How to plant smoking tobacco. Tobacco seedling care

What is just not grown on garden and summer cottages, avid gardeners in the gardens. An unexpected option is smoking tobacco. Why not? For a gardener-smoker, a good way to stock up on your own.

The main feature of tobacco is a wide variety of varieties. They differ greatly in the way they are planted, cared for and harvested. For example, shag is the most unpretentious option. If you grow ordinary tobacco in the garden, you will have to make a little more effort. He loves warmth more than water.

IMPORTANT! For growing tobacco in the garden, it is better to know in advance which variety is suitable for a particular area.

In general, tobacco is planted, processed and fed like many other plants. For example, the process of transplanting seedlings into the ground smoking tobacco very similar to planting tomatoes. It follows that everyone can grow tobacco in a garden.

Planting seeds

In order to get seedlings of tobacco, seeds should be sown. Tobacco is quite capricious and heat-loving, therefore it requires proper care and knowledge of the process. At the first stage of interaction with him, it is recommended to plant a small number of plant units in order to understand the principle of its cultivation.

Tobacco seeds have some features:

• the size. They are so small that they look more like dust. Hence the peculiarities of planting the seed of tobacco for smoking: it is enough just to “scatter” them over the surface of the earth and only slightly press;
• germination. Tobacco seeds retain their germination property long time. This means that fairly old seeds can also be sown;
• amount. A quarter of a gram of tobacco seeds is sufficient to obtain a result in the amount of the annual "smoker's supply". Such a small amount of material gives a decent yield.

Tobacco seeds - photo

Due to these features, a specific fit is required. Tobacco seeds are not planted deep. The maximum depth of their planting is up to 1 cm. To do this, simply scatter them on the surface of the soil and only slightly press into it. After that, carefully pour a thin stream of water. If the pressure is too strong, the seeds will easily wash out and spread over the surface, going beyond the allotted limits.

ATTENTION! Tobacco seeds can also be planted slightly germinated, this will speed up the seedling germination process. To germinate seeds, you need to soak them in water 4-5 days before planting.

Temperature is an important factor influencing the rate of seed germination. It should be in the range of 25-28 degrees, otherwise the seeds may not sprout at all.

Video - tobacco seed planting technology

Planting seedlings in open ground

How to understand that tobacco seedlings are ready to move to open ground vegetable garden? There are a number of signs for this:

• seedlings have a height of about 15 cm;
• leaves have formed on it, on each unit there are about 5 plants;
• the root system has developed sufficiently;
• frosts have passed and the likelihood of their occurrence is minimal. This factor is extremely important, since any sudden drop in temperature can destroy the entire crop.

ATTENTION! Before transplanting into open ground, tobacco plants must be hardened off. Otherwise, they will not be able to adapt to the changed conditions.

The essence of hardening is to reduce the frequency of watering and the periodic removal of seedlings to the open air. This will help strengthen the plants and make them a little more resilient to the environment.

The process of landing in the ground is not much different from the standard. Each bush is planted in separate holes, after pouring plenty of water into it. In addition, it is worth planting tobacco with a small amount of soil so that the root system is not badly damaged. This will help the plants to more easily survive the stress of transplantation and “get sick” faster.

Care and feeding

Tobacco care involves doing the following regularly:

• weeding from weeds is necessary as they appear;
• loosening the soil around the plant. This helps oxygen saturate the soil and nourish root system tobacco;
• top dressing. It is similar to that which is made for tomatoes;
• watering. Tobacco does not like abundant watering, it is better to water rarely, but plentifully. In total for the summer (not very hot) 3-4 times is enough.

When to harvest and how to dry it?

Growing tobacco is not such a responsible process as harvesting and drying it. The result directly depends on the correct implementation of these actions. Improper drying or fermentation can negate all efforts to grow tobacco for smoking.

Drying tobacco is a critical step in the tobacco growing process.

Tobacco that has changed the color of the leaves should be removed. If at first, at the stage of maturation and growth, they are green, then ready for harvesting, they are closer to yellow. If there are leaves of different colors on one bush, then they should be collected as soon as they are ready. Hence, the harvesting process is sometimes delayed for a long time.

Drying tobacco takes place in several stages:

Pests and diseases

To protect the crop from pests, it is worth knowing which ones threaten tobacco.

Diseases can completely cover the entire plant and move to neighboring ones. Treatment is carried out in the same ways as for other plants. Good for processing blue vitriol and other means depending on the degree of damage to plants.

Video - step by step instructions for growing tobacco in the garden

Thus, growing tobacco for smoking in the garden is real. To do this, it is enough to take care of it approximately the same as for other plants. Tobacco does not like abundant watering, but loosening should not be neglected. In addition, air temperature is important. After harvesting, it is important to properly dry and ferment it. It's a shame to lose harvested crop tobacco at the last stage, so the drying process should be treated with special responsibility.

For centuries, farmers and horticulturists have cultivated tobacco for personal use and sales. Although today the vast majority of tobacco is grown and harvested large corporations, it is also possible to do it yourself, provided you have the necessary knowledge and patience. Growing tobacco is not prohibited by law, but it is quite difficult process. In this article, we'll show you how to get started.

Steps

Soil and climate

Landing and transplant

Scatter tobacco seeds over the surface of the soil and water lightly. The soil must be in small pot, preferably with holes in the bottom. Seeds should be germinated for 4-6 weeks indoors.

Water the soil regularly to keep it moist, but water should not accumulate in the pot. The soil should also not dry out completely.

After three weeks, transplant the seedlings into a large box. By this time, the seedlings will already be quite large, if you did everything right.

• If you transplant plants into a large container, it will be easier for them to form a strong root system.
• To check if the plants have reached right size try to take them. If you can easily pinch the plant with a large and index finger, it can be transplanted. If the sprouts are still too thin, don't repot them until they've grown.
• Transplant seedlings immediately open ground easier and faster, since it will only need to be transplanted once, however, because of this, the plant may experience stress, and most of the leaves will turn yellow and fall off. After a week, the plant will begin to grow again, but it is better to protect it from stress and win a week by transplanting seedlings into a large pot.

1. Water the seedlings with a special growth solution (for example, one that contains algae or fish emulsion). This will allow the plants to receive all the nutrients until they are transplanted into open soil in 3-4 weeks.

   Prepare the area in the garden for transplanting large plants. The place should be in the open sun, the soil should be well drained, and the land should be cultivated regularly.

   Transplant the tobacco into soil in the garden when the seedlings are 15-20 centimeters tall. Plant plants at a distance of at least 90-110 centimeters from each other.

tobacco care

Water the tobacco thoroughly in the evening for several consecutive days after transplanting. When the seedlings are established in the soil, watering can be done less frequently to prevent moisture from accumulating in the soil.

Apply a low chlorine fertilizer that contains nitrogen in the form of salt. Fertilizers for tomatoes, peppers and potatoes are also suitable.

• Too much fertilizer is dangerous because it can disrupt the salt accumulation process. The amount of fertilizer will depend on the concentration of the fertilizer, on the characteristics of the soil, the loss nutrients due to soil washing and other subjective factors. Instructions will be given on the fertilizer packaging - there you will find the right dosage.
• Fertilizer should be applied several times. When the tobacco begins to bloom, fertilizer will no longer be needed.

1. Cut off the top bud of the plant when it begins to bloom. Cutting off the top allows top leaves achieve bigger size and thickness.

   Carefully work the soil around the plants with a hoe to get rid of weeds. You can shake the ground at the base of the plant to make it cleaner.

   • Tobacco roots grow rapidly, and the root system of these plants is large, with hundreds of small filament roots that grow near the surface of the soil. Be careful when weeding and don't push the hoe too deep to cut the roots.
   • 3-4 weeks after planting, you need to stop carefully loosening the ground. Just pull out the weeds.

2. Treat the plants with tobacco-specific pesticides if pests or rot appear on the leaves. Most often, leafworms, caterpillars and pathogens are planted on tobacco.

Collection and drying of tobacco

1. Cut the plant along with the stem without tearing off the leaves. You can cut the leaves from the trunk in the garden. Leaves can be cut approximately 3 months after planting.

   • Cut the stems 3-4 months after the removal of the apical bud. The lower leaves by this time have already partially collapsed. If you remove the leaves in the garden, you should take breaks for 1-2 weeks between collections, and you need to start from the bottom leaves. The first time the leaves should be cut shortly after the removal of the apical bud, when they turn slightly yellow.
   • The flowers will slow the growth of the leaves and compete with them for sunlight. It is better to pluck them so that they do not interfere with the growth of the leaves.
   • Do not rip the leaves themselves, as they will need to be hung up during the drying process. Drying is essential as it prepares the leaves for consumption. The drying process reveals those properties of the leaf that give the tobacco a taste of hay, tea, rose oil or fruit. Drying also softens the tobacco.

Before you start growing smoking tobacco in your country house, answer this question for yourself: why do you need it? In order to get shag or insecticide to repel garden pests? Both the first and second goals of growing tobacco are hardly expedient.

It is not safe to grow a self-rolling garden for self-rolling. By growing tobacco, drying its leaves, can you independently determine the content of nicotine in them? Of course not. And it, depending on the variety, agricultural technology of cultivation, technology of processing raw materials, can range from tenths to four percent and more.

With a low nicotine content, smoking homemade cigarettes will not bring satisfaction to heavy smokers, and a high percentage of nicotine will adversely affect health. The uncontrolled use of tobacco dust, tobacco infusions to control garden pests is also unsafe for people.

It is worth remembering that tobacco belongs to nightshade crops and therefore it is not easy for him to find beds on which potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, physalis, petunia have not been grown for several years.

Belonging to this family is fraught with viral diseases that can spread from tobacco to loved ones horticultural crops and vice versa.

But warning about negative consequences growing tobacco, it's time to talk about the agricultural technology of this crop.

Growing smoking tobacco through seedlings

Tobacco has over fifty species, but only two are considered cultivated. The plants of one are the raw material for the production of shag, the plants of the other - tobacco. Makhorka can be grown throughout Russia, but tobacco is only south of the 55º parallel.

From such small seeds, such a huge bush grows.

An adult plant grows up to one and a half meters. The stem is straight. Leaves entire, oval. The flowers are collected in a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. The fruit is a multi-seeded capsule. The seeds are very small: there are 10-15 thousand of them in one gram. The root system is branched, deeply penetrating into the soil.

Most varieties belong to plants of a long day: they pass to the phase of flowering and fruiting at 15-16-hour daylight hours.

At what temperature to grow. Tobacco is thermophilic. Even in the southern regions of the country it is grown through seedlings. Sowing begins in early March in a mixture of humus, garden soil and sand (2:1:1). In the pre-emergence period, the temperature is maintained at 27-28 degrees. For seedlings that are born, it is lowered to 18-20 degrees. Provide good lighting.

Seedling care. Water the seedlings without waiting for the soil to dry out. But a week before transplanting into open ground, watering is reduced, and two days later it is stopped. By the time of planting in open ground, seedlings should have 5-6 true leaves, be 12-15 cm high.

Landing in open ground

Hardened seedlings are planted outdoors after the threat of frost has passed. The site is prepared in advance, choosing a place protected from the wind. Tobacco grows well after green manure (cereals, legumes).

It is not recommended to grow it after potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, physalis, return to its original place earlier than in 2-3 years. Tobacco responds positively to humus and compost introduced before planting (2-3 kg per sq. M).

Seedlings ready for planting.

Seedlings are planted in pre-watered soil, deepening the stem by 3-4 cm. You can go deeper, but do not cover the growing point. On the square meter place 4-5 plants of large-leaved or 6-7 medium-leaved varieties.

AT initial period growth, the soil on the site is moistened, increasing the rate of water consumption as the plants grow. On light soils, water more often than on heavy soils. By the time of harvesting, the intensity of watering is reduced. After each watering, the aisles are loosened.

Tobacco is thermophilic, but temperatures above 35 degrees are unfavorable for it: young plants may die, and adults retard their development.

Tobacco nutrition

In the first half of the growing season, tobacco needs enhanced nitrogen nutrition. But overfeeding with nitrogen reduces the quality of raw materials: it turns out to be coarse, burning, and smells unpleasant. nitrogen fertilizers contribute before planting seedlings - 2-3 tbsp. spoons per sq. m.

Phosphorus and potassium are needed throughout the growing season. Phosphorus contributes to more early flowering, leaf maturation. Excess phosphorus leads to premature aging of the leaves. Tobacco also needs good potassium nutrition, but again without excess.

Tobacco plantation.

Excess potassium reduces the quality of tobacco: its smell becomes unpleasant. Usually potassium sulfate, superphosphate is applied under autumn digging- up to 0.5 cups per sq. m.

When planting, you can add dissolved in water complex fertilizers(2 tablespoons per square meter), containing equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

For top dressing, you can use organic infusions. They are brought into the grooves made by a hoe in the middle of the row spacing.

To get good raw materials, plants stepchild during the growing season (remove side shoots) and top (cut off inflorescences).

When tobacco is removed - samosad

Harvesting begins when the leaves turn a light yellowish tint. The first to break out the lower leaves - 3-4 from each plant. The second collection is increased to 3-5, the third - up to 5-7 leaves. Then the number of harvested leaves begin to reduce.

Drying tobacco leaves.

The leaves are harvested in the morning after the dew has dried and in the evening. Before harvesting, the lowest (seedling) leaves are removed. Broken leaves lay plate to plate, petiole to petiole. Then, using a large needle, the leaves are strung on twine so that they do not stick to each other.

The first phase of drying the leaves is carried out at a temperature of 25-35 degrees and an air humidity of 75-90 percent. After the leaves turn from green to yellow, they are dried in the sun.

Infusion for pest control

0.5 kg of dry tobacco leaves pour 10 liters hot water, insist two days. Before spraying, add 40 g dissolved in water laundry soap, diluted by half with water and treated plants against aphids, leafworms, spider mite, onion and cabbage moths, slugs.

AT natural conditions tobacco grows in the territory South America and Australia, and therefore - in the zone of the tropical belt. This climate is characterized high humidity air and the absence of negative temperatures. In conditions temperate climate it is grown as an annual plant.

It is better to grow tobacco from the seeds of the central inflorescence, since they are less productive from the side boxes. AT industrial scale it is difficult to select high-quality seeds, and they are more often purchased from people who grow tobacco in household plots.

Tobacco beans complete their maturation one year after harvest; Suitable are those who are 2-3 years old. Instead of seeds, you can buy ready-made seedlings.

Planting a nursery and germinating seeds

In order for the seed to germinate, moisture, heat and daylight. For this, the optimum temperature is 27–28 ° C. Seeds are planted either in the ground or in a nursery. greenhouse method more reliable because weather moderate climate zone in spring time do not contribute to early germination.

Seedling containers can be purchased at any supermarket. Ordinary plastic trays, usually used for food purposes, are also suitable for this purpose.

Sow starting from February - it depends on the length of the growing season of each species: at such a time that in early June they can be planted in open ground. Be sure to write on the container with seedlings what variety is in it: young seedlings look the same, it will be difficult to distinguish them during planting.

Universal soil for vegetables is suitable for germinating seeds. It is poured into a container with a layer 5-7 cm thick and slightly compacted. Next, you need to scatter the seeds on the surface of the soil (without crushing them into the ground), sprinkle them with water using a household spray gun and cover with gauze until the first shoots. My sprouting experience

It is not necessary to moisten the seed in order for it to germinate: a well-ripened dry seed germinates within 3-5 days without that. After germination, the seedlings must be separated and planted in separate paper or peat cups.

Top dressing and fertilizer

The main quality of the tobacco leaf is its so-called "combustibility". The leaf is filled with resinous substances during the period of growth and maturation. To speed up the process of plant growth and allow the plant to acquire its properties, the soil is regularly fed and fertilized.

A variety of fertilizers are sold in specialized stores and it is more rational to use them on an industrial scale. And on personal plot it is enough to feed with ordinary manure, which remains on the farm after chickens, rabbits, goats and other living creatures. Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5 in a deep opaque container and the mixture is left for about two weeks. After this period, the manure becomes fertilizer.

Fertilizers are applied when the stem is just being formed: it makes no sense to fertilize ready for harvest. The resulting mixture is added to water in a ratio of 1:10 and fertilized with regular watering in the early morning or evening, when the sun sets. Water the soil at the base of the stem carefully so that water with fertilizer does not get on the leaves. I rarely use industrial fertilizers, a little manure and humus that I insist in a barrel, about this.

In addition, it is necessary to remember about which, among other things, may arise due to and have a minimal idea of ​​​​what to do in such situations.

Harvesting, drying, cutting and storage

The most valuable product of tobacco cultivation is its leaves. Therefore, harvesting is called "leaf breaking". Before collecting the leaves, make sure that they are really ripe: the leaves begin to lighten and lose elasticity (yellow leaves at the base should not be considered ripe - this indicates a lack of nitrogen in the soil). If the leaf is ripe, it is simply broken off at the base.

Breaking is a laborious process, since it is carried out in several stages. You need to walk around the entire area, collect the ripened sheets, and leave the unfinished ones to ripen. And so on until the entire crop is harvested.

Green leaves contain 85% water, so they must be dried. There are two ways of drying: sunny and shady. After drying in the sun, the moisture in the leaves remains less than after the shade, but the leaves can crumble, which leads to loss of yield. At home, the leaves are dried by simply hanging them in a row under a canopy, while not forgetting to note the varieties and the date the leaf was broken. A leaf is considered dry when the central vein (which is subsequently removed) becomes dry and brittle.

Before storing or using tobacco. When dry, it is unsuitable for use.

Dry leaves recycling process includes the following steps:

1. Moisturizing completely dried leaves. To do this, they are abundantly watered with water, covered with a wet cloth and left for about one hour. After such a procedure, the sheet becomes flexible;
2. Dense laying of moistened leaves in glass jars. The size of the jar depends on the method of fermentation and the volume of the dryer;
3. Prolonged drying of leaves(5–7 days) at a temperature of 50–55°C. At home, incubators are used for this. Some gardeners use fast way fermentation by sterilizing jars of leaves in pots of water, ovens and even microwaves. But taste qualities while worsening. A sign of complete fermentation is the characteristic tobacco flavor;
4. Final drying after fermentation.

The fermented leaves are ground on a mesh (section 3x3 mm), sieved through a sieve, and already dry leaves can be stored in ordinary glass jars. This is a ready-to-use product. Now you know how to grow tobacco at home.

What they just do not grow in garden and summer cottages, avid gardeners in vegetable gardens. An unexpected option is smoking tobacco. Why not? For a gardener-smoker, a good way to stock up on your own.

Features of the growing process

The main feature of tobacco is a wide variety of varieties. They differ greatly in the way they are planted, cared for and harvested. For example, shag is the most unpretentious option. If you grow ordinary tobacco in the garden, you will have to make a little more effort. He loves warmth more than water.

IMPORTANT! For growing tobacco in the garden, it is better to know in advance which variety is suitable for a particular area.

In general, tobacco is planted, processed and fed like many other plants. For example, the process of transplanting smoking tobacco seedlings into the ground is very similar to planting tomatoes. It follows that everyone can grow tobacco in a garden.

Planting seeds

In order to get seedlings of tobacco, seeds should be sown. Tobacco is quite capricious and heat-loving, therefore it requires proper care and knowledge of the process. At the first stage of interaction with him, it is recommended to plant a small number of plant units in order to understand the principle of its cultivation.

Tobacco seeds have some features:

• the size. They are so small that they look more like dust. Hence the peculiarities of planting the seed of tobacco for smoking: it is enough just to “scatter” them over the surface of the earth and only slightly press;
• germination. Tobacco seeds retain their germination property for a long time. This means that fairly old seeds can also be sown;
• amount. A quarter of a gram of tobacco seeds is sufficient to obtain a result in the amount of the annual "smoker's supply". Such a small amount of material gives a decent yield.

Due to these features, a specific fit is required. Tobacco seeds are not planted deep. The maximum depth of their planting is up to 1 cm. To do this, simply scatter them on the surface of the soil and only slightly press into it. After that, carefully pour a thin stream of water. If the pressure is too strong, the seeds will easily wash out and spread over the surface, going beyond the allotted limits.

ATTENTION! Tobacco seeds can also be planted slightly germinated, this will speed up the seedling germination process. To germinate seeds, you need to soak them in water 4-5 days before planting.

Temperature is an important factor influencing the rate of seed germination. It should be in the range of 25-28 degrees, otherwise the seeds may not sprout at all.

Video - tobacco seed planting technology

Planting seedlings in open ground

How to understand that tobacco seedlings are ready to move into the open ground of the garden? There are a number of signs for this:

• seedlings have a height of about 15 cm;
• leaves have formed on it, on each unit there are about 5 plants;
• the root system has developed sufficiently;
• frosts have passed and the likelihood of their occurrence is minimal. This factor is extremely important, since any sudden drop in temperature can destroy the entire crop.

ATTENTION! Before transplanting into open ground, tobacco plants must be hardened off. Otherwise, they will not be able to adapt to the changed conditions.

The essence of hardening is to reduce the frequency of watering and the periodic removal of seedlings to the open air. This will help strengthen the plants and make them a little more resilient to the environment.

The process of landing in the ground is not much different from the standard. Each bush is planted in separate holes, after pouring plenty of water into it. In addition, it is worth planting tobacco with a small amount of soil so that the root system is not badly damaged. This will help the plants to more easily survive the stress of transplantation and “get sick” faster.

Care and feeding

Tobacco care involves doing the following regularly:

• weeding from weeds is necessary as they appear;
• loosening the soil around the plant. This helps oxygen saturate the soil and nourish the root system of the tobacco;
• top dressing. It is similar to that which is made for tomatoes;
• watering. Tobacco does not like abundant watering, it is better to water rarely, but plentifully. In total for the summer (not very hot) 3-4 times is enough.

When to harvest and how to dry it?

Growing tobacco is not such a responsible process as harvesting and drying it. The result directly depends on the correct implementation of these actions. Improper drying or fermentation can negate all efforts to grow tobacco for smoking.

Tobacco that has changed the color of the leaves should be removed. If at first, at the stage of maturation and growth, they are green, then ready for harvesting, they are closer to yellow. If there are leaves of different colors on one bush, then they should be collected as soon as they are ready. Hence, the harvesting process is sometimes delayed for a long time.

Drying tobacco takes place in several stages:

Pests and diseases

To protect the crop from pests, it is worth knowing which ones threaten tobacco.

Diseases can completely cover the entire plant and move to neighboring ones. Treatment is carried out in the same ways as for other plants. Copper sulphate and other means are well suited for processing, depending on the degree of damage to plants.

Video - step by step instructions for growing tobacco in the garden

Thus, growing tobacco for smoking in the garden is real. To do this, it is enough to take care of it approximately the same as for other plants. Tobacco does not like abundant watering, but loosening should not be neglected. In addition, air temperature is important. After harvesting, it is important to properly dry and ferment it. It's a shame to lose the harvested tobacco crop at the last stage, so the drying process should be taken with special responsibility.