Convert gcal to tons online. Calculation of Gcal for heating is the first step towards a thaw in relations with mathematics and government agencies

1.1. Energy units used in the energy industry

• Joule - J - SI unit, and derivatives - kJ, MJ, GJ
• Calorie - cal - an off-system unit, and derivatives of kcal, Mcal, Gcal
• kWh is an off-system unit, which is usually (but not always!), Measuring the amount of electricity.
• a ton of steam is a specific value that corresponds to the amount of thermal energy required to produce steam from 1 ton of water. It does not have the status of a unit of measurement, however, it is practically used in the energy sector.

Energy units are used to measure the total amount of energy (thermal or electrical). At the same time, the value can denote the generated, consumed, transmitted or lost energy (over a certain period of time).

1.2. Examples of the correct use of energy units

• Annual demand for thermal energy for heating, ventilation, hot water supply.
• Required amount of thermal energy for heating … m3 of water from … to … °С
• Thermal energy in … thousand m3 natural gas(in the form of calorific value).
• The annual need for electricity to power the electrical consumers of the boiler room.
• The annual steam production program of the boiler house.

1.3. Conversion between energy units

1 GJ \u003d 0.23885 Gcal \u003d 3600 million kWh \u003d 0.4432 t (steam)

1 Gcal = 4.1868 GJ = 15072 million kWh = 1.8555 tons (steam)

1 million kWh = 1/3600 GJ = 1/15072 Gcal = 1/8123 t (steam)

1 t (steam) = 2.256 GJ = 0.5389 Gcal = 8123 million kWh

Note: When calculating 1 ton of steam, the enthalpy of the initial water and steam on the saturation line at t=100 °C was taken

2. Power units

2.1 Power units used in the energy industry

• Watt - W - unit of power in the SI system, derivatives - kW, MW, GW
• Calories per hour - cal / h - an off-system unit of power, usually derived quantities are used in the energy sector - kcal / h, Mcal / h, Gcal / h;
• Tons of steam per hour - t / h - a specific value corresponding to the power required to produce steam from 1 ton of water per hour.

2.2. Examples of the correct use of power units

• Estimated boiler power
• Heat loss of the building
• Maximum consumption of thermal energy for heating hot water
• Engine power
• Average daily power of thermal energy consumers

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1 megawatt [MW] = 860420.650095602 kilocalorie (th) per hour [kcal(T)/h]

Initial value

Converted value

watt exawatt petawatt terawatt gigawatt megawatt kilowatt hectowatt decawatt deciwatt centiwatt milliwatt microwatt nanowatt picowatt femtowatt attowatt horsepower horsepower metric horsepower boiler horsepower electric horsepower pumping horsepower horsepower (German) int. thermal unit (IT) per hour Brit. thermal unit (IT) per minute Brit. thermal unit (IT) per second Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per hour Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per minute Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per second MBTU (international) per hour Thousand BTU per hour MMBTU (international) per hour Million BTU per hour ton of refrigeration kilocalorie (IT) per hour kilocalorie (IT) per minute kilocalorie (IT) per second kilocalorie (thm) per hour kilocalorie (thm) per minute kilocalorie (thm) per second calorie (thm) per hour calorie (thm) per minute calorie (thm) per second calorie (thm) per hour calorie (thm) per minute calorie (thm) per second ft lbf per hour ft lbf/minute ft lbf/second lb-ft per hour lb-ft per minute lb-ft per second erg per second kilovolt-ampere volt-ampere newton-meter per second joule per second exajoule per second petajoule per second terajoule per second gigajoule per second megajoule per second kilojoule per second hectojoule per second decajoule per second decijoule per second centijoule per second millijoule per second microjoule nanojoule per second picojoule per second femtojoule per second attojoule per second joule per hour joule per minute kilojoule per hour kilojoule per minute Planck power

More about power

General information

In physics, power is the ratio of work to the time during which it is performed. mechanical work is a quantitative characteristic of the action of force F on the body, as a result of which it moves a distance s. Power can also be defined as the rate at which energy is transferred. In other words, power is an indicator of the machine's performance. By measuring the power, you can understand how much and how fast the work is done.

Power units

Power is measured in joules per second, or watts. Along with watts, horsepower is also used. Before the invention of the steam engine, the power of engines was not measured, and, accordingly, there were no generally accepted units of power. When the steam engine began to be used in mines, engineer and inventor James Watt began to improve it. In order to prove that his improvements made the steam engine more productive, he compared its power with the performance of horses, since horses were used by people for a long time. years, and many could easily imagine how much work a horse can do in a certain amount of time. In addition, not all mines used steam engines. On those where they were used, Watt compared the power of the old and new models of the steam engine with the power of one horse, that is, with one horsepower. Watt determined this value experimentally, observing the work of draft horses at the mill. According to his measurements, one horsepower is 746 watts. Now it is believed that this figure is exaggerated, and the horse cannot work in this mode for a long time, but they did not change the unit. Power can be used as a measure of productivity, as increasing power increases the amount of work done per unit of time. Many people realized that it was convenient to have a standardized unit of power, so horsepower became very popular. It began to be used in measuring the power of other devices, especially vehicles. Even though watts have been around for almost as long as horsepower, horsepower is more commonly used in the automotive industry, and it's clearer to many buyers when a car's engine power is listed in those units.

Power of household electrical appliances

Household electrical appliances usually have a power rating. Some lamps limit the power of the bulbs that can be used in them, for example, no more than 60 watts. This is because higher wattage bulbs generate a lot of heat and the bulb holder can be damaged. And the lamp itself at a high temperature in the lamp will not last long. This is mainly a problem with incandescent lamps. LED, fluorescent and other lamps generally operate at lower wattage at the same brightness and if used in luminaires designed for incandescent lamps there are no wattage problems.

The greater the power of the electrical appliance, the higher the energy consumption and the cost of using the appliance. Therefore, manufacturers are constantly improving electrical appliances and lamps. The luminous flux of lamps, measured in lumens, depends on the power, but also on the type of lamps. The greater the luminous flux of the lamp, the brighter its light looks. For people, it is high brightness that is important, and not the power consumed by the llama, therefore, in recent times alternatives to incandescent lamps are becoming increasingly popular. Below are examples of types of lamps, their power and the luminous flux they create.

• 450 lumens:
• Incandescent lamp: 40 watts
• compact Fluorescent Lamp: 9-13 watts
• LED lamp: 4-9 watts
• 800 lumens:



• Incandescent lamp: 60 watts
• Compact fluorescent lamp: 13-15 watts
• LED lamp: 10-15 watts
• 1600 lumens:
• Incandescent lamp: 100 watts
• Compact fluorescent lamp: 23-30 watts
• LED lamp: 16-20 watts

From these examples, it is obvious that with the same luminous flux created, LED lamps consume the least electricity and are more economical than incandescent lamps. At the time of this writing (2013) the price LED lamps many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are about to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

The power of household electrical appliances may differ depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same when the appliance is in operation. Below are the approximate capacities of some household appliances.



• Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
• Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
• Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
• Washing machines and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
• Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
• Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
• Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
• Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
• Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

It is possible to evaluate work using power not only for machines, but also for people and animals. For example, the power with which a basketball player throws a ball is calculated by measuring the force she applies to the ball, the distance the ball has traveled, and the time that force has been applied. There are sites that allow you to calculate the work and power during exercise. The user selects the type of exercise, enters the height, weight, duration of the exercise, after which the program calculates the power. For example, according to one of these calculators, the power of a person with a height of 170 centimeters and a weight of 70 kilograms, who did 50 push-ups in 10 minutes, is 39.5 watts. Athletes sometimes use devices to measure the amount of power a muscle is working during exercise. This information helps determine how effective their chosen exercise program is.

Dynamometers

To measure power, special devices are used - dynamometers. They can also measure torque and force. Dynamometers are used in various industries, from engineering to medicine. For example, they can be used to determine the power of a car engine. To measure the power of cars, several main types of dynamometers are used. In order to determine the power of the engine using dynamometers alone, it is necessary to remove the engine from the car and attach it to the dynamometer. In other dynamometers, the force for measurement is transmitted directly from the wheel of the car. In this case, the car's engine through the transmission drives the wheels, which, in turn, rotate the rollers of the dynamometer, which measures engine power under various road conditions.

Dynamometers are also used in sports and medicine. The most common type of dynamometer for this purpose is isokinetic. Usually this is a sports simulator with sensors connected to a computer. These sensors measure the strength and power of the whole body or individual muscle groups. The dynamometer can be programmed to give signals and warnings if the power exceeds a certain value. This is especially important for people with injuries during the rehabilitation period, when it is necessary not to overload the body.

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. Physical activity during some exercises, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many factors. environment such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise scheme, depending on the desired load.

Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

Heating receipts can use the measurement:

• Gcal;
• Gcal/hour.

In the first case, we mean the delivered heat for a certain period (it can be a month, a year or a day). Gcal / hour is a characteristic of the power of a device or process (such a unit of measurement can report on the performance of a heater or on the rate of heat loss of a building in winter). The receipts mean the heat that was released in 1 hour. Then, to recalculate for a day, you need to multiply the number by 24, and for a month by another 30/31.

1 Gcal / hour \u003d 40 m 3 of water that is heated to 25 ° C in 1 hour.

Also, the gigacalorie can be tied to the volume of fuel (solid or liquid) Gcal/m3. And it shows how much heat can be obtained from a cubic meter of this fuel.

How to translate energy units?

On the Internet, it is realistic to find a huge number of online calculators that convert the required values ​​automatically.

When it comes to getting things right, there are often lengthy formulas and proportions that can turn off the average consumer who graduated from high school many years ago.

But everything is possible! You will need to remember 1 or 2 numbers, the action, and you can easily do the translation offline, on your own.

How to convert kW to Gcal / h

The key indicator for converting data from kilowatts to calories:

1 kW = 0.00086 Gcal/hour

To find out how much Gcal is obtained, you need to multiply the available number of kW by a constant value, 0.00086.

Consider an example. Suppose you need to convert 250 kW into calories.

250 kW x 0.00086 \u003d 0.215 Gcal / hour.

(More accurate online calculators will show 0.214961).

For example: 70 degrees came, we returned 50 degrees, we have 20 degrees left.
And we also need to know the flow of water in the heating system.
If you have a heat meter, we are fine looking for a value on the screen in t/h. By the way, according to a good heat meter, you can immediately find Gcal/hour- or as they sometimes say instantaneous consumption, then you don’t need to count, just multiply it by hours and days and get heat in Gcal for the range you need.

True, this will also be approximately, as if the heat meter counts itself for each hour and puts it in its archive, where you can always look at them. Average store hourly archives for 45 days, and monthly up to three years. Indications in Gcal can always be found and checked by the management company or.

Well, what if there is no heat meter. You have a contract, there are always these ill-fated Gcal. According to them, we calculate the consumption in t / h.
For example, the contract says - the allowed maximum heat consumption is 0.15 Gcal / hour. It may be written differently, but Gcal / hour will always be.
We multiply 0.15 by 1000 and divide by the temperature difference from the same contract. You will have a temperature graph indicated - for example, 95/70 or 115/70 or 130/70 with a cutoff at 115, etc.

0.15 x 1000 / (95-70) = 6 t / h, these 6 tons per hour are what we need, this is our planned pumping (coolant flow rate) to which it is necessary to strive so as not to have overflow and underflow (unless of course in the contract you correctly indicated the value of Gcal / hour)

And, finally, we consider the heat received earlier - 20 degrees (the temperature difference between what came to our house and what returned from us to heating network) we multiply by the planned pumping (6 tons/hour) we get 20 x 6/1000 = 0.12 Gcal/hour.

This value of heat in Gcal released to the whole house, the management company will personally calculate it for you, usually this is done according to the ratio total area apartments to the heated area of ​​the whole house, I will write more about this in another article.

The method described by us is of course rough, but for each hour this method is possible, just keep in mind that some heat meters average consumption values ​​for different periods of time from several seconds to 10 minutes. If the water consumption changes, for example, who disassembles the water, or you have weather-dependent automation, the readings in Gcal may differ slightly from those you received. But this is on the conscience of the developers of heat meters.

And one more small note, value of consumed heat energy (amount of heat) on your heat meter(heat meter, heat quantity calculator) can be displayed in various units ah measurements - Gcal, GJ, MWh, kWh. The ratio of units of Gcal, J and kW I give for you in the table:

And even better, more accurate and easier if you use a calculator to convert energy units from Gcal to J or kW.

Instruction

To convert electrical power (occasionally they say thermal power) to some other unit of measure, use the data on the ratio of various units. To do this, simply multiply the given power number by the coefficient corresponding to the unit of measure into which you are converting.
1 Watt-hour corresponds to 3.57 kJ;
1 watt corresponds to: 107 erg/s; 1 J/s; 859.85 cal/h; 0.00134 hp
For example, the organization indicated the number 244.23 kW, which must be converted to calories.
244.23 kW => 244.23 * 1000 W \u003d 244.23 * 1000 * 859.85 => \u003d 210,000,000 cal / h or 0.21 G cal / h.

In power calculations, standard prefixes are usually used, especially when the measured values ​​are too small or, conversely, large. This simplifies calculations related to the order of the value. The watt by itself is almost never used. Convert a multiple of a number to an integer form according to the diagram below.

1 micro (mk) => 1*0.000001
1 miles (m) => 1*0.001
1 centi (s) => 1 * 0.01
1 deci (d) => 1 * 0.1
1 deck (da) => 1*10
1hecto (g) => 1*100
1 kilo (k) => 1*1000
1 Mega (M)=> 1*1 000 000
1 Giga (G) => 1* 1,000,000,000

Find out in which unit of measurement of thermal energy it is necessary to convert the power. Possible options: J or Joule - unit of work and energy; Cal (Calories) - a unit of heat energy, can be written as simply kcal, or it can look like this - kcal / hour.

A calorie is one of the units by which energy or work is measured. In other words, it takes 1 Calorie (1 Cal.) to heat 1 gram of water to 1 Kelvin. Translate calories simple enough.

Instruction

To begin with, it is worth understanding to which area modern science refers to one or another "calorie". Despite the fact that now they are mainly measured energy value products, the following "types" of "calories" have some prevalence: International calorie, thermochemical calorie, as well as a calorie measured at 15 degrees Celsius.

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1 kilocalorie (IT) per hour [kcal/h] = 0.001163 kilowatt [kW]

Initial value

Converted value

watt exawatt petawatt terawatt gigawatt megawatt kilowatt hectowatt decawatt deciwatt centiwatt milliwatt microwatt nanowatt picowatt femtowatt attowatt horsepower horsepower metric horsepower boiler horsepower electric horsepower pumping horsepower horsepower (German) int. thermal unit (IT) per hour Brit. thermal unit (IT) per minute Brit. thermal unit (IT) per second Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per hour Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per minute Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per second MBTU (international) per hour Thousand BTU per hour MMBTU (international) per hour Million BTU per hour ton of refrigeration kilocalorie (IT) per hour kilocalorie (IT) per minute kilocalorie (IT) per second kilocalorie (thm) per hour kilocalorie (thm) per minute kilocalorie (thm) per second calorie (thm) per hour calorie (thm) per minute calorie (thm) per second calorie (thm) per hour calorie (thm) per minute calorie (thm) per second ft lbf per hour ft lbf/minute ft lbf/second lb-ft per hour lb-ft per minute lb-ft per second erg per second kilovolt-ampere volt-ampere newton-meter per second joule per second exajoule per second petajoule per second terajoule per second gigajoule per second megajoule per second kilojoule per second hectojoule per second decajoule per second decijoule per second centijoule per second millijoule per second microjoule nanojoule per second picojoule per second femtojoule per second attojoule per second joule per hour joule per minute kilojoule per hour kilojoule per minute Planck power

Thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency

More about power

General information

In physics, power is the ratio of work to the time during which it is performed. Mechanical work is a quantitative characteristic of the action of a force F on the body, as a result of which it moves a distance s. Power can also be defined as the rate at which energy is transferred. In other words, power is an indicator of the machine's performance. By measuring the power, you can understand how much and how fast the work is done.

Power units

Power is measured in joules per second, or watts. Along with watts, horsepower is also used. Before the invention of the steam engine, the power of engines was not measured, and, accordingly, there were no generally accepted units of power. When the steam engine began to be used in mines, engineer and inventor James Watt began to improve it. In order to prove that his improvements made the steam engine more productive, he compared its power to the working capacity of horses, since horses have been used by people for many years, and many could easily imagine how much work a horse can do in a certain amount of time. In addition, not all mines used steam engines. On those where they were used, Watt compared the power of the old and new models of the steam engine with the power of one horse, that is, with one horsepower. Watt determined this value experimentally, observing the work of draft horses at the mill. According to his measurements, one horsepower is 746 watts. Now it is believed that this figure is exaggerated, and the horse cannot work in this mode for a long time, but they did not change the unit. Power can be used as a measure of productivity, as increasing power increases the amount of work done per unit of time. Many people realized that it was convenient to have a standardized unit of power, so horsepower became very popular. It began to be used in measuring the power of other devices, especially vehicles. Even though watts have been around for almost as long as horsepower, horsepower is more commonly used in the automotive industry, and it's clearer to many buyers when a car's engine power is listed in those units.

Power of household electrical appliances

Household electrical appliances usually have a power rating. Some lamps limit the power of the bulbs that can be used in them, for example, no more than 60 watts. This is because higher wattage bulbs generate a lot of heat and the bulb holder can be damaged. And the lamp itself at a high temperature in the lamp will not last long. This is mainly a problem with incandescent lamps. LED, fluorescent and other lamps generally operate at lower wattage at the same brightness and if used in luminaires designed for incandescent lamps there are no wattage problems.

The greater the power of the electrical appliance, the higher the energy consumption and the cost of using the appliance. Therefore, manufacturers are constantly improving electrical appliances and lamps. The luminous flux of lamps, measured in lumens, depends on the power, but also on the type of lamps. The greater the luminous flux of the lamp, the brighter its light looks. For people, it is high brightness that is important, and not the power consumed by the llama, so recently alternatives to incandescent lamps have become increasingly popular. Below are examples of types of lamps, their power and the luminous flux they create.

• 450 lumens:
• Incandescent lamp: 40 watts
• Compact fluorescent lamp: 9-13 watts
• LED lamp: 4-9 watts
• 800 lumens:



• Incandescent lamp: 60 watts
• Compact fluorescent lamp: 13-15 watts
• LED lamp: 10-15 watts
• 1600 lumens:
• Incandescent lamp: 100 watts
• Compact fluorescent lamp: 23-30 watts
• LED lamp: 16-20 watts

From these examples, it is obvious that with the same luminous flux created, LED lamps consume the least electricity and are more economical than incandescent lamps. At the time of this writing (2013), the price of LED lamps is many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are about to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

The power of household electrical appliances may differ depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same when the appliance is in operation. Below are the approximate capacities of some household appliances.



• Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
• Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
• Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
• Washing machines and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
• Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
• Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
• Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
• Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
• Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

It is possible to evaluate work using power not only for machines, but also for people and animals. For example, the power with which a basketball player throws a ball is calculated by measuring the force she applies to the ball, the distance the ball has traveled, and the time that force has been applied. There are websites that allow you to calculate work and power during exercise. The user selects the type of exercise, enters the height, weight, duration of the exercise, after which the program calculates the power. For example, according to one of these calculators, the power of a person with a height of 170 centimeters and a weight of 70 kilograms, who did 50 push-ups in 10 minutes, is 39.5 watts. Athletes sometimes use devices to measure the amount of power a muscle is working during exercise. This information helps determine how effective their chosen exercise program is.

Dynamometers

To measure power, special devices are used - dynamometers. They can also measure torque and force. Dynamometers are used in various industries, from engineering to medicine. For example, they can be used to determine the power of a car engine. To measure the power of cars, several main types of dynamometers are used. In order to determine the power of the engine using dynamometers alone, it is necessary to remove the engine from the car and attach it to the dynamometer. In other dynamometers, the force for measurement is transmitted directly from the wheel of the car. In this case, the car's engine through the transmission drives the wheels, which, in turn, rotate the rollers of the dynamometer, which measures engine power under various road conditions.

Dynamometers are also used in sports and medicine. The most common type of dynamometer for this purpose is isokinetic. Usually this is a sports simulator with sensors connected to a computer. These sensors measure the strength and power of the whole body or individual muscle groups. The dynamometer can be programmed to give signals and warnings if the power exceeds a certain value. This is especially important for people with injuries during the rehabilitation period, when it is necessary not to overload the body.

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. Physical activity during some activities, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many environmental factors, such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise scheme, depending on the desired load.

Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

What is Gcal? Gcal - gigacalorie, that is, a measuring unit in which it is calculated thermal energy. You can calculate Gcal on your own, but having previously studied some information about thermal energy. Consider in the article general information about the calculations, as well as the formula for calculating Gcal.

What is Gcal?

A calorie is a certain amount of energy required to heat 1 gram of water to 1 degree. This condition maintained under atmospheric pressure. For calculations of thermal energy, a large value is used - Gcal. A gigacalorie corresponds to 1 billion calories. This value has been used since 1995 in accordance with the document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.

In Russia, the average value of consumption per 1 sq.m. is 0.9342 Gcal per month. In each region, this value may vary up or down depending on weather conditions.

What is a gigacalorie if it is converted into ordinary values?

1. 1 Gigacalorie equals 1162.2 kilowatt-hours.
2. In order to heat 1 thousand tons of water to a temperature of +1 degree, 1 gigacalorie is required.

Gcal in apartment buildings

AT apartment buildings gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. If you know the exact amount of heat that remains in the house, then you can calculate the bill for paying for heating. For example, if the house does not have a common house or individual device heat, then centralized heating You will have to pay based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room. In the event that a heat meter is installed, then wiring is implied horizontal type either serial or collector. In this embodiment, two risers are made in the apartment for the supply and return pipes, and the system inside the apartment is determined by the residents. Such schemes are used in new houses. That is why residents can independently regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between comfort and economy.

Adjustment is made as follows:

1. Due to the throttling of heating batteries, the patency of the heating device is limited, therefore, the temperature in it decreases, and the consumption of thermal energy decreases.
2. Installation of a common thermostat on the return pipe. In this case, the cost working fluid is determined by the temperature in the apartment and if it increases, then the flow decreases, and if it decreases, then the flow increases.

Gcal in private houses

If we talk about Gcal in a private house, then residents are primarily interested in the cost of heat energy for each type of fuel. Therefore, consider some prices for 1 Gcal for different kinds fuel:

• - 3300 rubles;
• Liquefied gas - 520 rubles;
• Coal - 550 rubles;
• Pellets - 1800 rubles;
• Diesel fuel - 3270 rubles;
• Electricity - 4300 rubles.

The price may vary depending on the region, and it is also worth considering that the cost of fuel increases periodically.

General information about Gcal calculations

To calculate Gcal, it is necessary to make special calculations, the procedure for which is established by special regulations. The calculation is carried out by utilities, which can explain to you the procedure for calculating Gcal, as well as decipher any incomprehensible points.

If you have an individual device installed, you will be able to avoid any problems and overpayments. It is enough for you to monthly take readings from the counter and multiply the resulting number by the tariff. The amount received must be paid for the use of heating.

Heat meters

1. The temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet of a certain section of the pipeline.
2. The flow rate of fluid that moves through heating devices.

Consumption can be determined using heat meters. Heat meters can be of two types:

1. Wing counters. Such devices are used to account for thermal energy, as well as the consumption of hot water. The difference between such meters and metering devices cold water- the material from which the impeller is made. In such devices, it is most resistant to exposure high temperatures. The principle of operation is similar for two devices:

• The rotation of the impeller is transmitted to the accounting device;
• The impeller begins to rotate due to the movement of the working fluid;
• The transfer is made without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.

Such devices have simple design, but their threshold is low. And also they have reliable protection from misrepresentations. With the help of an anti-magnetic screen, the impeller is prevented from braking by an external magnetic field.

1. Devices with a recorder of differences. Such meters operate according to Bernoulli's law, which states that the speed of a liquid or gas flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. If the pressure is recorded by two sensors, it is easy to determine the flow in real time. The counter implies electronics in the design device. Almost all models provide information on the flow and temperature of the working fluid, as well as determine the consumption of thermal energy. You can set the operation manually using a PC. You can connect the device to a PC through the port.

Many residents are wondering how to calculate the amount of Gcal for heating in open system heating, in which selection for hot water is possible. Pressure sensors are installed on the return pipe and the supply pipe at the same time. The difference that will be in the flow rate of the working fluid will show the amount warm water, which was spent for household needs.

Formula for calculating Gcal for heating

If you do not have an individual device, then you must use the following formula for calculating heat for heating: Q \u003d V * (T1 - T2) / 1000, where:

1. Q is the total amount of heat energy.
2. V is the volume of hot water consumption. It is measured in tons or cubic meters.
3. T1 is the hot water temperature and is measured in degrees Celsius. In such a calculation, it is better to take into account such a temperature that will be characteristic of a particular working pressure. This indicator is called enthalpy. If there is no necessary sensor, then take the temperature that will be similar to the enthalpy. Usually average this temperature is in the range of 60-65 degrees Celsius.
4. T2 is the cold water temperature and is measured in degrees Celsius. It is known to get to the pipeline with cold water is not simple, therefore such values ​​are determined constant values. They, in turn, depend on the climatic conditions outside the house. For example, in the cold season, this value can be 5 degrees, and in the warm season, when there is no heating, it can reach 15 degrees.
5. 1000 is the ratio by which you can get the answer in gigacalories. This value will be more accurate than in regular calories.

Closed heating system Gigacalories are calculated in a different way. In order to calculate Gcal in closed system heating, you must use the following formula: Q \u003d ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000, where:

1. Q - the former volume of thermal energy;
2. V1 is the flow rate parameter of the heat carrier in the supply pipe. The heat source can be steam or plain water.
3. V2 - volume of water flow in the outlet pipe;
4. T1 - temperature in the heat carrier supply pipe;
5. T2 - temperature at the outlet of the pipe;
6. T - cold water temperature.

The calculation of thermal energy for heating according to this formula depends on two parameters: the first shows the heat that enters the system, and the second is the heat parameter when the heat carrier is removed through the return pipe.

Other methods of calculating Gcal for heating

1. Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
2. Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.

All values ​​in these formulas are the same as in the previous formula. Based on the above calculations, we can conclude that you can calculate Gcal for heating yourself. But you should seek advice from special companies that are responsible for supplying heat to the house, since their work and calculation system may differ from these formulas and consist of a different set of measures.

If you decide to make the "Warm floor" system in your private house, then the principle of calculating heating will be completely different. The calculation will be much more difficult, since not only the features of the heating circuit should be taken into account, but also the values electrical network from which the floor is heated. The companies that are responsible for overseeing underfloor heating installation work will be different.

Many residents have difficulty converting kilocalories to kilowatts. This is due to the many benefits of measuring units in the international system, which is called "Ci". When converting kilocalories to kilowatts, a factor of 850 should be used. That is, 1 kW equals 850 kcal. Such a calculation is much simpler than others, since it is not difficult to find out the required amount of gigacalories. 1 gigacalorie = 1 million calories.

During the calculation, it should be remembered that any modern appliances have a small error. For the most part, they are acceptable. But you need to calculate the error yourself. For example, this can be done using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1 + V2) * 100, where:

1. R is the error of a common house heating device.
2. V1 and V2 are the previously indicated parameters of the water flow in the system.
3. 100 is a coefficient that is responsible for converting the resulting value into a percentage.
   In accordance with operational standards, the maximum error that can be - 2%. In general, this figure does not exceed 1%.

Results of calculations of Gcal for heating

If you correctly calculated the consumption of Gcal of thermal energy, then you can not worry about overpayments for public utilities. If you use the above formulas, then we can conclude that when heating a residential building with an area of ​​​​up to 200 sq.m. you will need to spend about 3 Gcal for 1 month. Considering that heating season in many regions of the country lasts about 6 months, then you can calculate the approximate consumption of thermal energy. To do this, we multiply 3 Gcal by 6 months and get 18 Gcal.

Based on the information indicated above, we can conclude that all calculations on the consumption of thermal energy in a particular house can be done independently without the help of special organizations. But it is worth remembering that all data must be calculated exactly according to special mathematical formulas. In addition, all procedures must be coordinated with special bodies that control such actions. If you are not sure that you can do the calculation yourself, you can use the services of professional specialists who are engaged in such work and have materials available that describe in detail the entire process and photos of samples of the heating system, as well as their connection diagrams.