How to decorate an adobe house. External plaster of adobe walls - features and finishing technology

Decorating the walls of a house made of adobe is unlimited scope for creativity and implementation. creative ideas, as well as the opportunity to create environmentally friendly housing to suit your taste. The main thing when choosing finishing options is to maintain the favorable microclimate of the eco-house, take into account the recommendations of experts on the selection of materials and strictly follow the installation technology.

Clay construction – best solution for those who value energy-efficient and health-friendly technologies. And although adobe is not an innovation in construction, high-quality and performance characteristics materials have transformed an ancient technique for constructing low-cost housing into a 21st century technology. The main advantages of a house made of adobe - a mixture of sand, clay, water and straw: heat capacity, reliability, positive effect on the human body, medicinal properties, durability ( hundreds of years), natural moisture exchange. An additional “plus” is unique exoticism adobe house and the ability to implement any design passages in the interior.

Decorating the walls of an adobe house: features of the choice of materials

Adobe is a 100% healthy material that creates a favorable microclimate in the room. Particularly useful in the composition of adobe is radium, which helps remove from the human body everything that decomposes, rots and leads to cellular disorganization. In addition, radium has a positive effect on nervous system- that is why the ancestors living in clay houses did not complain about their health. Therefore, the main thing when choosing materials is to maintain a healthy, unique and healing microclimate of an eco-house.

General principles for choosing materials:

1. Decorating the walls from the inside of an adobe house performs only decorative functions - the enclosing structures DO NOT NEED to be protected! Therefore, when choosing materials, it is enough to pay attention to environmental friendliness, vapor permeability and aesthetic characteristics.
2. The best finishing option is using a small layer of adobe and with natural dye. When choosing dyes, it is recommended to give preference to mineral ones based on metal oxides - durable compositions that well retain the brightness of the colors throughout their entire service life.

Important! Not allowed to be used when interior decoration adobe house cement, modern latex and water-dispersion paints! The latter are undesirable for two reasons: 1) insufficient vapor permeability; 2) the presence of polluting processes that are used in production.

Modern manufacturers offer a wide palette of shades of mineral dyes, which provides talented designers with unlimited scope for implementation. original ideas. A good decision for interior decoration is a combination of wall painting and.

1. The simplest finishing option is: prime the walls with heavily diluted glue, let dry and glue the material sheets.
2. All types of plasters, including gypsum, are suitable for finishing a house made of adobe. Looks fascinating textured plaster“antique”, which emphasizes the effect adobe walls, is not only an opportunity to please the eye with a rough texture and give yourself a pleasant tactile sensation, but also a proven way to recreate the cozy atmosphere of a rural house with excellent sound-absorbing properties.

From the point of view of preserving the unique microclimate of an adobe house, it is undesirable, since gypsum board sheets create an insulating air gap, which prevents the walls from accumulating heat and warming up from the inside. Therefore, due to the loose connection of drywall to curved adobe enclosing structures, freezing of the walls is possible.

When decorating the walls of an adobe house, special attention should be paid to amateurs. The easiest way is to stick the cladding onto a clay mortar - a short-lived option, as the tiles will fall off over time. Therefore, experts recommend using this type of finishing in rooms where it is difficult to do without cladding ( bathroom, toilet, kitchen).

If it fits well into the interior and is considered as the main type of decoration, then optimal solution There will be the use of drywall. First, you need to screw the gypsum plasterboard sheets directly to the walls using long self-tapping screws, or pre-make a frame from galvanized profiles, and then attach drywall to it. After this, prepare the surface and finish ceramic tiles- And beautiful wall will please the eye with a spectacular look of stylish finishing.

Adobe blocks are made exclusively from natural materials without the use of any chemicals. It is a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water, which are the main substances. And additional ingredients that are added if necessary include: tyrsa, wood shavings or wood chips, sometimes fresh cow dung is used.

The walls of a house made of adobe are famous for their energy efficiency and comparative cheapness. Most owners of adobe houses appreciate the advantages of this natural building material: in the summer the house stays cool by being heated from the outside, and in the winter it stays warm by being exposed to sub-zero temperatures. Such an advantage is unlikely to be found in the properties of cinder blocks or bricks.

However, the disadvantage of an adobe house, as already mentioned, is precisely its sensitivity to water and moisture, which is why it is so important to find right decision for reliable and at the same time environmentally friendly cladding of its walls.

There are several finishing options adobe houses outside:

1. siding and composite sheathing;
2. lining a house with stone;
3. tiling;
4. plastering followed by painting facade paint;
5. “fur coat” finish.

Lovers modern trends V exterior decoration adobe houses come to the decision to use siding coverings, often forgetting about the harmfulness of some types of plastic. Typically, siding is attractive for its practicality in operation and hermetically sealed protection from moisture and dampness of the coatings. Although such cladding of an adobe house is made using ventilated facade technology, plastic heated in the sun can still emit harmful substances that eat into the walls. Most people do not consider this point to be a fact, but in any case, if you compare the live natural material and synthetic - the advantage in safety for human health will still be given to environmentally friendly natural building materials.

Covering an adobe house with stone is considered an environmentally friendly in an acceptable way protecting such a house from moisture, but it is not affordable for everyone. Stone often means the use of the following materials: wild stone, artificial stone, shell rock, sandstone. Stone also has a natural ability to “breathe,” allowing adobe blocks to “live and breathe” as well.

Ceramic tile cladding, although more labor-intensive to work with and less durable, is also, like stone, a environmentally friendly materials. But there is one “but” - this is tile adhesive for exterior use, which can be quite toxic. Therefore, to achieve greater safety in the decoration of external adobe walls, they use cement mortars, or anchor or wire devices and fastenings.

Plastering adobe walls followed by painting is a very environmentally friendly way to cladding your home. Be sure to plaster using a special plaster mesh, which must first be fixed to fragile walls. Many people insulate their walls using various insulation materials, such as special polystyrene foam. Plaster is applied on top and after it dries, the walls are painted with facade paint. The environmental friendliness and durability of this coating are guaranteed!

Decorating the outside of an adobe house “like a fur coat” is also classified as in a safe way cladding. In addition, this method is considered quite economical and affordable in terms of cost of building materials for the “fur coat”. The house is also well protected from moisture, and at the same time allows the adobe material to “breathe”.

Thus, we see that four of the five proposed methods are the safest for lining and protecting the walls of an adobe house from moisture and other unwanted influences.

Building a house is an expensive undertaking. The building materials alone for the construction of the walls will cost a significant amount, but you also need to attract craftsmen to lay and finish them. Yes, with all the costs for high-quality structural and finishing materials you still need to make sure of their environmental characteristics - you agree, today this criterion is important. Meanwhile, it is quite possible to build a full-fledged house not only with your own hands, but also from construction material, created, again, independently and directly on the construction site - no chemical components are required for the production of adobe bricks. Let's find out what adobe is, how to build a building from it and, finally, how comfortable it will be to live in such a house.

History of adobe houses

To shelter himself and his family from bad weather, a person needed a house. Several thousand years ago people developed various technologies construction, primarily dependent on the availability of the simplest building materials - stone and wood. For many peoples who inhabited the Earth around the equator before our era, wood and stone were in great short supply; they had to look for other building materials. About 6,000 years ago, a solution to the problem was found - bricks were made from wet clay mixed with straw, dried in the sun, and buildings were erected from this simple structural material.

Molded and sun-baked bricks first appeared in Ancient Egypt- for their production, Egyptian builders extracted clay from the bottom of the Nile River. Subsequently, the technology for creating clay bricks was borrowed from the Egyptians by the peoples of Ancient Persia, from where it spread throughout Asia, and then, together with the Moorish armies, penetrated into Spain. By the way, it was the Arab builders who gave clay brick the name at-tob, which centuries later was changed by the Spaniards to adobe - in Russia its Turkic name “adobe” is better known.

The oldest architectural complex in Asia, made entirely of adobe, until 2003, was the Persian “fortress of Bam” (Arg-e Bam), created around the 6th–4th centuries BC. e. Achaemenid dynasty. Unfortunately, at the end of 2003, the ancient Citadel was completely destroyed by an earthquake of magnitude 6.3, the epicenter of which fell almost on the territory of the old city. Let us note that the Iranian city of Bam suffered from the earthquake not only in the historical part, but also in the modern part - about 80% of the buildings collapsed.

The construction of buildings from mud (i.e. clay) developed independently among the peoples of the American continent. Indians from the Anasazi (Pueblo) tribe built multi-story complexes of clay and straw in the southern part of North America, although they did not make bricks - prepared building material when wet, it was laid along the perimeter of the future building; as it hardened, a new tier was formed on top, and so on.

In the state of New Mexico (USA), buildings built from adobe about 1000 years ago still exist and are used for living.

Composition of adobe

Adobe blocks are made exclusively from natural materials without the use of any chemicals. It is a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water, which are the main substances. And additional ingredients that are added if necessary include: tyrsa, wood shavings or wood chips, sometimes fresh cow dung is used.

The walls of a house made of adobe are famous for their energy efficiency and comparative cheapness. Most owners of adobe houses appreciate the advantages of this natural building material: in the summer the house stays cool by being heated from the outside, and in the winter it stays warm by being exposed to sub-zero temperatures. Such an advantage is unlikely to be found in the properties of cinder blocks or bricks.

However, the disadvantage of an adobe house, as already mentioned, is precisely its sensitivity to water and moisture, which is why it is so important to find the right solution for reliable and at the same time environmentally friendly cladding of its walls.

There are several options for finishing the outside of adobe houses:

Siding and composite sheathing;
- covering the house with stone;
- tiling;
-plaster coating followed by painting with facade paint;
-fur coat finish.

Fans of modern trends in the exterior decoration of adobe houses come to the decision to use siding coverings, often forgetting about the harmfulness of some types of plastic. Typically, siding is attractive for its practicality in operation and hermetically sealed protection from moisture and dampness of the coatings. Although such cladding of an adobe house is made using ventilated facade technology, plastic heated in the sun can still release harmful substances that eat into the walls. Most people do not consider this point to be a fact, but in any case, if you compare living natural materials and synthetic ones, the advantage in safety for human health will still be given to environmentally friendly natural building materials.

Covering an adobe house with stone is considered an environmentally acceptable way to protect such a house from moisture, but it is not affordable for everyone. Stone often means the use of such materials: wild stone, artificial stone, shell rock, sandstone. Stone also has a natural ability to “breathe,” allowing adobe blocks to “live and breathe” as well.

Ceramic tile cladding, although more labor-intensive to work with and less durable, is also, like stone, an environmentally friendly material. But there is one “but” - this is tile adhesive for exterior use, which can be quite toxic. Therefore, to achieve greater safety in the decoration of external adobe walls, cement mortars, or anchor or wire devices and fastenings are used.

Plastering adobe walls followed by painting is a very environmentally friendly way to cladding your home. Plastering must be done using a special plaster mesh, which must first be fixed to fragile walls. Many people insulate their walls using various insulation materials, such as special polystyrene foam. Plaster is applied on top and after it dries, the walls are painted with facade paint. The environmental friendliness and durability of this coating are guaranteed!

Finishing the outside of an adobe house “like a fur coat” is also considered a safe cladding method. In addition, this method is considered quite economical and affordable in terms of cost of building materials for the “fur coat”. The house is also well protected from moisture, and at the same time allows the adobe material to “breathe”.

Thus, we see that four of the five proposed methods are the safest for lining and protecting the walls of an adobe house from moisture and other unwanted influences.

Building an adobe house is part of the philosophy of an environmentally friendly and economical lifestyle. There is always a good microclimate here; adobe is able to absorb excess moisture from the air and, if necessary, can release it back. This material is cheaper than others wall solutions(brick, wood, modern blocks), but you can make it yourself. The building has good thermal and sound insulation.

Owners of adobe houses are proud of the originality of their homes, the expressiveness and originality of their interiors. And this is, perhaps, the main attractiveness of adobe construction.

Rounded walls, arches, benches and beds can be made from plastic material. You can make shelves and window openings right in the walls various shapes, for example with rounded corners. Moreover window glass can be embedded directly into the wall, without a frame.

Even children can take part in creating the interior; all you need is time and imagination. Creativity is exciting, and, having mastered the technology, some do not stop at the construction of one building: they plan to build a workshop, a garage, a house for guests or parents from adobe.

Used in finishing adobe houses natural materials(clay, lime or gypsum plaster on the walls, wood and ceramics on the floor). Stoves are often used for heating and cooking (the Kuznetsov stove, which is simple and economical to operate, is especially popular).

But there are no obstacles to equipping adobe house modern engineering equipment, supply gas to it, connect an electric or gas boiler. An effective solution, given the massiveness of heavy adobe and its ability to accumulate heat, there will be a “warm floor” system. Engineering communications easy to hide in floors and walls.

You can use completely environmentally friendly materials for finishing the latter. plasterboard sheets, acrylic plaster and paint. Well processed wooden structures modern protective impregnations. A combination of ancient adobe construction methods with modern technologies increases comfort in the home.

Need for ventilation

You need to understand that adobe absorbs moisture well (much more than brick, and about the same as aerated concrete). A very wet wall may collapse unexpectedly (these are the properties of clay).

Therefore, the house must have good ventilation to prevent the walls from being saturated with water vapor. It is necessary to provide in the walls ventilation ducts. Since adobe technology allows you to wall windows directly into the wall, without a frame, but it will be impossible to open them.