person who carried out the survey, indicating the permitted parameters of operation of the vessel and the timing of the next surveys.

71. Cases emergency stop vessel. (7.3.1)
if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;
when a malfunction of safety devices against pressure increase is detected;
upon detection of leaks, bulges, rupture of gaskets in the vessel and its elements working under pressure;
when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating;
in case of failure of all liquid level indicators;
in case of malfunction of safety interlocks;

72. How long is the vessel under test pressure during periodic technical examination? (6.3.19)
The vessel shall be under test pressure for 5 min, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.

73. How many days in advance must the administration of the enterprise notify the specialists of the enterprise about the readiness to survey the vessels? (6.3.21)
Not later than 5 days.

74. Who gives permission to commission a vessel subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.4.1)
Inspector of Rostekhnadzor after registration of the vessel on the basis of technical examination and inspection of the organization of maintenance and supervision.

75. Who gives permission to commission a vessel that is not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor? (6.4.2)
A person appointed by an organization order to exercise production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements in the operation of pressure vessels, based on the manufacturer's documentation after technical examination and verification of the maintenance organization.

76. Where is the permission to put the vessel into service recorded? (6.4.3)
Permission to put the vessel into operation is recorded in its passport.

77. What type of welding work can be performed by a welder? (4.3.3)
Welders can perform welding work of the types indicated in their certificate.

78. How many groups are the vessels divided into depending on the design pressure and the nature of the working environment? (4.5.2)
For 4 groups.

79. What is the frequency of checking the knowledge of personnel servicing pressure vessels? (7.2.4)
At least once every 12 months.

80. In what cases is an extraordinary check of knowledge of the staff performed? (7.2.4)
when moving to another organization;
in the event of a change in the instruction on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of the vessel;
at the request of the inspector of Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation.

81. In what case is it allowed to repair a vessel in working order? (7.4.3)
Repair of vessels and their elements under pressure is not allowed.

82. What should be the voltage of lamps when working inside the vessel? (7.4.6)
Not higher than 12 V.

83. In what cases is it prohibited to fill tanks and barrels with gases? (9.1.21)
missing or faulty fittings or instrumentation;
tanks or barrels do not contain the gas for which they are intended.

84. At what capacity should cylinders for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases be provided with a passport of the established form? (10.1.3)
With a capacity of more than 100 liters.

85. What thread should the side fittings of valves for cylinders filled with hydrogen and other combustible gases have? (10.1.6)
Left thread.

86. What data is stamped on the upper spherical part of the cylinders? (10.1.9)
manufacturer's trademark;
balloon number;
actual mass of an empty cylinder (kg);
date (month, year) of manufacture and year of the next survey;
operating pressure;
trial hydraulic pressure;
cylinder capacity (l);
mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
standard number for cylinders with a capacity of more than 55 liters.

87. Who authorizes inspection of cylinders? (10.2.1)
Issued by the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.

88. How far should gas cylinders be from heating radiators? (10.3.4)
Not less than 1 m.

89. What device is needed to release gases into containers with lower pressure? (10.3.6)
Reducer designed for this gas and painted in the appropriate color.

90. What passport data is applied by the manufacturer on the plate of the vessel? (4.9.3)
The plate must bear:
trademark or manufacturer's name;
name or designation of the vessel;
serial number vessels according to the manufacturer's numbering system;
Year of manufacture;
working pressure, MPa;
design pressure, MPa;
test pressure, MPa;
permissible maximum and (or) minimum working temperature of the wall;
the mass of the vessel.

91. Who controls compliance with the Rules? (11.1)
Rostekhnadzor bodies by conducting periodic surveys of manufacturing organizations, design, commissioning, installation, repair and diagnostic organizations.

92. What fittings should the tank be equipped with? (9.1.11)
valves with siphon tubes for draining and filling the medium;
a valve for releasing vapors from the top of the tank;
spring safety valve;
fitting for connecting a pressure gauge;
liquid level indicator.

93. How many welded joints of vessels and their elements are subject to visual and measurement control? (4.5.17)
All welded joints of vessels and their elements.

94. By what value is the pressure in the vessel allowed to exceed after the safety valve has been triggered? (5.5.9)
Not more than 25% of the working pressure, provided that this excess is provided for by the project and is reflected in the vessel's passport.

95. For what purpose and when is technical diagnostics of vessels carried out and what is its program? (6.3.24)
Technical diagnostics is carried out in the following. cases:
at the end of the estimated service life of the vessel;
in the event of an accident of pressure vessels;
in the event of detection during the operation of vessels operating under pressure, defects that cast doubt on the strength of the structure, or defects, the cause of which is difficult to establish.
Technical diagnostics aims to determine the residual life, as well as the scope, methods and frequency of technical examination for the above cases.

96. Choice of the manometer installed on a vessel.
The manometer mounted on the vessel is selected depending on the pressure in the vessel and the height from the viewing platform.

97. Which enterprises can manufacture, reconstruct, install, adjust and repair vessels and their elements? (4.1.1)
Manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment and repair of vessels and their elements must be carried out by specialized organizations that have technical means required for quality work.

98. Where is it allowed to install vessels?
in premises adjacent to industrial buildings, provided that they are separated from the building by a main wall;
in industrial premises in cases stipulated by industry safety rules;
with penetration into the ground, provided that access to the reinforcement is provided and the walls of the vessel are protected from soil corrosion and corrosion by stray currents.

99. The procedure for preparing the vessel for repair.
Before repair, the vessel must be stopped, cooled (warmed), freed from the working medium filling it, disconnected by plugs from all pipelines connecting the vessel to a pressure source or to other vessels. Disconnected pipes must be plugged. Plugs installed between flanges must have a protruding part (shank). Metal vessels must be cleaned down to metal.

100. What passport data is stamped on tanks and barrels by the manufacturer?
manufacturer's name or trademark;
number of the tank, barrel;
year of manufacture and date of examination;
capacity;
mass;
the value of the working and test pressure;
mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
date of the conducted and next examination.

101. To which group of vessels does a vessel with a design pressure of 18 kgf / cm², a wall temperature of 200 ° C and a working medium - water belong?
To the 3rd group.

102. Under what conditions is it not necessary to install a safety valve and pressure gauge on a vessel?
If the working pressure of the vessel is equal to or greater than the pressure of the supply source and the possibility of pressure increase from chemical reaction or heating, it is not necessary to install a safety valve and pressure gauge on it.

103. The value of the test pressure during a hydraulic test of the vessel. (4.6.3)

104. What color is the body of the oxygen manometer painted in?
In blue.

105. What is the central angle of the conical unflared bottoms?
No more than 45º.

106. What is the value of the test pressure during a hydraulic test at the manufacturer's plant of a vessel made of casting with a design pressure of 16 MPa and a temperature of +20ºС?
Rpr \u003d 1.5R \u003d 1.5 x 16 \u003d 24 MPa.

107. In what cases should the operation of vessels be prohibited?
if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;
when a malfunction of safety devices against pressure increase is detected;
upon detection of leaks, bulges, rupture of gaskets in the vessel and its elements working under pressure;
if the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other instruments;
when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating;
in case of failure of all liquid level indicators;
in case of malfunction of safety interlocks;
in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pressure vessel.

108. Where should the organization register the imprint of the hallmark?
In the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.

109. What is the responsibility of the person responsible for supervision technical condition and operation of vessels?
The Supervisor is obliged to:
inspect vessels in working condition and check compliance established regimes during their operation;
carry out technical inspection of vessels;
exercise control over the preparation and timely presentation of vessels for examination to the inspector of Rostekhnadzor;
keep a book of records of examination of vessels;
control the fulfillment of the instructions issued by him and the instructions of the Rostekhnadzor bodies;
control the timeliness and completeness of scheduled preventive repairs of vessels, as well as compliance with the Rules during repair work;
verify compliance established by the Rules the procedure for allowing workers to service vessels, as well as participate in commissions for certification and periodic testing of knowledge of engineers and maintenance personnel;
check the issuance of instructions to service personnel, as well as the availability of instructions at the workplace;
check the correctness of maintaining technical documentation during the operation and repair of vessels;
participate in surveys and technical examinations of vessels conducted by the inspector of Rostekhnadzor.

110. What should be the angle of inclination of the transition surfaces with different thickness walls in butt welds? (2.4.8)
The angle of inclination of the surfaces should not exceed 20º.

111. What should be the residual pressure in the cylinder after the release of the gas in it? (10.3.5)
The residual pressure in the cylinder must be at least 0.05 MPa.

112. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of not more than 0.1 mm per year registered with the Rostekhnadzor bodies by the person responsible for supervision and a specialist of the organization? (6.3.2)
At least once every 2 years.

113. Who gives permission for the manufacture of pressure vessels and their elements?
Rostekhnadzor RF.

114. When is the condition of the porous mass in acetylene cylinders checked?
At least after 24 months at filling stations.

115. What is the test pressure of the cylinders set by the manufacturer? (10.2.2)
The test pressure must be at least one and a half working pressure.

116. In what cases is it forbidden to fill cylinders with gas? (10.3.11)
It is forbidden to fill with gas cylinders in which:
the term of the appointed examination has expired;
the period for checking the porous mass has expired;
the cylinder body is damaged;
valves are faulty;
there is no proper coloring or lettering;
there is no excess gas pressure;
no established marks.

117. What is the frequency of technical examination of vessels operating with a medium that causes metal corrosion at a rate of more than 0.1 mm per year registered with the Rostekhnadzor bodies by a supervisory officer and a specialist of the organization? (6.3.2)
External and internal examination once every 12 months.

118. What devices can be installed on vessels if it is necessary to control a liquid that has an interface between media? (5.6.1)
If it is necessary to control the liquid level in vessels with an interface between media, liquid level indicators should be used.

119. The order of registration of vessels in the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
Registration of a vessel is made on the basis of a written application of the owner of the vessel. For registration must be submitted:
passport of the established form;
installation quality certificate;
switching circuit;
safety valve certificate.
The Rostekhnadzor body is obliged to consider the submitted documentation within 5 days. If the documentation for the vessel complies with the requirements of the Rules, the Rostekhnadzor body puts a registration stamp in the vessel passport, seals the documents and returns them to the owner of the vessel. Refusal to register is communicated to the owner in writing indicating the reasons for the refusal and with reference to the relevant paragraphs of the Rules.

120. What duties are assigned to the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels?
Responsible must:
inspect vessels in working condition at intervals established by the management of the enterprise;
daily check the entries in the shift journal with a signature in it;
work with staff to improve their qualifications;
participate in technical examinations of vessels;
store passports of vessels and manufacturers' instructions for their installation and operation;
keep records of the operating time of loading cycles of vessels operated in a cyclic mode.

121. What does the company knock out on the cylinder after the examination of the cylinders? (10.2.8)
Round stamp with a diameter of 12 mm; the date of the conducted and next examination.

122. What should be installed between the manometer and the vessel? (5.3.7)
Between the pressure gauge and the vessel, a three-way valve or a device replacing it should be installed, which allows periodic checking of the pressure gauge using a control one.

123. What devices should be used on vessels as safety devices? (5.5.2)
The following are used as safety devices:
spring safety valves;
lever-load safety valves;
impulse safety devices (IPU);
membrane safety devices.

124. What is the scope of control by ultrasonic flaw detection or radiographic method of butt, corner, tee and other joints for vessels of the 3rd group? (4.5.24)
Not less than 50%.

125. When is the inspection of acetylene cylinders carried out?
At least after 5 years at filling stations.

126. On the basis of what regulatory documents is certification of welders carried out? (4.3.3)
Welders certified in accordance with the Rules for the certification of welders and specialists are allowed to carry out welding work. welding production(PB 03-273-99), approved by the resolution of the State Treasury of the Russian Federation of October 30, 1998 No. 63, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 4, 1999, reg. No. 1721.

127. Methods of destructive testing of welded joints. (4.5.39)
Control of mechanical properties, testing for resistance to intergranular corrosion and metallographic examination of welded joints should be carried out on samples made from control welded joints.

128. What diameter should be the hatch in the upper part of the railway tank?
Not less than 450 mm.

129. What rights does the person responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of vessels have?
The Supervisor has the right to:
issue instructions to eliminate violations that are binding on the heads and engineers of workshops and departments of the enterprise;
submit proposals to the management of the enterprise to eliminate the causes that give rise to violations;
if untrained persons are identified among the service personnel, as well as persons who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge, demand their removal from servicing vessels;
submit proposals to the management of the enterprise on bringing to responsibility the engineers and service personnel who violate the Rules and instructions.

"On approval of the Rules for the design and safe operation of vessels,
working under pressure

Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia decides:
1. Approve the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels.
2. Submit the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels for state registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

Head of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia
V.M. Kulechev

RULES FOR THE DEVICE AND SAFE OPERATION OF VESSELS,
PRESSURED

PB 03-576-03

The rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels establish requirements for the design, construction, manufacture of reconstruction, adjustment, installation, repair, technical diagnostics and operation of vessels, tanks, barrels, cylinders, pressure chambers operating under excessive pressure.
In preparing this edition of the Rules, the comments and suggestions of ministries, departments, research institutes, industrial enterprises and other interested organizations.

I. General provisions

1.1. Scope and purpose of the Rules

1.1.1. The Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) establish requirements for the design, construction, manufacture, reconstruction, adjustment, installation, repair, technical diagnostics and operation of vessels, tanks, barrels, cylinders, pressure chambers operating under overpressure(1).
The requirements for installation and repair are similar to the requirements for the manufacture of vessels.
1.1.2. The rules apply to:
vessels operating under water pressure with a temperature above 115°C or other non-toxic, non-flammable and explosive liquids at a temperature exceeding the boiling point at a pressure of 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2);
vessels operating under pressure of steam, gas or toxic explosive liquids over 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2);
cylinders intended for transportation and storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure over 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2);
tanks and barrels for transportation and storage of compressed and liquefied gases, the vapor pressure of which at temperatures up to 50°C exceeds the pressure of 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2);
tanks and vessels for transportation or storage of compressed, liquefied gases, liquids and loose bodies, in which pressure above 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) is periodically created to empty them;
pressure chambers.
1.1.3. The rules do not apply to:
vessels of nuclear power plants, as well as vessels working with a radioactive environment;
vessels with a capacity of not more than 0.025 m3 (25 l), regardless of pressure, used for scientific and experimental purposes. When determining the capacity, the volume occupied by the lining, pipes and other internal devices is excluded from the total capacity of the vessel. A group of vessels, as well as vessels consisting of separate bodies and interconnected by pipes with an internal diameter of more than 100 mm, are considered as one vessel;
vessels and cylinders with a capacity of not more than 0.025 m3 (25 l), in which the product of pressure in MPa (kgf / cm2) and capacity in m3 (liters) does not exceed 0.02 (200);
vessels operating under pressure, created during an explosion inside them in accordance with the technological process or combustion in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis;
vessels operating under vacuum;
vessels installed on sea, river vessels and other floating facilities (except for dredges);
vessels installed on airplanes and other aircraft;
air reservoirs for brake equipment of rolling stock of railway transport, cars and other vehicles;
special-purpose vessels of the military department;
steam and water heating devices;
tube furnaces;
vessels consisting of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm without collectors, as well as with collectors made of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm;
parts of machines that are not independent vessels (cases of pumps or turbines, cylinders of engines of steam, hydraulic, air machines and compressors).

1.2. Design

1.2.1. Projects of vessels and their elements (including spare parts for them), as well as projects for their installation or reconstruction, must be carried out by specialized organizations.
1.2.2. Managers and specialists involved in the design, manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment, repair, diagnostics and operation of vessels must be certified for knowledge of the Rules in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for training and certification of employees of organizations engaged in activities in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities, controlled by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated April 30, 2002 No. 21 and registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 31, 2002 reg. No. 1706.
1.2.3. Projects and specifications for the manufacture of vessels must be agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.
Project changes and normative documents, the need for which may arise during the manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment, repair or operation, must be agreed with the organization - the developer of the project and (or) regulatory documentation (hereinafter referred to as RD) for the vessel. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition, it is allowed to coordinate changes in the project and RD with a specialized organization.
1.2.4. When designing vessels used in the chemical industries, the requirements of the General Industrial Safety Rules for organizations operating in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities, approved by the Resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated October 18, 2002 No. . No. 3968.
1.2.5. Deviation from the Rules can be allowed only in exceptional cases with the permission of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. To obtain a permit, it is necessary to provide the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia with an appropriate justification, and, if necessary, also a conclusion of a specialized or expert organization. A copy of the permission to deviate from these Rules must be attached to the vessel's passport (Appendix 2).

1.3. Responsibility for violation of these Rules

Rules are binding on all officials, specialists, employees involved in the design, manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment, repair, technical diagnostics and operation of vessels. Persons who violated these Rules are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.4. Procedure for Investigation of Accidents and Accidents

1.4.1. Investigation of accidents and accidents related to the operation of pressure vessels must be carried out in the manner established by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
1.4.2. About each accident, fatal or group accident that is associated with the maintenance of pressure vessels registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies, their owner is obliged to notify the Gosgortekhnadzor body and other organizations in accordance with the procedure established by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
1.4.3. Before the arrival of a representative of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia to investigate the circumstances and causes of an accident or an accident, the administration of the organization is obliged to ensure the safety of the entire situation of the accident (accident), if this does not endanger people's lives and does not cause further development of the accident.

II. Vessel design

2.1. General requirements

2.1.1. The design of the vessels must ensure the reliability and safety of operation during the estimated service life and provide for the possibility of technical examination, cleaning, washing, complete emptying, purging, repair, operational control of metal and joints.
2.1.2. For each vessel, the estimated service life must be established and indicated in the passport, taking into account the operating conditions.
2.1.3. Devices that prevent external and internal inspection of vessels (mixers, coils, shirts, plates, partitions and other devices) should, as a rule, be removable.
When using welded devices, it should be possible to remove them for external and internal inspections and subsequent installation in place. The procedure for removal and installation of these devices should be specified in the operating manual of the vessel.
2.1.4. If the design of the vessel does not allow external and internal inspections or hydraulic testing as provided for by the requirements of the Rules, the developer of the vessel design in the operation manual must indicate the methodology, frequency and scope of control, the implementation of which will ensure the timely detection and elimination of defects. In the absence of such instructions in the manual, the methodology, frequency and scope of control are determined by a specialized organization.
2.1.5. The design of internal devices must ensure the removal of air from the vessel during a hydraulic test and water after a hydraulic test.
2.1.6. Vessels must have fittings for filling and draining water, as well as for removing air during a hydraulic test.
2.1.7. Each vessel must be provided with a valve, cock or other device that allows monitoring the absence of pressure in the vessel before opening it; in this case, the outlet of the medium must be directed to a safe place.
2.1.8. The calculation of the strength of vessels and their elements must be carried out according to the RD, agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. Vessels intended for operation under conditions of cyclic and alternating loads must be designed for strength taking into account these loads.
In the absence of a normative method, the strength calculation must be carried out according to the methodology agreed with a specialized research organization.
2.1.9. Vessels that change their position in space during operation must have devices that prevent them from tipping over.
2.1.10. The design of vessels heated by hot gases must ensure reliable cooling of the walls under pressure to the design temperature.
2.1.11. To check the quality of welding of rings that reinforce holes for hatches, manholes and fittings, there must be a threaded control hole in the ring if it is welded from the outside, or in the wall if the ring is welded to inside vessel.
This requirement also applies to linings or other reinforcing elements welded to the outside of the hull.
Non-pressure external blinds (e.g. linings) must have drainage holes at the lowest points.
2.1.12. Grounding and electrical equipment vessels must comply with the rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers and the safety rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Hatches, hatches, covers

2.2.1. Vessels must be equipped with the required number of hatches and inspection hatches to ensure inspection, cleaning and repair of vessels, as well as installation and dismantling of collapsible internal devices.
Vessels consisting of a cylindrical body and gratings with tubes fixed in them (heat exchangers), and vessels intended for the transportation and storage of cryogenic liquids, as well as vessels intended for working with substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes according to GOST 12.1. 007-76, but not causing corrosion and scale, it is allowed to manufacture without hatches and hatches, regardless of the diameter of the vessels, provided that the requirements of clause 2.1.4 of the Rules are met.
2.2.2. Vessels with an internal diameter of more than 800 mm must have hatches, and with an internal diameter of 800 mm or less - hatches.
2.2.3. The inner diameter of round hatches must be at least 400 mm. The clear dimensions of oval hatches along the smallest and largest axes must be at least 325400 mm.
The inner diameter of round hatches or the size along the smallest axis of oval hatches must be at least 80 mm.
2.2.4. Hatches, hatches must be located in places accessible for maintenance. Requirements for the device, location and maintenance of viewing windows in pressure chambers are determined by the design organization and are specified in the manufacturer's installation and operation instructions.
2.2.5. Manhole covers must be removable. Weld-on lids are allowed on vacuum insulated vessels.
2.2.6. Lids weighing more than 20 kg must be equipped with lift-turn or other devices for opening and closing them.
2.2.7. The design of hinged or plug-in bolts, clamps, as well as clamping devices for hatches, covers and their flanges must prevent their spontaneous shift.
2.2.8. If the vessels have fittings, flange connectors, removable bottoms or covers, the inner diameter of which is not less than those specified for hatches in paragraph 2.2.3 of the Rules, which ensure the possibility of internal inspection, it is allowed not to provide hatches.

2.3. Bottoms of vessels

2.3.1. The following bottoms are used in vessels: elliptical, hemispherical, torospherical, spherical non-flared, conical flanged, conical non-flared, flat flanged, flat non-flared.
2.3.2. Elliptical bottoms must have the height of the convex measured at inner surface, not less than 0.2 inner diameter of the bottom. It is allowed to reduce this value in agreement with a specialized research organization.
2.3.3. Torospheric (box) bottoms must have:
the height of the convex part, measured along the inner surface, is not less than 0.2 of the inner diameter;
the inner radius of the flanging is not less than 0.1 of the inner diameter of the bottom;
the inner radius of curvature of the central part is not more than the inner diameter of the bottom.
2.3.4. Spherical non-beaded bottoms can be used with welded flanges, while:
the inner radius of the bottom sphere must not exceed the inner diameter of the vessel;
the welded connection of the flange with the bottom is carried out with continuous penetration.
2.3.5. In welded convex bottoms, with the exception of hemispherical ones, consisting of several parts with welds arranged along the chord, the distance from the axis of the weld to the center of the bottom should be no more than 1/5 of the inner diameter of the bottom.
Circular seams of convex bottoms should be located from the center of the bottom at a distance of not more than 1/3 of the inner diameter of the bottom.
2.3.6. Conical unflared bottoms shall have a central angle of not more than 45°. The central angle of the conical bottom can be increased according to the conclusion of a specialized research organization for apparatus engineering.
2.3.7. Flat bottoms with an annular groove and a cylindrical part (side), made by mechanical boring, must be made from forgings. It is allowed to manufacture a flanged flat bottom from a sheet, if the flange is performed by stamping or rolling the edge of the sheet with a bend of 90 °.
2.3.8. For flanged and transitional elements of vessels, with the exception of convex bottoms, compensators and elongated necks for welding fittings, the distance l from the beginning of the rounding of the flanged element to the flanged edge, depending on the thickness s of the wall of the flanged element, must be at least indicated in Table. one.

Table 1

Beaded wall thickness
element s, mm Distance to flanged edge l,
mm, not less
Up to 5 15
Over 5 to 10 2s + 5
Over 10 to 20s+15
Over 20 to 150s/2+25
Over 150 100

2.4. Welds and their location

2.4.1. When welding shells and pipes, welding bottoms to shells, butt welds with full penetration should be used.
Allowed are welded joints in T-bars and corner joints with full penetration for welding flat bottoms, flat flanges, tube sheets, fittings, hatches, jackets.
The use of overlap welds is allowed for welding reinforcing rings, supporting elements, backing sheets, plates for platforms, stairs, brackets, etc. to the body.
2.4.2. Structural clearance in fillet and tee welded joints is allowed in cases provided for by RD, agreed in the prescribed manner.
2.4.3. Welded seams must be available for control during the manufacture, installation and operation of vessels, provided for by the requirements of the Rules, relevant standards and specifications.
2.4.4. The longitudinal seams of adjacent shells and the seams of the bottoms of the vessels must be offset relative to each other by three times the thickness of the thickest element, but not less than 100 mm between the axes of the seams.
These seams may not be displaced relative to each other in vessels designed to operate under a pressure of not more than 1.6 MPa (16 kgf / cm2) and a wall temperature of not more than 400 ° C, with a nominal wall thickness of not more than 30 mm, provided that these the seams are made by automatic or electroslag welding and the intersections of the seams are controlled by radiography or ultrasonic flaw detection in the amount of 100%.
2.4.5. When welding to the body of the vessel, internal and external devices(supporting elements, plates, shirts, partitions, etc.) it is allowed to intersect these welds with the butt welds of the body, subject to a preliminary check of the overlapping section of the seam of the body by radiographic control or ultrasonic flaw detection.
2.4.6. In the case of welding supports or other elements to the vessel body, the distance between the edge of the welded seam of the vessel and the edge of the welding seam of the element shall be not less than the wall thickness of the vessel body, but not less than 20 mm.
For vessels made of carbon and low-alloy manganese and manganese-silicon steels (Appendix 3) subjected to heat treatment after welding, regardless of the thickness of the body wall, the distance between the edge of the welded seam of the vessel and the edge of the welding seam of the element must be at least 20 mm.
2.4.7. In horizontal vessels, local overlapping of annular (transverse) welds with saddle supports is allowed on a total length of not more than 0.35  D, and in the presence of a backing sheet - no more than 0.5  D, where D - outside diameter vessel. In this case, the overlapped sections of welds along the entire length must be checked by radiography or ultrasonic flaw detection. Overlapping of the intersections of the seams is not allowed.
2.4.8. In butt welded joints of vessel elements with different wall thicknesses, a smooth transition from one element to another should be ensured by gradually thinning the edge of the thicker element. The angle of inclination of the transition surfaces must not exceed 20°.
If the difference in the thickness of the connected elements is not more than 30% of the thickness of the thin element and does not exceed 5 mm, then the use of welds is allowed without preliminary thinning of the thick element. The shape of the seams should ensure a smooth transition from a thick element to a thin one.
When joining a cast part with parts made of pipes, rolled products or forgings, it must be taken into account that the nominal design thickness of the cast part is 25 - 40% more than the similar design wall thickness of the element made of pipes, rolled products or forgings, so the transition from a thick element to a thin one must be made in such a way so that the thickness of the end of the casting is not less than the design value.

2.5. The location of holes in the walls of blood vessels

2.5.1. Holes for hatches, hatches and fittings should be located, as a rule, outside the welds.
Hole positions allowed:
on longitudinal seams of cylindrical and conical shells of vessels, if the nominal diameter of the holes is not more than 150 mm;
on the circumferential seams of cylindrical and conical shells of vessels without limiting the diameter of the holes;
on the seams of convex bottoms without limiting the diameter of the holes, subject to 100% check of the welds of the bottoms by radiography or ultrasonic flaw detection.
2.5.2. On toruspheric (box) bottoms, the location of holes is allowed only within the central spherical segment. In this case, the distance from the center of the bottom to the outer edge of the hole, measured along the chord, should not exceed 0.4D (D is the outer diameter of the bottom).

G) cases requiring the immediate stop of the vessel, provided for by these FNP, as well as others, due to the specifics of the operation of the vessel. The procedure for emergency shutdown and pressure reduction to atmospheric pressure is set depending on the specific scheme for switching on the vessel and the technological process;

h) the procedure for personnel in the event of an accident or incident;

I) the procedure for maintaining a shift log (registration of the acceptance and delivery of duty, verification of the record by a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessel).

303. In production instructions on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of autoclaves with quick-release lids, instructions should be additionally included on:

A) the procedure for using the key-mark and the lock;

B) permissible rates of heating and cooling of the autoclave and methods of their control;

C) the procedure for monitoring the thermal movements of the autoclave and monitoring the absence of pinching of the movable supports;

D) control over the continuous removal of condensate.

304. The management of the operating organization must approve the scheme for switching on the vessel, indicating: pressure source; parameters; working environment; fittings, control and measuring devices, means of automatic control; safety and blocking devices. Schemes for switching on vessels should be at the workplace.

305. When operating vessels heated by hot gases, it is necessary to ensure reliable cooling of the walls under pressure, preventing the wall temperature from exceeding the permissible values.

306. In order to exclude the possibility of putting into operation vessels (autoclaves) with quick-release lids when the lid is not completely closed and opened when there is pressure in the vessel, it is necessary to equip such vessels with locks with a brand key. The order of storage and use of the key-mark should be reflected in the production instructions for the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels.

307. When operating a vessel with a working pressure up to 2.5 MPa inclusive, it is necessary to use direct-acting pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 2.5, and at a working pressure of more than 2.5 MPa, the accuracy class of the applied pressure gauges must be at least 1.5.

308. On the pressure gauge scale, the owner of the vessel must put a red line indicating the working pressure in the vessel. Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a plate (made of metal or other material of sufficient strength) to the pressure gauge body, painted red and tightly adjacent to the pressure gauge glass.

The pressure gauge must be selected with such a scale that the working pressure measurement limit is in the second third of the scale.

309. The installation of a pressure gauge on a vessel must ensure that its readings are clearly visible to the maintenance personnel.

The nominal diameter of the case of pressure gauges installed at a height of less than 2 m from the level of their observation site must be at least 100 mm, at a height of 2 to 3 m inclusive - at least 160 mm.

Installation of pressure gauges at a height of more than 3 meters from the level of the site is not allowed.

310. To periodically check the working pressure gauge, it is necessary to install a three-way valve or a device replacing it between the pressure gauge and the vessel.

If necessary, the pressure gauge, depending on the operating conditions and the properties of the medium in the vessel, must be equipped with either a siphon tube, or an oil buffer, or other devices that protect it from direct exposure to the medium and temperature and ensure its reliable operation.

Pressure gauges and pipelines connecting them to the vessel must be protected from freezing.

311. Instead of a three-way valve on vessels operating under a pressure of more than 2.5 MPa or at a medium temperature of more than 250 °C, as well as with a medium belonging to group 1 (in accordance with TR CU 032/2013), it is allowed to install a separate fitting with locking device for connecting a second pressure gauge.

The installation of a three-way valve or a device replacing it is optional if it is possible to check the pressure gauge in a timely manner by removing it from the stationary vessel.

312. Manometers are not allowed to be used on vessels in the following cases, if:

A) there is no seal or brand on the pressure gauge with a mark on the verification;

B) the period for checking the pressure gauge has expired;

C) the arrow of the pressure gauge, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero mark of the scale by an amount exceeding half of the permissible error for this pressure gauge;

D) the glass is broken or there are other damages to the pressure gauge, which may affect the correctness of its readings.

313. Verification of pressure gauges with their sealing or branding must be carried out at least once every 12 months, unless other terms are established in the documentation for the pressure gauge. The service personnel must check the serviceability of the pressure gauge using a three-way valve or replacing it. shut-off valves by setting the gauge needle to zero. The procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of pressure gauges by maintenance personnel during the operation of vessels must be determined by the production instruction on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels, approved by the management of the operating organization.

314. When operating vessels operating at varying wall temperatures, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the requirements for the permissible rates of heating and cooling of vessels, which (if such control is necessary) are indicated in the operating manual (instruction).

315. Check of serviceability of action of the spring safety valve is carried out by:

A) forced opening of it during operation of the equipment at intervals established in the production instructions for the operation of safety valves;

B) checking the operation of the valve on the stands, if the forced opening of the valve is undesirable either due to the properties of the working environment (explosive, combustible, toxic), or according to the conditions of the technological process.

When operating a spring-loaded safety valve, its spring must be protected from inadmissible heating (cooling) and direct exposure to the working medium, if it has a harmful effect on the spring material.

316. The installation of a pressure gauge and a safety valve is optional on a vessel whose operating pressure, set by the manufacturer in the passport, is equal to or greater than the pressure of the supply source, and provided that the possibility of pressure increase from a chemical reaction or heating is excluded in this vessel, including in case of fire.

317. On the inlet pipeline of a vessel designed for a pressure that is less than the pressure of the source supplying it, it is necessary to install an automatic reducing device with a pressure gauge and a safety device installed on the side of lower pressure after the reducing device. If a bypass line (bypass) is installed, it must also be equipped with a reducing device.

It is allowed to install one reducing device with a pressure gauge and a safety valve on a supply pipeline common to a group of vessels operating at the same pressure up to the first branch to one of the vessels. At the same time, the installation of safety devices on the vessels themselves is optional if the possibility of pressure increase is excluded in them.

If, due to the physical properties of the working medium, reliable operation of the automatic reducing device is not ensured, the installation of a flow regulator is allowed and protection against pressure increase is provided.

318. The capacity of safety valves is determined in accordance with the current regulatory documentation, taking into account the flow rate for each valve (for compressible and incompressible media) and the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the valve to which it is assigned, specified in the passport of the safety valve.

With the safety valves in operation, the pressure in the vessel is not allowed to exceed the permitted pressure:

A) more than 0.05 MPa - for vessels with pressure less than 0.3 MPa;

B) more than 15% - for vessels with pressure from 0.3 to 6 MPa inclusive;

C) more than 10% - for vessels with a pressure of more than 6 MPa.

When the valves are in operation, it is allowed to exceed the pressure in the vessel by no more than 25% of the permitted pressure, provided that this excess is provided for by the manual (instruction) for the operation of the vessel.

If during operation the working pressure of the vessel is reduced, then it is necessary to calculate the capacity of the safety valves for the new operating conditions.

319. In order to ensure safe work vessels, it is necessary to protect the connecting pipelines of safety valves (inlet, outlet and drainage) from freezing of the working medium in them.

The selection of the working medium from the branch pipes (and in the sections of the connecting pipelines from the vessel to the valves), on which safety devices are installed, is not allowed.

320. When installing several safety devices on one branch pipe (pipeline), the area cross section branch pipe (pipeline) must be at least 1.25 of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the valves installed on it. When determining the cross section of connecting pipelines with a length of more than 1000 mm, it is also necessary to take into account the value of their resistance.

321. Installation of shut-off valves between the vessel and the safety device, as well as behind it, is not allowed.

For a group of safety devices (two or more), the fittings in front of (behind) the safety device (s) can be installed provided that the safety devices are equipped with a blocking made in such a way that in any case of shutting off the valves (valve) provided for by the project, the remaining switched on safety devices have a total throughput, ensuring the fulfillment of the requirements of paragraph 318 of these FNR. When installing two safety devices, the interlock must exclude the possibility of their simultaneous disconnection.

322. The medium leaving the safety devices must be discharged to a safe place. Discharged toxic, explosive and flammable process fluids must be sent to closed systems for further disposal or organized incineration systems.

In cases justified by the project documentation, it is allowed to discharge non-toxic explosive and flammable media into the atmosphere through discharge pipelines, provided that their design and location ensure explosion and fire safe dispersion of the discharged medium, taking into account fire safety requirements.

Discharges containing substances that are capable of forming explosive mixtures or unstable compounds when mixed are prohibited.

323. To ensure the removal of condensate, the discharge pipelines of safety devices and the impulse lines of impulse safety valves must be equipped with drainage devices where condensation may accumulate. Condensate must be drained from the drain pipes to a safe place.

Installation of locking devices or other fittings on drainage pipelines is not allowed.

324. Membrane safety devices must be installed on branch pipes or pipelines directly connected to the vessel in places open and accessible for inspection and installation and dismantling.

The membranes must be placed only in the attachment points intended for them.

Connecting pipelines must be protected from freezing of the working medium in them.

325. When installing a membrane safety device in series with a safety valve (before or behind the valve), the cavity between the membrane and the valve must be connected by a drain pipe with a signal pressure gauge (to monitor the health of the membranes).

It is allowed to install a switching device in front of diaphragm safety devices if there is a double number membrane devices while ensuring the protection of the vessel from overpressure at any position of the switching device.

326. The procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of operation, repair and checking the setting of operation of safety devices at the stand, depending on the conditions of the technological process, must be indicated in the production instructions for the operation of safety devices approved by the management of the operating organization.

The results of checking the serviceability of safety devices, information about their setting are recorded in a shift log, information about their setting is drawn up by acts of the person performing the specified operations.

327. When operating vessels with an interface between media that require liquid level control, the following requirements must be met:

A) ensuring good visibility of the readings of the liquid level indicator;

B) if it is possible to lower the liquid level below the permissible level on vessels heated by flames or hot gases, control the level using two direct action indicators;

C) a clear indication on the liquid level indicator of the permissible upper and lower levels, subject to the condition that the height of the transparent liquid level indicator must be at least 25 mm below the lower and above the upper permissible liquid levels, respectively;

D) when equipping a vessel with several level indicators in height, placing them in such a way that they ensure continuity in readings of the liquid level;

E) when carrying out the purge of fittings (taps, valves) installed on the level indicator, ensuring the removal of the working medium to a safe place;

E) the use of a protective device to protect personnel from injury in the event of a rupture of the level used on the indicator transparent element made of glass or mica;

G) ensuring reliable operation of sound, light and other signaling devices and level locks provided for by the project and installed along with level indicators.

328. In order to maintain vessels in good condition, the operating organization is obliged to organize timely repair of vessels in accordance with the schedule. At the same time, it is not allowed to repair vessels and their elements under pressure. In order to ensure safety during repairs associated with the performance of work inside the vessel, prior to the commencement of these works, the vessel connected to other operating vessels by a common pipeline must be separated from them by plugs or disconnected. Disconnected pipes must be plugged. Only plugs of appropriate strength, installed between the flanges and having a protruding part (tail), by which the presence of a plug is determined, are allowed to be used to disconnect the vessel. When installing gaskets between flanges, they must be without shanks.

329. When working inside the vessel (internal inspection, repair, cleaning), safe lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V must be used, and in explosive environments - in explosion-proof design. Analysis should be carried out if necessary. air environment for the absence of harmful or other substances exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. Work inside the vessel must be carried out according to the work permit.

330. At negative ambient temperature, starting, stopping or testing for tightness of vessels operated in the open air or in unheated premises, must be carried out in accordance with the winter start-up regulations established in the production instructions, developed on the basis of the requirements of the operation manual (instruction) and project documentation.

Taking into account the dependence of the strength characteristics of the material from which the vessel is made on temperature, as well as the minimum temperature at which steel (or other material) and welded joints of this vessel are allowed to work under pressure, the regulations for starting a vessel in winter (groups of the same type in design vessels operating under the same conditions) should determine:

BUT) minimum values pressure of the working medium and air temperature at which it is possible to put the vessel into operation;

B) the procedure (schedule) for increasing the pressure (from the minimum start-up pressure to the working pressure) in the vessel during start-up and decreasing - during shutdown;

C) the allowable rate of increase in the temperature of the vessel wall during start-up and decrease - when stopped.